Symptoms of scarlet fever and its treatment at home. Treatment of the disease at home Symptoms of a more serious type of pathology

Usually, angina occurs when a child's blood pressure decreases. Taking advantage of the situation, the microbes living in the nasopharynx are activated, and the mucous membranes of the nose and pharynx are not able to contain their pressure.

The body's defenses can be weakened for several reasons. In autumn or winter, immunity is tested for endurance by low air temperature outside the window. Angina can be caused by a streptococcal infection, a seasonal virus (for example,), airborne chemicals, dust, smoke, pollen, and mold. You can get infected from another person by airborne droplets. However, troubles can also begin as a result of fairly harmless actions: for example, if the baby inhales dry air through the mouth for a long time, screams a lot or sings a lot.

The first signs of angina

At the very beginning, the child will complain of a sore throat, which is aggravated by swallowing. In addition, weakness and fever may occur.

In children under 4 years of age, angina proceeds differently: kids complain not of a sore throat, but of nausea, discomfort in the abdomen and fever. Another characteristic symptom is enlarged and reddened tonsils, which, depending on the type of angina (catarrhal, follicular or lacunar), are partially or completely covered with a purulent coating. In parallel, the lymph nodes in the neck and under the ear at the base of the jaw become larger, touching them usually causes pain. If you notice these symptoms, call your doctor.

To make a diagnosis, a doctor needs to determine whether the sore throat is caused by bacteria or a virus and rule out diphtheria by taking a throat swab. Only in this case, the baby can be given the right treatment.

Behavior rules

Angina is usually treated at home. Doctors prescribe effective bactericidal drugs (and sometimes antibiotics) that relieve the main symptoms of the disease in two to three days. Although the child will feel weak and tired in the next 7-10 days, you can help him recover faster.

Keep the baby in bed, feed him light and liquid food (soups, steam cutlets), do not give anything spicy and hot. Pay special attention to drinks: often offer your baby tea with lemon, juices, jelly.

If the baby is sick, give the same volume of liquid, but in small doses (a teaspoon or dessert spoon).

If the baby has a fever, do not wrap him up, and if the temperature approaches 39 ° C, give a paracetamol-based antipyretic.

For gargling, which must be repeated 5-6 times a day, prepare an infusion of medicinal herbs or use a 2% solution of soda, table salt or sea salt. At the same time, remember that children after three years of age can properly gargle, although they sometimes swallow part of the prepared liquid during the procedure.

Put warm compresses on the baby's neck (for example, with vodka). First, soak a cotton or linen cloth in the solution, then, after squeezing, wrap it around the child's neck. Put parchment or plastic wrap on top, then a layer of cotton wool, on top of it - a soft woolen scarf. Secure with a bandage or scarf and warm the throat for 1.5-2 hours.

If the baby often suffers from tonsillitis, contact the nearest rehabilitation treatment department. Doctors can offer you to take a special wellness course twice a year, which includes gymnastics, massage and various types of physiotherapy (electric light therapy, halotherapy - treatment with the microclimate of salt caves, aroma and aerophytotherapy - treatment with volatile components of essential oils, etc.) .

Scarlet fever in children

This childhood infection was once considered very dangerous, but in our time, antibiotics help doctors deal with it in a matter of days. The main thing is to recognize the disease as soon as possible.

Scarlet fever is caused by group A streptococci, relatives of those that cause tonsillitis, otitis media, and sinusitis. These bacteria are easily transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Most often, scarlet fever affects children after 1 year; in adults, it almost never occurs, and babies are protected from it by their mother's immunity.

Once in the body of a child, the infection manifests itself rather quickly: only a few hours can pass from the moment of infection; but sometimes the latent (doctors will say - the incubation) period of the disease is delayed up to 12 days.

Scarlet fever symptoms

Most often, troubles begin with the throat: in a baby, it becomes very inflamed and reddens, the temperature rises, and sometimes vomiting begins. The baby becomes lethargic, refuses to eat.

The fact that the cause of poor health is precisely scarlet fever, and not the usual one, will tell the baby's language. At the beginning of the disease, it is densely covered with a gray-yellow coating, but from the second or third day it clears along the edges and at the tip, becomes crimson, with bright papillae.

After a few hours, but more often after 1-2 days, a rash appears on the baby's skin, quickly spreading throughout the body. Small pink pimples soon turn dark red; because of this color, scarlet fever got its name (scarlatto in Italian - "crimson"). The rash gives the face of a sick baby a characteristic appearance: bright cheeks and lips against the background of a pale triangle around the mouth.

Rashes in scarlet fever often choose the sides, lower abdomen, skin folds, armpits and groin. The rash lasts 3-7 days; then the skin in its place begins to slip, especially on the palms (another typical sign of scarlet fever).

How to help a child?

Usually, doctors do not hospitalize babies with scarlet fever. Streptococcal infection will be treated with antibiotics, most likely penicillin - it is important to stop the development of the disease as early as possible, preventing complications in the heart and kidneys. Medicines manage to cope with the infection quickly, however, the child will have to spend 2-3 weeks at home, and the first 5-6 days in bed.

Within 7-10 days from the onset of the disease, the baby remains dangerous to others. During this time, he must be protected from communication with other children, and adult family members should take precautions so as not to get infected. They can be affected not by scarlet fever itself (it is very rare in adults), but by other forms of streptococcal infection that cause, for example, a sore throat.

Scarlet fever is not vaccinated - it is believed that it would be more difficult to bear than the disease itself. In addition, once faced with this infection, the body develops immunity against it for life.

What else is important for parents to remember?

