The drug "Acilact": when beneficial bacteria are needed. In the fight against pathogenic flora suppositories Bifidumbacterin - instructions for use

Dysbacteriosis is a violation of the microbial balance in the intestine, when the number of bifidus and lactobacilli becomes negligible, and the number of pathogens becomes threateningly large. As a result of this, a person begins to feel bad, his stomach hurts, vomiting, diarrhea begin, even skin reactions occur. What to do in this case? The famous medicine "Linex" will come to the rescue, which is able to normalize the work of the intestines. However, in addition to this common drug, there are other, no less effective means. Therefore, today we will consider in what forms the Linex medication is produced, instructions for use, analogues of this drug. Let's determine what is the cost of drugs that are not inferior in effectiveness to their popular counterpart.

The drug "Linex": indications

This medicine is prescribed for both babies and their parents for the treatment and prevention of dysbacteriosis, which is manifested by symptoms such as diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Sometimes there may even be allergic reactions.

Release form, composition

The drug "Linex" is sold in the form of white capsules, in the middle of which there is a white powder, odorless.

Composition of the product: the main substance is lebenin powder. Its composition: Auxiliary elements are lactose, magnesium stearate.

How to take the tool "Linex"?

This medication should be taken orally, after a meal, while always drinking it with water, compote or juice.

1. Babies under 2 years old - 1 capsule three times a day.

2. Children from 2 to 12 years old - 1 or 2 capsules 3 times a day.

3. Adults and children over 12 years old - 2 or 3 capsules three times a day.

Attention! Since the Linex medication is available only in capsules, and they are far from small, infants should pour the powder from the capsule before using this drug, determine it in a spoon and mix with water. And only in this form should this medicine be given to infants.

Price

The price of the Linex drug will seem high to many. And indeed it is. For example, for a package of 16 capsules, on average, you need to pay 300 rubles. If the packaging is different - 32 capsules each, then you should pay about 550 rubles. Considering that you need to take the remedy three times a day, it is easy to calculate that one package is enough for only 5 days. You will have to run to the pharmacy again, because doctors prescribe this medication for at least 1.5 weeks.

What drugs to replace?

Analogues of "Linex" - cheaper medicines - can be found in any pharmacy. However, they are not always visible. After all, it is better for pharmacists to sell expensive drugs, so they put Linex on public display.

However, you need to know about inexpensive drugs that are in no way inferior in effectiveness to the famous analogue. Among the cheap drugs that help to cope with dysbacteriosis, you can find such remedies as Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin and Yoghurt.

Inexpensive replacement for toddlers

Means "Bifidumbakterin" - a cheap analogue of "Linex" for children, a drug that is popular with people, is available in the following forms:

Powder;

Capsules;

Tablets;

Tablet and suppository contain 1 dose of the drug. And all the other marked packaging - 5 doses. What form of release should be applied in a particular case, the doctor determines.

The composition of the drug includes a special mass containing bifidobacteria (that is, those that are contained in the normal state), as well as a bifidogenic factor that promotes the growth of bifidobacteria. In addition, this medicine contains lactose.

Dosage of an inexpensive medicine for children for dysbacteriosis

An analogue of "Linex" - a cheap drug "Bifidumbacterin" - can be used even in relation to infants. For newborns, this medication is prescribed during feeding. In this case, the drug must be diluted in breast milk or infant formula. Older children need to mix the drug with ordinary water or with any fermented milk product. After diluting the product, it must be drunk immediately, without waiting for complete dissolution. The medication must be consumed during a meal, but if necessary, then the analogue of the drug "Linex" can be drunk at any time.

The dosage of the drug "Bifidumbacterin" is as follows:

• Babies up to 6 months - 1 sachet (5 doses) three times a day (3 days). Then the number of doses should be increased to 5-6 times (as prescribed by the pediatrician).
• Crumbs from 6 months to 3 years - 1 sachet 3-4 times a day.
• Children from 3 to 7 years old - 1 sachet 4-5 times a day.
• Adults and children over 7 years old - 2 sachets, which equals 10 doses, 3-4 times a day.

Usually the course of treatment with Bifidumbacterin is 1 month.

The cost of a cheap substitute

This tool is an inexpensive analogue of the drug "Linex". The price of the drug "Bifidumbacterin" depends on the form of release and the amount of the drug. The cost of the drug in dry form (30 sachets) is approximately 250 rubles. The price of candles is also approximately in the same price category. For 10 vaginal suspensions, you should pay 85 rubles. Ampoules with this remedy for newborns cost about 100 rubles, this is for 10 pcs. Tablets "Bifidumbacterin" in the amount of 30 pieces will also cost about 90 rubles.

Inexpensive drug for children and adults

The Lactobacterin remedy is an excellent analogue of Linex: a cheap, effective medication that can normalize the state of the digestive system and improve metabolic processes. It helps restore natural immunity. This medication is also prescribed for dysbacteriosis.

The medicine is produced in two forms:

1. In the form of vaginal suppositories.
2. In the form of tablets.

The main active ingredient of this remedy is acidophilic lactobacilli.

The drug "Lactobacterin": rules for admission

Tablets can be given to both children and adults.

