What is the left side of the brain responsible for? What is the right hemisphere of the brain responsible for?

The brain is the main organ of the central nervous system, which consists of a huge number of nerve cells and their processes, interconnected. This organ almost completely occupies the cavity of the cerebral part of the skull. It provides protection to the brain from external damage. As a person develops and matures, the brain gradually takes the form of a cranium.

Due to the activity of the brain, a person sees, hears, walks, works, experiences emotions, is able to communicate with other people, analyze, and think.

Structure

In adult men and women, the total mass of the organ is about 1.3-1.5 kg. Male and female brains differ little in weight (in women it is slightly lighter), while in newborns the weight of the organ is no more than 350-400 g, and in a 12-year-old child it is ~ 800-1000 g. The brain is located in the cranium and covered with three shells. It has a specific structure. The most essential parts of the organ are: oblong and posterior (which includes the pons and cerebellum, located behind the pons), anterior, diencephalon, midbrain.

The right and left hemispheres of the brain are responsible for the regulation of higher nervous activity, because. they contain departments that are responsible for writing, speech, hearing, vision. Thanks to the cerebellum, balance is ensured, and the trunk contains developed centers that control the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

In men, the brain completely stops growing in size by about 25 years, while in women this process is completed by the age of 15.

Between the two halves of the organ there is a longitudinal gap, the basis of which is the corpus callosum, which connects the hemispheres, ensuring the coordination of their work among themselves. Since school days, we know from anatomy that halves are responsible for the work of opposite sides of the body. For example, the right half is responsible for the functioning of the left side of the body.

Left Hemisphere Functions

The hemispheres of the brain are interconnected with the rest of the central nervous system, therefore they function in conjunction with subcortical structures.

If one of the hemispheres is damaged, then another can partially take over its functions. This testifies to the conjugated provision of the work of movements, higher nervous activity, sensitivity, sensory organs.

There are several zones in the cortex at once, which are responsible for performing specific functions. These zones work only together. For example, if a person wants to say something, then he thinks, analyzes, calculates, and then only speaks. In the process of communication, people express emotions: they are sad, happy, worried, laugh, etc., gesticulate, using facial muscles and hands for this. Such work is provided by the general functioning:

several zones of the cortex;
subcortical nuclei;
spinal and cranial nerves.

At the moment, the human brain has been studied by world science by less than 50%, but the process continues uninterruptedly.

Frontal lobe of the left hemisphere

If we talk about what the left hemisphere is responsible for, then first we should talk about the frontal lobe, due to which the ability to speak and think a person is ensured. It is one of the most important parts of the brain. Thanks to it, emotions appear and manifest, behavior and thought processes are controlled.

Speech motor zone

Allows you to ensure the normal functioning of the facial muscles, which is necessary for pronouncing complex phrases and words. To put it differently, thanks to the motor speech zone, speech is formed in a person as a whole. If he is right-handed, then in the left hemisphere the motor speech zone takes up much more space than in the right, and if he is left-handed, everything is exactly the opposite.

If the zone is destroyed or severely damaged, then the ability to speak is automatically lost. In this case, a person will be able to sing and shout without words. Also, when damaged, the ability to read to oneself, to formulate one's thoughts, is lost. Such damage does not affect the function of understanding the speech of other people.

There is a common myth that a person uses only 5-10% of his brain capacity. This is not true, because cells that are not used simply die.

motor zone

The left and right hemispheres contain the motor area of the cortex, which is necessary for ensuring the activity of the striated muscles. In the left hemisphere, the activity of the right side of the body, the coordination of the accuracy of movements, and orientation on the ground are controlled. Internal organs send their impulses to this zone.

If the motor cortex is damaged, then the following problems are observed:

disorders in the work of the cardiovascular system, respiratory organs;
paresis of the limbs;
ataxia.

parietal lobe

Here is the zone of sensitivity of muscles, joints, skin. The left hemisphere receives impulses from receptors on the right side of the body.

If this zone is damaged, then, in most cases, a person has sensory disturbances in some parts of the body, he will lose the ability to determine things by touch. Also, there is a loss of touch, the susceptibility of the ambient temperature, pain is not felt in the right side of the body.

temporal lobe

Its main functions are vestibular sensitivity and hearing. If the zone is damaged, then the right ear will stop hearing, the ability of the left ear to hear normally will be lost. The person will move less accurately, will begin to stagger when walking. Not far from the temporal lobe is the auditory speech center, due to which we can understand addressed speech and hear our own.

Occipital lobe

On the basis of the brain, visual and auditory fibers intersect. Therefore, the visual zone of the left hemisphere receives impulses from the retina of the right and left eyes. At the same time, if the area is damaged, then complete blindness will not occur in a person - violations are observed only in the left eye.