Give the sick baby a special dish. Keep it separate from the general one and boil after use.
Every other day, change the child's bed linen, pajamas and towels, and boil the used ones and be sure to iron them with an iron.
The nursery should be fresh and cool (no higher than 20ºС) - microbes multiply faster in hot air. Ventilate the room 5-6 times a day, but avoid drafts, do wet cleaning and dusting every day.
If the baby is still receiving mother's milk, it is worth applying it to the breast more often - the protective components of milk will help to cope with the infection faster. Older children need to be fed little by little, but often give less difficult-to-digest protein foods: meat, butter, cottage cheese. Cook your baby tender soups, mashed potatoes, mashed cereals, omelettes; avoid foods that can scratch a sore throat, such as crackers and nuts. Until the child finally recovers, exclude everything fried, fatty, salty and sour.
More often drink crumbs diluted with water juices, fruit drinks, herbal tea.
Even if the baby's well-being improves quickly, be sure to complete the course of antibiotics prescribed by the doctor to prevent complications.
You can walk with a baby with scarlet fever only on the tenth day from the onset of the disease.

Discussion

We treat throat gargles with Yodangin powder, very effective and convenient, diluted in warm water and gargle 3-4 times a day.

May 27, 2019 06:49:46 PM, SerGo34

My son had a sore throat at the age of 6. How could they gargle. The doctor said with furacilin, plus Trachisan pills to get rid of the infection. A positive result was not long in coming. Within a week the inflammation went away and the child felt well.

An adult suffers a sore throat hard, and a child even more so. Tonsilotren helped my daughter well. I successfully cured my sore throat. And when the pediatrician prescribed it to my daughter, I knew for sure that it would help. Received as directed for 10 days. The throat was clear.

MamaKids, well, antibiotics are not good either. It is better to try to cope with a sore throat. My child has a sore throat quite often. And what-antibiotics way out? As soon as he complained of a sore throat, immediately Anti angina lozenges and let him chew. They often save us and we very rarely reach antibiotics. I don’t even remember when, at the age of 8, they probably last used them for treatment. And now we do well without them.

A good article, for those who are unfamiliar with angina, it will be doubly useful. I myself often suffered from sore throats in my childhood, I already know what they are and how they treat it, the first time I went to the hospital with a sore throat, after that I didn’t bring it to hospitalization. Knowing and having gone through this in children, I try to immediately begin treatment, or rather, I call a doctor, of course, with tonsillitis without antibiotics, nowhere, well, in this case, it’s better to drink an antibiotic than to treat complications later.

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All parents know that there are contagious childhood diseases. But not everyone knows how to recognize them, how dangerous they are and whether infection can be avoided. Vaccination helps against contracting certain infections, but for scarlet fever, for example, vaccinations are not given. Scarlet fever can be mild, but the complications are very serious. It is important to accurately establish the diagnosis of the disease, to conduct a full course of treatment.

Content:

How does scarlet fever occur?

The causative agent of scarlet fever is group A streptococcus, one of the most dangerous infections of this type. Once in the human blood, the bacterium begins to secrete erythrotoxin, a toxic substance that spreads throughout the body. Poisoning is accompanied by the appearance of specific painful symptoms. In the early days, scarlet fever can be confused with a common sore throat.

The infection is transmitted mainly by airborne droplets (when coughing, sneezing), less often - by household means (when the patient's saliva gets on clothes, toys, furniture, dishes). Streptococcal infection can be contracted from a sick or already recovering person. Sometimes scarlet fever proceeds with little to no symptoms, and parents take the baby to a children's institution, unwittingly contributing to the spread of infection. Very rarely, but there are cases when the infection enters the body through wounds on the skin.

Most often occurs in children under 10 years old, actively communicating with each other, attending kindergarten, school, playgrounds. Babies under the age of 6-7 months rarely get sick, as their body is protected from infection by maternal immunity transmitted through breast milk. After suffering from scarlet fever, a person develops stable immunity. The second time scarlet fever is extremely rare.

Video: Causes and symptoms of scarlet fever in children

Forms of scarlet fever and their symptoms

The characteristic symptoms of scarlet fever are high body temperature, sore throat (tonsillitis), skin rash and subsequent severe peeling of the affected areas. Perhaps the typical and atypical course of this disease.

Typical scarlet fever

Depending on the severity of the symptoms of typical scarlet fever, several forms of the disease are distinguished.

Light. The temperature of the child does not rise above 38 ° C. There is no nausea, vomiting and headache. Angina does not pass into a purulent form. The tongue turns red, papillae appear on it. But there are few spots of rash on the skin, they are pale. In some cases, the rash does not appear at all, the skin almost does not peel off. Temperature and sore throat exist in the first 5 days. Reddening of the tongue is noticeable for about 10 days. This form of the disease occurs most often, since treatment usually begins immediately when the first symptoms appear. Contributes to the easy flow of scarlet fever strengthening immunity, healthy nutrition and good physical development of children.

Medium severity. The temperature rises to 39-40 ° C, hallucinations and delusions may occur. There is a headache, nausea, vomiting. The heartbeat becomes more frequent, a state of the so-called "scarlet heart" occurs: shortness of breath and pain behind the sternum appear. A bright red rash develops on the skin, merging into spots.

Especially extensive spots are formed in the armpits, inguinal folds, on the bends of the elbow. Redness covers the neck and face, with the area around the mouth and nose (nasolabial triangle) remaining white. The tonsils are covered with pus. After recovery, there is a strong peeling of the skin at the site of pale spots.