• Babies up to 24 months - 2 pills twice a day.
• Children from 2 to 6 years - 3 tablets three times a day.
• Children over 6 years old, as well as adults - 5 pills three times a day.

The duration of treatment is usually 1 week.

Applies to adults only.

How much is it worth?

The analogue of "Linex" - a cheap drug "Lactobacterin" - is not inferior in efficiency, but the price pleases him pleasantly. So, for a pack of tablets (20 pieces) you need to pay 120 rubles. For candles (10 pieces) you need to pay only 80 rubles.

well, the epigen helps... it simply eliminates dryness, inflammation, if any, itching as well, and while it increases immunity, it does not allow our lactic acid to die. That's the whole mechanism, if it's quite simple.

Viferon and genferon are approximately the same in effect, although they differ slightly in composition. If you have an allergy to something, then look at the composition. You won’t notice such a result from him directly, he, like Epigen, increases immunity and that’s all. It has an effect in complex treatment, after an inflammatory process, after antibiotics, etc.

I took bifidumbacterin inside, diluted the powder with water and drank it, but it is also recommended in suppositories, it is believed that the main component of these bifidics reaches its goal faster. In general, it corrects the intestinal and vaginal microflora, reduces the number of pathogenic microorganisms, improves immunity. It is prescribed for dysbactriasis, after prolonged antibiotic treatment, in case of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs and the genitourinary system.

In general, as far as I know, bifidobak. and lactobac. belong to one group of bacteria that maintain normal intestinal flora. And the effect of them in general is the same, although of course there are slight differences.

Bifidobacteria are the main representatives of the normal intestinal flora. They are generally the only ones that have not been found to have pathogenic properties for the human body, which means they are harmless.

Lactobacilli are also natural bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract and the vaginal area of ​​the female body, but they are only 7-10 percent in the intestines, while their benefits are significant, they stimulate intestinal motility and thus contribute to the treatment of dysbacteriosis or its prevention.

Actobacteria also seem to strengthen the stool, while bifidus, on the contrary, weaken it. Therefore, you need to see what you need more. If constipation, then bifido, and if diarrhea, then lacto. If neither one nor the other, but you just need to restore the microflora, then both can be, and those, in any case, as it was written above, represent the normoflora and are useful.

Bifidobacteria more inhibit the vital activity of putrefactive and pathogenic microbes, promote the digestion of carbohydrates, form B vitamins and vitamin K.

Lactobacilli convert lactose and other carbohydrates into lactic acid, thereby preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

A properly balanced intestinal microflora suggests a ratio of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli as 100:1. Violation of the species composition and quantitative ratios of different microbes in the body is called dysbacteriosis or dysbiosis.

Average price online* : 139 p.

Where could I buy:

Instructions for use

Suppositories are intended for the treatment of diseases of the vagina, accompanied by dysbacteriosis of the vaginal microflora. The drug is produced in Russia.

Composition and properties

The main component of "Acilact" is strains of live acidophilic lactobacilli, which normally inhabit the vaginal flora. With the development of the pathogenic process, their number sharply decreases.

This can cause a decrease in local immunity and the addition of an infectious process. Lactobacilli, which are part of "Acilact", contribute to the creation of an optimal balance of microflora and the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms (including staphylococcus and E. coli), which are the causative agents of various diseases.

As auxiliary ingredients in the production of candles, only three components are used, which are necessary to create a solid base:

• paraffin;
• solid fat;
• emulsifier.

Suppositories "Acilact" are elongated vaginal suppositories with a cone-shaped tip. Color: white, yellow or beige. The mass is most often homogeneous, but the presence of small particles (lumps of paraffin) is allowed. Candles have a specific smell, reminiscent of confectionery fat.

The drug is packaged in cells of 5 or 10 pieces (in one carton 1 or 2 contour cells).

When is it appointed?

Indications for the appointment of "Acilact" in the form of candles are:

• bacterial vaginosis;
• vaginal dysbiosis;
• sanitation of the birth canal before childbirth;
• preparation for surgical operations and micro-operations (for example, for cauterization of erosion);
• prevention of complications after medical intervention and manipulation;
• sexual infections accompanied by the development of an inflammatory process (chlamydia, gonorrhea, ureaplasmosis, herpes, etc.);
• hormonal colpitis.

"Acilact" can be used as an independent tool (most often for prophylactic purposes) or as part of a comprehensive treatment regimen.

How to apply?

Suppositories must be inserted into the vagina. It is best to do this in a lying position. For maximum results, it is recommended to lie down after the procedure for 30 minutes. Before the introduction, hygiene procedures should be carried out (washing, douching - if necessary).

Contraindications

"Acilact" has no contraindications and restrictions for use, except for individual intolerance to the components of the drug. It is also not recommended to use the remedy for vaginal candidiasis (thrush).

Pregnancy and lactation

The tool is absolutely safe for use during these periods, as it acts exclusively at the injection site, without penetrating into the bloodstream.

Side effects

To date, no side effects have been recorded when using "Acilact".