The occipital part of the head is also necessary to ensure the normal operation of the visual speech center - with its help we recognize written words and letters, and read.

Hemispheric specializations

The left and right hemispheres of the brain are responsible for certain functions.

The main specialization of the left hemisphere is logical thinking, therefore, it was previously widely believed that it was the left side that was dominant. But the dominance of the left hemisphere is observed only when certain functions are performed:

Language abilities, providing speech control, the ability to read and write, memory (remembering facts, names, dates, etc., writing them), learning foreign languages.
Comprehension of words (the left hemisphere can only understand the meaning of what is said literally).
Analytical thinking (recognition of numbers and mathematical symbols, logic, analysis of facts).
Sequential processing of information (the left hemisphere processes the received information in stages). The left side considers all the available details - it does not see the whole picture, unlike the right side, therefore it is not able to put together the information received.
Mathematical abilities (the left side recognizes symbols, numbers, a logical and analytical approach is used to solve mathematical problems, which are also provided by this hemisphere).
Control of the right side of the body (if you raise the right leg, this will indicate that the corresponding command came from the left hemisphere).

The hemispheres of the human brain are in interaction with each other, therefore, during mental activity, the central nervous system uses them together. There is a synchronization of the functioning of the two hemispheres. The central nervous system activates them and connects the results obtained. But it is still customary to clearly separate their mental functions.

It is widely believed that the larger the brain, the smarter and more brilliant a person is, but this is a delusion. Albert Einstein had a relatively small brain, which weighed about 1.2 kg. The size of the body does not affect the quality of mental activity.

There is a precise separation of certain functions. The right hemisphere is more responsible for intuition, so it cannot dominate. Its main functions also include:

Processing of non-verbal information (symbols, images).
Spatial orientation. The hemisphere allows a person to navigate in space, to correctly perceive their location. Due to the work of this side of the brain, a person is able to competently find the way to the right place, taking into account various factors, and create mosaic puzzle images.
Metaphors. Thanks to the work of the hemisphere, people can correctly perceive metaphors, guess riddles, and recognize the results of another person's imagination. If the left hemisphere allows us to literally understand and analyze the meaning of what has been written, then the right hemisphere takes a creative approach. For example, if we hear such a metaphor: “Simple as a felt boot”, then due to the work of the hemisphere, we will understand what they wanted to convey to us.

Mystic. Religion, mystical phenomena, superstitions and many other things from these areas - the right hemisphere of our brain is responsible for all this.
Musicality. Creativity is also attributed to the sphere of activity of the right hemisphere. Talents in the field of music, the ability to perceive musical works and much more related to music and other creativity are provided by the work of this side of the brain. It is interesting to note that not the right, but the left hemisphere will be responsible for receiving a musical education.
Imagination. Thanks to the right side of the brain, we can dream, imagine, fantasize. The hemisphere completely controls these processes, allows us to invent all sorts of stories, develops thoughts related to inventing new solutions and ways, making predictions, connecting memories into a single whole, etc. For example, it is the right side that asks questions like “What if?” and many others related to the creative thought process.
Emotions. If we talk about what our right hemisphere is responsible for, then the list can also include emotions that, in fact, are not a product of the activity of this hemisphere. At the same time, they are connected with the right side much more than with the left, which scientists have long been able to prove.

I am glad to welcome you, dear readers of my blog! As promised in the previous article, today we will consider what the right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for. I also want to offer an integrated approach to develop both halves. Then you will be successful in any activity, and also learn how to skillfully manage your hands, moreover, perform various functions at the same time.

Functions

The right hemisphere is responsible for our creative part, that is, the ability to fantasize, process information that comes in the form of images, symbols.

Helps to recognize non-verbal manifestations of a person, which, as you know, are very important in the process of communication, since body signals are true and truthful. It is thanks to this part of the brain that we can consider any situation from different angles, giving an objective assessment and, in general, capturing many nuances at the same time, managing to process and systematize them.

A person who has more developed logic does not understand jokes and takes everything literally. On the contrary, a creative person in this regard is very plastic, thinking with the help of metaphors. She is able to write poetry, music, draw and understand people well because she is intuitive and sensitive. He is well oriented in the area, again - thanks to the ability to approach problem solving in a non-standard way, putting puzzles into one picture in his imagination.

Of course, if you raise your left arm or leg up, this means that the opposite hemisphere has joined in the work, since the left side of your body obeys it. It is generally accepted that the orientation of a person with a dominant right half is directed to the environment, that is, outward and is called extraversion.

