The child has frequent diarrhea and stomach pains. The child has a stomach ache and diarrhea without fever treatment

Mental and physical formation child are two interrelated concepts. mental health characterized by cognitive functions. Children are very grateful people, and the development of attention in children up to school age with regular practice gives very good results.

Attention is not isolated mental function. Working with a child, along with mindfulness training, involves connecting memory, will and other mental processes In total. It is advisable to develop these functions in parallel. For example, it is impossible to perceive and reproduce information if memory suffers. A person cannot memorize information if he is inattentive. In turn, attention is impossible without adequate thought processes.

Attention is necessary for a person to be able to respond in time to changing circumstances. external environment. In the process of evolution, this phenomenon developed and honed. The components of the process - alertness, vigilance, readiness to act on the first signal - were constantly improved and honed by our ancestors.

In order for attention to develop, it must be constantly reinforced by responses and actions. Muscles that realize the response should be constantly trained.

All cognitive activity of the child, aimed at the object of study, consists of the following factors:

selective perception of the object;
comprehension;
speaking out loud or to yourself
imagination;
switching from one object to another.

In order to train the attention of a child, it is necessary that the object of study be attractive to him, and there would be a desire to do something with him.

Types of attention

There is a division into the following types of attention:

arbitrary;
involuntary;
post-voluntary;
sensual;
intellectual;
natural;
socially conditioned.

All these types are interconnected, one flows into another under certain circumstances. For the formation of voluntary attention, it is necessary to connect work with will, thinking, and speech to training.

Functions, properties of attention

Attention performs the following tasks:

activation or inhibition of physiological, psychological functions, depending on the specific need;
perception, differentiation of information that came from outside;
replacement of initial data due to associative thinking;
detection of an irritant, assessment of its danger to the body.

Attention properties:

Concentration is the ability to focus on a particular object.
Distribution to several objects without compromising perception.
Intensity - the greater the interest in any type of activity, the higher the intensity of attention.
Resilience - the ability to remain mindful long time, to study any issue for a long time.

The amount of information that a child can control in his environment demonstrates how much stimuli he keeps in the focus of attention. Normally - no more than three objects in 4-5 years. This volume is directly dependent on short-term memory, thinking, ability to concentrate.

Switching ability.
The ability to resist distractions.

Only that object or action that is interesting to the child at a particular time or provides some needs of the body can be a full-fledged object.

Ways to assess attention

To evaluate the functions, there are special individual and group tests, methods. The most common include:

A technique for finding the beginning and end of lines in a figure.
To assess distribution, switching, stability, fatigue, a technique is used in which children are given the task to mark different shapes in a certain way, for example, a triangle with a dot, a square with a tick, etc. The time to complete the diagnosis is 2 minutes.
In parallel, short-term memory is assessed. To do this, the child is given multi-colored pictures, asked to look for objects and arrange these images in a given sequence. And then they ask where this or that thing originally lay.

Highly great importance during the diagnostic procedures has the desire of the child to participate in them.

Violations of attention

Depending on which form of inattention prevails, one speaks of the following types attention disorders:

Decreased stability, concentration - complicates cognitive activity and leads to disruption of thought processes, to learning difficulties.
Volume reduction is a quantitative indicator that allows you to concentrate on several distinctive properties of an object at the same time, to navigate the street.
A significant violation is the inability to perceive information by ear, to follow verbal instructions. This disorder suggests that a person does not perceive speech as a carrier of information.
Complete lack of attention.

Borderline conditions that occur with impaired attention:

overwork;
stress;
spring hypovitaminosis;
social neglect;
scandals in the family;
asthenia after illness;
irregular stay fresh air, malnutrition.

Pathological conditions characterized by reduced attention:

At manic states there is an acceleration of associative processes, patients do not track events that may occur around because they do not have time to focus on them: a fluttering consciousness is observed.
With epilepsy, there is inertia of thinking, patients get stuck in unimportant details and cannot cover all the necessary details of the object. Basic hallmark epileptic type - ornate phrases, viscosity of thinking, unnecessary complications.
The consequences of traumatic brain injury, neuroinfection are manifested by interrelated disorders of attention, decreased intelligence and other functions.
Mental retardation is characterized by the difficulty of switching from one task to another. When setting a new task, children slip into an old, already familiar solution, they cannot follow the instructions received, synthesize information, and draw conclusions. There is a narrowing of the circle of interests. These patients cannot develop voluntary attention.
One of the first symptoms of schizophrenia is impaired active attention, which leads to impaired cognitive activity, snatching minor details from the events taking place around. The child cannot focus on the designated object. He instantly switches and loses interest in what is happening.

The above pathological conditions should be diagnosed by a specialist. When there is a violation, it is worth seeking advice, conducting diagnostic search and follow the instructions given. Often, with this type of disorder, it is quite regular to engage in, following certain stages, consistent exercises in the development of attention in children.

Attention training techniques

For training mindfulness in childhood and adult periods of life, there are their own approaches, patterns. It is strongly recommended to create conditions for comfortable learning, preliminary explanation upcoming classes, positive emotional coloring, confidential communication.

Stages of development of attention in children:

During the first year of life, children have only involuntary mindfulness.
By the beginning of the second year of life, research activities are gradually improving - these are the beginnings of focused attention.
From the second to the third years, children can follow verbal instructions, purposefully look for the named object with their eyes.
At 4-5 years old, a child is able to follow intricate instructions. He gradually develops a purposeful fixation, he can steadfastly keep his attention not only on the subject, but also analyze its properties and relationship with environmental factors.
At the age of five - six years, an arbitrary function is improved according to own will and under the control of self-instructions. This is clearly seen in games.
At the age of seven, volitional attention is already formed. Its volume, stability will be improved for the rest of your life.

A good effect is given by educational games, of which there are a great many. A distinctive feature of these manipulations is that children easily learn what is colored with positive emotions, which implies the alternation of mental and physical activity.