Severe form is rare, accompanied by a temperature of up to 41 ° C with delirium and hallucinations. The rash is very strong. According to which symptoms prevail, 3 types of severe scarlet fever are distinguished:

Toxic scarlet fever. There are manifestations of severe intoxication. Possible lethal outcome.
Septic scarlet fever. Purulent inflammation spreads to the entire oral cavity, middle ear, lymph nodes.
Toxic-septic scarlet fever, in which all the symptoms are combined. This type of disease is the most dangerous.

Atypical scarlet fever

It can also take several forms.

Erased. There is no rash, other manifestations are mild. In this case, complications are possible, the patient is contagious.

Hypertoxic. It is extremely rare. Basically, there are signs of severe poisoning, from which the child can fall into a coma.

Hemorrhagic. Areas of hemorrhage appear on the skin and in the internal organs.

Extrapharyngeal. With this form of scarlet fever, the infection enters the body not through the throat, but through cuts on the skin.

Complications of scarlet fever

The appearance of complications is associated with the rapid spread of infection, inflammation of various organs. In addition, the consequences of the disease may appear due to exposure to erythrotoxin, which affects the kidneys, the nervous system, and destroys red blood cells.

Early complications occur already in the acute stage of the disease. These include:

inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis);
enlargement and inflammation of the lymph nodes (lymphadenitis);
pneumonia;
inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis);
inflammatory damage to the myocardium - the heart muscle (myocarditis);
phlegmonous tonsillitis - purulent inflammation of the tissues located around the tonsils.

Late complications do not appear immediately, but after about 3-5 weeks. The reason for this is the defeat of the immune system by toxins, the appearance of an allergic reaction to the proteins contained in streptococcal bacteria. These substances are similar in composition to proteins in the tissues of the human heart and joints. Due to the accumulation of such substances in the body, for example, rheumatism occurs (inflammation of the connective tissue of various organs). First of all, the heart, blood vessels and joints are affected. The complication occurs both with a prolonged course of scarlet fever, and with the re-entry of streptococci into the body of recently ill children.

Video: Complications of scarlet fever. Disease in children, prevention

How the disease progresses

There are several periods of development of scarlet fever:

incubation (accumulation of infection in the body);
initial (the appearance of the first signs of the disease);
acute stage (the height of the disease with the most severe manifestations and a significant deterioration in the patient's well-being);
final (recovery).

Incubation period(from the moment of infection until the first symptoms appear) lasts from 3 to 7 days, and sometimes even 12 days. During all this time, the child is a distributor of infection. You can get infected from it about a day before the first signs of infection appear.

initial stage disease lasts 1 day. At the same time, the throat begins to hurt badly. The baby cannot eat and talk normally, the symptoms of deterioration in well-being are growing. Skin rash causes itching. In the most severe cases, due to the intense heat, the patient becomes delirious.

If there is a mild form of scarlet fever, then the rash may be absent, and the temperature does not rise above 38 ° C.

Acute stage illness lasts up to 5 days. At the same time, the temperature is high, the head hurts a lot, the child is sick and vomits. There are vivid symptoms of erythrotoxin poisoning.

The dots of the rash merge, darken. The nasolabial triangle stands out sharply in its whiteness. Throat red and sore. Tongue crimson, swollen. Otitis, pneumonia and other early complications often appear.

Recovery. After a few days, the manifestations begin to subside. The recovery phase can last from 1 to 3 weeks until the rash completely disappears and the skin stops flaking. It exfoliates on the arms, legs, and even on the ears and armpits. The tongue gradually turns pale, the throat stops hurting.

If the course of treatment was not completed and it was stopped with the first signs of recovery, then inflammation can flare up in the area of \u200b\u200bthe internal organs, the brain (chorea occurs - involuntary body movements caused by unusual muscle contraction).

It should be emphasized: A person with scarlet fever remains infectious from the last day of the incubation period (24 hours before the onset of rash and fever) until 3 weeks have passed since the onset of the disease. At this time, he cannot be taken to kindergarten or school. It is desirable to comply with bed rest and limit contact with others.

The course of scarlet fever in children under 1 year

In such babies, scarlet fever occurs less frequently than in older ones. Young children are less in close contact with each other. The likelihood of the disease is low if the baby is breastfeeding. With mother's milk, he receives antibodies to streptococci, which reduce the body's sensitivity to the effects of infection. However, with direct contact with a sick family member, the baby can become infected with scarlet fever. Meeting with carriers of infection is possible in crowded places or in a clinic.

The disease begins with fever and the appearance of signs of sore throat (it is difficult for the baby to swallow, he is naughty, refuses to eat and drink). Then his tongue turns red and covered with a rash, profuse red rashes appear on the skin all over the body, especially on the cheeks and in the folds.

After 3-4 days, the rash turns pale and disappears, and the skin begins to peel off. There is inflammation in the throat.

A small child cannot report that he is in pain; he reacts to indisposition only by screaming. In order to reduce the intoxication of the body, it is necessary to drink water often. Parents should carefully monitor his condition. The occurrence of early complications is indicated by the appearance of areas of hemorrhages on the mucous membranes and skin, an increase in temperature up to 40 ° C. The cause may be a purulent lesion of various organs. The baby's pulse quickens due to a violation of cardiac activity. With severe scarlet fever, after recovery, there are signs of kidney disease and other late complications.

The complexity of the treatment of scarlet fever in children under 1 year old is that most antibiotics and antipyretics are contraindicated for them. Treatment of the baby must be carried out in stationary conditions, since the disease is instantly complicated, urgent measures must be taken to remove the child from a serious condition.

How to distinguish scarlet fever from other diseases

A red rash on the skin can also appear with some other diseases: measles, rubella, atopic dermatitis. Purulent inflammation of the tonsils is also not necessarily a manifestation of scarlet fever, since the defeat of the tonsils and the area closest to them is possible, for example, in diphtheria.