However, the possibility of negative reactions, such as itching or redness of the genitals, cannot be completely ruled out. This is due to the fact that the candles contain paraffin, which can cause slight irritation of the skin and mucous membranes (very rarely).

special instructions

• The use of "Acilact" suppositories with local antibacterial and antimicrobial agents is not recommended.
• To achieve maximum results, therapy can be supplemented with Acylact tablets.
• It is possible to use suppositories with immunomodulators, antiviral agents.

Storage

The shelf life of candles is 1 year at a temperature of 20 to 10 degrees (recommended storage in a refrigerator at a temperature of 5 degrees).

Reviews

(Leave your feedback in the comments)

From time to time I drink the usual "Acilact" in courses to activate the immune system, I practically do not get sick. When I was pregnant, I was prescribed "Acilact" candles. They are needed to destroy all harmful bacteria, if any. This will prevent infection of the baby during childbirth. I put 1 candle for 5 days. There were no unpleasant sensations. The daughter was born completely healthy.

Candles "Acilact" I use if there is a need to drink antibiotics. They are inexpensive, but in terms of efficiency they are not inferior to advertised foreign drugs containing lactobacilli. They are well tolerated, do not cause itching and burning, as happens with other vaginal suppositories. The only negative is that they are not sold in all pharmacies, otherwise I only praise the manufacturer.

* — The average value among several sellers at the time of monitoring, is not a public offer

Miroshnik O.A., PhD

In recent years, new approaches to treatment have become widespread, associated with the restoration of the natural ecology of the body and based on the use of active biological products. One aspect of this approach is the normalization of the altered microbial landscape of the body with the help of bacterial and biological products. At present, through the efforts of new industrial and commercial structures, the traditionally existing shortage of bacterial and biological preparations has been largely eliminated. Moreover, in addition to such well-known drugs as bifidumbacterin, lactobacterin, colibacterin and bificol, many new drugs have appeared, among which it is difficult for doctors, pharmacists and patients to navigate. We hope that the systematization of bacterial preparations proposed in this publication, intended for the correction of the biocenosis of the mucous membranes, will help to more complete and effective use of all their rich arsenal in everyday practice.

1. BACTERIAL PREPARATIONS - EUBIOTICS

The most significant group of bacterial preparations are eubiotics- medicines containing certain strains of representatives of the microflora of a healthy human body as an active substance. It is known that bacteria that normally colonize mucous membranes have an antagonistic effect against pathogenic and opportunistic microflora, provide vitamin-forming and enzymatic functions.

1.1. Preparations of the bifidobacteria family.

The most famous and widely used eubiotic drug is Bifidumbacterin containing bifidobacteria of the species bifidum. It is this type of bifidobacteria that prevails in the intestines of newborns and children of the first years of life, therefore bifidumbacterin is the basic drug for correcting the intestinal biocenosis in children. Indications for the use of bifidumbacterin are very wide, but the main ones are intestinal dysfunction due to dysbacteriosis, acute intestinal infections (AII), prophylactic use in debilitated children with anemia, rickets, diathesis and early transfer of children from breastfeeding to artificial feeding, etc. d..

There are four main forms of Bifidumbacterin release: vials, ampoules, tablets and powders in laminated foil bags. The use of bifidumbacterin in pediatrics dictates extremely stringent requirements for the quality of the drug, and, above all, for the absence of extraneous microflora. In this regard, the tablet form of bifidumbacterin is approved for use only from the age of three. From the neonatal period, only Bifidumbacterin in powder, vials or ampoules is allowed for use. Bifidumbacterin in powder form manufactured by JSC "Partner" has a number of significant advantages, which is a mixture of dry bifidobacteria with chemically pure lactose, packed in gas-tight bags of laminated aluminum foil. The production technology of this drug provides for the removal of the cultivation medium and the almost complete absence (less than 10%) of dead bacterial cells. Therefore, when the drug is dissolved, an almost colorless opalescent suspension is formed without a pronounced smell and taste. Lactose, which promotes the growth of bifidobacteria in the intestine, slightly increases the dissolution time of the drug.

Bifidumbacterin-forte - a complex bacterial preparation containing bifidobacteria of the bifidum species immobilized on stone activated carbon. Upon contact with the intestinal mucosa, the sorbent allows the growth of bifidobacteria in the form of individual microcolonies. The drug has all the properties of bifidumbacterin and at the same time the antitoxic effect inherent in the sorbent. The drug has a more pronounced clinical effect, is able to normalize the disturbed intestinal biocenosis at an earlier date compared to conventional bifidumbacterin. The drug is used after eating and does not require mandatory prior dissolution in water.

Bifidumbacterin in candles used to treat intestinal dysfunction with damage to its distal sections (colitis, proctitis) and in gynecological practice (senile non-specific bacterial colpitis, bacterial vaginosis, violation of the purity of the vagina of 3-4 degrees, preparation of the birth canal for childbirth, etc.).