He is more sociable, prone to emotions and momentary impulses. It does not act according to a clear plan, but based on the situation, adjusting to changing conditions. To find out which half of your brain is more developed, you can experiment by completing the tasks outlined for the left hemisphere of the brain.

Exercises

So, in order to pump up your creative part, you should visit exhibitions, museums, art galleries, and, of course, try yourself in writing poems, stories, practice drawing, even if it is abstract and understandable only to you. Dancing helps to coordinate movements, which also has a positive effect on development.
Start practicing visualization techniques that will help you achieve your goals faster, as well as help develop the ability to fantasize and dream. This is easy to do, just study for a start, where I talk in detail about all the nuances of the practice.
Meditation is not easy for people who have well developed logical thinking, but it is very effective for them. And not only to expand the boundaries of consciousness, the ability to move away from a clear structure and think in volume, but also to improve the quality of life and health. Start with the simplest meditation focused on breathing and the ability to concentrate. You will find detailed instructions.
Massage your left ear, this will help activate the right side of the brain. Suitable in cases where it is necessary to creatively approach the solution of any issue, rely on your intuition.
Creativity is not limited to drawing and poetry, read jokes and watch humorous programs, laughter will not only activate the brain, but also improve well-being, preventing the onset of depression. Besides, do you know that people who use humor and sarcasm in their speech have a high level of intelligence?
When listening to music, try to listen to your feelings, breathing. Let images, associations and pictures swirl freely in your head, do not control them by trying to get rid of them. Just watch them, like an involuntary spectator of the performance, which was organized by your consciousness and subconsciousness.

An integrated approach to the development of both halves of the brain

As I said, it is important to coordinate the work of both halves in order to expand their capabilities and the functions for which they are responsible. Then a creative approach to solving even the most complex tasks will be provided to you, as well as the speed and efficiency of information processing will increase.

Sit comfortably with a straight back, choose a point in front of you, you will have to concentrate on it. After about a minute, try with your peripheral vision, without taking your eyes off the chosen point, to consider what is to your left, and then to your right.
With one hand, stroke your stomach, and with the other, perform tapping movements on your head. Slow at first to adjust, then pick up the pace over time.
Also, the development of both hemispheres will provide you with such a task: put the finger of one hand on the tip of your nose, and with the other hand, grab the ear opposite to it. For example, the left ear should be taken by the right hand. As soon as you take hold, clap your hands and do the same, changing the position of your hands. That is, the fingers of a completely different hand touch the nose, exactly the same scheme with the ears.
Extend your arms in front of you, draw one of them in the air, for example, a square, and the other a circle. When you feel that there are successes, come up with new figures to master.

Conclusion

Do the exercises, and over time you will notice how easier it has become to make decisions and do your usual work, communicate with people and so on. You can periodically check the level of intelligence, how much it rises and changes. You can learn more about this from the article.

Our brain is a mystery, but on the pages of this blog, I will collect information about all the possible ways to develop it. Subscribe to updates, so as not to miss the release of new articles. Bye bye.

FUNCTIONAL ASYMMETRY OF THE HEMISPHERES

BRAIN.

The brain consists of three large parts: the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the brain stem. In terms of size and functional significance, the large brain plays a leading role. Therefore, in a simplified version, it can be called the brain. The brain consists of the left and right hemispheres. Morphologically or in form, they are very similar to each other. However, they cannot be called paired organs, since in functional terms they are not unambiguous. is responsible for the person, and the right one for his emotional characteristics. Given the fact that it is in the sphere of their functional activity that a person’s personal characteristics, his behavior, habits, emotions, intellectual abilities and, ultimately, his fate are located, the study of the brain is an urgent need. In addition, this is an extremely interesting activity that brings us more and more surprises. So we found that in the majority of our people, the right hemisphere is more active than the left. Since the right hemisphere is responsible for the formation of a person’s negative emotional status, we can assume that we are more emotional than rational and, moreover, negatively emotional. Simply put, we are very angry, aggressive and vindictive. And this, first of all, hits us ourselves, it greatly harms our family and social relations, undermines our health and shortens our lives by 10-15 years. How to fix this situation?

Functions of the cerebral hemispheres

Functional ambiguity of the cerebral hemispheres was identified on the basis of data on speech disorders. This discovery has its roots in the second half of the 19th century. Based on the results of post-mortem autopsy of patients who lost the power of speech, the French clinician P. Broka established a connection between this disease and lesions of nerve cells in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere of the brain. Somewhat later, S. Wemecxe described the loss of the ability to communicate verbally, the so-called sensory aphasia, in a patient with damage to the temporal gyrus of the same hemisphere. Further, it was found that the left hemisphere of the brain dominates not only in speech, but also in the processes of reading, writing, counting, and the ability to think logically. The concept of the dominance of the left hemisphere of the brain was formulated. The right hemisphere was presented as subordinate and without specific properties.

