Types of bacteria - good and bad. Harmful microorganisms

The word "bacteria" in most people is associated with something unpleasant and a threat to health. At best, sour-milk products are remembered. At worst - dysbacteriosis, plague, dysentery and other troubles. Bacteria are everywhere, good and bad. What can microorganisms hide?

What is bacteria

Man and bacteria

The appearance of bacteria in the body

Useful bacteria are: lactic acid, bifidobacteria, E. coli, streptomycents, mycorrhiza, cyanobacteria.

All of them play an important role in human life. Some of them prevent the occurrence of infections, others are used in the production of medicines, and others maintain a balance in the ecosystem of our planet.

Types of harmful bacteria

Harmful bacteria can cause a number of serious diseases in humans. For example, diphtheria, anthrax, tonsillitis, plague and many others. They are easily transmitted from an infected person through air, food, touch. It is the harmful bacteria, whose names will be given below, that spoil food. They give off an unpleasant odor, rot and decompose, and cause disease.

Bacteria can be gram-positive, gram-negative, rod-shaped.

Names of harmful bacteria

Table. Harmful bacteria for humans. Titles

Titles	Habitat	Harm
Mycobacteria	food, water	tuberculosis, leprosy, ulcer
tetanus bacillus	soil, skin, digestive tract	tetanus, muscle spasms, respiratory failure
Plague wand (considered by experts as a biological weapon)	only in humans, rodents and mammals	bubonic plague, pneumonia, skin infections
Helicobacter pylori	human stomach lining	gastritis, peptic ulcer, produces cytotoxins, ammonia
anthrax bacillus	the soil	anthrax
botulism stick	food, contaminated dishes	poisoning

Harmful bacteria are able to stay in the body for a long time and absorb useful substances from it. However, they can cause an infectious disease.

The most dangerous bacteria

One of the most resistant bacteria is methicillin. It is better known under the name "Staphylococcus aureus" (Staphylococcus aureus). This microorganism is capable of causing not one, but several infectious diseases. Some types of these bacteria are resistant to powerful antibiotics and antiseptics. Strains of this bacterium can live in the upper respiratory tract, open wounds and urinary tracts of every third inhabitant of the Earth. For a person with a strong immune system, this is not dangerous.

Harmful bacteria to humans are also pathogens called Salmonella typhi. They are the causative agents of acute intestinal infections and typhoid fever. These types of bacteria that are harmful to humans are dangerous because they produce toxic substances that are extremely life-threatening. During the course of the disease, intoxication of the body occurs, a very strong fever, rashes on the body, the liver and spleen increase. The bacterium is very resistant to various external influences. It lives well in water, on vegetables, fruits and reproduces well in milk products.

Clostridium tetan is also one of the most dangerous bacteria. It produces a poison called tetanus exotoxin. People who become infected with this pathogen experience terrible pain, convulsions and die very hard. The disease is called tetanus. Despite the fact that the vaccine was created back in 1890, every year on Earth 60 thousand people die from it.

And another bacterium that can lead to human death is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It causes tuberculosis, which is resistant to drugs. If you do not seek help in a timely manner, a person may die.

Measures to prevent the spread of infections

Harmful bacteria, the names of microorganisms are studied from the student bench by physicians of all directions. Every year, healthcare is looking for new methods to prevent the spread of infections that are dangerous to human life. With the observance of preventive measures, you will not have to waste your energy on finding new ways to deal with such diseases.

To do this, it is necessary to identify the source of the infection in time, determine the circle of the sick and possible victims. It is imperative to isolate those who are infected and disinfect the source of infection.

The second stage is the destruction of the ways through which harmful bacteria can be transmitted. To do this, carry out appropriate propaganda among the population.

Food facilities, reservoirs, warehouses with food storage are taken under control.

Each person can resist harmful bacteria in every possible way strengthening their immunity. Healthy lifestyle, observance of elementary hygiene rules, self-protection during sexual contact, use of sterile disposable medical instruments and equipment, complete restriction from communication with quarantined people. When entering the epidemiological region or the focus of infection, it is necessary to strictly comply with all the requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological services. A number of infections are equated in their impact to bacteriological weapons.

What are bacteria: names and types

The oldest living organism on our planet. Its representatives not only survived for billions of years, but also have enough power to destroy all other species on Earth. In this article, we will look at what bacteria are.

Let's talk about their structure, functions, and also name some useful and harmful types.

Discovery of bacteria

Types of bacteria in urine

Structure

Metabolism

reproduction

Place in the world

Earlier, we figured out what bacteria are. Now it is worth talking about what role they play in nature.

Researchers say that bacteria are the first living organisms that appeared on our planet. There are both aerobic and anaerobic varieties. Therefore, single-celled beings are able to survive various cataclysms that occur with the Earth.

The undoubted benefit of bacteria lies in the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen. They are involved in the formation of soil fertility, the destruction of the remains of dead representatives of flora and fauna. In addition, microorganisms are involved in the creation of minerals and are responsible for maintaining the supply of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of our planet.

The total biomass of prokaryotes is about five hundred billion tons. It stores more than eighty percent of phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon.

However, on Earth there are not only beneficial, but also pathogenic species of bacteria. They cause many deadly diseases. For example, among those are tuberculosis, leprosy, plague, syphilis, anthrax, and many others. But even those that are conditionally safe for human life can become a threat when the level of immunity decreases.

There are also bacteria that infect animals, birds, fish and plants. Thus, microorganisms are not only in symbiosis with more developed beings. Next, we will talk about what pathogenic bacteria are, as well as useful representatives of this type of microorganisms.

Bacteria and man

Even at school they teach what bacteria are. Grade 3 knows all sorts of cyanobacteria and other unicellular organisms, their structure and reproduction. Now we will talk about the practical side of the issue.

Half a century ago, no one thought about such a question as the state of the microflora in the intestines. Everything was OK. Nutrition is more natural and healthy, a minimum of hormones and antibiotics, less chemical emissions into the environment.

Today, in conditions of poor nutrition, stress, an overabundance of antibiotics, dysbacteriosis and related problems come to the fore. How do doctors propose to deal with this?

One of the main answers is the use of probiotics. This is a special complex that repopulates the human intestines with beneficial bacteria.

Such an intervention can help with such unpleasant moments as food allergies, lactose intolerance, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and other ailments.

Let's now touch on what beneficial bacteria are, and also learn about their impact on health.