Class methods

Starting from the age of 4-5, a phase of imaginary psychological well-being, or calm, begins. Now the child becomes obedient and docile, learns with pleasure, his enthusiasm for studying the world around him increases.

With the development of attention in children 4-5 years old, it is necessary to be based on the child's desire for independence during this period of time.

We must allow him to do some things himself and strive for him to complete the work he has begun. Now it's time to give the opportunity to express their desires, to express their thoughts. An attempt to establish rules that are convenient for him will teach the child to respond correctly, understand, empathize with people.

Helping children create their own world from fantasies on paper or from a constructor, it is necessary to strive for them to explain their goals and objectives in words, to talk about the heroes from their world. Thus, the formation and development of attention, speech in children 4-5 years old. Man becomes the main character actor and seeks the attention he lacks.

At this age, there is a desire to make friends, make new acquaintances, communicate in a team with their own kind. Features of the development of attention in preschool children are that the child should be given the opportunity to take part in role-playing games, for example, to a hospital, a store, a war, or to play episodes of your favorite fairy tales. The ability to plan sequential actions, distribute roles in the game, learn to communicate, and concentrate is perfectly trained in this situation.

All the shortcomings of education and communication defects that the child had at that time are transformed into bad habits, negative traits in behavior.

Math games should take into account that children at this age are capable of the following actions:

distinguish oval, square, rectangle, etc.;
arrange the first ten digits in the desired sequence;
compare - less, more, distinguish the number of objects.

Logic tasks usually include the following techniques:

determine the differences between the two pictures;
build a constructor from a sample;
put together puzzles of 4-5 parts;
7-10 minutes to do something interesting for him, without diverting his attention;
generalize objects on similar grounds, select words that are opposite in meaning, memorize phrases;
know the names of professions, countries;
retell your favorite fairy tales;
describe various fruits, berries, vegetables;
name insects, tell about them;
see incorrectly drawn shapes.

Parents, teachers should understand that a child can do something interesting for him for a long time. Therefore, a person must be warned about the end of the game in advance. It is important to be interested in the opinion of children, to answer the questions “why” and to provide the opportunity to choose the answers yourself.

senior preschoolers

During this period of time, while developing attention in older preschool children, it must be taken into account that the child already fully knows the language, pronounces words correctly, builds sentences.

Small and large movements are subject to him, generalizing words, intonation, perception of works of art, music. Children at this age love the following pastime:

paint;
sculpt from clay, plasticine;
cut out;
glue;
make crafts, applications;
help at home.

Features of the development of younger students

When analyzing the development of attention in children of primary school age, it must be taken into account that at the age of 7-8 years there comes a turning point in life. This is a time of reassessment of values: old motives are being replaced by new thoughts and aspirations. It is important to base attention training on the fact that play is gradually ceasing to be the main occupation of the child. Personal development depends on the results of his studies, recognition among peers.

The moment has come when the child thinks before doing something, hides his emotions and experiences, there comes a loss of childish spontaneity. With the development of attention, the emerging sense of responsibility in children of primary school age is involved. Everything that happens around leaves an imprint on his entire later life. Functions of the higher nervous activity at this age they become arbitrary and meaningful.

But external stimuli are still a strong distraction, so it is advisable to perform the following training exercises:

Forbidden Letter or Word: The rules are spelled out in advance that you cannot pronounce any letter or word in response to any question.
Cities and countries, when they call the capitals of countries or continue the names of cities, having heard the last letter of the previous word.
Training of memory and attention - laid out on the table in certain sequence items of 10-15 pieces and allow the child to remember where everything is. After that, you can swap up to 3 items. Children are happy to find changes in the arrangement of objects.
Playing with lines where you have to trace the beginning and end without using a pencil. To enhance interest, an animal is depicted at one end of the line, and a house at the other. Children are concentrated on looking for the way to the house for the little animal.
To develop stability, inanimate objects are listed and periodically among them - an animal or a flower. At this point, the child should clap their hands. it fun game for several kids.
Find the difference in pictures is one of the most favorite games for children. Periodically, images will have to be complicated, which will increase the effectiveness of training.
The task to finish or color the other half of the picture perfectly trains perseverance, attentiveness, fine motor skills of the hand.

Exists a large number of exercises. It must be remembered that it is necessary to alternate tasks so that the learning process is always interesting: encourage the desire for learning, teach consistent, purposeful actions, strive to bring the work started to its logical end and always clean up after yourself workplace or play area.

Muscle training of the whole body, outdoor games, morning exercises are also an integral part of mindfulness classes. Mobile "bouncers" with a ball make it possible to have fun, move, concentrate on several external stimuli.

Conclusion

Formation of attention consists in regular, daily, purposeful activity. Lessons must take place in comfortable conditions. Gradually, training situations are created with an attempt to divert the attention of the child and teach him not to respond to external stimuli. Demonstration of the importance of the actions performed, the significance of the child's work will help to cultivate discipline, serious attitude to classes, to form behavioral skills, improve memory and attention.

It must be remembered that in the background transferred infections, intoxication after infectious diseases, there is a decrease in all functions nervous system. The same phenomena develop with avitaminosis. To maintain the functions of the nervous system, it is necessary that the diet contains a sufficient set of vitamins and trace elements. Of particular importance are the vitamins of group B, vitamin C, selenium, magnesium.

Parents often experience abdominal pain and diarrhea in children. When you can be bothered not only by abdominal pain, but also by fever. Every parent should know what symptoms of infectious diseases or food poisoning may bother the child. And what can be done if the child has a stomach ache and diarrhea has appeared.

An upset stomach at an early age, regardless of the causes of the development of pathology, can be dangerous. The result is rapid dehydration. If measures are not taken in a timely manner to eliminate the disease, emergency medical care may be required.

To determine the causes of diarrhea and pain in the abdomen, it is necessary to pay attention to the location of pain and associated symptoms.

Factors causing pain in the abdomen and diarrhea in children, can be infectious and non-infectious type.