However, facts were accumulating in the clinic, clarifying the importance of the right hemisphere in the formation of a person's emotional status. In 1881, B. Luys, examining patients with focal brain lesions and complete loss of voluntary movements of one half of the body (hemiplegia), showed that the right hemisphere of the brain plays a dominant role in the sphere of emotions. Somewhat later, the dominance of the right hemisphere in the expression of emotions was determined by H. Sackkeim. It turned out that the right hemisphere is responsible for emotions and, to a greater extent, for negative emotions. With the predominance of the function of the right hemisphere, a person is prone to negative perception of the environment. He sees, first of all, the negative aspects of events, remembers them better and remembers them longer. Thus, with the dominant activity of the right hemisphere over the left, a negative emotional profile of the personality is formed, the severity of which depends on the degree of this activity. Further research in this area showed a deeper connection in terms of functional relations of the left and right hemispheres, their mutually complementary specialization. As it turned out, the functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres is ambiguous, complexly mosaic, and has age-related features. However, quite reasonably and with a fairly high degree of certainty, it can be argued that the left hemisphere, to a greater extent, is verbally logical, responsible for the intellectual level of the individual, while the right hemisphere, to a greater extent, is spatial = sensual. A high level of activity of one or another hemisphere determines The functional ambiguity of the cerebral hemispheres was formed during the evolution of the central nervous system (CNS).

Evolution of the CNS.

In the development of the nervous system of animals, it is customary to distinguish three successive stages, or three nodal and tubular. The first multicellular organisms, such as the freshwater Hydra polyp, had a diffuse nervous system.

Nerve cells are located over the entire surface of the outer layer of the hydra. They have a star-shaped form, because they are equipped with long processes. The processes of closely located nerves are in contact with each other, and some of them are in contact with skin-muscle cells. The working state of the nerve cell is excitation. If you touch the hydra with a thin needle, then the excitation from irritation of one of the nerve cells is transmitted through the processes to other nerve cells, and from them to the skin-muscle cells. There is a contraction of muscle fibers, and the hydra shrinks into a small lump.

Further development of the nervous system leads to the fact that scattered throughout the body of our previously described hydra, nerve cells are gradually grouped into nerve chains and nerve ganglions - clusters of nerve cells. The first representative in whom we observe the nodal nervous system are flatworms and their typical representative is the white planaria. This worm 1-2 cm long, living in ponds and streams, has a white body with a translucent intestine full of dark food. One of the features of the planarian nervous system is bilateral symmetry. Her right side looks like her left. All planarian organs are arranged in pairs on both sides of an imaginary plane running along the body of the animal. Bilateral symmetry is characteristic of most multicellular animals, including humans. Planaria has two nerve trunks on the sides. In the anterior part, both nerve trunks end in large ganglions connected to each other. In annelids, they form into large suboesophageal and supraoesophageal nodes. These two large nodes and nerve trunks are the precursors of the modern CNS of vertebrates and humans.

The larger subpharyngeal node provides tactile, and the supraglottic node provides digestive functions. Further, in the process of evolution, the supraglottic node moves to the left, and the subpharyngeal node to the right and up. Thus, the right and left hemispheres of the brain are formed. The rotational movements of the supraglottic and subpharyngeal nodes connected to the nerve trunks lead to the crossing of the nerve pathways. Two nerve trunks plunge deep into the muscle tissue and, connecting with each other, form the primary spinal cord. The functional and morphological ambiguity of the supraesophageal and subesophageal nodes was the cause of the functional ambiguity of the left and right hemispheres of the human brain.

functional typology

The functional asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres makes it possible to classify people according to the degree of relative activity of the left or right hemispheres of the brain. Psychologists have always tried to divide people into psychophysiological types.

The first attempt at such a classification of people goes back to the distant past. In the 5th century BC. The ancient Greek physician, reformer of ancient medicine Hippocrates created the doctrine according to which the human body consists of 4 elements: air, water, fire, and earth. It was assumed that the compounds of these elements create 4 substances: blood, mucus, black bile, yellow bile, which determine the 4 types of a person. Somewhat later, 130-200 BC, a follower of Hippocrates, the Greek physician Claudius Gallen proposed to distinguish 4 main psychological types based on the emotional state of a person. This is a sanguine person - prone to joy, a phlegmatic person - to calmness, a melancholic person - to melancholy and a choleric person - an angry type. This classification has withstood two millennia. A physiological connection of some diseases with the Melancholic was revealed. So the melancholic is prone to certain diseases of the cardiovascular system, vegetative-vascular dystonia, depression, schizoid psychopathy. Choleric, for example, is prone to dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, spasms, convulsions, mania, hysteroid or epileptoid psychopathy. Knowledge of the psychotype is of great importance in medicine to clarify the diagnosis and treatment, as well as in the correction of social relations.