Three types of microorganisms have been studied in the most detail and widely used for a positive effect on the human body - acidophilus, Bulgarian bacillus and bifidobacteria.

The first two are designed to stimulate the immune system, as well as reduce the growth of some harmful microorganisms like yeast, E. coli, and so on. Bifidobacteria are responsible for the digestion of lactose, the production of certain vitamins, and the reduction of cholesterol.

harmful bacteria

Earlier we talked about what bacteria are. The types and names of the most common beneficial microorganisms were announced above. Further, we will talk about the "unicellular enemies" of man.

There are those that are harmful only to humans, there are deadly to animals or plants. People have learned to use the latter, in particular, to destroy weeds and annoying insects.

Before delving into what harmful bacteria are, it is worth deciding on the ways they spread. And there are a lot of those. There are microorganisms that are transmitted through contaminated and unwashed products, airborne and contact routes, through water, soil or insect bites.

The worst thing is that just one cell, once in a favorable environment of the human body, is able to multiply up to several million bacteria within just a few hours.

If we talk about what bacteria are, the names of pathogenic and beneficial ones are difficult to distinguish for a non-professional. In science, Latin terms are used to refer to microorganisms. In common parlance, abstruse words are replaced by concepts - "E. coli", "causative agents" of cholera, whooping cough, tuberculosis and others.

Preventive measures to prevent the disease are of three types. These are vaccinations and vaccines, interruption of transmission routes (gauze bandages, gloves) and quarantine.

Where do bacteria in urine come from?

What bacteria are useful

Bacteria are everywhere - a similar slogan we hear from infancy. By all means we are trying to resist these microorganisms by sterilizing the environment. And is it necessary to do so?

There are bacteria that are protectors and helpers, both of man and the world around him. These living microorganisms shelter man and nature in millions of colonies. They are active participants in all ongoing processes on the planet and directly in the body of any living being. Their goal is to be responsible for the correct course of life processes and to be everywhere where they cannot be dispensed with.

The vast world of bacteria

According to studies conducted regularly by scientists, there are more than two and a half kilograms of various bacteria in the human body.

All bacteria are involved in life processes. For example, some help in the digestion of food, others are active assistants in the production of vitamins, and others act as defenders against harmful viruses and microorganisms.

One of the very useful living creatures that exist in the external environment is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium, which is found in the root nodules of plants that release nitrogen necessary for human respiration into the atmosphere.

There is another group of microorganisms that is associated with the digestion of waste organic compounds, helping to maintain soil fertility at an appropriate level. It includes nitrogen-fixing microbes.

Medicinal and food bacteria

Other microorganisms are actively involved in the process of obtaining antibiotics - these are streptomycin and tetracycline. These bacteria are called Streptomyces and belong to soil bacteria that are used in the manufacture of not only antibiotics, but also products in industrial and food production.

For these food industries, the bacterium Lactobacillis, which is involved in fermentation processes, is widely used. Therefore, it is in demand in the manufacture of yogurt, beer, cheese, wine.

All these representatives of microorganism helpers live by their own strict rules. Violation of their balance leads to the most negative phenomena. First of all, discbacteriosis is caused in the human body, the consequences of which are sometimes irreversible.

Secondly, all the restorative functions of a person associated with internal or external organs, with an imbalance of beneficial bacteria, are much more difficult. The same applies to a group that is involved in food production.

In our world there is a huge number of bacteria. Some of them are good and some are bad. Some we know better, others worse. In our article, we have compiled a list of the most famous bacteria living among us and in our body. The article is written with a share of humor, so do not judge strictly.

Provides "face - control" in your insides

Lactobacilli (Lactobacillus plantarum) living in the human digestive tract since prehistoric times, do a great and important job. Like vampire garlic, they scare away pathogenic bacteria, preventing them from settling in your stomach and upsetting your intestines. welcome! Pickles and tomatoes and sauerkraut will bolster the strength of bouncers, but know that hard training and stress from exercise will shorten their ranks. Add some blackcurrant to your protein shake. These berries reduce fitness stress due to their antioxidant content.

2. PROTECTOR OF THE BELLY Helicobacter pylori

Stop hunger pangs at 3 p.m.

Another bacteria living in the digestive tract, Helicobacter pylori, develops from your childhood and helps you maintain a healthy weight throughout your life by controlling the hormones responsible for feeling hungry! Eat 1 apple every day.

These fruits produce lactic acid in the stomach, in which most harmful bacteria cannot survive, but which Helicobacter pylori adores. However, keep H. pylori within limits, they can work against you and cause stomach ulcers. Make scrambled eggs with spinach for breakfast: the nitrates from these green leaves thicken the walls of the stomach, protecting it from excess lactic acid.

3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa head

Likes showers, hot tubs and pools

The warm-water bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa crawls under the scalp through the pores of the hair follicles, causing an infection accompanied by itching and pain in the affected areas.

Don't want to put on a bathing cap every time you take a bath? Fend off a comber intrusion with a chicken or salmon and egg sandwich. A large amount of protein is necessary for the follicles to be healthy and effectively fight foreign bodies. Don't forget about fatty acids, which are absolutely essential for a healthy scalp. This will help you 4 cans of canned tuna or 4 medium avocados per week. No more.

4. Harmful bacteria Corynebacterium minutissimum

High tech protozoan

Harmful bacteria can lurk in the most unexpected places. For example, Corynebacterium minutissimum, which causes a rash, loves to live on the touchscreens of phones and tablet computers. Destroy them!

Strangely, no one has yet developed a free application that fights these germs. But many companies produce cases for phones and tablets with an antibacterial coating, which is guaranteed to stop the growth of bacteria. And try not to rub your hands together when you dry them after washing - it can reduce the bacteria population by 37%.

5. NOBLE CRAUNT Escherichia coli

Good bad bacteria

The bacterium Escherichia coli is believed to cause tens of thousands of infectious diseases every year. But it only gives us problems when it finds a way to leave the colon and mutate into a disease-causing strain. Normally, it is quite useful for life and provides the body with vitamin K, which maintains the health of the arteries, preventing heart attacks.

To keep this headline bacterium in check, include legumes in your diet five times a week. The fiber in the beans is not broken down, but moves to the large intestine, where E. coli can feast on it and continue their normal reproductive cycle. Black beans are the richest in fiber, then Ithlim, or moon-shaped, and only then is the usual red bean that we are used to. Legumes not only keep bacteria in check, but also limit your afternoon appetite with their fiber, and increase the efficiency of the absorption of nutrients by the body.