Causes of an infectious nature

Dysentery

This disease is seasonal. Most often it develops in the spring and summer. At this time, children eat a lot of vegetables and fruits, sometimes unwashed.

Children under three years of age are most susceptible to dysentery. With age and after the transfer of the disease, immunity against dysentery is developed. The causes of pathology are:

violation of hygiene rules;
coming into contact with a sick person.

Incubation period lasts from one hour to several days. Then comes acute stage. It is characterized by cramping pain.

The baby is worried severe diarrhea, stool frequency can be more than 20 times a day. The feces have green color, they contain streaks of blood and mucus. In advanced stages, children begin to vomit, the temperature rises. They become lethargic, complain about headache, stomach painful.

The diagnosis is established only by a doctor. This will require a stool and blood test.

Treatment is carried out subject to strict bed rest. The child must adhere to a diet, he is prescribed antibacterial drugs.

This pathology most often affects children from six months to two years. The disease can cause mass infection. In this case, damage to the small intestine occurs, the development of gastroenteritis. Severe diarrhea with rotavirus infection quickly leads to dehydration.

The incubation period of the disease is from one to five days. The child is concerned about acute pain in the abdomen and weakness. It can vomit both in the morning on an empty stomach, and after eating or drinking.

The kid does not eat well, his appetite disappears. The temperature can reach 38 degrees. It practically does not decrease with the use of medications. Then frequent diarrhea begins to appear, feces in children become yellow color with an unpleasant sour smell.

Methods of treatment of rotavirus infection are started by a doctor. The main thing with suspicion of this diagnosis is to exclude dairy products from the diet.

salmonellosis

An infectious disease that is transmitted mainly from domestic animals. Infection occurs when Salmonella enters the gastrointestinal tract. Children can get the virus from adults or through animal products. Children of preschool age are most often exposed to infection.

Symptoms of the disease are:

very heat The child has;
nausea, vomiting;
diarrhea with spicy bad smell with blood and food particles;
intoxication of the body;
dehydration.

Diarrhea can last up to three weeks. Especially dangerous manifestation this disease in newborns. It begins very sharply, and its course depends on the immunity of the child.

Diagnosis of the disease is carried out by a doctor. First of all, he notices the lining of the tongue, soreness and rumbling in the abdomen on the right. To confirm the diagnosis, tests are prescribed for culture of feces and vomit. Children under one year of age are subject to mandatory hospitalization. The rest, if the disease is not severe, hospital treatment is not required.

Gastroenteritis

It is an inflammation of the stomach lining and small intestine. The disease develops against the background of viral or bacterial infections.

Other reasons

In addition, the causes of gastroenteritis can be:

poisoning with chemicals, unripe fruits;
binge eating;
frequent consumption of too spicy food.

The intensity and nature of the symptoms depend on the causes of the disease. The main symptoms indicating the development of pathology:

vomiting with nausea;
muscle pain;
temperature;
weakness;
abdominal pain;
diarrhea.

The patient must be admitted to the hospital. First of all, the child's stomach is washed. The patient is on bed rest co strict diet. The transition to regular food is carried out gradually.

In addition, the child is prescribed a complex of vitamins and drugs that restore the intestinal microflora.

Reasons related to nutrition

Dyspeptic diarrhea

This is the body's response to wrong diet. As a result, food is poorly digested. The disease is manifested by frequent stools with mucus impurities. In children, the temperature rises to 37.5 degrees, they are capricious. As a treatment is used:

compliance with the daily routine;
nutrition adjustment;
enzymes, vitamins of group B are prescribed.

toxic diarrhea

The cause of the pathology is kidney failure, which occurs due to poisoning with mercury or arsenic. The disease is manifested by a strong level of intoxication.

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, increased salivation.

Medical diarrhea

It can arise due to incorrectly chosen medications that cause dysbiosis.

food allergy

She comes from high individual intolerance certain foodstuffs. Symptoms of pathology are:

skin inflammation;
vomiting with nausea;
colic in the intestines;
diarrhea.

Food poisoning

It occurs due to the consumption of spoiled food. Children develop sudden nausea with vomiting, it can be repeated continuously. In addition, the child is worried about diarrhea, the stomach can get very sick, there are cramps. Children in this state are very lethargic and capricious. Observed:

pallor of the skin;
cardiopalmus;
the volume of outgoing urine decreases, it becomes dark in color.

When vomiting occurs, the first measure should be gastric lavage. For this use weak solution potassium permanganate or table salt. Treatment of a child with food poisoning is carried out in a hospital.

Until recovery, all food is steamed. It is forbidden to give children raw vegetables and fruits, juices, fatty and fried foods.

Preferably in daily diet turn on:

porridge on the water;
mashed vegetable soups;
crackers and yesterday's bread;
dairy products.

Often with food poisoning use folk methods treatment:

Boil one tablespoon of fresh dill in a glass of water. After cooling, add water to a full glass and dissolve one tablespoon of honey in it. The resulting decoction is drunk 50 g half an hour before meals three times a day.
One teaspoon of marshmallow root is infused in boiling water for half an hour. Then filter and add honey, take one teaspoon four times a day.

Dysbacteriosis

It is a disease that most often occurs in children under the age of three. The reasons for its development are:

malnutrition;
taking antibiotics;
allergic reactions to certain foods;
weakened immunity;
incorrect selection of the mixture;
transferred infectious diseases.

The disease has no specific features. In children, the stomach may hurt, this is accompanied by seething. Diarrhea with residue undigested food. For treatment, probiotics and nutritional adjustments are prescribed.

What to do for stomach pain and diarrhea

It is very important to start treatment in time to avoid dehydration and loss of vitamins.

Before the arrival of the doctor, you can not:

stop breastfeeding;
give your child self-administered stool-fixing drugs or antibiotics;
give painkillers, as they will disrupt the symptoms and it will be difficult to accurately determine the disease;
you can not massage the stomach if the child has a fever.