Scarlet fever can be distinguished by the following features:

"Flaming Throat". Mouth and throat red, swollen. The area of reddening is separated from the sky by a sharp border.
"Crimson tongue" - an edematous tongue of crimson color, on which enlarged papillae stand out.
Spotted rash on red swollen skin. The rash is especially dense in the folds of the skin and on the folds of the limbs.
White nasolabial triangle.
Peeling of the skin after the start of recovery. On the palms and feet, it comes off in stripes, and in other places - in small scales.

When examining a patient, the doctor presses his finger on the rash. She disappears and then reappears. Scarlet fever is characterized by high (from 38.5 to 41°C) temperature.

Diagnostics

The doctor makes an assumption about the presence of scarlet fever according to the results preliminary examination and detection of characteristic features. It turns out whether the child had scarlet fever before, whether he was in contact with sick people. The diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory tests.

General blood analysis shows the content of leukocytes and erythrocytes (with scarlet fever there are deviations from the norm).

Is taken swab from the throat and nasopharynx, bacteriological culture is done. This allows you to determine the presence and type of streptococcal infection, the sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics.

Throat smear on antigens to streptococci shows whether an infection is present in the body or not. The patient's blood is also examined for antigens.

Laboratory diagnostics in some cases, it makes it possible to detect an infection even in the incubation period, to avoid complications.

Video: Rash in a child. How to recognize the disease

Treatment of scarlet fever in children

Treatment of scarlet fever consists in the destruction of streptococci, lowering the temperature, eliminating sore throat, reducing itching, removing toxins from the body. Usually it is carried out at home. Children are hospitalized in whom scarlet fever occurs in moderate and severe form, especially if there are other babies in the house who have not suffered from scarlet fever, or pregnant women.

To combat streptococcal infection, antibiotics are used, such as amoxicillin, sumamed. The dose is prescribed depending on the age of the child and his weight. The duration of treatment is not less than 10 days. If you stop taking antibiotics earlier, as soon as you feel an improvement in the condition, then the cure is not only impossible, but also fraught with complications. If necessary, children are given antimicrobial agents (biseptol, metronidazole).

To prevent complications (such as myocarditis, rheumatism), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. As antipyretics, ibuprofen and paracetamol are used, which are available for children both in the form of tablets and in the form of syrups and suppositories. They also relieve sore throats.

Gargling is carried out with a solution of furacilin or soda, infusion of chamomile, calendula. Lugol solution is used to lubricate the throat.

Warning: Children can only be given drugs prescribed by a doctor. Adult medications such as aspirin can cause acute liver failure, a life-threatening condition.

To eliminate a burning sensation in the mouth and sore throat, the baby can be given cold water or ice cream. Food should be slightly warm, liquid. Drinking plenty of water helps to quickly get rid of toxins, lower the temperature, and prevent dehydration.

Strepsils helps with throat irritation. It should be borne in mind that a child under 4 years old can easily choke on a medicinal lollipop. With extreme caution and only after consulting a doctor, they give medicines to very young children. From inflammation of the throat, syrups (broncholithin and others) are used for them.

The skin can be lubricated with brilliant green, the combs can be treated with powders. To eliminate itching, antihistamines are used (Zyrtec, Suprastin - in the form of syrups or tablets). In some cases, cortisone skin creams are used.

For 1 month, a person who has been ill with scarlet fever is under the supervision of a doctor. Blood and urine tests are done, and an electrocardiogram is taken to detect complications and timely referral for treatment to a rheumatologist, cardiologist or urologist.

Video: Dr. E. Komarovsky about what scarlet fever is, its treatment and complications

Prevention of the spread of scarlet fever

In order for the ill baby not to infect other children, he is allowed to kindergarten only 12 days after recovery.

If a case of the disease is detected in a children's institution, then quarantine is declared there for 7 days. At this time, new children are not accepted there. The facility is operating as usual. Leaving the rest of the children at home during the quarantine is not worth it. This makes no sense, since they have already been in contact with the patient, the infection has entered the body.

Daily measurement of body temperature, examination of the throat and skin of children and staff is carried out. After each meal, the throat is rinsed with disinfectant solutions. Weakened children are given an injection of gamma globulin.

Scarlet fever is an infectious disease caused by streptococcus. The first symptoms of scarlet fever are very similar to the manifestation of a sore throat, so the correct treatment is not always prescribed. Predominantly kindergarten children and younger schoolchildren are ill with the disease. Weakened immunity opens the gates of infection. The peak incidence occurs in the cold autumn-winter season.

Streptococcus multiplies in the nasopharynx, causing inflammation of the lymph nodes and the appearance of a sore throat. This pathology is characterized by a rash, leading to purulent and allergic complications, diseases of the larynx. Transferred scarlet fever contributes to the formation of stable immunity. The danger is that the infection develops acutely, and untimely treatment can lead to the death of the child.

Incubation period and transmission mechanism

From the moment of infection to the appearance of the first symptoms, it can take from 1 to 10 days. The cause of infection is a sick person. Scarlet fever is transmitted by airborne droplets, the source of infection is:

a patient with scarlet fever, tonsillitis or streptococcal pharyngitis;
an ill and recovering patient who is contagious within 3 weeks and spreads the infection;
healthy person passively carrying staphylococcus aureus. He releases bacteria into the environment, but he himself does not get sick, as he has high immunity.

If the interlocutor coughs or sneezes during a conversation, then it is easy to become infected when bacteria enter the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx. Streptococcus is transmitted through household items: towels, pillows, dirty dishes. In rare cases, infection occurs from mother to child, through the birth canal.