6. BURNING Staphylococcusaureus

Eats the youth of your skin

Most often, boils and pimples are caused by the bacterium Staphylococcusaureus, which lives on the skin of most people. Acne is, of course, unpleasant, but, having penetrated through damaged skin into the body, this bacterium can cause more serious diseases: pneumonia and meningitis.

The natural antibiotic dermicidin, which is toxic to these bacteria, is found in human sweat. At least once a week, include high-intensity exercises in your workout, trying to work at 85% of your maximum capacity. And always use a clean towel.

7. MICROBE - BURNER Bifidobacterium animalis

® Lives in fermented milk products

Bifidobacterium animalis bacteria inhabit the contents of cans of yogurt, bottles of kefir, curdled milk, fermented baked milk and other similar products. They reduce the time of passage of food through the colon by 21%. Food does not stagnate, there is no formation of excess gases - you are less likely to experience the problem code-named "Feast of the Spirit."

The beneficial bacteria that inhabit the human body are called the microbiota. In terms of their number, they are quite extensive - one person has millions of them. At the same time, they all regulate the health and normal life of each individual. Scientists say: without beneficial bacteria, or, as they are also called, mutualists, the gastrointestinal tract, skin, respiratory tract would be instantly attacked by pathogenic microbes and would be destroyed.

What should be the balance of the microbiota in the body and how it can be adjusted to avoid the development of serious diseases, AiF.ru asked Director General of biomedical holding Sergey Musienko.

gut workers

One of the important parts of the location of beneficial bacteria is the intestines. No wonder it is believed that it is here that the entire human immune system is laid. And if the bacterial environment is disturbed, then the body's defenses are significantly reduced.

Beneficial intestinal bacteria create literally unbearable living conditions for pathogenic microbes - an acidic environment. In addition, beneficial microorganisms help digest plant foods, as bacteria feed on plant cells containing cellulose, but intestinal enzymes alone cannot cope with this. Also, intestinal bacteria contribute to the production of vitamins B and K, which provide metabolism in bones and connective tissues, as well as release energy from carbohydrates and contribute to the synthesis of antibodies and regulation of the nervous system.

Most often, speaking of beneficial intestinal bacteria, they mean the 2 most popular types: bifidus and lactobacilli. At the same time, as many people think, it is impossible to call them the main ones - their number is only 5-15% of the total. However, they are very important, since their positive effect on other bacteria has been proven, when such bacteria can be important factors in the well-being of the whole community: if they are fed or introduced into the body with fermented milk products - kefirs or yogurts, they help other important bacteria survive and multiply. . So, for example, it is very important to restore their population during dysbacteriosis or after a course of antibiotics. Otherwise, it will be problematic to increase the body's defenses.

biological shield

The bacteria that inhabit the human skin and respiratory tract, in fact, stand guard and reliably protect their area of responsibility from the penetration of pathogens. The main ones are micrococci, streptococci and staphylococci.

The skin microbiome has changed over the past hundreds of years as humans have moved from a natural life in contact with nature to regular washing with special products. It is believed that now human skin is inhabited by completely different bacteria that lived before. The body's immune system can distinguish between dangerous and non-dangerous. But, on the other hand, any streptococcus can become pathogenic for humans, for example, if it gets into a cut or any other open wound on the skin. An excess of bacteria or their pathological activity on the skin and in the respiratory tract can lead to the development of various diseases, as well as to the appearance of an unpleasant odor. Today there are developments based on bacteria that oxidize ammonium. Their use allows you to seed the skin microbiome with completely new organisms, as a result of which not only the smell disappears (the result of the metabolism of urban flora), but also the structure of the skin changes - pores open, etc.

Rescue of the microworld

The microcosm of each person is changing quite quickly. And this has undoubted advantages, since the number of bacteria can be updated independently.

Different bacteria feed on different substances - the more diverse a person's food and the more it matches the season, the more choice there is for beneficial microorganisms. However, if the food is heavily loaded with antibiotics or preservatives, the bacteria will not survive, because these substances are just designed to destroy them. And it does not matter at all that most of the bacteria are not pathogenic. As a result, the diversity of the inner world of man is destroyed. And after this, various diseases begin - problems with stools, skin rashes, metabolic disorders, allergic reactions, etc.

But the microbiota can be helped. And it will take only a few days for an easy correction.

There are a large number of probiotics (with live bacteria) and prebiotics (substances that support bacteria). But the main problem is that they work differently for everyone. The analysis shows that their effectiveness in dysbacteriosis is up to 70-80%, that is, one or another drug may work, or it may not. And here you should carefully monitor the course of treatment and intake - if the funds work, you will immediately notice improvements. If the situation remains unchanged, it is worth changing the treatment program.

Alternatively, you can undergo special testing that studies the genomes of bacteria, determines their composition and ratio. This allows you to quickly and competently select the necessary nutritional option and additional therapy, which will restore the delicate balance. Although a person does not feel slight disturbances in the balance of bacteria, they still affect health - in this case, frequent illnesses, drowsiness, and allergic manifestations can be noted. Every resident of the city, to one degree or another, has an imbalance in the body, and if he does not specifically do anything to restore, then surely from a certain age he will have health problems.

Fasting, unloading, more vegetables, porridge from natural cereals in the morning - these are just a few of the eating behaviors that beneficial bacteria love. But for each person, the diet should be individual in accordance with the state of his body and with his lifestyle - only then can he maintain an optimal balance and always feel good.

Margin of safety

Who lives in the gut?

"Wise" Neighbors

Permanent microflora

What are they doing?

Fickle microflora

Location in the gastrointestinal tract

The role of bacteria in nature

Participation in food chains

cyanobacteria

More than 2 kilograms of these microscopic creatures live in the human body! Moreover, most of them do not bring any harm, but live in peace and harmony with the owner of the body. But what are they for? What are the benefits and harms of bacteria to humans?

The role of bacteria living inside us

All microorganisms inhabiting a person from the inside can be divided into two categories:

Bacteria that bring tangible benefits to their host. They help a person to absorb and digest food, as well as synthesize useful vitamins. The most well-known bacterium with such properties is Escherichia coli. And the intestinal microflora is inhabited by various bacteroids, lacto- and bifidobacteria. Their benefit is to strengthen the immune system. They also reduce the risk of dangerous microbes entering. Excessive use of antibiotics or other chemicals can lead to the death of beneficial bacteria. As a result, dysbacteriosis develops (diarrhea, constipation, nausea) and the human immune system suffers.
- gonorrhea;
- whooping cough;
- diphtheria;
- cholera;
- plague and many other diseases.