Bifidin as an active substance it contains bifidobacteria of the species adolescentis, which have a wider spectrum of carbohydrate fermentation. However, this type of bifidobacteria vegetates in the intestines of adults and children older than three years. In children under one year of age, bifidobacteria adolescentis are found only if they are artificially fed. The drug is prescribed for children older than three years with intestinal disorders accompanied by dysbacteriosis, sick children with early artificial feeding, with a protracted course of intestinal dysfunctions, with repeated isolation of pathogens after acute intestinal infections.

bifilong contains bifidobacteria of the longum species, which are the second in quantitative content after the bifidobacteria of the bifidum species, representatives of the normal microflora of children who are breastfed. Industrial production of Bifidin and Bifilong is not currently carried out.

Bifiliz - a combined preparation containing bifidobacteria of the species bifidum and lysozyme (in one vial 5 doses and 10 mg, respectively). Lysozyme has bifidogenic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, reparative and antimicrobial effects. The optimal combination of bifidobacteria and lysozyme in this preparation allows you to enhance the therapeutic effect of each component.

In Novosibirsk, ZAO "NPF Vector-Biomed" mastered the production of Bifidobacteria concentrate , which is a suspension of bifidobacteria, bifidum species in a cultured dairy medium. The drug is registered as a food supplement and is distributed through a distribution network of doctors. As an advantage of the Concentrate, it is indicated that the bifidobacteria in the preparation are in the growth phase and, therefore, they are more active. However, the fact that to achieve a clinical effect requires taking the Concentrate in doses ten times higher than those used in the treatment with pharmacopoeial bifidumbacterin (8000 and 300 doses, respectively) casts doubt on this.

In Novosibirsk, Bio-Vesta LLC produces an almost similar drug - Liquid concentrate of bifidobacteria (Biovestin) , the active substance in which are bifidobacteria of the species adolescentis, the features of the use of which are named above.

1.2. Drugs of the lactobacillus family

Lactobacilli, together with bifidobacteria, are also the main representatives of the normal human microflora. Lactobacilli are present in all parts of the digestive tract, from the oral cavity to the large intestine, are the predominant flora of the genital tract, and are found in breast milk.

The first attempts at the therapeutic use of lactobacilli for the correction of biochemical processes occurring in the intestines were made by I.I. Mechnikov 100 years ago. Subsequently, a pronounced antagonistic activity of lactobacilli against putrefactive opportunistic microorganisms and pathogens of acute intestinal and infections was found, which is associated with the ability of lactobacilli to form lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, lysozyme and other substances with antimicrobial activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The reparative properties and immunomodulatory role of lactobacilli have been revealed, manifested in particular in the ability to increase the overall level of secretory Ig A and titers of specific secretory antibodies, enhance phagocytosis, etc. The role of lactobacilli in lowering blood cholesterol, in preventing the production of carcinogens and in the destruction of oxalic acid, is discussed. thereby preventing the formation of oxalates in the body.

In our country, the drug is widely used Lactobacterin , created in the early 70s on the basis of lactobacilli of the plantarum species (plantarum), which, like bifidobacteria, have an antagonistic effect against pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. Indications for its use are similar to those of bifidumbacterin.

A new drug was developed at the Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G.N. Gabrichevsky Acylact , which includes lactobacilli of the acidophilus species (acidophilus). Unlike lactobacilli of the plantarum species, acidophilic lactobacilli used for the preparation of Atsilact belong to the category of microorganisms obligate to humans. The criteria for the selection of a new industrial type of lactobacilli were the ability of bacteria to form acids, antimicrobial activity, adhesive properties that contribute to long-term preservation in the intestine, resistance to the action of digestive secrets and antibiotics used. All these conditions are met by the new drug Acylact.

Acylact is used for indications common with other bacterial drugs: intestinal dysbacteriosis, acute intestinal infections, chronic enterocolitis, and inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa. Since Acilact is characterized by increased acid-forming activity, it is preferable for the treatment of dysbacteriosis in patients with hypoacid conditions and reduced intestinal motility.

The reduced content of lactose in Acilact, combined with the high ability of the acidophilic lactobacilli that form the basis of the drug to break down lactose, make Acilact the drug of choice for the treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients with milk intolerance (lactase deficiency).

The use of Acilact for 2-3 courses in children with atopic dermatitis leads to the normalization of the initially suppressed immunity and the improvement of clinical symptoms.

Acylact can be used to treat gynecological diseases accompanied by a violation of the vaginal microflora, however, in this case, it is more convenient to use Acylacta in candles . Normally, the microflora of the vagina is represented mainly by lactobacilli, the so-called Dederlein sticks, which maintain an acidic environment in the vagina and inhibit the growth of opportunistic microorganisms. Acylact in suppositories is used in pathological conditions associated with a deficiency of the lactoflora of the female genital tract, which are especially significant in the following diseases:

1. Senile colpitis. The degree of settlement of the vaginal mucosa with lactobacilli depends on the production of estrogen, therefore, in the postmenopausal period, with estrogen deficiency, the level of lactoflora decreases, which is the reason for the development of a number of symptoms of senile colpitis (dryness, atrophy of the mucosa, etc.), as well as an increase in the frequency of urinary infections.
2. Nonspecific bacterial colpitis caused by staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or their association.
3. Persistent violation of the purity of the vaginal secretion up to 3-4 degrees.
4. Bacterial vaginosis, which, as you know, are characterized by the growth of anaerobic flora and a sharp depletion of the vaginal mucosa in lactobacilli. In this case, Acilact is included in complex therapy, which also includes the use of metronidazole or clindamycin.
5. Courses of long-term antibiotic therapy that suppress the natural microflora of the vagina.
6. Prevention of bacterial colpitis and cystitis with frequent change of sexual partners.
7. In combination with other drugs in the treatment of chlamydia and mycoplasma infection of the female genital tract.
8. Preparation of the birth canal for childbirth, since the intestinal biocenosis of the newborn, which is formed from the first hours of life, largely depends on the microbial landscape of the mother's birth canal.

