Why is gas formation. How to get rid of increased gas formation in the intestines

The normal process of digestion proceeds with obligatory gas formation in the abdomen. In the event that it exceeds one liter, then bloating appears. Naturally, gases must be removed, which happens by flutulence, or in the common people - by farting. Relatively often, the problem of flatulence occurs in children.

Increased gas formation appears as a result of many physiological and pathological processes in the abdomen. Physiological gas formation accompanies normal digestion as a result of eating indigestible food. Pathological occurs due to:

dysbacteriosis;
stomach ulcers;
gastritis;
esophagitis;
inflammation of the pancreas;
hepatitis A;
helminthic invasion;
constipation;
intestinal tumors;
infectious diseases;
in women with pathology of the reproductive system;
decreased thyroid function;
enzymatic disorders;
intestinal inflammation;
intestinal diverticulosis;
recovery period after operations on the abdominal organs;
neurological disorders.

In young children, the stomach swells most often in the following cases:

eating disorders in newborns;
the first days of adaptation to breastfeeding;
congenital dysfunctions of the intestine in infants;
anomalies in the development of the digestive tube;
non-compliance with the diet of a nursing mother;
elementary overfeeding if the child is on artificial nutrition;
transfer of the newborn to additional mixtures;
intestinal dysbiosis in a child;
enzymatic disorders;
constipation in newborns;
in older children - with helminthiases, nervous strain, the use of harmful products.

1. Gas formation in adults directly depends on the way of eating, its regularity and the nature of the food taken. Alcohol, smoking, the use of sugary carbonated drinks - all this leads to disruption of the enzymatic apparatus of the digestive system and the occurrence of flatulence.

2. Chronic inflammatory diseases of the stomach and intestines significantly slow down the process of splitting and assimilation of food. With these diseases, the passage of contents from the stomach is inhibited, peristalsis is reduced. As a result, gas formation increases many times and a person develops bloating.

3. From the incompatibility of some products, the stomach swells very often. The simultaneous use of coarse fiber and milk leads to severe flatulence.

4. With dysbacteriosis and infectious diseases, the normal microflora is replaced by the pathological one. Fermentative and putrefactive reactions begin to predominate, which is accompanied by bloating.

5. Hepatitis, pancreatitis, contribute to increased gas formation due to insufficiently efficient production of enzymes. The breakdown of products is difficult, the remnants of dietary fiber are fermented with excessive release of gases, the intestinal loops are over-inflated, which is manifested by farting and impaired stool.

6. Flatulence is one of the most common problems in the first few months of life. Increased gas formation in newborns is due to both anatomical and adaptogenic processes. The enzymatic system of the baby normalizes its activity only by 6 months, therefore this period is accompanied by abundant gas formation and frequent farting.

7. Helminthiases in children of primary and school periods become the causes of both mechanical and chemical delays in digestion. Digestion slows down, food is not digested and the child's stomach begins to swell.

Features of therapy: how to stop farting?

The treatment for bloating depends entirely on the cause of the gas. At home, you can do massages, cleansing enemas, warm baths. Drug treatment of flatulence is carried out only as prescribed by a doctor.

Excessive gas formation can be cured by prescribing:

Preparations for the normalization of intestinal microbiosis.
Diets.
Medications to reduce gas formation and facilitate gas release.

1. If dysbiosis became the cause of flatulence, then treatment with prebiotics is indicated in this case. They are most often produced in the form of capsules and are prescribed at least 40 minutes before meals. Such medicines include: Baktisuptil, Enterol, Lineks. Enterogermina, Hilak Forte are available in liquid form. Preparations such as Bifikol, Bifiliz, Bifidumbacterin require special storage and are subject to a separate preparation method. Using these remedies for about 2 weeks, you can cure the violation of the intestinal microflora.

2. Problems of enzymatic activity are resolved by using Creon, Mezim-forte, Festal, Pepfiz. These drugs improve the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients, which significantly reduces gas formation.

3. Adsorbents - contribute to the absorption of gas bubbles and facilitate their removal. These drugs include Smecta, activated charcoal tablets, Carbolong, Sorbex capsules.

4. Defoamers - reduce the surface tension of the resulting small gases, precipitate them, accelerate the excretion through the anus. This group includes tablets Espumisan, Disfatil, Zeolate. These substances are not absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and are not harmful.