Once in the body of animals, microbes again bring great harm. They become the source of infection with diseases such as anthrax and brucellosis (and many others). Eating the meat of an infected animal can cause serious harm to human health.

The importance of bacteria in various areas of life

There are many bacterial preparations that help control pests in agriculture and forestry. Some of these microscopic creatures are used for ensiling green fodder. And to purify wastewater, a special type of bacteria is used that decomposes organic residues and helps control the level of pollution of water bodies. And even in modern medicine, microorganisms are actively used for the manufacture of various vitamins, antibiotics and other drugs.

Not all bacteria are beneficial and serve the benefit of people. There are also those that harm food, cause decay of organic matter and produce poison in the process. Eating poor-quality food leads to poisoning of the body. In some cases, the result is even sad - a fatal outcome. To protect yourself and your loved ones from the harm caused by bad bacteria, as well as maintain the natural balance of beneficial creatures in the body, you must:

Home » Harmful » Harm of bacteria

Beneficial and harmful bacteria. What bacteria are the most dangerous to humans

What is bacteria

Bacteria in Greek means "stick". This name does not mean that harmful bacteria are meant. This name was given to them because of the shape. Most of these single cells look like rods. They also come in the form of triangles, squares, stellate cells. For a billion years, bacteria do not change their external appearance, they can only change internally. They can be mobile and immobile. A bacterium consists of one cell. Outside, it is covered with a thin shell. This allows her to keep her shape. Inside the cell there is no nucleus, chlorophyll. There are ribosomes, vacuoles, outgrowths of the cytoplasm, protoplasm. The largest bacterium was found in 1999. It was called the "Gray Pearl of Namibia". Bacteria and bacillus mean the same thing, only they have a different origin.

Man and bacteria

In our body, there is a constant struggle between harmful and beneficial bacteria. Through this process, a person receives protection from various infections. Various microorganisms surround us at every step. They live on clothes, they fly in the air, they are omnipresent.

The presence of bacteria in the mouth, and this is about forty thousand microorganisms, protects the gums from bleeding, from periodontal disease and even from tonsillitis. If a woman's microflora is disturbed, she may develop gynecological diseases. Compliance with the basic rules of personal hygiene will help to avoid such failures.

Human immunity depends entirely on the state of the microflora. Almost 60% of all bacteria are found in the gastrointestinal tract alone. The rest are located in the respiratory system and in the genital. About two kilograms of bacteria live in a person.

The appearance of bacteria in the body

A newly born baby has a sterile intestine. After his first breath, many microorganisms enter the body, with which he was not previously familiar. When the baby is first attached to the breast, the mother transfers beneficial bacteria with milk that will help normalize the intestinal microflora. No wonder doctors insist that the mother immediately after the birth of her child breastfeed him. They also recommend extending such feeding as long as possible.

Beneficial bacteria

Useful bacteria are: lactic acid, bifidobacteria, E. coli, streptomycents, mycorrhiza, cyanobacteria.

Types of harmful bacteria

Bacteria can be gram-positive, gram-negative, rod-shaped.

Names of harmful bacteria

Table. Harmful bacteria for humans. Titles

Titles	Habitat	Harm
Mycobacteria	food, water	tuberculosis, leprosy, ulcer
tetanus bacillus	soil, skin, digestive tract	tetanus, muscle spasms, respiratory failure
Plague wand (considered by experts as a biological weapon)	only in humans, rodents and mammals	bubonic plague, pneumonia, skin infections
Helicobacter pylori	human stomach lining	gastritis, peptic ulcer, produces cytotoxins, ammonia
anthrax bacillus	the soil	anthrax
botulism stick	food, contaminated dishes	poisoning

Harmful bacteria are able to stay in the body for a long time and absorb useful substances from it. However, they can cause an infectious disease.

The most dangerous bacteria

And another bacterium that can lead to human death is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It causes tuberculosis, which is resistant to drugs. If you do not seek help in a timely manner, a person may die.

Measures to prevent the spread of infections

The second stage is the destruction of the ways through which harmful bacteria can be transmitted. To do this, carry out appropriate propaganda among the population.

Food facilities, reservoirs, warehouses with food storage are taken under control.

Bacteria are beneficial and harmful. Bacteria in human life

Bacteria are the most numerous inhabitants of the planet Earth. They inhabited it in ancient times and continue to exist to this day. Some species have even changed little since then. Good and bad bacteria literally surround us everywhere (and even penetrate into other organisms). With a rather primitive unicellular structure, they are probably one of the most effective forms of wildlife and stand out in a special kingdom.

Margin of safety

These microorganisms, as they say, do not sink in water and do not burn in fire. Literally: withstand temperatures up to plus 90 degrees, freezing, lack of oxygen, pressure - high and low. We can say that nature has invested a huge margin of safety in them.

Bacteria beneficial and harmful to the human body

As a rule, the bacteria that inhabit our bodies in abundance are not given due attention. After all, they are so small that they seem to have no significant significance. Those who think so are largely mistaken. Bacteria useful and harmful have long and reliably “colonized” other organisms and successfully coexist with them. Yes, they cannot be seen without the help of optics, but they can benefit or harm our body.

Who lives in the gut?

Doctors say that if you put together just the bacteria that live in the intestines and weigh it, you get something like three kilograms! With such a huge army it is impossible to ignore. Many of the microorganisms continuously entered the human intestine, but only a few species find favorable conditions for living and living there. And in the process of evolution, they even formed a permanent microflora, which is designed to perform important physiological functions.

"Wise" Neighbors

Bacteria have long played an important role in human life, although until very recently, people did not know about it. They help their host in digestion and perform a number of other functions. What are these invisible neighbors?

Permanent microflora

99% of the population lives permanently in the intestines. They are ardent supporters and helpers of man.

Essential beneficial bacteria. Names: bifidobacteria and bacteroids. They are the vast majority.
Associated beneficial bacteria. Names: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus. Their number should be 1-9% of the total.

It is also necessary to know that under appropriate negative conditions, all these representatives of the intestinal flora (with the exception of bifidobacteria) can cause diseases.

What are they doing?