When characteristic symptoms appear, the child must be isolated from other children. He is given personal utensils. If the temperature rises to no more than 38.5 degrees, abdominal pain and diarrhea, you must call the local pediatrician. If traces of blood are found in the feces, the child is disturbed by very severe pain, he has no urination for four hours, it is necessary to call an ambulance.

It is important to know that vomiting and diarrhea severely dehydrate the body. This can lead to death.

To prevent the patient is given plentiful drink. For this, it is best to use non-carbonated mineral water.

If your stomach often hurts during or after diarrhea in a child, this may indicate both harmless disorders and serious infectious diseases. To avoid the development of complications, it is necessary to immediately consult a doctor when the first signs appear. This will help to establish the cause of the pathology in a timely manner and begin treatment.

The gastrointestinal tract of a child differs sharply from the gastrointestinal tract of adults in terms of the structure of its contents. From the womb of the mother, the baby appears with a pristine intestine, in which there are neither useful nor harmful microorganisms. During the first year of life colon It is actively colonized by all kinds of microflora - primarily lactic acid bacteria and fungi, which are actively involved in the fermentation of food and contribute to the production and absorption of vitamins. But no one guarantees that only beneficial microorganisms will enter the baby's body. Pathogens also enter the small and large intestines, causing local inflammation and disorders.

In the first weeks of life and liquefied frequent stool- quite normal phenomenon, because he eats exclusively liquid food, which very quickly makes its way through the intestinal lumen. Very often, the baby poops literally immediately after feeding. During this period, the child may experience green stools - this is quite normal if there are no traces of mucus or blood in the feces.

When the child reaches the age of 9-12 months, the stool returns to normal, its frequency does not exceed 4-5 times a day. The feces become mushy, and with the start of feeding vegetables and fruits, they contain solid particles. This is where you need to start worrying if the baby goes to the potty frequently and fluidly. It's time to start sounding the alarm and see a doctor if the child not only has a stomach ache and diarrhea, but also has some other symptoms, for example, a fever, colic, vomiting, increased sweating of the feet and hands.

Why does my stomach hurt with diarrhea?

The intestinal wall contains pain receptors, and any pathological process almost always causes pain. True, young children cannot explain where the stomach hurts in words, but usually they can point to the problem area with their pens. If the baby is holding on to the navel, then most likely the inflammation is in the stomach or small intestine. If the lower abdomen is worried, then there is a problem with the large intestine or bladder. Severe pain in right side acute appendicitis. In some cases, the pain syndrome is diffuse, and not every adult will determine where it hurts. If the pain is not too strong, then subsides, then worsens, this may mean that the child has dysbacteriosis - a typical condition associated with improper colonization of the intestines with microflora or the death of some of the beneficial bacterial colonies, for example, due to taking antibiotics. Moreover, antibiotics can also enter the child's body with breast milk - nursing mothers should never forget this.

What to do if the baby has diarrhea and stomach ache?

In addition to dysbacteriosis, such symptoms can cause:

numerous bacterial and fungal infections;
rotaviruses and adenoviruses (people call viral enteritis "intestinal flu");
worms and protozoa;
improperly organized breast or artificial feeding;
allergic reactions;
congenital deficiency of the enzyme lactase, necessary for processing breast milk and artificial milk mixtures.

If the diarrhea lasts for a long time and the discomfort in the abdomen does not go away, it is necessary to show the child to a doctor who will collect necessary tests and prescribe treatment. If the pain in the abdomen is acute, the child cries, does not sleep, refuses food, and in stool ah traces of blood are found, you need to immediately call an ambulance. It is possible that the baby has an acute intestinal infection (salmonellosis, dysentery) or a dangerous helminthic invasion. Such diseases are fraught not only with dehydration typical for diarrhea, but also with general intoxication of the body, violation of the integrity of the intestinal walls, peritonitis, anemia and other life-threatening complications.

Fortunately, these dangerous diseases are rare in developed countries, and hospitals have essential medicines and equipment for them successful treatment. Much more often in the practice of parents there are cases when the baby complains of sluggish abdominal pain and he has increased gas formation, stool disorders that are not profuse in nature. Of course, communication with the pediatrician should not be shelved, but parents can help the child with means traditional medicine and some medicines available that won't do any harm.

More liquid!

We have already noted more than once that with diarrhea a child needs to drink, drink and drink. If this is a baby, then you need to apply it to the chest more often. If the baby switched to mixtures, you should first give probiotics, which will restore the disturbed microflora. With severe diarrhea, the use of special children's rehydrators is indicated - powders diluted in water, consisting of a carefully selected complex of salts and glucose, to adjust the water and electrolyte balance.

If it is not possible to buy such a drug at a pharmacy, then at home it is easy to prepare an analogue.

500 ml boiled water(chilled);
2 tbsp. l. Sahara;
2st. l. salt;
¼ teaspoon of soda.
Stir until completely dissolved.

Put the finished solution at the baby's bed. It is desirable to put the child to bed. Active movement exacerbates nausea. And feed the child with a spoon every few minutes a little bit.

Give the baby a sip after 5 minutes.

Children 2-5 years old - a teaspoon every 5 minutes.

Children 6-7 years old - a dessert spoon every 5 minutes.

7-12 years - a tablespoon every 5-10 minutes.

A homemade solution, as well as a solution of Regidron or another rehydratant drug, soothes irritated intestinal walls. With a favorable set of circumstances, diarrhea and vomiting can stop without the use of drugs.

Antispasmodics and analgesics should be given to a child only after consulting a doctor who will suggest a schedule and dosage. Inadvertently giving the baby a strong painkiller can cause allergies and even drug poisoning.