5. In case of impaired peristalsis, the tablets of Cerucal, Motilium, Domperidone will allow the passage of intestinal contents.

6. What to do if the baby's stomach swells, the pediatrician will advise. Carminative drops, tinctures, teas and decoctions are usually prescribed. A good result is a massage of the abdomen and the use of a gas outlet tube. In the case when the belly of the baby is constantly swollen and he often farts, it is difficult to treat the disease without medication. There are drops of Espumizana baby, Sub complex, Smecta, Bobotik. Of the auxiliary agents, lactulose, No-shpu, Plantex are prescribed. Sometimes babies can do enemas with antispasmodics, the stomach is significantly reduced in size, the child has pain and he calms down.

Tablets for the treatment of flatulence are used in older children. They are also given anthelmintic therapy in combination with the restoration of microflora.

Folk remedies

Tablets, capsules, enterogels are not suitable for everyone for treatment. Practically harmless and effective are decoctions, various fees, infusions. Fennel, dill and carrot seeds have a good carminative, antispasmodic property.

Crushed cumin or dill seeds (about 3 teaspoons) pour 2 tbsp. boiling water. Cover the bowl with a lid and insist in heat for 2 hours. Infusion drink ¼ cup several times a day.
Take 2 teaspoons of parsley and dill seeds, pour 200 ml of boiling water and insist overnight in a warm place. The infusion is quite strong, so it is taken 2 tbsp. spoons every 30-40 minutes.

Herbal preparations will also help treat the problem of gas formation in the abdomen:

Mix 1 tbsp. spoons of dandelion and nettle rhizomes, 2 tbsp. l valerian roots, buckthorn bark. From this mixture, pour 2 tablespoons of 0.5 liters of boiling water and heat in a water bath for half an hour. Take 100 ml for flatulence.
Chamomile has a good anti-inflammatory effect. 2 tsp chopped chamomile flowers and oregano herbs pour a glass of boiling water. Leave for 40 minutes, strain and take 50 ml 3 times a day.

You can also make tinctures from mint leaves, calamus, dill, lemon balm. For babies, unsweetened teas with the addition of fennel are produced. In cases where flatulence is accompanied by severe abdominal pain, high fever, vomiting, nausea, stool retention or the presence of blood in the stool, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Diet

Without proper dietary adjustments, it is difficult to achieve good results. Should be excluded:

legumes;
coarse fibrous vegetables;
fresh milk;
fresh sweet pastries;
carbonated drinks;
radish, radish;
black bread.

It is also necessary to limit spicy, sour and sweet. It is necessary to treat flatulence in a complex, so in the morning it will be useful to do gymnastics with the inclusion of abdominal muscle groups.

Gas in the intestines is a rather unpleasant and fairly common phenomenon that occurs when there is an increased accumulation of gases in the gastrointestinal tract. This condition occurs due to overeating or eating foods high in fiber. Most diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are accompanied by such an unpleasant phenomenon as increased gas formation or flatulence. Excessive accumulation of gases in the intestines can signal a malfunction in the digestive system and indicate the development of certain diseases. Many are embarrassed by these manifestations and postpone a visit to the doctor, attributing discomfort to nutritional errors. Nevertheless, it is necessary to find out the cause of flatulence, which causes significant inconvenience to the patient and the people around him, and it is necessary to begin treatment.

Increased gas formation can be observed when eating foods high in fiber or overeating. These factors lead to disruption of the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract and the emergence of a specific problem that many patients are embarrassed to discuss. Normally, in the body of a healthy person, about 0.9 liters of gases produced by microorganisms are necessarily present. During the normal operation of the digestive system, only 0.1-0.5 liters of gases are excreted from the intestines during the day, while during flatulence, the volume of exhaust gases can reach three liters. This condition of involuntary emission of fetid gases, accompanied by sharp characteristic sounds, is called flatus and indicates dysfunction in the digestive system.

Intestinal gases are produced from five main components:

oxygen,
nitrogen,
carbon dioxide,
hydrogen,
methane.

An unpleasant smell is given to them by sulfur-containing substances produced by bacteria in the large intestine. Understanding the causes of this phenomenon will help to cope with the problem and get rid of gases in the intestines.