A contraindication to the appointment of Acilact in suppositories is candidiasis, since in some cases a rapid shift in pH to the acid side promotes the growth of fungi. Acylact in this case is used after specific antifungal therapy or after the use of Bifidumbacterin in suppositories.

Also available Acilact in tablets , the use of which by resorption in the mouth is indicated for inflammatory diseases of the gums and oral mucosa

Acipol - a combined preparation consisting of acidophilic lactobacilli and heat-inactivated kefir fungi (Kefir greins), available in tablets of 5 doses. The drug is highly active against pathogenic and opportunistic microflora, normalizes some immunological parameters. Acipol is prescribed from the first days of a child's life with acute intestinal infections, dysbacteriosis, debilitated patients with signs of exudative diathesis and other allergic manifestations.

1.3. Preparations of the colibacterium family

A drug from the colibacterium family Colibacterin is the very first domestic bacterial preparation. It contains an antagonistically active strain of non-pathogenic Escherichia coli M-17. Some experts believe that this strain, isolated many years ago, has now somewhat lost its antagonistic activity and the ability to take root in the intestine. Colibacterin is mainly used for chronic diseases of the large intestine in the elderly, in which the microflora of this section of the intestine is populated mainly by Escherichia coli, as well as for dysbacteriosis due to the presence of hemolyzing forms of Escherichia coli.

Combined drug Bificol contains bifidobacteria of the bifidum species and Escherichia coli strain M-17, therefore, its action and indications for use are in many respects similar to those of Bifidumbacterin and Kolibacterin.

Many eubiotic preparations are also produced abroad, however, due to the high cost, attempts to widely introduce them on the Russian pharmaceutical market have not been successful so far.

Bifiform (Ferrosan) is produced in capsules with a gastro-insoluble coating and contains bifidobacteria of the species bifidum and enterococci.

Primadophilus firms (Nature's Way) comes in two forms. The powder for the preparation of the suspension contains bifidobacteria of the infantus and longum species and lactobacilli of the acidophilus and rbanmosus species. This form is intended for children from the first days of life up to 5 years. A variant of the drug in the form of capsules additionally contains bifidobacteria of the brevis species and is intended for children aged 6 to 12 years. Primadophilus is distinguished by the absence of allergenic factors in its composition, capsules are more convenient to take compared to powders, which must first be dissolved in water. Another foreign drug - Probionic (Enrich) is a chewable tablet with a pleasant strawberry flavor containing bifidobacteria of the species adolescentis, infantis, longum and acidophilic lactobacilli. These preparations are certified as dietary supplements and are distributed, as a rule, through a network of private distributors. It should be noted that the cost of one package, designed for a 6-8 week course of treatment, is about 25 US dollars. dollars for Primadofilus and about 20 am. dollars for Probionics, which puts effective, inexpensive and well-known Russian drugs out of competition.

2. PREPARATIONS - PROBIOTICS

Another large class of biologics used to correct dysbacteriosis and treat diarrheal diseases are probiotics. Probiotics are activators of the growth of normal microflora and secrete substances that inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.

The most well-known probiotics, which include pure spores of bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain IP 5832. These are drugs Baktisubtil(Hoechst Marion Roussellt, currently Aventis) and Flonivin BS(ICN). In Russia, a similar drug called Baktisporin produced by NPO Immunopreparat, Ufa. The difference between Baktisporin is that it contains lyophilized live bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain No. 3H. New preparation Biosporin designed on the basis of the association of two types of spore-forming microorganisms B.subtilis 3 and B.licheniformis 31. The industrial production of the drug is carried out by the TsVTP BZ MO RF. Biosporin is characterized by a pronounced specific activity against Staphylococcus aureus and fungi of the genus Candida. It has been established that Biosporin, along with a pronounced selective antagonistic activity against pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, is characterized by the ability to significantly enhance the body's defense reactions - increase the phagocytic activity of blood leukocytes, induce the production of endogenous interferon, etc.

All drugs based on spores of bacteria Bacillus subtilis have a similar mechanism of action. Bacillus spores germinate into a vegetative form in the small intestine. This process reaches its maximum in the ileocecal region. When spores germinate, enzymes are released that promote the breakdown of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, and an acidic environment is formed that prevents the processes of decay and the growth of pathogenic bacteria. In addition, enzymes cause direct lysis of the cell walls of Proteus, Escherichia coli, pathogenic staphylococcus aureus. Since this strain of bacilli was obtained artificially and is not a physiological component of the intestinal biocenosis, caution is recommended when prescribing preparations from spore-forming microorganisms: their use is short-term and with a weak effect from the previous use of eubiotic bacterial preparations.