In the twentieth century, the study of psychotypes received a new direction associated with psychoanalysis developed by Z. Freud. The most significant in this regard is the typology of C. Jung, one of the outstanding students of Z. Freud. He puts 4 classes of people at the basis of his system: thinking, feeling, sensing and intuitive. Each of these people of one class or another can manifest themselves as both extraverted and introverted, forming a total of 8 psychotypes. According to K. Jung's classification, an introvert tends to leave all experiences within himself, he is easily vulnerable and defenseless, subject to any idea, and it is difficult for him to reconsider his views. In this regard, extroverts are much easier. They are sociable, easily oriented in any environment, society, able to predict and rebuild their relationships. They get everything surprisingly easily, and they do not notice their troubles and simply pass them through their fingers.

IP Pavlov based the classification developed by him on the main processes in the activity of the central nervous system. He singled out 4 types of higher nervous activity according to strength, balance, excitation and inhibition of nervous processes.

All of the above classifications did not take into account the fact of functional ambiguity of the left and right hemispheres of the brain. As it turned out, the dominance of one or another hemisphere has a serious influence on the mental activity and behavior of a person. It was proposed to distinguish two psychotypes: left hemisphere and right hemisphere, where the characteristic of the main properties of each type is the functional orientation of the dominant hemisphere of the brain. The problem lies in the scientifically substantiated determination of the dominance of one or another hemisphere. A.P. Anuashvili proposes to identify the dominance of the right or left hemisphere of the brain by determining the difference in the amplitudes of oscillatory processes in one or another hemisphere and the degree of consistency of these oscillatory processes with each other. To determine these parameters, direct measurements are required using sensors that measure the electromagnetic radiation of the brain. In addition to the fact that this technique requires the use of expensive specialized equipment that is not available for wide use, the electromagnetic characteristics of brain radiation are characterized by a high level of instability. They are easily changed and depend on many additional factors. Obviously, this significantly affects the objectivity of the research results and requires the accumulation of a large amount of statistical material.

Synthesized photographs.

We have proposed a method for indirect determination of the predominant hemisphere of the brain by comparing the surface area of the left and right halves of the face. The surface of the face is formed by its mimic muscles, and the more it is developed, the greater the surface area of the face. The development of facial muscles directly depends on the functional activity of the cortical complexes of neurons in the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Since the mimic muscles of the left and right faces are innervated contralaterally, that is, by opposite hemispheres, the surface area of the right face depends on the activity of the left hemisphere, and the surface area of the left face, respectively, depends on the activity of the right hemisphere. With stable dominance or higher activity, for example, of the right hemisphere, the mimic muscles of the left half of the face will be developed much stronger than the mimic muscles of the right half of the face, and therefore the surface area of the left half of the face will be larger than the surface area of the right half of the face. Note that the dominance of one hemisphere or a higher degree of excitation of its neurons, as a rule, causes a relative inhibition of nervous processes in the opposite hemisphere. This further enhances the above effect.

To identify the dominant hemisphere, the surface areas of the synthesized photographs of the left and right faces were compared. The synthesized photograph is a photographic image composed of one half of the face and its mirror image. The face in the photograph is divided along the axial anatomical line into two halves, and two synthesized photographs are made from each half. The left half of the face and its mirror image are taken and the left face is combined. The combined photograph of the right face is taken in the same way. This was done using a computer program. Next, the surface areas of the left and right faces of the synthesized photographs were measured. The same scale of photographs and their frontal images allow comparative mathematical processing. The area of the desired half of the face was limited on the one hand by the central axial anatomical line, and on the other hand by the external contours of the face.

To determine the dominant hemisphere and the degree of its dominance, the concept of the face asymmetry coefficient was introduced, which was determined by the ratio of the surface areas of the left and right faces. If the ratio of the area of the left face to the area of the right is greater than one, that is, the area of the left face is greater than the right, then this means that the right hemisphere is more active than the left. If this ratio is less than one, then the left hemisphere is more active. If this coefficient is equal to one, then the face is absolutely symmetrical and both hemispheres have the same activity. Thus, we can easily identify which hemisphere of the subject is active and determine its individual coefficient of asymmetry. Researches were conducted among students of NSMA.