The disease occurs in three stages: mild, moderate and severe. Recovery time depends on the stage.

The incubation period lasts from 1 day to 2 weeks. During this period of time, the disease does not manifest itself in any way. The infection is already underway, but the number of bacteria is too small for the first symptoms to appear. The duration of the period depends on the strength of the immune system and the number of bacteria that have penetrated.

If the disease develops rapidly, then self-treatment is unacceptable. In this case, it is recommended to visit a doctor.

Symptoms of the disease

Scarlet fever begins abruptly and is accompanied by several signs at once:

temperature above 39;
severe vomiting that worries constantly;
general malaise;
discomfort when eating and drinking;
hallucinations and delusions;
convulsive attacks;
inflammation of the lymph nodes and tonsils;
angina;
pain in the abdomen, as in appendicitis;
red spots and a rash all over the body, except for the nasolabial triangle;
pus accumulated on the tonsils.

For 2-5 days, the rash does not disappear. The temperature gradually decreases. After two weeks, the body begins to peel off strongly, this process lasts about a month.

The first symptoms are similar to a sore throat, so it is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis and treat it on time.

Complications of scarlet fever

Divided into early and late. Early deterioration of the condition is associated with the development of the following diseases:

necrotic angina;
abscess of the tonsils;
lymphadenitis;
otitis;
pharyngitis;
sinusitis;
abscess of the liver and kidneys;
sepsis.

Late complications are caused by the fact that with scarlet fever, immunity acts against its own body. Serious consequences affecting human health:

Damage to the heart valves. They become thin, which can cause them to break. Progressive heart failure. There is shortness of breath and aching pain in the chest area.
Synovitis affects the small joints of the hands and feet, they swell and ache.
Rheumatism affects the large joints. It causes complications of the cardiovascular system.
Glomerulonephritis causes kidney failure. Symptoms: after scarlet fever, the body temperature rises above 39, the lumbar region swells, urine becomes cloudy, and is excreted in smaller volumes.
Chorea. The brain is affected. Appears a month after scarlet fever. Symptoms: mood swings, insomnia, memory problems. Chaotic and uncontrolled movement of the limbs begins. There are violations of coordination, gait and conversation.

Late complications are associated with improperly chosen treatment tactics, which happens when the diagnosis is incorrect, or when the parents are engaged in independent “treatment” of the child.

Diagnostics

If scarlet fever is suspected, the specialist will definitely examine the oropharynx. A bright red tongue with a crimson tint, hypertrophy of the papillae, a pale nasolabial triangle, a rash in the form of red stripes on the skin folds and at the folds are all clear signs of scarlet fever. To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct laboratory blood tests. Usually, leukocytosis and elevated ESR are noted in the analyzes, which indicates the presence of a bacterial infection. Isolation of the pathogen is practically not carried out due to the characteristic clinical picture of the disease. For express diagnostics, the RCA method is used, which detects streptococcal antigens. A bacteriological analysis of mucus from the pharynx may be prescribed.

To detect complications in time, additional types of diagnostics are used:

ultrasound examination of the kidneys and general urinalysis;
An electrocardiogram will help to identify problems with the work of the heart.

With scarlet fever, consultations of an ENT doctor and a cardiorheumatologist will be required.

Traditional Treatments

Complicated scarlet fever requires urgent hospitalization of the child in a hospital. If there is no threat to the patient, home treatment is prescribed with medications:

Antibiotics are taken for 10-14 days. Apply Penicillin, Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Ampioks.
Paracetamol or Nurofen are suitable as antipyretics.
Be sure to prescribe antiallergic drugs: Suprastin, Tavegil, Tsetrin, Fenistil.
For the treatment of the throat, Hexetidine, Chlorhexidine will be effective.
Inhalations with an antibiotic solution may be prescribed.

Treatment of scarlet fever is not complete without methods that improve and strengthen health. It is recommended to observe the following rules:

drink plenty of fluids, preferably non-carbonated;
consume vegetables and fruits. It is better to make gruel out of them in order to avoid injuries to the mucous membrane of the throat;
drink vitamins - they will help increase immunity, which will lead to a speedy recovery;
In order not to infect your family and friends, be sure to observe personal hygiene measures. The patient should be given separate dishes, a towel, and it is desirable to isolate him from the rest;
things and bedding are changed every day.

To prevent the disease from developing, the following vaccinations and medicines are prescribed:

Intravenous immunoglobulin G obtained from donated blood. Immunoglobulin is administered to patients whose immunity does not produce the required amount of antibodies. Passive immunity develops.
Streptococcal toxoid. Dick's toxin is the basis of this medicine. The drug improves the production of antibodies to infection. Toxoid increases the chances of defeating the infection and reduces intoxication in scarlet fever. It is injected subcutaneously under the shoulder blade.
Pyobacteriophage polyvalent / sextaphage. Within two weeks, the medicine is taken several times a day or applied as a compress. Raises immunity and dissolves infectious bacteria.

A contraindication to the introduction of these drugs is intolerance or high sensitivity to the components. They cause allergies or anaphylactic shock. An hour after the injection, the patient is under medical supervision to avoid complications.