More physiological effect of the drug Linex (Lek) containing lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria, infantis bifidobacteria and fecal streptococci as active ingredients. Lactic acid bacteria produce lactic, acetic and propionic acids. The acidic environment they create in the intestines is unfavorable for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Lactic acid bacteria are involved in the resorption of monosaccharides, stabilize the membranes of intestinal epithelial cells and regulate the absorption of electrolytes. Representatives of the normal microflora (bifidobacteria and fecal streptococci) contribute to the restoration of the intestinal biocenosis.

Enterol(Biocodex) contains lyophilized fungi Sacchoromyces boulardii. The drug normalizes the disturbed balance of intestinal microflora, promotes the production of secretory Ig A by lymphoid cells of the intestinal mucosa. Enterol is effective in diarrhea caused by antibiotics, including pseudomembranous colitis caused by clostridial spore-forming microflora.

Hilak(Ludwig Merkle)- a liquid containing a sterile concentrate of metabolic products of intestinal flora symbionts, biosynthetic lactic acid, short-chain volatile fatty acids and other components. These biological products change the acidity of the intestinal contents to the acidic side, create unfavorable conditions for the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and stimulate the growth of normal microflora, improve the physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract, promote the regeneration of the mucosa, and restore the disturbed water and electrolyte balance in the intestinal lumen. Hilak is indicated for intestinal dysfunctions and allergic diseases associated with intestinal dysbacteriosis, for the prevention of dysbacteriosis and acute intestinal infections that occur with a sharp change in climatic conditions (travelers' diarrhea), etc.

Lactulose - synthetic disaccharide, produced under different brand names ( Normase, Laktofalk, Dufalac, Portolac etc.) can also be classified as probiotics. Lactulose does not undergo hydrolysis in the small intestine and enters the colon unchanged, where it creates a natural nutrient medium for the growth of lactic acid bacteria, resulting in the formation of lactic and short-chain fatty acids, acidity increases and the peristalsis of the large intestine increases. The drug inhibits the growth of Salmonella in the intestine, reduces the formation of nitrogen-containing substances and prevents the absorption of ammonia in the colon. Lactulose is used for chronic constipation, salmonellosis, digestive disorders associated with a putrefactive process as a result of food poisoning in infants and children under 10 years of age, as well as hepatic encephalopathy.

Unusual properties found in a synthetic inhibitor of proteolytic enzymes drug PAMBA(BYK GULDEN). PAMBA increases the growth of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria and Escherichia coli, while reducing the proteolytic activity of Proteus, Pseudomonas and other microorganisms and enhancing macrophage phagocytosis.

Pantothenic acid also has bifidogenic properties ( Calcium pantothenate, Panthenol ), which is part of many multivitamin preparations, or used as a separate preparation.

3. BACTERIOPHAGES

For the rehabilitation of mucous membranes, skin and wound surfaces from pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria, specific bacteriophages . Bacteriophages are viruses that infect only bacteria, are biological objects that are environmentally safe for humans, and can be used to treat dysbacteriosis, AII, and purulent skin infections at any age.

The domestic industry produces a wide range of medicinal bacteriophages: Staphylococcal, Streptococcal, Coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Typhoid, Dysentery, Salmonella. There are also their combined forms: Coliprotein bacteriophage, Intesti bacteriophage(contains phages of Shigella Flexner serovar 1,2,3,4,6 and Sonne, salmonella (paratyphoid A and B, enterilitis, typhimurium, cholera suis, oranienburg), enteropathogenic groups of Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and mirabilis, staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and pathogenic enterococci) Pyobacteriophage combined(contains phages of staphylococci, streptococci, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Proteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Consonant, but still a different drug Pyobacteriophage polyvalent purified contains phages of staphylococci, streptococci, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus and Klebsiella pneumonia. This drug is distinguished by the highest degree of purification from bacterial metabolites, which significantly improves its taste and makes it the first choice in children under one year old. Bacteriophage Klebsiella polyvalent purified active against Klebsiella pneumonia, ozena, rhinoscleroma. Bacteriophage is usually produced in liquid form or in tablets; currently, Pyobacteriophage combined and Staphylococcal bacteriophage in the form of liniment are also launched.

So far, bacteriophages have found the greatest distribution in the treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis, acute intestinal infections, enterocolitis, purulent-inflammatory diseases of the throat and nose. However, the scope of their clinical application is much wider and they can be successfully used for the treatment of surgical, urogenital, skin and other infections.

There is no mention of phage therapy in foreign manuals. But it must be taken into account that, firstly, phage therapy is a special direction in bacteriology developed by Russian scientists, and, secondly, the use of bacterial preparations for medicinal purposes in Western standards is generally extremely limited. For example, in the United States, almost all bacterial preparations are classified as dietary supplements, and, therefore, are not included in standard treatment programs. Bacterial preparations fall into the sphere of interest of nutritionists who have tasks other than medical ones. Perhaps it would not be an exaggeration to say that Russia has accumulated much more scientific material and experience in the use of bacterial preparations in medicine.