Causes of increased gas formation in the intestines

The accumulation of gases in the intestines can be caused by many reasons:

Flatulence leads to the use of products that cause fermentation processes in the body (kvass, beer, black bread, kombucha).
If the diet is dominated by foods that promote the formation of gases. These are cabbage, legumes, potatoes, grapes, apples, carbonated drinks.
Increased gas formation is noted in people with lactose intolerance and is caused by the use of dairy products.

In addition, flatulence often occurs in various pathological conditions of the body. It can be intestinal dysbacteriosis, acute intestinal infections, irritable bowel syndrome, or gastrointestinal diseases such as:

cirrhosis of the liver,
colitis,
enteritis.

Dysbiotic causes that occur when the normal intestinal microflora is disturbed can cause excessive gas formation. In this case, normal bacteria (lacto- and bifidobacteria) are suppressed by bacteria of opportunistic microflora (E. coli, anaerobes).

Symptoms of excess gas in the intestines

The main symptoms of excessive gas formation:

Characteristic cramping pains in the abdomen, a feeling of fullness and a constant feeling of discomfort. Painful sensations are caused by a reflex spasm of the intestinal walls, which occurs when its walls are stretched by an increased volume of gas.
Bloating, manifested in an increase in its volume due to the accumulation of gas.
Belching caused by backflow of gas from the stomach in dysphagia.
Rumbling in the abdomen, arising from the mixing of gases with the liquid contents of the intestine.
Nausea that accompanies indigestion. Occurs with the formation of toxins and an increase in the content in the intestine of products of incomplete digestion of food.
Constipation or diarrhea. Increased gas formation in most cases is accompanied by similar stool disorders.
Flatulence. A sharp release of gas from the rectum, accompanied by a characteristic sound and an unpleasant hydrogen sulfide odor.

Common symptoms of gas in the intestines can be manifested by palpitations, arrhythmias, and a burning sensation in the region of the heart. Such conditions provoke clamping of the vagus nerve by swollen intestinal loops and an upward displacement of the diaphragm. In addition, the patient is haunted by insomnia caused by intoxication of the body and depressive states with mood swings. There is a constant general malaise as a result of incomplete absorption of nutrients and improper bowel function.

What causes gas in the intestines?

Strong gases in the intestines cause foods rich in carbohydrates, dietary fiber and starch.

Carbohydrates

Of the carbohydrates, the most powerful provocateurs are:

Rafinose. Most of it is found in legumes, asparagus, cabbage. In smaller quantities, this carbohydrate is present in Brussels sprouts, broccoli, artichokes, and pumpkin.
Lactose. This natural disaccharide is found in milk and is found in all products made from it (ice cream, milk powder, dairy products). It is noted that in people with acquired or congenital intolerance to this enzyme, the use of dairy products leads to symptoms of flatulence.
Sorbitol. Found in most fruits and vegetables. In addition, this carbohydrate is used as a sweetener in the production of dietary products, chewing gums and confectionery.
Fructose. It is also present in almost all vegetables and fruits, and is used in the preparation of soft drinks and fruit juices.

Alimentary fiber

Found in all foods and can be soluble or insoluble. Soluble dietary fibers (pectins) swell in the intestines and form a gel-like mass. In this form, they reach the large intestine, where, when they are split, the process of gas formation occurs. Insoluble dietary fiber passes through the gastrointestinal tract practically unchanged and does not contribute to increased gas formation.

Starch

Almost all foods containing starch increase the formation of gases in the intestines. A lot of starch contains: potatoes, wheat, peas and other legumes, corn. The exception is rice, which contains starch, but does not cause bloating and flatulence.

How is the diagnosis carried out?

If the patient complains that he constantly has gases in the intestines, the doctor is obliged to exclude the presence of serious diseases, for which a comprehensive examination of the patient is carried out. It includes a physical examination, that is, listening and percussion, and instrumental methods.

Most often, an x-ray of the abdominal cavity is performed, with the help of which the presence of gases and the height of the diaphragm are detected. To assess the amount of gases, a rapid introduction of argon into the intestine is used. At the same time, it is possible to measure the volume of intestinal gases displaced by argon. In addition, the following diagnostic methods are used:

FEGDS - examination of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract using a special flexible tube with lighting and a miniature camera at the end. This method allows you to take, if necessary, a piece of tissue for research, that is, to make a biopsy.
Colonoscopy. Visual examination of the large intestine with a special device with a camera at the end.
Coprogram. Laboratory research, analysis of feces for enzymatic deficiency of the digestive system.
Sowing feces. With the help of this analysis, the presence of intestinal dysbacteriosis is detected and violations in the intestinal microflora are confirmed.