Enterosorbents

For any gastrointestinal intestinal disorders ah shows enterosorbents - drugs that bind toxic products that enter the gastrointestinal tract with food or are produced pathogenic microorganisms due to the death of beneficial microflora due to weakened immunity. Sorbents do not cause allergies and are not absorbed into the blood, that is, they practically cannot harm the child in any way. Most drugs are in powder form and require dilution with water. In this regard, Enterosgel, a drug that has a jelly-like form, compares favorably with Smecta, Polysorb or Polyphepan. A child can easily swallow it from a spoon without getting any discomfort. Then it is desirable to drink the medicine.

ethnoscience

From time immemorial, diarrhea in children has been one of the most dangerous diseases that cause infant mortality. He spared neither commoners nor aristocrats - the level of sanitation in the old days was approximately the same everywhere. healers and traditional healers tried different natural remedies struggle with intestinal ailments and many of these methods were subsequently recognized official medicine and became the basis of production medicines.

What will help from the arsenal of ordinary household supplies?

rice broth (for 1 part of washed and peeled rice 3 parts of water, cook until cooked without salt and sugar);
compote of pears, bird cherry (without sugar);
starch solution (1 tsp with a slide for 1 glass of water - drink every hour);
gruel from gooseberries (150 g of berries are well kneaded, you can add a little banana, take 1 tbsp several times a day half an hour before meals).

What other plants are effective for diarrhea and abdominal pain in children? The list is quite extensive:

blueberry fruits;
blackcurrant fruits;
cumin fruits;
bird cherry berries;
fennel fruits and tubers;
peppermint leaf;
sage leaf;
chicory;
plantain leaf;
chamomile flowers;
immortelle flowers;
rosehip flowers and berries;
hawthorn berries;
rhizomes of highlander snake;
calamus rhizomes;
roots of cinquefoil erect and goose;
burnet roots;
the roots of urban gravilate;
seedlings of gray alder;
Oak bark;
leaves and branches of sea buckthorn and others.

Blueberries, bird cherry, currant

Blueberries for diarrhea are used in dried and fresh. A tincture is made from dry extracts, jelly is made from fresh or frozen berries (or eaten fresh). Blueberry contains tannins, which soothe irritated intestinal epithelium and reduce its permeability, which stops dehydration. Phytoncides have a detrimental effect on many pathogenic organisms: staphylococci, streptococci, dysentery pathogens. The pectin contained in the berry helps to free the intestines from anaerobic bacteria that cause putrefactive processes in the intestines.

Very close to blueberries is the effect of blackcurrant berries, which also have astringent and antibacterial action. Currants are rich in vitamin C, which is a powerful immunostimulant and shown at viral enteritis caused by rotaviruses and adenoviruses.

The optimal form for young children is blueberry and currant jelly (with the addition of juice that has not undergone heat treatment). It is both a treat and a medicine for a child.

Bird cherry berries are most often combined with blueberries in a ratio of 1 to 1. The infusion is made from dried fruits. A glass of boiling water is spent on a spoonful of the mixture. Children are given a teaspoon of infusion 3-4 times a day.

Cumin, chicory, fennel

In order to prepare a fixing infusion on cumin, take a tablespoon of crushed fruits and a glass of boiling water. They insist for days. Then take a tablespoon 3-4 times a day. Babies are enough for a teaspoon 2-3 times a day. The taste of cumin is peculiar, but not nasty, if the baby likes the medicine, it can be used. The main thing is to make sure that there is no allergy to cumin.

An infusion of chicory or hawthorn (5 g of dry berries per cup of boiling water) will also produce healing effect. Hawthorn infusion goes very well with rosehip infusion - a storehouse of vitamins and trace elements.

Fennel is not very well known in our country, as it grows mainly in the Mediterranean. But its tubers and small grains-berries in crushed form are very useful for digestion. Fennel tinctures are capable of:

reduce bloating;
cope with muscle spasms and relieve abdominal pain;
remove the notorious irritable bowel syndrome;
increase local and general immunity in viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract.

In addition, the substances contained in fennel - effective prevention neoplasms in the intestines (for example, polyps and rectal cancer). This is not very relevant for kids, but adults may find the information useful.

Teas, tinctures, decoctions

Chamomile tea with peppermint helps well, you can add plantain leaves, sage.

Oak bark has an excellent fixing and anti-inflammatory effect. It is drunk not only for diarrhea, but also for diseases of the stomach.

Calamus extracts have remarkable antidiarrheal properties, but there is a serious limitation for the treatment of children - all pharmacy tinctures made with alcohol. For the treatment of the baby, only decoctions of dried and crushed calamus roots are used. There is even such a recipe: mix calamus root powder with honey and take a teaspoon inside. It helps with heartburn, gastritis, enteritis, colitis, liver pathologies.

Pharmacies sell ready-made herbal preparations from intestinal disorders. You can always pick up herbs that your child will like and will not cause an allergic reaction.

Let's repeat: folk remedies cannot cure acute gastrointestinal infection accompanied by profuse diarrhea and severe pain in the abdomen. With such symptoms, especially in a child, urgent measures should be taken immediately and an ambulance should be called.

So that the baby does not have diarrhea and abdominal pain, in every family where replenishment has appeared, it is necessary to strictly observe the rules of hygiene and teach the child to them from a very early age. The sooner the baby stops dragging into his mouth everything that attracted his attention and “try it by mouth”, the less likely it is to get stomach diseases with frequent urges on the pot.

Health to you and your children!

Failure of the digestive system in children manifests itself in the form of diarrhea and pain in the abdomen. The pain can be of different intensity, it all depends on the reasons for which diarrhea appears, as well as on the frequency of defecation.

Often, disorders in a child are supplemented by vomiting or nausea, as well as an increase in temperature. It is important to know the reasons why a child has a stomachache and diarrhea does not go away.

Causes in children under 2 years of age

You can determine the causes of diarrhea in a child by behavior. If a child has a stomach ache, then he becomes restless, starts to cry, constantly twitches his legs, and gases are also released.