4. IMMUNOGLOBULIN DRUGS

A fundamentally new direction in the treatment of dysbacteriosis and acute intestinal infections is associated with the creation of an original drug in our country. Complex immunoglobulin preparation (KIP) KIP contains human immunoglobulins of three classes: Ig A (15-25%), Ig M (15-25%) and Ig G (50-70%). From all other immunoglobulin preparations used in Russia, CIP is distinguished by a high content of Ig A and Ig M, an increased concentration of antibodies to enteropathogenic bacteria of the intestinal group (Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia, Klebsiella, etc.), a high concentration of antibodies to rotaviruses, as well as oral mode of application.

Ig M, which is part of the CIP, has a bactericidal effect on pathogenic microorganisms, Ig A makes it difficult for them to attach to the epithelium of the mucous membrane, reproduction and ensures rapid removal from the intestine, Ig G neutralizes microbial toxins and viruses, mediates the "adhesion" of bacteria to macrophages with their subsequent phagocytosis . In addition to removing pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms from the body, CIP promotes the growth of normal intestinal microflora (bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, enterococci and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli), increases the production of secretory Ig A and normalizes altered systemic immunity. The oral method of administration of the CIP ensures the supply of large doses of the active substance to the site of injury, followed by a decrease in the adsorption of pathogens on the cells of the epithelium of the intestinal mucosa and a local immunomodulatory effect.

In the course of a large comparative study, it was shown that among the various treatment regimens for AII in children, it is TIP therapy that gives the best results, assessed by such parameters as the duration of symptoms of intoxication and diarrheal syndrome, repeated seeding of pathogens, changes in the intestinal biocenosis and the dynamics of the main indicators of immunity.

A positive effect of CIP in the treatment of allergic dermatoses was noted. This is due to an increase in the level of secretory Ig A, resulting in increased local resistance of the gastrointestinal mucosa and increased excretion of allergens from the intestines from food.

The main indications for the use of CIP are the following diseases and pathological processes:

1. Intestinal dysbacteriosis in children and adults caused by any factors (past acute intestinal infections, prolonged and irrational antibiotic therapy, chronic diseases, stress, immunodeficiency states, etc.).
2. Acute intestinal infections. The possibility of obtaining a pronounced therapeutic effect 2-3 days after the start of treatment makes TIP the drug of choice in the treatment of acute intestinal infections (including rotavirus etiology) in children of the first year of life.
3. Chronic enterocolitis.
4. Complex therapy of allergic dermatoses, combined with intestinal dysfunction.
5. Immunodeficiency states with disorders predominantly in the humoral link of immunity.

In the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after G.N. Kipferon in rectal and vaginal suppositories, which includes CIP in the amount of 50 mg and recombinant interferon-alfa2a in a dose of 500,000 IU.

5.FOOD SUPPLEMENTS

To correct the intestinal microflora, special dietary supplements are used that contain dietary fiber related to carbohydrates, which are not digested by digestive enzymes, but serve as a nutrient substrate for the microflora of the large intestine. Dietary fibers that have a stimulating effect on the intestinal microflora include oligosaccharides, in particular fructooligosaccharides, the most famous representative of which is inulin . A large amount of inulin is found in the roots of Jerusalem artichoke. There are several nutritional supplements containing Jerusalem artichoke concentrate (Jerusalem artichoke concentrate, Topivit, Jerusalem artichoke concentrate, etc.). Fructooligosaccharides and, in particular, inulin significantly stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in the intestine, change the pH of the large intestine to the acid side, promote the formation of short-chain fatty acids and other biologically active substances in the intestine that have a beneficial effect on the intestinal biocenosis.

6. THERAPEUTIC FERROUS MILK PRODUCTS

The characteristics of the drugs used to correct the biocenosis of the mucous membranes would be incomplete without mentioning fermented milk products containing bifidus and lactobacilli. These products are intended for daily nutrition and have certain regulatory functions. The number of formulations of such products produced abroad is used by hundreds, and several dozen have been developed in Russia. A number of fermented milk products are also produced in Omsk. So in the composition of the fermented milk mixture Narine includes acidophilic lactobacilli and their metabolic products. Part Pastolacta includes special strains of acidophilus bacillus and growth factors of bifidobacteria. Acidolact contains acidophilic lactobacilli with lactic acid streptococcus. Bifid-containing products are presented Bifilin obtained on the basis of bifidobacteria of the species adolescentis and characterized by deep hydrolysis of the protein component, and Bifidocom - kefir enriched with bifidobacteria of the species bifidum.

7. RATIONAL THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH INTESTINAL DYSBACTERIOSIS

The scheme for correcting intestinal dysbacteriosis can be divided into several stages.