With chronic belching, diarrhea and unmotivated weight loss, an endoscopic examination may be prescribed to exclude suspicion of bowel cancer. In patients with frequent flatulence (gas release), nutritional characteristics are carefully studied in order to exclude foods that provoke bloating and flatulence from the diet.

If lactose deficiency is suspected, the patient is assigned lactose tolerance tests. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe a study of the patient's daily diet, during which the patient must keep records of his daily diet in a special diary for a certain period of time.

If the patient complains that gases in the intestines do not go away, frequent swelling and sharp pains, the doctor should conduct an examination that excludes intestinal obstruction, ascites (fluid accumulation) or any inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

A thorough examination, adjustment of the diet, exclusion of provoking factors that cause flatulence, will answer the question of why gases are formed in the intestines in excess and what measures to take to get rid of this unpleasant phenomenon.

How to treat the accumulation of gases in the intestines?

Complex treatment of flatulence includes symptomatic, etiotropic and pathogenetic therapy. But it should be remembered that if the cause of the formation of excess gases is a disease, then the underlying disease must be treated first.

Symptomatic therapy should be aimed at reducing pain and includes the use of antispasmodics (Drotaverine, No-shpa). If the flatulence is caused by aerophagia, measures are taken to reduce the swallowing of air during meals.

Pathogenetic therapy fights excess gas formation with the help of:

Sorbents that bind and remove toxic substances from the body (Enterosgel, Phosphalugel). Adsorbents such as activated carbon are not recommended for long-term use due to severe side effects.
Enzymatic preparations containing digestive enzymes and improving the functioning of the digestive system (Mezim, Pancreatin).
Defoamers, which break down the foam in which gases accumulate in the intestines and improve the absorption capacity of the organ. This group of drugs affects intestinal motility and has a strong carminative effect (Dimethicone, Simethicone).

Etiotropic therapy fights the causes that cause gases in the intestines:

With dynamic flatulence, agents that enhance intestinal motility (Cerukal) are effective.
With flatulence caused by mechanical causes (intestinal tumors, constipation), treatment will depend on the specific disease. In case of tumors, surgical intervention will be performed, prolonged constipation is eliminated by taking laxatives.
To normalize the work of the intestines and eliminate dysbiosis, they take probiotics containing live bacteria in their composition.

The most important factor in the fight against flatulence is diet. To eliminate uncomfortable phenomena, it is necessary to correct nutrition and avoid fatty foods, which will help food to be absorbed faster and gases not to linger in the intestines. We will tell you more about how to eat properly with the formation of gases in the intestines.

Diet for flatulence

First of all, you need to find out which foods cause excessive gas formation and in the future these foods should be avoided. In some patients, flour products and sweets can provoke flatulence, in others - fatty and meat dishes. Be wary of foods high in fiber. It:

black bread,
legumes,
citrus,
cabbage,
fruit,
berries,
tomatoes,

Try an experiment and eliminate one of the following foods from your diet:

bananas,
raisin,
prunes,
radish,
fresh and sour cabbage,
peas,
lentils
muffin.

Depending on the result, it will be possible to understand what exactly provokes the occurrence of an unpleasant phenomenon. Try not to eat vegetables and fruits raw. It is better to boil or stew vegetables, use fruits to make compotes or mashed potatoes.

Try to avoid whole milk, ice cream, and milkshakes for two weeks. If such a diet is effective, then the cause of flatulence lies in lactose intolerance contained in dairy products and it is best to refuse their use. If there is no lactose intolerance, it will be useful to eat yogurt, kefir, cottage cheese every day, cook viscous cereals in milk in half with water.

You should stop drinking carbonated drinks, kvass, beer, which cause fermentation processes in the body. To eliminate dysphagia, doctors recommend eating slowly, chewing food thoroughly.

It is necessary to abandon the use of chewing gums, as in the process of chewing an excessive amount of air is swallowed. Try to avoid foods containing sorbitol (sugar-free gum, diet foods, breakfast cereals), whole grains and black bread.