The results were somewhat unexpected. We saw that, quantitatively, the number of right hemisphere and left hemisphere types should be approximately the same. However, in percentage terms, the number of right hemisphere people was 87.7%, the number of left hemisphere 12.3%. The number of symmetrically functioning hemispheres is equal to zero. One hemisphere is always slightly more active than the opposite one. The average coefficient of asymmetry in the group with an active left hemisphere was 0.944, and in the group with an active right hemisphere 1.087. Additional studies were conducted among various age and social groups. The results were identical. We are all very emotional and, as a rule, first we do, and then we think, we do things, and then we repent.

Functional typology.

The left hemisphere processes information by sequentially encoding and comparing its details, that is, it goes from analysis to synthesis, where conclusions are drawn after careful processing of data. Only after that, the left hemisphere determines the goals and outlines the paths for their implementation. This approach guarantees a high level of success and efficiency. Analyzing the situation happening here and now, the left hemisphere stakes on the future. Such a person, in the course of his present activity, predicts the expected future and sees himself in this situation as an active person. He shows exceptional ingenuity and cold judgment in difficult situations. This allows you to exclude the adoption of erroneous decisions and avoid undesirable consequences. Among these people we see scientists, engineers, leaders. Taking into account all the circumstances and features of the functioning of the left hemisphere, the ways of his perception of the surrounding reality and the expression of his mental essence, a person whose left hemisphere dominates is defined as an intellectual logical type.

The right hemisphere plays a leading role in the emotional sphere of human mental activity. Given the fact that the left hemisphere, in addition to everything, takes on the whole range of positive emotions, then naturally, we turn out to be not only emotional, but negatively emotional. The right hemisphere provides a holistic and figurative perception of the world, but this perception always has a negative connotation. The bad is always remembered better than the good, it tends to accumulate. Working in the present, the right hemisphere relies solely on the past, looks for adverse circumstances there and relies on them when making decisions. This leads to undesirable and unforeseen consequences. And that's putting it mildly. The right hemisphere operates in analog mode with a very narrow range of analysis. It compares objects in terms of good or bad, evil or good, right or wrong, and is completely incapable of compromise. People who are dominated by the right hemisphere are of the sensual type, they are overly emotional and, being in the power of emotions, are not able to think. However, emotionally, they are very expressive, they perceive the world around them on a sensual level, they are capable of compassion, charity, and are ready for self-sacrifice in the struggle for justice. Leaders emerge from this environment. It is from here that painters, sculptors, poets, singers, artists, and ultimately romantics, come to us, decorating our society, giving it attractiveness and direction. This is good. But there is one thing that weighs on us. This is an annoyance.

The right hemispheric type initially carries irritation and the basis for this is the constant activity of the right hemisphere, its negative emotional orientation. It is a smoldering volcano that lives in our souls. Any unforeseen obstacle causes unbridled anger in us. This happens as a result of generalization of excitation, when negative emotions capture the entire brain. Here, any external impulse only enhances the excitement. If such a person is not stopped, he can commit any crime, up to murder.

Underlying irritation keeps us in a state of, albeit mild, but constant depression. Any, even a minor adverse situation can plunge us into a real depression. Uncertainty, anxious and painful state, suppressed, unbearable mental pain, a feeling of worthlessness. This terrible list can be continued indefinitely. It only needs to be said that the consequences of such a state do not bode well. They are the cause of a number of serious diseases. These are, first of all, stomach ulcers, bronchial asthma, diabetes mellitus and cardio = vascular diseases. In severe forms of depression, nervous disorders and a suicidal syndrome occur, which often ends in tragedy. In all these indicators, we are almost leaders. This is our national identity. In general, all this reduces life expectancy to 10 - 15 years, depending on the degree of asymmetry of the hemispheres. How to fix this situation?

Psychological correction.

Studies of various types of people confront psychologists with the problem of eliminating the negative characteristics of the personality, changing it in a positive direction. The task is to create a harmonious, highly spiritual, creative personality, helping her to reveal her positive qualities, to promote physical health. Now that the reasons for our many misfortunes are clear, let's consider methods of dealing with evil fate, which does not allow us to live peacefully and happily.

Manifestations of the functional state of the cerebral hemisphere on the face of a person make it possible to obtain, with visual processing of synthesized photographs of the left and right faces, a correction of the psychological state of a person. Looking at the synthesized photographs, composed of the left and right halves of the face, the subject sees two different people. What happens that the brain seeks to eliminate, eliminating the asymmetry between the left and right halves of the face. The synthesized photographs show the naked reality to the brain, the result of its unsuccessful activity and encourage it to correct the situation. The brain has a tremendous capacity for self-healing and self-improvement. When, finally, the goals are determined, consciousness proceeds to self-correction.