1. Sanitation of the intestine from opportunistic microflora. The traditional treatment of patients with intestinal dysbacteriosis involves preliminary decontamination of the intestine with the help of antimicrobial agents. However, the latter often cause side effects that make it difficult to draw up a rational treatment program, especially for a child. In most cases, it is possible to effectively and safely decontaminate the intestine from opportunistic bacteria by replacing antimicrobial agents with safer and highly effective bacterial preparations: CIP and bacteriophages. Enteral administration of KIP 1 dose 1-2 times a day has a sanitizing effect on most Gram-negative enteropathogenic bacteria (Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, as well as Shigella and Salmonella). Depending on the conditionally pathogenic microflora present, bacteriophages are additionally administered orally (Intesti-bacteriophage, Pyobacteriophage combined, Pyobacteriophage polyvalent purified, Staphylococcal or Klebsiella bacteriophages). In the presence of excessive growth of clostridia, Enterol is used.

2. Replacement therapy with bacterial preparations. After antimicrobial therapy, depending on the identified deficiency of a particular type of bacteria, bacterial preparations are prescribed for 4 weeks in generally accepted doses. In children, Bifidumbacterin or Bifidumbacterin-forte is more often used, in adults - Bifidumbacterin, Bifidumbacterin-forte or Bifikol, in the elderly - Bifikol or Colibacterin. Then, in order to maintain the clinical effect, Atsilact is shown dry for 2 weeks, which helps to increase the acidity in the intestine and stabilize the composition of the microflora. The use of bacterial preparations is combined with the use of Khilak-forte drops in medium therapeutic doses. With constipation, Lactulose and Atsilact or Bifidumbacterin in suppositories also have a good effect.

Simultaneously with the start of treatment, the patient takes vitamins A, E and group B as part of multivitamin preparations (Glutamevit, Complivit, Kvadevit, Unicap-M, Centrum, etc.), enzyme preparations: Festal, Panzinorm-Forte, Digestal (for constipation) or Mezim -Forte, Pancreatin, Pankurmen, Pancintrat (with diarrheal syndrome).

3. Maintenance therapy. After a course of bacterial preparations, food supplements containing inulin are prescribed for 2-3 weeks (Jerusalem artichoke concentrate, Topivit, Jerusalem artichoke concentrate, etc.). After the main course of treatment, phytotherapy is prescribed (infusions of St. The full course of treatment ends with a 3-4-week intake of adaptogenic agents. The patient is also given recommendations on a balanced diet, which includes the use of curative fermented milk and vegetable products.

When carrying out this therapy, it must be borne in mind that dysbacteriosis is not an independent nosological unit, but only a pathogenetic link of the underlying disease, so the main attention should be directed specifically to its decoding and treatment.

Thus, doctors and patients today have a sufficient choice of means to preserve and maintain the balance of the normal microflora of the body. The task is to rationally and directed their application, taking into account the individual characteristics of the biocenosis in a particular patient, which depends on understanding the differences in the action of individual drugs and a clear understanding of the therapeutic goals pursued in their appointment.

To restore the intestinal microflora, drugs Lactobacterin and Bifidumbacterin are often prescribed individually or in combination. This confuses many, because the effect of these two drugs is almost the same, and the indications for use are not too different. What is the difference between Lactobacterin and Bifidobacterin? The drugs work due to bacteria belonging to different species.

What is the difference between Lactobacterin and Bifidobacterin?

The main difference between Lactobacterin and Bifidumbacterin is that lactobacilli predominate in the first drug, and bifidobacteria in the second. Both those and others are inhabitants of a healthy intestine and are vital for a person.

The normal ratio of bifidobacteria to lactobacilli corresponds to 100 to 1. Therefore, doctors prescribe Bifidumbacterin to patients much more often, because more bifidobacteria are required for normal life. An imbalance in the ratio of one bacteria to another is called. It can also be aggravated by the action of pathogenic microflora - staphylococci, streptococci, yeast and fungi.

Here are the main signs of dysbacteriosis:

• constipation or diarrhea;
• bloating;
• avitaminosis;
• constant feeling of fatigue;
• lack of appetite;
• flatulence.

Lactobacilli fight disease-causing microbes by producing the production of lactic acid, which kills foreign bacteria. Bifidobacteria multiply rapidly and simply displace the pathogenic microflora with their quantity, and also accelerate the release of bacterial waste products and toxins from the body. If you do not know what to choose - Lactobacterin or Bifidumbacterin, you can buy a complex probiotic, for example, Linex or Laktovit Forte.

There is also a little trick that allows you to make a choice: bifidobacteria have a slight laxative effect, and lactobacilli strengthen. Therefore, if you suffer from constipation, it is better to give preference to Lactobacterin, if you suffer from diarrhea - Bifidumbacterin. When asked which is better - Bifidumbacterin or Lactobacterin, there is no correct answer. These are the means of one category (probiotics) that are used in the treatment and prevention of dysbacteriosis on a par with each other, depending on the needs of the patient.

Is it possible to take Lactobacterin and Bifidumbacterin at the same time?

If two of these drugs are prescribed simultaneously, it is necessary to take both drugs without fail. If you cancel one of them, dysbacteriosis will only worsen. It is advisable to drink Lactobacterin and Bifidumbacterin at different times of the day, for example, one in the morning, the other in the evening. This allows one type of bacteria to settle in the gut before another type of bacteria enters.

There are a few more secrets of using these drugs:

Contraindications to both drugs are individual sensitivity and lactose intolerance. Side effects are extremely rare, usually various and diarrhea.