Medicinal herbs and plants

Treatment of scarlet fever at home can be carried out not only with drugs, but also with folk remedies. There are many useful recipes for curing scarlet fever. We offer you to get acquainted with the most popular and effective:

parsley tincture: one liter of water + herbs. Insist and drink every five hours;
yarrow tincture: one hundred grams of leaves + one liter of boiled water. Use thirty ml every five hours;
cedar needles. We insist in one liter of water and drink half a liter per day;
wild strawberry (leaves). We take a decoction of water every four hours for one hundred milliliters;
violet, tripartite string and bittersweet nightshade. Proportion 4:4:1. Application: drink every five hours in a small glass and in small sips;
blueberry leaves. Boil in a ratio of 1:5. Drink a glass a day;
black elderberry (flowers). The ratio of leaves and water is 1:5. Apply once every three hours for fifty ml;
walnut leaves and blackberry grass in a ratio of 3: 1. Decoction based on 1 liter of water. We gargle every two hours;
lemon juice with water helps to remove the infection from the throat and larynx. It kills the bacteria that grow there;
chamomile and linden (flowers) in a ratio of 2:3. Gargle. Helps relieve spasm in the larynx, it becomes easier to breathe;
tea tree oil. Removes abscesses from the tonsils, as it has a strong anti-inflammatory effect. The oral cavity is cleansed and body temperature is reduced;
lingonberry, lemon and cranberry juice - one glass of each freshly squeezed and with pulp. Mix the ingredients and heat up. This mixture is suitable for gargling and relieving pain. When adding medical alcohol, it is used as a compress on the throat;
thigh root. Effective in the treatment of young children. To 0.5 liters of water and add a large spoonful of crushed plants. After boiling, this decoction is infused for five hours in a saucepan wrapped in a terry cloth (towel). After boiling, the solution is filtered and cooled. It is recommended to give the child a healing liquid four times a day. Improvement in the condition will be noticeable the next day.

These recipes will help speed up your recovery. They will alleviate the first symptoms that cause a lot of inconvenience and discomfort. Before using folk remedies, it is recommended to consult with your doctor.

Treatment of childhood diseases with folk remedies

Scarlet fever - treatment of scarlet fever in children

Scarlet fever - treatment of scarlet fever in children. Scarlet fever is an acute infectious disease, manifested by a small punctate rash, fever, general intoxication, tonsillitis. The causative agent of the disease is group A streptococcus. Infection with scarlet fever occurs from patients by airborne droplets (when coughing, sneezing, talking), as well as through household items (dishes, toys, linen). Patients are especially dangerous as sources of infection in the first days of illness.

Scarlet fever- a disease of a bacterial nature, the causative agent of which is group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Streptococcus enters the body through the mucous membrane of the oral cavity (less often, mainly in adults, through damaged skin), where it causes specific inflammatory changes - tonsillitis. From there, the infection spreads throughout the body, affecting the heart, kidneys, and central nervous system. Streptococcal toxins cause allergization of the body, as a result of which autoimmune damage to its own tissues is possible.

The infection spreads mainly by airborne droplets, while the source is a sick person or a bacteriocarrier. Less often, contact-household transmission is noted (both direct and indirect contacts - through toys, care items, etc.) and food - through infected products. Most often, the disease affects children of preschool and early school age. The child is contagious from the 1st to the 22nd day of illness. Most often, scarlet fever is ill in the autumn-winter period.

Scarlet fever symptoms

hidden period scarlet fever lasts from 3 to 7 days. The disease begins acutely with a sharp violation of the child's well-being: he becomes lethargic, drowsy, complains of severe headache and chills. Body temperature quickly reaches high numbers (38-40 ° C, depending on the severity of the disease). Often in the initial period of the disease, nausea and vomiting are noted. A few hours later, a specific rash appears on the child's skin in the form of small bright pink dots on reddened skin. The rash is more pronounced on the face, lateral surfaces of the body and in places of natural skin folds (inguinal, axillary, gluteal).

A characteristic symptom of scarlet fever there is a sharp contrast between the bright red "flaming" cheeks and the pale nasolabial triangle, on the skin of which there are no elements of the rash. The appearance of the child also attracts attention: in addition to the color contrast, his face is puffy, his eyes are feverishly shining.

The child complains of sore throat when swallowing, so the doctor usually reveals a lesion during examination, tonsils - sore throat. The surrounding lymph nodes are also involved in the process, which become dense, enlarged, slightly painful when palpated. The tongue at the beginning of the disease is dry, lined with a thick brownish coating, but from 3-4 days it begins to clear, acquiring a bright red color with smooth, shiny papillae (a symptom of the "crimson" tongue). In this way, the tongue is preserved for 1-2 weeks.

The rash stays on the skin for 3-7 days, after which it disappears, leaving no pigmentation behind. After 1-2 weeks, peeling begins, first on more delicate areas of the skin (neck, axillary folds, etc.), and then over the entire surface of the body. characteristic of scarlet fever peeling on the palms and soles, which starts from the free edge of the nails and spreads along the fingers directly to the palms and soles, where the skin comes off in layers.

Treatment of scarlet fever in children

Patients with a mild form are treated at home scarlet fever. Severe and complicated forms of the disease are treated in a hospital. Strict bed rest is prescribed for 7 days.
A sick child needs to create peace, provide access to fresh air.

In the first days of illness, the child feels pain when swallowing, his appetite is sharply reduced. It should be fed in small portions of liquid or semi-liquid warm food. The frequency of food intake is increased to 5-6 times a day. Children are usually happy to drink. Useful fruit juices, tea with lemon, rosehip infusion, cranberry juice. Give vegetable soups, dairy products, grapes, apples, carrot juice.