Visualization or viewing of synthesized photographs should be done before going to bed, in a calm environment. You should view the photos one by one, for several minutes each. Further, the work to correct functional distortions in the brain is going on at a subconscious level. The course of this psychotherapy is 7-10 days and is repeated after 1 month. Enough 2 - 3 courses. As a result of such psychotherapy, human behavior changes, the geometric proportions and emotional expression of the face change in a positive direction. Immunity and self-esteem increase, diseases go away, pressure normalizes.

The brain is the most important organ that controls the human body. Thanks to its functioning, people are able to see, hear, walk, experience emotions, communicate with each other, feel, analyze, reflect and love. The latter properties are unique to man. Before answering the question of what the left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for, you need to remember the anatomy of grade 9: what the brain consists of.

Structure of the brain

The mass of an organ in an adult is approximately 1400 g. It is located in the cavity of the cranium, covered with membranes on top (soft, hard, arachnoid). There are 3 most significant parts: hemispheres, cerebellum, trunk. The hemispheres of the brain regulate higher nervous activity; they contain departments responsible for vision, hearing, speech, and writing. provides balance, the centers for controlling breathing and heartbeat are laid in the trunk.

Interesting! The brain in men completes its growth by the age of 25, and in women - by 15!

A longitudinal gap passes between the cerebral hemispheres, in the depth of which it is located. The latter connects both hemispheres and allows them to coordinate each other's work. From anatomy lessons, many remember that each of the hemispheres controls the opposite side of the body. From this it follows that the left hemisphere is responsible for the right half of the body.

The brain has 4 lobes (we will talk about them below). Shares are divided by three main furrows: Sylvieva, Rolandova and parietal-occipital. In addition to furrows, the brain has many convolutions.

It is useful to know what it is: forms, possibilities.

Why does a person need: connection with the parts of the brain, the causes of the violation.

The very substance of the brain is divided into gray (cortex) and white. Gray is made up of neurons and lines the top of the brain. The thickness of the cortex is about 3 mm, and the number of neurons is about 18 billion. White matter is the pathways (fibers of neurocytes) that occupy the rest of the brain. It is the cortex that controls the whole life of a person from sleep to the manifestation of emotions.

Functions of the left hemisphere of the brain

Large hemispheres are not isolated from other components of the nervous system, they work together with subcortical structures. In addition, with damage to one hemisphere, the other can partially take over the functions of the first, which indicates the joint provision of the work of movements, sensitivity, higher nervous activity and sensory organs.

The cortex is divided into zones responsible for certain functions (vision, hearing, and others), but they do not function separately. To say something, a person must first think, analyze, calculate. During a conversation, people show emotions (sadness, joy, anxiety, laughter), gesticulate, that is, they use their hands, facial muscles. All this is ensured by the coordinated work of several zones of the cortex, subcortical nuclei, cranial and spinal nerves. So, what are the different parts of the brain responsible for?

Interesting! The human brain is less than half explored!

Frontal lobe of the left hemisphere of the brain

Responsible for movement, ability to speak, personality, thinking. is the part of the brain responsible for emotions, behavior, thinking.

motor cortex

Responsible for the activity of the striated muscles of the right half of the body, coordination of precise movements, orientation in the area. Impulses from internal organs go to this department. When it is damaged, ataxia, paresis of the limbs, a disorder in the work of the heart, blood vessels, and respiration occurs. The picture below shows the topical affiliation of organs and body parts to the precentral gyrus.

Speech motor zone

Provides the work of facial muscles for pronouncing complex words, phrases. In other words, she is responsible for the formation of speech. In all right-handers, the motor speech zone in the left hemisphere occupies a larger area than in the right.

When this zone is destroyed, a person loses the ability to speak, but can scream or sing without words. And also reading to oneself is lost, the formulation of thoughts, but the ability to understand speech does not suffer.

parietal lobe

Here is the zone of sensitivity of the skin, muscles, joints. Impulses from the skin receptors of the arms, legs, torso on the right go to the left hemisphere. If this zone is damaged, there is a violation of sensitivity in some parts of the skin, the ability to determine objects by touch. The sense of touch is lost, the perception of temperature, pain of the right limbs, as well as the trunk on the right, changes.

temporal lobe

The auditory zone is responsible for hearing, vestibular sensitivity. When the zone is destroyed on the left, deafness occurs on the right side, and the ability to hear on the left ear decreases sharply, movements become inaccurate, and staggering occurs when walking (see). Nearby is the auditory speech center, thanks to which people understand the addressed speech and hear their own.

The zone of taste and smell works together with the stomach, intestines, kidneys, bladder, and the reproductive system.