The main function of these bacteria is to help us in the process of digestion. It is noticed that a person with improper nutrition can develop dysbacteriosis. As a result, stagnation and poor health, constipation and other inconveniences. With the normalization of a balanced diet, the disease, as a rule, recedes.

Another function of these bacteria is watchdog. They keep track of which bacteria are beneficial. To ensure that "strangers" do not penetrate their community. If, for example, the causative agent of dysentery, Shigella Sonne, tries to enter the intestines, they kill it. However, it is worth noting that this happens only in the body of a relatively healthy person, with good immunity. Otherwise, the risk of getting sick increases significantly.

Fickle microflora

Approximately 1% in the body of a healthy individual are the so-called opportunistic microbes. They belong to the unstable microflora. Under normal conditions, they perform certain functions that do not harm a person, work for the good. But in a certain situation, they can manifest themselves as pests. These are mainly staphylococci and various kinds of fungi.

Location in the gastrointestinal tract

In fact, the entire digestive tract has a heterogeneous and unstable microflora - beneficial and harmful bacteria. The esophagus contains the same inhabitants as in the oral cavity. In the stomach there are only a few that are resistant to acid: lactobacilli, Helicobacter pylori, streptococci, fungi. In the small intestine, the microflora is also not numerous. Most bacteria are found in the large intestine. So, defecation, a person is able to allocate over 15 trillion microorganisms per day!

The role of bacteria in nature

She is also definitely great. There are several global functions, without which all life on the planet would have ceased to exist long ago. The most important is sanitation. Bacteria eat dead organisms found in nature. They, in essence, work as a kind of janitors, not allowing deposits of dead cells to accumulate. Scientifically they are called saprotrophs.

Another important role of bacteria is participation in the global circulation of substances on land and at sea. On planet Earth, all substances in the biosphere pass from one organism to another. Without some bacteria, this transition would simply be impossible. The role of bacteria is invaluable, for example, in the circulation and reproduction of such an important element as nitrogen. There are certain bacteria in the soil that convert the nitrogen in the air into nitrogenous fertilizers for plants (microorganisms live right in their roots). This symbiosis between plants and bacteria is being studied by science.

Participation in food chains

As already mentioned, bacteria are the most numerous inhabitants of the biosphere. And accordingly, they can and should participate in the food chains inherent in the nature of animals and plants. Of course, for a person, for example, bacteria are not the main part of the diet (unless they can be used as a food additive). However, there are organisms that feed on bacteria. These organisms, in turn, feed on other animals.

cyanobacteria

These blue-green algae (an outdated name for these bacteria, fundamentally wrong from a scientific point of view) are able to produce huge amounts of oxygen as a result of photosynthesis. Once upon a time, it was they who began to saturate our atmosphere with oxygen. Cyanobacteria continue to do this successfully to this day, forming a certain part of the oxygen in the modern atmosphere!

Bacteria in nature are harmful and beneficial to humans

Most people consider different bacterial organisms solely as harmful particles that can provoke the development of various pathological conditions. Nevertheless, according to scientists, the world of these organisms is very diverse. There are frankly dangerous bacteria that pose a danger to our body, but there are also useful ones - those that ensure the normal functioning of our organs and systems. Let's try to understand a little about these concepts and consider certain types of such organisms. Let's talk about bacteria in nature, harmful and beneficial to humans.

Beneficial bacteria

Scientists say that bacteria became the very first inhabitants of our large planet, and it is thanks to them that there is life on Earth now. Over the course of many millions of years, these organisms gradually adapted to the constantly changing conditions of existence, they changed their appearance and habitat. Bacteria were able to adapt to the surrounding space and were able to develop new and unique life support methods, including multiple biochemical reactions - catalysis, photosynthesis, and even seemingly simple respiration. Now bacteria coexist with human organisms, and such cooperation is distinguished by some harmony, because such organisms can bring real benefits.

After a small person is born, bacteria immediately begin to penetrate into his body. They are introduced through the respiratory tract along with air, enter the body along with breast milk, etc. The whole body is saturated with various bacteria.

Their number cannot be accurately calculated, but some scientists boldly say that the number of such organisms is comparable to the number of all cells. The digestive tract alone is home to four hundred varieties of different living bacteria. It is believed that a certain variety of them can grow only in a specific place. So lactic acid bacteria are able to grow and multiply in the intestines, others feel optimal in the oral cavity, and some others live only on the skin.

For many years of coexistence, man and such particles were able to recreate the optimal conditions for cooperation for both groups, which can be characterized as a useful symbiosis. At the same time, bacteria and our body combine their capabilities, while each side remains in the black.

Bacteria are able to collect particles of various cells on their surface, which is why the immune system does not perceive them as hostile and does not attack. However, after organs and systems are exposed to harmful viruses, beneficial bacteria rise to the defense and simply block the path of pathogens. When existing in the digestive tract, such substances also bring tangible benefits. They are engaged in the processing of leftover food, while releasing a significant amount of heat. It, in turn, is transmitted to nearby organs, and is carried throughout the body.

Deficiency of beneficial bacteria in the body or a change in their number causes the development of various pathological conditions. This situation can develop against the background of taking antibiotics, which effectively destroy both harmful and beneficial bacteria. To correct the number of beneficial bacteria, special preparations - probiotics can be consumed.

harmful bacteria

However, it is worth remembering that not all bacteria are human friends. Among them, there are enough dangerous varieties that can only bring harm. Such organisms, after penetrating into our body, cause the development of a variety of bacterial ailments. These are various colds, some varieties of pneumonia, and in addition syphilis, tetanus and other diseases, even deadly ones. There are also diseases of this type, which are transmitted by airborne droplets. This is dangerous tuberculosis, whooping cough, etc.

A significant number of ailments provoked by harmful bacteria develop due to the consumption of insufficiently high-quality food, unwashed and unprocessed vegetables and fruits, raw water, and insufficiently fried meat. You can protect yourself from such diseases by observing the norms and rules of hygiene. Examples of such dangerous diseases are dysentery, typhoid fever, etc.

Manifestations of diseases that have developed as a result of an attack of bacteria are the result of the pathological influence of poisons that these organisms produce, or that are formed against the background of their destruction. The human body is able to get rid of them thanks to the natural defense, which is based on the process of phagocytosis of bacteria by white blood cells, as well as on the immune system, which synthesizes antibodies. The latter carry out a bunch of foreign proteins and carbohydrates, and then simply eliminate them from the bloodstream.