The child is given oatmeal, buckwheat porridge, steam cutlets, meat puree, butter, low-fat fresh cottage cheese, boiled sea fish. During the height of the disease, constipation often occurs, in this case they give prunes, baked apples, seaweed, bran. Spicy, salty and fatty foods, chocolate are excluded from the diet. In most cases, the patient is recommended diaphoretic treatment. The child is put on a long wet shirt soaked in a decoction of fenugreek herb or oat straw for 1 hour, wrapped in a blanket. In folk medicine, the treatment of a patient with scarlet fever is carried out with oats - they give a decoction of oats inside. During a fever, soothing body wraps are done. At the same time, cool compresses are made on the neck from the water, changing them every 10-15 minutes. These procedures limit inflammation and delay the development of plaque.

Treatment of scarlet fever with folk remedies

In the treatment of scarlet fever with folk remedies, the following medicinal plants are used:

Wild strawberry grass: 1 tablespoon is poured into 200 ml of water, kept in a water bath for 15 minutes, insisted for 1 hour. Take 50-100 ml 3 times a day.
Black elderberry flowers: 1 dessert spoon is poured into 300 ml of water, kept in a water bath for 20 minutes, filtered hot. Take 30-70 ml 3 times a day.
Herb yarrow ordinary: 1 tablespoon pour 300 ml of boiling water, insist 1 hour. Take 30-80 ml 3 times a day (dosed depending on the age of the child).
As an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent that increases the body's resistance, tincture of the root of echinacea purpurea (pharmaceutical preparation) is used. Give 1 drop per year of a child's life 3-5 times a day with water.
With an increase and soreness of the lymph nodes, "Averin tea" is prescribed as an anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory agent: herb of a series of tripartite 40 g, herb of tricolor violet 40 g, herb of bittersweet nightshade 10 g. 1 dessert spoon of the mixture is poured into 200 ml of water, brought to a boil, stand in a water bath for 15 minutes, insist 1 hour, filter. Take during the day in sips.
Antispasmodic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory and expectorant action is exerted by the roots of the saxifrage femur. Pills with honey are made from root powder, 0.3-0.5 g of powder is taken per 1 pill. Take every 4 hours with water. For children under 5 years old, a decoction of the root is prepared: 1/2 tablespoon is poured into 200 ml of boiling water, boiled over low heat for 30 minutes, cooled, filtered. Give 1 teaspoon 3 times a day before meals.

Oral care should be especially thorough. Every 2 hours, it is recommended to gargle with a warm decoction of such plants: walnut leaves 150 g, blackberry grass 50 g, 50 g of the mixture is poured into 500 ml of water, boiled for 3 minutes, filtered.
It is useful to gargle with a 5% solution of citric acid or water with the addition of lemon juice (20-30 drops per glass of boiled water). The nose is washed with water.
If the skin rash on the body is very slowly and badly pouring out, it is dangerous. To enhance the rash, soak the sheet in warm water with the addition of salt and vinegar, wring it out well, wrap the child in a sheet, put it in bed and cover it with a cotton blanket. The duration of the procedure is an hour and a half. After that, the child is quickly changed into dry clothes.
The child is bathed in a bath at a water temperature of 35-36C. Baths accelerate the appearance of a rash on the body. When the skin begins to flake off, baths accelerate the shedding of epidermoid scales, especially soapy baths. Facilitates peeling by adding bran decoction to the bath.

The child should be protected from hypothermia, especially during the period of peeling.

Proper child care is essential. The child should have individual care items and dishes, which after each use are not only thoroughly washed, but also boiled. Cleaning is carried out using a 0.5% bleach solution. The room must be regularly ventilated. The air in the patient's room should be not only clean, but also moist. To do this, you can put a basin of water or hang wet sheets.

In case of fever, the child's body is gently but thoroughly wiped daily with a towel moistened with warm water.
With an increase in the cervical lymph nodes, put warm compresses on the neck with the addition of vinegar (1 teaspoon of vinegar per glass of water). Compresses are changed every 30 minutes 2-4 times a day, not allowing them to cool.

Treatment of angina with scarlet fever carried out by the usual methods of inhalation, rinsing (or washing from a balloon in young children).

For the timely detection of otitis media, the eardrums are examined every 2 days. Periodically, pressure is applied to the mastoid processes, bone protrusions located behind the ears. With the phenomena of otitis, pain is determined. In young children, pain is noticeable by a change in facial expressions.

When nephritis appears, a strict bed rest is prescribed, a warming compress on the kidney area. Diet is very important. If there are no edema, it is allowed to drink alkaline mineral waters (Borjomi). In the presence of edema, diuretics and diaphoretics are used.

It is preferable to keep the child in bed until the 23rd day of illness. If scarlet fever proceeds in a very mild form, then they are allowed to walk from 8 to 10 to the 17th day, and from the 17th to the 23rd, bed rest and a urine test every other day are necessary (regardless of the presence of nephritis). From the 24th day, the child is transferred to a general diet with the exception of spicy and salty foods and seasonings. Isolation of a sick child continues for at least 22 days from the onset of the disease.

Scarlet fever, like other childhood diseases, occurs not only in children. Scarlet fever in adults is more severe and more often accompanied by complications. It is especially unfavorable if scarlet fever and pregnancy are combined. Scarlet fever with complications traditional medicine recipes and allows you to normalize the physical and mental health of a person. Doctors have always positively evaluated treatment with folk remedies , considered medicinal plants to be excellent healers, and treatment with folk recipes was an effective means of getting rid of various diseases. Treatment with folk recipes help to improve health and cure diseases! Good health to you!

Scarlet fever is an acute contagious disease caused by streptococci. It manifests itself mainly in children, especially under the age of 12 years, less often in adults. Streptococcus produces erythrotoxin, which causes the main symptoms of the disease, affects the tonsils, skin, heart, kidneys, joints, is the cause of many tonsillitis, glomerulonephritis, rheumatism, erysipelas.