To get rid of constipation and maintain normal bowel function, it is necessary to eat foods that contain indigestible fiber, such as ground wheat bran. It is important to avoid alcohol and try not to overeat by eating small meals several times a day.

Avoid fatty and fried meats. Dietary meat should be boiled or stewed. It is worth trying to replace meat with lean fish, and strong tea or coffee with herbal infusions. It is best to adhere to the principles of separate nutrition and exclude the simultaneous intake of starchy and protein foods, such as potatoes with meat.

Unfamiliar exotic dishes that are unusual for the stomach (Chinese, Asian cuisine) can pose a danger. With such a problem, you should not experiment and it is better to give preference to traditional national or European cuisine.

It is useful to arrange fasting days for the stomach. This will restore the digestive system and help get rid of toxins. On a fasting day, you can boil some rice and eat it warm, in small portions without salt, sugar and oil. Or unload with kefir if there is no intolerance to dairy products.

In this case, during the day it is recommended not to eat anything, but to drink only kefir (up to 2 liters). To activate the intestines and improve its motility, doctors recommend taking daily walks, walking more and leading an active lifestyle.

Traditional medicine from a strong content of gases in the intestines

Folk recipes give a good effect on the accumulation of gases in the intestines. Decoctions and infusions of medicinal herbs help to quickly get rid of an unpleasant ailment. Fennel - this medicinal plant has such an effective and mild effect in eliminating gases that even small children are given its infusion.

A similar effect is exerted by infusions of cumin and anise seeds. You can simply swallow carefully chewed seeds of these plants after eating, which will help improve digestion.
To prepare the infusion, take cumin or anise seeds. Enough 1 teaspoon. This amount of seeds is poured into a glass of boiling water, allowed to infuse for 15 minutes, and then filtered. Drink 1/3 cup before each meal.
Mint tea. For its preparation, you can take any kind of mint: peppermint, cat, spike. One teaspoon of crushed leaves is poured into 200 ml. boiling water and keep on low heat for about five minutes. Drink like regular tea.
A decoction of licorice root. It is prepared in the same way, 1 teaspoon of chopped root is poured with boiling water and kept on low heat for about 10 minutes. Drink a third of a glass before meals.
Infusion of dill seeds. One tablespoon of dill seeds is ground in a mortar to a powder, pour 300 ml. boiling water and leave covered for three hours. The resulting infusion is drunk during the day, taking the remedy 30 minutes before meals.
Dandelion infusion. The root of the plant is crushed, poured into 250 ml of warm boiled water and left under the lid overnight. In the morning, the infusion is filtered and drunk 4 times a day before meals.
Infusion of flaxseed. Taken orally with flatulence, accompanied by constipation. For its preparation 1st. a spoonful of flax insist on a glass of boiling water for two hours. Take two tablespoons of infusion during the day and a quarter cup before bedtime.
Infusion of chamomile flowers. The infusion is prepared in the same way, they drink two tablespoons three or four times a day.
Infusion of the herb night blindness. Good for chronic constipation and flatulence. Two tablespoons of grass pour 500 ml of boiling water, insist and filter. Take 1/2 cup three times a day.
Potato juice. Freshly squeezed potato juice helps to cope with unpleasant symptoms. It is recommended to drink half a glass of juice for 10 days one hour before meals. If necessary, the course of treatment is repeated after a week.
A decoction of rusty elm. This plant quickly copes with increased gas formation. Elm bark is crushed and taken as a powder, half a teaspoon of which is poured with a small amount of warm boiled water and diluted to a viscous mixture so that there are no lumps. Then the mass is poured with a glass of boiling water and boiled over low heat for 20 minutes. The finished mixture is filtered and taken one glass three times a day.

To eliminate constipation, leading to gas formation, you can prepare a mixture of dried fruits and senna herbs. To do this, 400g of dried apricots and pitted prunes are steamed with warm boiled water and left under the lid overnight. In the morning, the mixture is passed through a meat grinder, 200 g of honey and 1 tablespoon of dry hay grass are added, the mass is mixed well. Store in a sealed container in the refrigerator. Take two teaspoons at night.