Also, harmful bacteria can be destroyed with the help of natural and synthetic medicines, the most famous of which is penicillin. All drugs of this type are antibiotics, they differ depending on the active ingredient and on the mode of action. Some of them are able to destroy the cell membranes of bacteria, while others suspend the processes of their vital activity.

So, in nature there are a lot of bacteria that can bring benefits and harm to humans. Fortunately, the current level of development of medicine makes it possible to cope with the majority of pathological organisms of this kind.

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Benefits and harms of bacteria

The fact is that bacteria are not only harmful, but also undoubtedly beneficial. It is not for nothing that in the intestines of any organism there is a separate environment, which would do well to be isolated into an independent organ, which is called the microflora of the organism. The microflora contains a spectrum of bacteria necessary for normal life.
The role of bacteria in human life is great. Being all in the same intestine, the bacteria break down indigestible food residues in the stomach into organic and inorganic compounds. In the process, amino acids and some vitamins are extracted, which are immediately absorbed into the blood.
Bacteria are also found in dairy products - yogurt, kefir, fermented baked milk. Together with these products, microorganisms enter the gastric tract, where they help the stomach itself cope with its main task - the thorough digestion of food. It is for this reason that we always feel light after taking dairy products and do not feel discomfort in the stomach caused by pain, colic or nausea.
The role of bacteria in human life is great. Being inside the female genital organs, microorganisms create a special acid-base environment, the violation of which leads to a number of unpleasant diseases and inflammations. To maintain such an optimal environment, you need to follow the rules of personal hygiene.
The oral cavity is also full of microbes that allow you to get rid of inflammation and bleeding of the gums, sore throats and periodontal disease.
As you understand, microorganisms are inside our entire body, and it’s not worth getting rid of them so violently. The role of bacteria in human life is ambiguous, but the fact that we need these simple organisms is a hundred percent correct answer.
Drink less antibiotics, which destroy the normal cooperation between microbes and humans, which leads to serious illness.

Tanya

Benefit: Bacteria that provide measurable benefits to their host. They help a person to absorb and digest food, as well as synthesize useful vitamins. The most well-known bacterium with such properties is Escherichia coli. And the intestinal microflora is inhabited by various bacteroids, lacto- and bifidobacteria. Their benefit is to strengthen the immune system. They also reduce the risk of dangerous microbes entering. Excessive use of antibiotics or other chemicals can kill beneficial bacteria. As a result, dysbacteriosis develops (diarrhea, constipation, nausea) and the human immune system suffers.

Sergei

Bacteria harmful to human health. Most often, pathogenic microbes enter the human body through airborne droplets. But this is far from the only way to get infected. Dirty or stale food, bad water, poorly washed hands, various blood-sucking insects (fleas, lice, mosquitoes), a wound on the skin - all this can cause infection with bad microorganisms. Such organisms cause significant harm to health. Namely, they cause serious diseases:

What are the benefits and harms of bacteria

Elena

The harm from bacteria is very noticeable - many bacteria are sources of inflammation and infection. The deadly diseases typhoid and cholera, the serious diseases pneumonia and diphtheria are caused by bacteria, and it is not surprising that people are constantly looking for ways to combat them.
However, many bacteria are beneficial. Bacteria are useful, causing, for example, the fermentation of sweet juices or the ripening of cream. If bacteria did not decompose dead tissue, then the entire surface of the Earth would be covered with it. But most importantly, bacteria are involved in the formation of nitrates, which are necessary for plant life and, consequently, for our life.

Vladimir Kukuruzov

There are microorganisms that indirectly affect human life. They live in soils and water bodies and are engaged in the breakdown of organic waste, ensure the decay of dead plants, saturate the soil with essential minerals and oxygen. Thanks to them, the planet Earth does not lack oxygen.
Even in ancient times, people realized what invaluable benefits bacteria bring to a person in everyday life. Many foods cannot be made without the use of beneficial bacteria. Fermented milk products (kefir, yogurt), acetic acid, confectionery, cocoa, coffee are the result of the active life of microorganisms. Even the production of tanned leather or, for example, flax fiber is not complete without their participation.
fermented milk productsThere are many bacterial preparations that help control pests in agriculture and forestry. Some of these microscopic creatures are used for ensiling green fodder. And to purify wastewater, a special type of bacteria is used that decomposes organic residues and helps control the level of pollution of water bodies. And even in modern medicine, microorganisms are actively used for the manufacture of various vitamins, antibiotics and other drugs.
preparation with lactic acid bacteria Not all bacteria are beneficial and serve the benefit of people. There are also those that harm food, cause decay of organic matter and produce poison in the process. Eating poor-quality food leads to poisoning of the body. In some cases, the result is even sad - a fatal outcome. To protect yourself and your loved ones from the harm caused by bad bacteria, as well as maintain the natural balance of beneficial creatures in the body, you must:
Regularly eat fermented milk products enriched with bifido- and lactobacilli.
Eat only fresh and quality products.
Wash your hands before eating and thoroughly wash all fruits and vegetables.
Heat the meat.
Take antibiotics strictly as directed by your doctor. And try not to abuse various drugs. Otherwise, instead of benefit, you can cause significant harm to your health.
Compliance with these simple rules is the key to a healthy life.

How do bacteria enter the human body and what harm do they cause?

Valyusha

from the environment, for example, from dirty hands, towels, through the nose, mouth, skin, who has normal immunity - bacteria, in principle, are not terrible, and who has problems with it - various sores can occur due to bacteria - colds, acne, diarrhea etc.)

Dmitry Kalinkin

There is a hypothesis that all microorganisms are biorobots that perform the functions of repairing tissues, organs, cells, DNA
but not only repair, but also, in general, a change in the internal state of living beings, people, animals and plants, as well as unicellular ones. Viruses, like the smallest biorobots, are engaged in changes at the genetic level.
At the most rough level, helmpints are used.
That is, all microorganisms are a tool for managing the internal state of complex organisms on the part of the control function of NATURE. There is even a playful hypothesis that viruses are the driving force behind the evolution of living beings, which forced all living things to develop in order to ensure the life of viruses. (After all, they cannot live on their own.

Grigory Miroshin

Eternity…………

The danger of bacterial diseases was greatly reduced at the end of the 19th century with the invention of the vaccination method, and in the middle of the 20th century with the discovery of antibiotics.

useful; For thousands of years, humans have used lactic acid bacteria to produce cheese, yogurt, kefir, vinegar, and fermentation.