Occipital lobe - visual area

The visual fibers at the base of the brain also intersect, as do the auditory ones. Thus, impulses from both retinas of the eyes go to the visual part of the left hemisphere. Therefore, if this zone is damaged, complete blindness does not occur, but only half of the retina on the left suffers.

The back of the brain is also responsible for the visual center of speech, the ability to recognize written letters and words, so people can read text. The picture shows the parts of the brain responsible for behavior, memory, hearing, touch.

The difference between the left hemisphere and the right

As it has already become clear, in both hemispheres there are speech, visual, auditory and other zones. So what is the difference between them? Is it only in control of opposite halves of the body? Of course not!

Features of the left hemisphere:

Logic, analysis, thinking.
Numbers, math, calculation.
Step by step solution of complex problems.
The ability to understand literally.
Clear facts, arguments, without unnecessary information.
Teaching foreign languages, the ability to control speech.

All about and functions, violations and their consequences.

It is useful to know what it is: a role in the human body, signs of dysfunction.

Everything about: from anatomy to diseases.

What is the right hemisphere of the brain responsible for?

Intuition, imagination, emotions.
Perception, musicality, artistry.
Fantasy, bright colors, the ability to dream.
Creating an image according to the description, addiction to mysticism, riddles.

How to determine the dominant hemisphere?

It is said that right-handers have a more developed left hemisphere, while left-handers have the opposite. This is not entirely true. A person can write with his left hand, but be a born mathematician, skeptic, logician and analyst, not at all be fond of painting, music and at the same time not believe in mysticism. It's really hard to tell which hemisphere is dominant, because both of them work when it's needed.

The human brain is the main part of the central nervous system, it is located in the cranial cavity. The composition of the brain includes a huge number of neurons, between which there are synaptic connections. These connections allow neurons to form electrical impulses that control the full functioning of the human body.

The human brain is not fully understood. Scientists believe that in a person only a part of neurons are involved in the process of life, and therefore many people do not show their possible abilities.

The left hemisphere of the brain and related functions

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for verbal information, it is responsible for the language abilities of a person, controls speech, the ability to write and read. Thanks to the work of the left hemisphere, a person is able to remember various facts, events, dates, names, their sequence and how they will look in writing. The left hemisphere is responsible for the analytical thinking of a person, thanks to this hemisphere, logic and analysis of facts are developed, as well as manipulations with numbers and mathematical formulas. In addition, the left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the sequence of the information processing process (step-by-step processing).

Thanks to the left hemisphere, all information received by a person is processed, classified, analyzed, the left hemisphere establishes cause-and-effect relationships and formulates conclusions.

The right hemisphere of the brain and its functions

The right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for processing the so-called non-verbal information, that is, for processing information expressed in images and symbols, and not words.

The right hemisphere is responsible for the imagination, with its help a person is able to fantasize, dream, and also compose, learn poetry and prose. Here are located the ability of a person to initiative and art (music, drawing, etc.). The right hemisphere is responsible for parallel processing of information, that is, like a computer, it allows a person to simultaneously analyze several different streams of information, make decisions and solve problems, considering the problem at the same time as a whole and from different angles.

Thanks to the right hemisphere of the brain, we make intuitive connections between images, understand a variety of metaphors, and perceive humor. The right hemisphere allows a person to recognize complex images that cannot be decomposed into elementary components, for example, the process of recognizing people's faces and the emotions that these faces display.

Synchronized work of both hemispheres

The intuitive work of the right hemisphere of the brain is based on facts that have been analyzed by the left hemisphere. It should be noted that the work of both hemispheres of the brain is equally important for a person. With the help of the left hemisphere, the world is simplified and analyzed, and thanks to the right hemisphere, it is perceived as it really is.

If there were no right, "creative" hemisphere of the brain, people would turn into unemotional, calculating machines that could only adapt the world to their life activity.

It should be noted that the right hemisphere controls the work of the left half of the human body, and the left hemisphere - the right half of the body. That is why it is believed that a person who has a better developed left half of the body ("left-handed") has better developed creative abilities. By training the corresponding part of the body, we train the hemisphere of the brain that is responsible for these actions.

In a predominant number of people, one of the hemispheres dominates: the right or the left. When a child is born, he evenly uses the opportunities that he initially has in different hemispheres. However, in the process of development, growth and learning, one of the hemispheres begins to develop more actively. So, in schools where there is a mathematical bias, little time is devoted to creativity, and in art and music schools, children almost do not develop logical thinking.

However, nothing prevents you from training both hemispheres of the brain yourself. So, Leonardo da Vinci, who regularly trained, was fluent in both his right hand and his left. He was not only a creative person, but also an analyst who had excellent logical thinking, and in completely different fields of activity.