They will help get rid of gases in the intestines of an enema with a decoction of chamomile. To prepare a decoction, one tablespoon of dried chamomile flowers is poured into a glass of water and simmered over low heat for about 10 minutes. Allow the broth to cool, filter and dilute this amount of liquid with two tablespoons of boiled water. An enema is done daily at bedtime for 3-5 days.

conclusions

So what conclusions can we draw? Such a phenomenon as the accumulation of gases in the intestines in itself is not a disease. But if excess gas is constantly bothering and accompanied by a whole range of unpleasant symptoms: heartburn, constipation or diarrhea, stomach pain, unexplained weight loss, you need to seek medical help and undergo a thorough examination to rule out serious diseases.

If, during the examination, suspicions of other diseases disappear, then flatulence can be easily eliminated by changing the diet, proper nutrition and taking medications prescribed by the doctor. Follow all medical recommendations and be healthy!

Normally, the intestine contains up to 0.9 liters of gas, which is formed mainly as a result of the vital activity of microorganisms. Increased gas formation in the intestines is called flatulence and accompanies most diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Men and women over the age of 50 suffer from prolonged flatulence with the same frequency. With errors in the diet, an episodic increase in gas formation is possible.

Why does gas form in the intestines?

The causes of flatulence are divided into several groups:

insufficient or excessive amount of certain substances in the diet (alimentary reasons);
digestive (digestive) flatulence;
dysbiotic causes;
mechanical flatulence;
dynamic reasons;
circulatory flatulence;
high-altitude flatulence;
dysphagia.

Each group of causes has its own mechanism:

Alimentary reasons associated with the direct property of certain foods, being digested in the intestines, to release a large amount of gases.
Digestive mechanism flatulence. Due to a violation of the secretion of digestive enzymes, incomplete digestion of food and strong gas formation occur, even with a small intake of carbohydrates. This happens against the background of diseases of the digestive system, in which the production of digestive enzymes decreases (chronic pancreatitis, enteritis).
Dysbiotic Causes. In the small and large intestines there are a large number of microorganisms that are also involved in the digestion of food mass. But if the ratio of the number of bacteria of normal microflora (lactobacilli, bifidumbacteria) and opportunistic flora (Peptostreptococcus, Escherichia coli, anaerobes) is disturbed, food is digested with an increase in gas formation. This disorder is called dysbiosis.
mechanical flatulence. With normal digestion and gas formation in the intestine, its excretion is disturbed. In this case, intestinal tumors, helminths, and dense stony stools can serve as a mechanical obstacle.
Dynamic Causes associated with a violation of the innervation of the intestine and a decrease in its peristalsis (movements of the intestinal walls that push through the food masses). In this case, food stagnation occurs, fermentation processes are activated, and gases accumulate.
Circulatory flatulence- the process of malabsorption of gases formed in the intestine with their neutralization in the liver.
high-altitude flatulence- an episodic state when, with a decrease in atmospheric pressure, excessive gas formation occurs in the intestines (the effect of opening champagne).
Dysphagia. Due to a disruption in the functioning of the nervous system (often after a stroke), the swallowing of food is disturbed, while a large amount of air is swallowed, which enters the stomach and intestines. Gases in the stomach can also be formed when they are thrown back from the intestines.

Increased gas formation in the intestines is caused by foods high in carbohydrates and fiber: legumes (soybeans, peas, beans), cabbage, onions, pumpkin, potatoes. Carbohydrates that release gas when broken down are starch, raffinose, sucrose, sorbitol, lactose.

Symptoms of increased gas formation

Flatulence is characterized by local and general manifestations. Local symptoms are directly related to the disruption of the intestines, these include:

abdominal pain - an increased volume of gas causes stretching of the intestinal walls, and reflex spasm with the development of pain;
bloating - an increase in the volume of the abdomen due to accumulated gas;
rumbling in the abdominal cavity - occurs due to the mixing of gas with the liquid part of the intestinal contents;
frequent belching - happens with dysphagia and the reverse flow of gas from the stomach;
diarrhea or constipation - these stool disorders always accompany increased gas formation, more often a tendency to loosen the stool develops;
nausea is the result of improper digestion and the content of toxins and products of incomplete breakdown of food in the intestines;
flatulation - the release of gas from the rectum, accompanied by an unpleasant odor (hydrogen sulfide) and a feeling of discomfort, normally episodes of flatulation occur on average up to 20 times a day.