Diarrhea and abdominal pain appear as a result of the following reasons:

Colic. Most often, the problem occurs in a child under 3 months, but in some cases, colic can be up to a year. The child has diarrhea, his stomach hurts, but the problem quickly disappears on its own for half an hour.
Dysbacteriosis. Similar state indicates a failure of the intestinal microflora, resulting in pain, flatulence and diarrhea.
Poisoning. Often the problem is caused in young children by the introduction of complementary foods or certain products for which the child's body is not ready.
Intestinal obstruction. In this condition, children will have acute pain in the abdomen, vomiting, diarrhea, there may be various impurities in the feces, especially blood.

During palpation, seals can be determined. The surgeon's help is needed to determine exact reasons and carry out treatment.

Diarrhea leads to the rapid removal of fluid from the body, and if this happens, then the child has the following symptoms:

The baby becomes lethargic.
Appear dark circles under the eyes.
Urine becomes dark in color and is rarely expelled.
The appetite worsens or the baby refuses to eat completely.
Skin covering begins to peel off and noticeably dries up.
Thirst arises.

Causes in children from 2 years

In children from 2 years old, it is easier to determine the reasons why the stomach hurts and diarrhea appears, since such children can say and show where it hurts, and can also roughly describe their feelings.

At an older age in a child, the reason may be as follows:

Turn climatic conditions, change of residence or change of ordinary drinking water.
Fatty foods, eating green fruits or vegetables, as well as overeating, which leads to bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea begins to appear. In this case, the symptoms should pass in a day.
Infections. When the intestines become infected, they enter pathogenic organisms that are causing the problem. They can get through dirty hands, water and food. If the infection is viral, then it is transmitted through the air. The main factors of infection include abdominal pain of varying intensity, diarrhea with foam and an unpleasant odor, vomiting and fever.
Dysentery. With such a diagnosis, the child begins to have a sharp pain in the stomach, diarrhea is very strong and the temperature rises sharply.
Cholecystitis. The diagnosis speaks of inflammation of the gallbladder and is accompanied by bloating, rumbling in the abdomen, there may be diarrhea and vomiting of bile.
Pancreatitis. The condition indicates inflammation of the pancreas and is characterized by severe discomfort in the abdomen, temperature. The skin of the child becomes pale, everything in the mouth dries up and diarrhea begins.
Appendicitis. With inflammation of the appendix, pain begins in the navel, after which it passes towards the abdomen, it is possible frequent diarrhea, nausea.

There are other factors that cause stomach pain and diarrhea:

Regardless of the cause of the appearance of disorders and other unpleasant sensations, treatment is best done after consulting a doctor.

If diarrhea and pain do not go away within 6 hours, as well as fever and other symptoms, you should immediately call an ambulance.

How to help a baby

If a child has pain in the abdomen, as well as loose stools, then the main thing is not to panic and consult a doctor, but if severe symptoms need to call an ambulance.

Before the visit of the doctor, it is forbidden to carry out the following actions:

Use painkillers, as well as means for fastening feces.
Massage the abdomen with pressure.
Use heat in the form of compresses or heating pads.
Exclude food.

The following tips can be used to alleviate the condition of the child:

Put the baby in bed and leave him alone until the doctors arrive.
After each bowel movement, give water or Regidron to drink so that dehydration does not appear. In order not to cause vomiting, there is no need to give a lot of liquid.
The use of sorbents is allowed, for example, children can be given "Smecta", "Enterosgel" or Activated carbon.
If the temperature rises rapidly, then Paracetamol is used to bring down the heat.
Be sure to adjust the child's diet.
In order to describe the condition of the child, it is necessary to trace how often defecation occurs, what color of feces, consistency and whether there are impurities in them.

As a rule, mild disorders in compliance with the described tips will quickly normalize the baby's condition and by the evening the health should improve, and in a couple of days everything will be as before.

If, after using sorbents and drinking water, the symptoms remain for 1-2 days, then the cause is probably very serious and dangerous.

To establish a diagnosis, it is necessary to pass tests and this must be done quickly so that complications do not appear.

Treatment

After a visit to the doctor, medications may be used, which can cause diarrhea and abdominal pain in children. You will need to use medications strictly in the indicated dosage and on the recommendation of a doctor:

When diagnosing pancreatitis, Panziform, Festal, Mezim are used.
The diagnosis of achilia of the stomach is treated gastric juice, as well as its substitutes.
With a lack of a vitamin, a vitamin complex is used.
The diagnosis of dysbacteriosis is treated with drugs "Bifidumbacterin", "Bifikol".
In general, with diarrhea, it is recommended to take a solution of Regidron, Glucosan.
Treatment of dysentery and other intestinal infections is carried out only with antibiotics.

If you don't want to use medications, then after consultation with the doctor it will be possible to prepare and give traditional medicine to children.

They can establish abdominal pain, diarrhea, and other unpleasant symptoms. To do this, it is enough to use infusions and decoctions of herbs that will relieve inflammation, kill pathogenic bacteria and hold the stool together.

Add 20 grams of blueberries, mint and 30 grams of chamomile per liter of water. After that, leave the product under the lid to brew until the drink is warm. Children need to drink medicine 100 ml three times a day for half an hour before meals.
You can add 6 tsp per liter of boiling water. bird cherry, 4 tsp blueberries. After that, the ingredients must be left for 20 minutes in a water bath. Ready broth should be drunk 4 times a day in a volume of 50-100 ml for each dose.
To fasten the stool, you can use dried pears and prepare compote from them, which can be given to the child in any quantity.
Useful for diarrhea and pain potato starch. For this you need half a glass cold water, add 1 tsp. powder, and after dissolving give a drink. For the result, the remedy is used 3 times a day. Also from potato starch you can make pudding or jelly, which will be more pleasant for children to use.
It is useful for children with diarrhea and abdominal pain to drink a decoction of pomegranate peel. For this, a dry crust is used, without white pulp, in the amount of 1 tsp, which must be poured with 250 ml of water and left to boil for a quarter of an hour. After this, the tool will need to be wrapped in a blanket and left for a couple of hours. Then the drink is filtered and given to children in 1 tbsp, if the child is very small, then the dosage is 1 tsp. three times a day.
It is recommended to prepare rice water, for which you need only 1 tbsp. rice and 500 ml of water. It is necessary to boil the remedy for 40 minutes, after which the drink is filtered, the rice is squeezed out and the child is given 70 ml every 2 hours.