Cause of the disease

Streptococcus enters the body of a healthy person by airborne droplets from a patient with an acute form of scarlet fever. Infection is also possible through common items - dishes, toys, towels. From the moment the bacteria enters the body, until the first symptoms appear, it takes from 1 to 12 days.

The pathogen settles in the throat and on the tonsils, where it actively multiplies and releases erythrotoxin.

Its toxic effect in scarlet fever determines the severity of the general condition, the occurrence of an acute lesion of the tonsils and a toxic-allergic reaction on the skin. Scarlet fever almost never develops in children under one year old, because they are protected by the immunity inherited from their mother.

Transferred scarlet fever forms a stable lifelong immunity, it is impossible to get sick twice, but the presence of immunity to a specific scarlet fever pathogen does not make it possible to avoid the development of other types of streptococcal infection.

Symptoms of the disease

With scarlet fever, the first complaint of the patient will be a sharp sudden deterioration in the general condition, weakness, headache, chills, loss of appetite, fever up to 38-40 degrees.

Children often experience nausea, sometimes with vomiting. Almost simultaneously with the symptoms of general intoxication, complaints of intense sore throat appear.

In young children, this is manifested by increased moodiness, crying, a complete refusal to eat, which is associated with pain when swallowing.

Then, usually a day after the first signs of the disease appear, a small-dotted red rash appears on the skin. At the same time, the background of the rash, that is, the skin itself, will also be reddened.

The photo shows how the face is affected by the rash. Usually the rash is on the cheeks, but can cover the entire face and neck. The nasolabial triangle always remains clean, as in the photo, untouched by the rash, which is an important characteristic sign in scarlet fever.

The rash also affects the hands and feet, which is called the "socks" and "gloves" syndrome, the flexion surfaces of the body. The skin at the site of the rash becomes rough and rough to the touch.

By the end of the first week, peeling of the skin begins, its upper layer, affected by erythrotoxin, comes off in the form of small flakes or plates.

Characteristic signs of damage to the tonsils and pharynx

The main symptom characteristic of scarlet fever is a combination of a rash on the skin and a real sore throat in the throat (pictured). On examination, the throat is red, the mucous membrane of the pharynx is affected, the pharynx, tonsils are edematous, inflamed, enlarged.

Most often, with scarlet fever in children, catarrhal tonsillitis is observed, as in the photo, but in some cases, the tonsils can be covered with a purulent coating.

The lesion of the tonsils is symmetrical. In severe forms of the disease, necrotic changes on the tonsils are possible with spread to the palatine arches. By the end of the first week, the intensity of the lesion of the pharynx and pharynx, the rash on the skin subside, there is some improvement in the condition.

However, for some time after the reduction of inflammation in the pharynx, the granularity of the mucous membrane remains.

Scarlet fever in children has another distinctive symptom, which manifests itself in the oral cavity. It is typical for her that the tongue is immediately covered with a light coating, as seen in the photo. Approximately on the third day of the disease, the plaque disappears and you can see enlarged bright red papillae of the tongue (pictured below).

This phenomenon is called in medicine "crimson tongue". This symptom lasts in children from a week to 10 days. According to the severity of the symptoms of scarlet fever in children, there may be:

Mild degree, with slightly pronounced intoxication, temperature up to 38.5 degrees, moderate sore throat, catarrhal sore throat, rare rash on the body;
Moderate severity, with a disease duration of 7-8 days, a temperature of up to 39.5 degrees, a pronounced rash, catarrhal or purulent lesions of the tonsils;
Severe, with an increase in body temperature up to 39.5-41 degrees, purulent tonsillitis. In children with this form of the disease, convulsions, repeated vomiting, and manifestations of meningeal symptoms are possible.

Features of the course of the disease in adults

In adults, the classic form of scarlet fever is rare. Unlike children, they endure the disease either very easily, in its erased form, or vice versa - extremely hard.

With an erased or abortive form, a person is concerned about a moderate sore throat, a light and rare rash on the skin. The illness goes away in a few days. But the toxic-septic form is characterized by the appearance of very dangerous symptoms requiring emergency care, namely:

Significantly elevated temperature
Severely low blood pressure and heart rate,
Cooling of the extremities.

Methods of examination and treatment

With scarlet fever, additional examination methods help to make the correct diagnosis - a complete blood count and a swab from the throat. In the blood, an increase in ESR and leukocytes will be observed.

A smear is made with a sterile cotton swab from the tonsils and pharyngeal mucosa.

A throat swab is not a very pleasant, but, fortunately, a short-term procedure for the patient. Further, 2 options for examination are possible - an express test or sowing on a nutrient medium. A smear for an express test allows you to get a result within 40 minutes.

In some cases, when a smear for a rapid antigen test gave a negative result, the pathogen is inoculated on nutrient media. A smear followed by culture to grow bacterial colonies is considered a more accurate method of testing for the presence of streptococcus. The doctor may also recommend a prophylactic smear for streptococcus, surrounded by a sick person, especially when there are other children in the family.

Scarlet fever is treated with antibacterial drugs, keeping bed rest in the acute period of the disease.

The patient is isolated for 10 days, treatment often occurs at home. Only in severe forms of scarlet fever, patients are subject to hospitalization. Vitamin preparations, heavy drinking, antipyretic drugs are also prescribed, which at the same time show an analgesic effect.

You can gargle to reduce soreness and inflammation. Soda-salt solutions, decoctions of herbs that have anti-inflammatory properties, furatsilina solution are used.

Rinsing with pharmacological preparations can only be prescribed by a doctor. To cleanse the mucosa, it will be enough to gargle 3-5 times a day.