Currently, methods have been developed for the use of phytopathogenic bacteria as safe herbicides, entomopathogenic - instead of insecticides. The most widely used is Bacillus thuringiensis, which produces toxins (Cry-toxins) that act on insects. In addition to bacterial insecticides, bacterial fertilizers have found application in agriculture.

Bacteria that cause human disease are being used as biological weapons.

Due to their rapid growth and reproduction, as well as the simplicity of their structure, bacteria are actively used in scientific research in molecular biology, genetics, genetic engineering and biochemistry. Escherichia coli has become the best studied bacterium. Information about the processes of bacterial metabolism made it possible to produce bacterial synthesis of vitamins, hormones, enzymes, antibiotics, etc.

A promising direction is the enrichment of ores with the help of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, the purification of soils and reservoirs contaminated with oil products or xenobiotics by bacteria.

Normally, from 300 to 1000 species of bacteria with a total weight of up to 1 kg live in the human intestine, and the number of their cells is an order of magnitude greater than the number of cells in the human body. They play an important role in the digestion of carbohydrates, synthesize vitamins, and displace pathogenic bacteria. It can be figuratively said that the human microflora is an additional "organ", which is responsible for protecting the body from infections and digestion.

it's not very short. but I think you can cut it however you like.

Karim Murotaliyev

Bacteria and man have coexisted with each other for millenniums. They bring enormous benefits to a person. Beneficial bacteria make up 99% of the total population that inhabit the human body and only 1% of them have a bad reputation. Due to the harm that bacteria cause to a person, any mention of them causes negative emotions. Bacteria are found in the air we breathe, in soil, in food and water, in plants, in our bodies, etc.

Rice. 1. Bacteria and man.

The first bacteria on planet Earth appeared billions of years ago, long before the appearance of plants, animals and humans. For millions of years, they, changing their habitat in an unfavorable climate, changed themselves, gradually improving their means of life support, and eventually inhabited the entire planet: oceans, soil, rocks, volcanoes and Arctic ice. The survival of bacteria was ensured by the presence of "jumping" genes, which they learned to pass on to each other along with the acquired achievements.

Rice. 2. Microbes are the real invisible masters of the Earth.

Rice. 3. About 70% of the living beings of the Earth are bacteria.

Bacteria and man: benefits for the human body

Bacteria have been living on planet Earth for more than 3.5 billion years. During this time they have learned a lot and adapted to a lot. Now they are helping people. Bacteria and man became inseparable. As scientists have calculated, the human body contains from 500 to 1000 different types of bacteria, or trillions of these amazing tenants, which is up to 4 kg of total weight. Up to 3 kilograms of microbial bodies is found only in the intestines. The rest of them are in the urogenital tract, on the skin and other cavities of the human body.

The human body is inhabited by both beneficial and harmful bacteria. The existing balance between the human body and bacteria has been polished for centuries. With a decrease in immunity, "bad" bacteria cause great harm to the human body. In some diseases, the process of replenishing the body with “good” bacteria is difficult.

Rice. 4. Bacteria inhabiting the oral cavity: Streptococcus mutants (green). Bacteroides gingivalis, causes periodontitis (purple). Candida albicus (yellow).

Rice. 5. The inner surface of the large intestine. Pink islets are clusters of bacteria.

Rice. 6. Bacteria in the duodenum (indicated in red).

Rice. 7. Bacteria (blue and green) on human skin (computer image).

Microbes fill the body of a newborn from the first minutes of his life and finally form the composition of the intestinal microflora by 10-13 years. Streptococci, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, enterobacteria, fungi, intestinal viruses, non-pathogenic protozoa live in the intestine. Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria make up 60% of the intestinal flora. The composition of this group of bacteria is always constant, numerous and performs the main functions.

Rice. 12. Intestinal bacteria (red) in the duodenum.

A person owes the normal functioning of the body to bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, enterococci, Escherichia coli and bacteriods, which account for 99% of the normal intestinal microflora. 1% are representatives of opportunistic flora: clostridia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus, proteus, etc.

bifidobacteria

thanks to bifidobacteria, acetate and lactic acid are produced. By acidifying the habitat, they inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria that cause decay and fermentation;
thanks to bifidobacteria, the risk of developing food allergies in babies is reduced;
they provide an antioxidant and antitumor effect;
bifidobacteria are involved in the synthesis of vitamin C;
bifido- and lactobacilli are involved in the absorption of vitamin D, calcium and iron.

Rice. 13. Bifidobacteria. 3D image.

coli

Special attention is paid to the representative of this genus Escherichia coli M17. It is able to produce the substance cocilin, which inhibits the growth of a number of pathogenic microbes.
With the participation of Escherichia coli, vitamins K, group B (B1, B2, B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12), folic and nicotinic acids are synthesized.

Rice. 14. E. coli. 3D image.

Rice. 15. Escherichia coli under a microscope.

Enterobacteria

Enterobacteria are actively involved in the restoration of intestinal microflora after taking antibiotics.

lactobacilli

Lactobacilli inhibit the growth of putrefactive and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms due to the formation of a number of antimicrobial substances.

Rice. 16. Lactobacilli (3D image).

The positive role of bacteria in the human body

With the participation of bifido-, lacto- and enterobacteria, vitamins K, C, group B (B1, B2, B5, B6, B7, B9 and B12), folic and nicotinic acids are synthesized.
Thanks to the intestinal microflora, undigested food components from the upper intestines are broken down - starch, cellulose, protein and fat fractions.
The intestinal microflora maintains water-salt metabolism and ionic homeostasis.
Due to the secretion of special substances, the intestinal microflora inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria that cause putrefaction and fermentation.
Bifido-, lacto- and enterobacteria take part in the detoxification of substances that enter from the outside and are formed inside the body itself.
The intestinal microflora plays an important role in restoring local immunity. Thanks to it, the number of lymphocytes, the activity of phagocytes and the production of immunoglobulin A increase.
Thanks to the intestinal microflora, the development of the lymphoid apparatus is stimulated.
Increases the resistance of the intestinal epithelium to carcinogens.
Microflora protect the intestinal mucosa and provide energy to the intestinal epithelium.
Regulates intestinal peristalsis.
The intestinal flora acquires the skills to capture and remove viruses from the host organism, with which it has been in symbiosis for many years.
Maintains the body's thermal balance. The microflora feeds on substances that are not digested by the enzymatic system of substances coming from the upper sections of the gastrointestinal tract. As a result of complex biochemical reactions, a huge amount of thermal energy is produced. Heat is carried throughout the body with blood flow and enters all internal organs. That is why a person always freezes when starving.
Regulates the reabsorption of components of bile acids (cholesterol), hormones, etc.