Useful to cook rice porridge without adding salt or oil. Rice has large quantity starch and allows you to fasten feces, envelops the walls of the gastrointestinal tract and protects them, and can also relieve inflammation.

Regardless of the treatment, it is necessary to adjust the diet, which allows children to recover quickly and normalize the stool.

Prevention

When the children's condition returns to normal, diarrhea stops, then you should use therapeutic, dietary food for a few more days.

After that, you can use preventive measures that will not allow the disorder to reappear.

For this you need:

Monitor the hygiene of the child and the products that he is going to use. Dishes, toys, nipples and other items must be clean.
Nutrition should be rational, balanced and not include harmful products. It is especially important to protect children from fast food, fried and fatty foods. It is not recommended to give children processed foods, soda, chips and other foods.
You need to teach your child to drink plenty of water every day. For children, it is recommended to drink from 800 ml per day.
Parents should take care of immune system, so you can from time to time give a complex of vitamins or prepare useful folk remedies, rich in vitamins.

Also, the baby's room should be constantly ventilated and for good immunity I need to take more walks with my baby.

Using the described tips, treatment rules and preventive measures, you can not only determine the causes of indigestion and pain, but also quickly stop them, and also prevent their recurrence.

Useful video

The most common cause of illness in children is discomfort in a stomach. They occur at any age and can be caused by various factors, so only a qualified pediatrician can accurately determine the nature of the pain.

Why does my stomach hurt

Before trying to determine the cause of pain, it is necessary to find out how intense they are, where they are localized. With severe pain, babies, as a rule, prefer to lie down, taking not very comfortable postures. They turn and stand up, while the children are very careful, slowly. The symptom may be acute (dagger pain), dull aching or stabbing.

It is important to determine the cause of pain to track where their epicenter is located. So, left side peritoneum may indicate bowel obstruction/inflammation. In addition, the pancreas is located on the left, which is also capable of giving unpleasant symptoms. With pain on the right, this can also indicate problems with the intestines, but if the symptom is localized in this area, in addition, pathologies of the liver and gallbladder or tracts are possible (for example, dyskinesia, cholecystitis, etc.)

If the child has a fever and a stomach ache, then an intestinal infection or appendicitis is likely. In any case, if such signs occur, parents should immediately call a doctor who can determine the cause of the baby's ailment. If, in addition to the main symptoms, there is blood in the child’s stool or vomit, this is a good reason to urgently call an ambulance.

In the navel

The main causes of pain in the navel are overeating or incomplete / untimely bowel movements. The treatment in this case is simple: it is necessary to reduce the amount of food given to the child, stop snacking between main meals, and remove fatty foods from the diet. If after that the baby still has pain around the navel, give him an enema (even if he often empties his intestines) - this will help alleviate the patient's condition. An alternative option is to give your son or daughter mild laxatives.

Other diseases sometimes indicated by pain below the navel are:

intestinal hernia(it is provoked by constipation, diarrhea, dysbacteriosis, malfunctions of the digestive process);
umbilical hernia(it happens in babies who often cry and thereby strain the tummy);
intervertebral hernia(sometimes pinched nerves in the spine are given by soreness below abdominal cavity);
appendicitis (this is possible if the child complains that he has pain in the lower abdomen, which is accompanied elevated temperature);
gastroduodenitis (with prolonged pain below the navel, inflammation of the gastric mucosa can be assumed, the symptom often manifests itself after eating).

Cramping pains

If in the background normal state health, the child has bouts of pain in the abdomen, this may indicate intestinal intussusception (the introduction of one area of \u200b\u200bthe intestine into another due to a violation of the peristalsis of the organ). Sometimes attacks are accompanied by vomiting, an increase in body temperature, while at the beginning of the disease the stool may not differ from normal. Acute cramping abdominal pain in children under 12 months of age is expressed by causeless crying / screaming, constant anxiety, bad dream, pulling the legs to chest.

With intussusception, the seizures subside as abruptly as they appear: the children calm down, they begin to eat and play normally again. Periodicity pain syndrome- this is the main symptom of this disease. In the course of the development of pathology, attacks become more frequent, becoming longer, pronounced. As a rule, the disease affects children 6-12 months old, the cause of which is the incorrect introduction of complementary foods containing fruit / vegetable components.

Vomiting and diarrhea in a child

If these symptoms are not accompanied by fever, then the causes of them may be great amount. When a baby has a stomach ache and diarrhea, this does not necessarily indicate the presence of any pathology (only a doctor can accurately diagnose). most common cause liquid stool and nausea is Escherichia coli, which often manifests itself in the summer season. The reason for this is insufficient hand hygiene or the consumption of dirty fruits.

In addition to diarrhea and vomiting, the child sometimes has a fever, dehydration of the body begins, an admixture of blood or mucus is sometimes observed in the feces, and general state will be lethargic. When infected coli Each meal ends with a bowel movement. The cause of these symptoms can be poisoning with stale food, poisons or medicines (antibiotics). In this case, the symptoms appear within a couple of hours after the toxins enter the body.

Sharp pain

As a rule, colic or cramps in the stomach in children occur due to intestinal obstruction. The first pathology often occurs in children 6-12 months old and is accompanied by nausea / vomiting, the second, as a rule, is diagnosed in infants under one year old. If 2 hours after the appearance of pain, the child's condition has not improved and the tummy continues to hurt, the baby should be taken to the doctor for examination.

In the morning

If a child complains of abdominal pain that occurs in the morning, there may be several reasons for this. The most common among them are:

allergy;
intestinal infection;
upset stomach;
appendicitis;
helminthic invasion.