Rice. 17. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium bifidum cells.

Rice. 18. E. coli.

In diseases that reduce the body's immunity, intestinal diseases, long-term use of antibacterial drugs and in the absence of lactose in the human body, when the sugar contained in milk is not digested and begins to ferment in the intestine, changing the acid balance of the intestine, microbial imbalance occurs - dysbacteriosis (dysbiosis). Dysbacteriosis is characterized by the death of "good" bacteria and the increased growth of pathogenic microorganisms and fungi. In the intestines, the processes of putrefaction and fermentation begin to prevail. This is manifested by diarrhea and bloating, pain, loss of appetite, and then weight, children begin to lag behind in development, anemia and hypovitaminosis develop.

Bacteria and man will always coexist together. The health of every person is in his hands. If a person takes care of himself, then he will remain healthy, which means happy for many years.

Rice. 19. Bacteria and man. Together forever.

The totality of bacteria that inhabit the human body has a common name - the microbiota. In a normal, healthy human microflora, there are several million bacteria. Each of them plays an important role for the normal functioning of the human body.

In the absence of any type of beneficial bacteria, a person begins to get sick, the work of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract is disrupted. Beneficial bacteria for humans are concentrated on the skin, in the intestines, on the mucous membranes of the body. The number of microorganisms is regulated by the immune system.

Normally, the human body contains both beneficial and pathogenic microflora. Bacteria can be beneficial or pathogenic.

There are many more beneficial bacteria. They make up 99% of the total number of microorganisms.

In this position, the necessary balance is maintained.

Among the different types of bacteria that live on the human body, we can distinguish:

bifidobacteria;
lactobacilli;
enterococci;
coli.

bifidobacteria

This type of microorganisms is the most common, involved in the production of lactic acid and acetate. It creates an acidic environment, thereby neutralizing most pathogenic microbes. Pathogenic flora ceases to develop and cause the processes of decay and fermentation.

Bifidobacteria play an important role in the life of a child, as they are responsible for the presence of an allergic reaction to any food. In addition, they have an antioxidant effect, prevent the development of tumors.

The synthesis of vitamin C is not complete without the participation of bifidobacteria. In addition, there is information that bifidobacteria help to absorb vitamins D and B, which are necessary for a person for normal life. In the presence of a deficiency of bifidobacteria, even taking synthetic vitamins of this group will not bring any result.

lactobacilli

This group of microorganisms is also important for human health. Due to their interaction with other inhabitants of the intestine, the growth and development of pathogenic microorganisms is blocked, pathogens of intestinal infections are suppressed.

Lactobacilli are involved in the formation of lactic acid, lysocin, bacteriocins. This is a great help to the immune system. If there is a deficiency of these bacteria in the intestine, then dysbacteriosis develops very quickly.

Lactobacilli colonize not only the intestines, but also the mucous membranes. So these microorganisms are important for women's health. They maintain the acidity of the vaginal environment and prevent development.

coli

Not all types of E. coli are pathogenic. Most of them, on the contrary, perform a protective function. The usefulness of the genus lies in the synthesis of cocilin, which actively resists the bulk of pathogenic microflora.

These bacteria are useful for the synthesis of various groups of vitamins, folic and nicotinic acid. Their role in health should not be underestimated. For example, folic acid is essential for the production of red blood cells and the maintenance of normal hemoglobin levels.

Enterococci

They help digest sucrose. Living mainly in the small intestine, they, like other beneficial non-pathogenic bacteria, provide protection against excessive reproduction of harmful elements. At the same time, enterococci are conditionally safe bacteria.

If they begin to exceed the permissible norms, various bacterial diseases develop. The list of diseases is very large. Ranging from intestinal infections, ending with meningococcal.

The positive effect of bacteria on the body

The beneficial properties of non-pathogenic bacteria are very diverse. As long as there is a balance between the inhabitants of the intestines and mucous membranes, the human body functions normally.

Most bacteria are involved in the synthesis and breakdown of vitamins. Without their presence, B vitamins are not absorbed by the intestines, which leads to disorders of the nervous system, skin diseases, and a decrease in hemoglobin.

The bulk of undigested food components that have reached the large intestine are broken down precisely due to bacteria. In addition, microorganisms ensure the constancy of water-salt metabolism. More than half of the entire microflora is involved in the regulation of the absorption of fatty acids and hormones.

The intestinal microflora forms local immunity. It is here that the destruction of the bulk of pathogenic organisms takes place, the harmful microbe is blocked.

Accordingly, people do not feel bloating and flatulence. An increase in lymphocytes provokes active phagocytes to fight the enemy, stimulate the production of immunoglobulin A.

Useful non-pathogenic microorganisms have a positive effect on the walls of the small and large intestines. They maintain a constant level of acidity there, stimulate the lymphoid apparatus, the epithelium becomes resistant to various carcinogens.

Intestinal peristalsis also largely depends on what microorganisms are in it. Suppression of the processes of decay and fermentation is one of the main tasks of bifidobacteria. Many microorganisms for many years develop in symbiosis with pathogenic bacteria, thereby controlling them.

Biochemical reactions that constantly occur with bacteria release a lot of heat energy, maintaining the overall heat balance of the body. Microorganisms feed on undigested residues.

Dysbacteriosis

Dysbacteriosis is a change in the quantitative and qualitative composition of bacteria in the human body . In this case, beneficial organisms die, and harmful organisms actively multiply.

Dysbacteriosis affects not only the intestines, but also mucous membranes (there may be dysbacteriosis of the oral cavity, vagina). In the analyzes, the names will prevail: streptococcus, staphylococcus, micrococcus.

In the normal state, beneficial bacteria regulate the development of pathogenic microflora. Skin, respiratory organs are usually under reliable protection. When the balance is disturbed, a person feels the following symptoms: intestinal flatulence, bloating, abdominal pain, upset.

Later, weight loss, anemia, vitamin deficiency may begin. From the reproductive system, abundant discharge is observed, often accompanied by an unpleasant odor. Irritations, roughness, cracks appear on the skin. Dysbacteriosis is a side effect after taking antibiotics.

If you find such symptoms, you should definitely consult a doctor who will prescribe a set of measures to restore normal microflora. This often requires taking probiotics.