Sometimes children have a stomach ache in the morning due to nervousness associated with unwillingness to attend kindergarten / school. The reasons for this are problems with teachers, peers, so parents should talk with the child and try to find out the causes, intensity, localization of pain. If it is very strong, while the baby lying down takes unnatural positions, slowly, carefully rises and turns over, you need to show it to the pediatrician. In some cases, these signs indicate appendicitis or peritonitis.

Persistent abdominal pain

The reasons that the baby often has a stomach ache can be as serious pathologies, and mild violation of the digestive process. The most common factors causing a symptom, are:

In small children, the stomach often hurts, while the symptom quickly disappears on its own, without bringing serious consequences. Even an unwashed apple can cause pain. However, if a child has a fever and a stomach ache, this indicates the presence of a chronic or acute illness. At the same time, children's activity decreases, constipation or diarrhea begins, vomiting, nausea, weakness occurs, the skin turns pale. With such symptoms, parents, as a rule, go to the doctor, they are typical for:

appendicitis;
pneumococcal or streptococcal peritonitis (inflammation of the abdominal mucosa);
acute diverticulitis (protrusion of the wall of the large intestine due to improper development body);
acute cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder, in which the abdomen hurts in the right upper quadrant);
acute pancreatitis(inflammation of the pancreas, which is characterized by girdle pain and a slight fever);
intestinal infection (begins severe diarrhea or constipation, the stomach hurts incessantly, the temperature rises);
various infectious diseases such as acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis, measles, whooping cough (with mesadenitis abdominal lymph nodes become inflamed and the tummy starts to hurt).

When walking

After excessive exercise, with vomiting, coughing, stretching sometimes occurs abdominal muscles resulting in abdominal pain when walking and running. In this case, the child's appetite remains normal and general well-being does not deviate from the norm. If the stomach starts to hurt after eating fatty / fried foods, the doctor suggests dysfunction of the biliary tract, in which children complain of pain in the right hypochondrium, which manifests itself while running or walking.

At night

If in the evening abdominal pain begins in a child, many pathologies can be assumed. Along with diseases of the digestive tract, pain syndrome can cause such factors:

It is not uncommon for a child to have a stomachache at night in adolescence and preschool age due to neuroses that arise from difficult relationships with peers. Conflicts with classmates or teachers serve as a strong stress factor of a neurotic nature, which provokes serious consequences type acute pain at night or early in the morning (before the start of the school day).

After meal

In children, such pains sometimes indicate the presence of an infection or inflammatory processes in the digestive tract. In addition, the characteristic symptoms for this is a complete lack of appetite, a state of anxiety. If a child has a stomach ache after eating, it is necessary to show it to the doctor, since the disease itself will not go away. With an acute abdomen, this should be done immediately (the symptom is manifested by a constant, severe pain syndrome). This symptom is typical for appendicitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and other dangerous pathologies.

Newborn

In infants, such phenomena are not uncommon and, as a rule, there is no reason to panic. If a newborn has a tummy ache, he tightens his legs and cries loudly. Often, babies are particularly uncomfortable with gases that are formed from breast milk carbohydrates (especially a lot of them in the initial portions). During breastfeeding, mothers need to be especially careful when compiling their menu in order to prevent the development of colic or food allergies in the child. In addition, a woman must:

reduce to a minimum the consumption of sweets, potatoes, pasta;
give up coffee, chocolate, hot spices, cocoa;
fill the menu fresh fruit, greens, while citrus fruits should be consumed to a minimum;
carefully you should eat all red berries, vegetables, fruits;
it is better to give up beans, eggplants, bread for a while, sauerkraut, grapes, sausages.

What to do if your stomach hurts

As a rule, parents are able to eliminate the pain syndrome on their own, but this is acceptable only in cases where the symptom is not accompanied by fever or incessant vomiting. Often the child's tummy hurts when increased gas formation and the symptom disappears within a couple of hours after going to the toilet. At the same time, there is no need to call a doctor, you just need to feed the baby with liquid food and reassure.

What to do with abdominal pain to alleviate the condition of the child? It is impossible to give any pills to the baby without doctor's prescriptions. It is better to give a boy or girl an enema (this does not apply to babies - they should not perform the procedure without the permission of a doctor). If constipation became the cause of the pain syndrome, supplement the child's menu raw vegetables, apricots, apples.

If you have diarrhea, give your baby more fluids in small amounts and often. Neurotic pains are perfectly removed with infusion of motherwort and valerian. In addition, the child should be given a glass before bedtime. warm milk with honey. To neutralize stress, walk with your baby in the fresh air more often, make him cold and hot shower, reduce the time you spend watching TV, forbid playing on your computer before going to bed.

What to give a child with stomach pain

The medicine for abdominal pain for children should definitely be in the first-aid kit of parents. Treatment of colic and bloating involves taking light medications for the baby. Their use must be agreed with the doctor. What helps with stomach pain:

Disflatil;
Espumizan;
Festal;
Enterosgel;
Mezim;
Laktovit;
Linex;
Activated carbon;
No-shpa;
Furazolidone.

First aid

If a child has a tummy ache against the background of impaired digestion, parents need to carefully monitor the diet of their child: exclude all gas-producing foods (milk, pickles, beans, bread, kvass, mushrooms) from the menu, supplement it with fiber. What to do with the onset of an acute abdomen? First aid for pain in the stomach is to call an ambulance. Only a doctor is able to determine the cause of acute pain and select suitable treatment. Until the ambulance arrives, it is only allowed to apply an ice pack to the baby's stomach to alleviate his condition.

What can you eat when your stomach hurts

Each pathology has specific diet selected by a gastroenterologist. If the cause of pain in a child was a violation of digestion or mild poisoning you don't need to contact a specialist. What can you eat when your stomach hurts:

lean soups on vegetables;
liquid cereals (semolina, oatmeal, rice, buckwheat);
boiled, steam vegetables, except cabbage;
some crackers;
lean fish;
scrambled eggs, boiled soft-boiled eggs;
lean meat (a week after poisoning);
herbal decoctions, teas;
honey, jelly;
baked fruit.