General symptoms:

a burning sensation in the heart - occurs as a result of pinching the vagus nerve with swollen intestinal loops;
increased heart rate;
disturbances in the rhythm of the heart (arrhythmia);
insomnia - caused by intoxication of the body with partial absorption of gases from the intestines into the blood;
mood disorder - a tendency to depression, a feeling of awkwardness;
general malaise is the result of improper bowel function and incomplete absorption of nutrients.

Diagnosis of the causes of flatulence

The fact of increased gas formation is established on the basis of the above symptoms. To find out the causes of flatulence and adequate treatment, the following diagnostic methods are prescribed:

coprogram- laboratory study of feces, which makes it possible to judge the enzymatic deficiency of the digestive system;
stool culture for dysbacteriosis- used to confirm the violation of the ratio of intestinal microflora;
bowel x-ray with a contrast agent (barium mixture) - makes it possible to visualize mechanical obstacles to the movement of food masses and gases in the intestine;
fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS)- using a special fiber-optic tube with lighting and a camera, an examination of the mucous membrane of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract is carried out, if necessary, it is possible to take a piece of tissue for histological examination (biopsy);
colonoscopy- the principle is the same, the large intestine is examined.

X-ray of the intestine with a contrast agent

How to get rid of gases in the intestines?

Treatment of increased gas formation begins only after it was possible to find out its cause. The main goals of therapy are to eliminate the cause of gas formation, normalize bowel function and eliminate symptoms. To combat the causes of flatulence, the following means are used:

Diet correction. It is necessary to limit the use of foods high in fiber and carbohydrates (legumes, cabbage, potatoes), carbonated water. Instead, it is desirable to consume foods that do not cause gas formation: lean meats and poultry (beef, rabbit, chicken), fermented milk products (with the exception of whole milk containing lactose), rice.
Probiotics- preparations containing live bacteria of the normal intestinal microflora (lactuvit, bifiform) to combat dysbiosis.
Laxatives. They are used in the case of a mechanical block to the movement of food in the intestines. In the case of a tumor, surgery is performed.
Means that enhance intestinal motility(cerucal) are effective in dynamic flatulence.

To normalize the work of the intestines use such means:

enzyme preparations- tablets that contain digestive enzymes, improve food digestion (panzinorm, pancreatin, mezim), are especially effective for pancreatitis and enteritis;
sorbents- bind and remove toxins from the intestines (phosphalugel, enterosgel);
defoamers- means that reduce the surface tension of gases in the intestine and improve its absorption.

Symptomatic therapy is aimed at reducing pain, for which antispasmodics (no-shpa, drotaverine) are used.

One of the most frustrating things that can happen to people in public is that they can't stop farting, or, more formally, gasping. When this happens, it is not just indecent, it is also an indicator that there is some kind of problem in the body at the moment. A one-time fart or, vulgarly speaking, “fart” is still normal, but when the problem begins to arise too often, it is necessary to figure out in as much detail as possible what to do about it.

Mechanisms underlying the problem

Although the people usually call this problem nothing more than “fart” or “fart”, all this has scientific names. At the heart of the "letting of the winds" are two mechanisms:

How are gases formed?

A healthy body constantly contains a certain amount of gas, and quite a lot, something about a liter. Some enters the body from the outside when a person swallows air, which he does, for example, while eating or talking. But this, if considered as a percentage, is only a small part of the total accumulation of gases in the body. The largest volume is formed already inside, in the large intestine during digestive processes. It can be up to 75% of the total volume. For example, colon bacteria produce methane, fatty acids break down to release carbon dioxide, legumes can release hydrogen, and so on.

Reasons related to nutrition

To understand how to stop farting often or even constantly, you must first figure out what causes excessive flatulence. And more often than not, it's about the food a person eats.

The main reason that a person began to “fart” too often is the use of products that provoke increased gas formation. These may include:

Dairy. They contain lactose, which most people do not normally digest.
Carbonated drinks. From kvass, beer, champagne, as well as lemonade, flatulence intensifies. It's all about the gases contained there, as well as yeast. There are many such drinks - and the situation is aggravated.
Legumes. Peas and similar foods increase the amount of hydrogen produced during digestion, which makes the problem worse.
Products with a large amount of coarse fiber. Apples, black bread, potatoes, cabbage, radishes, radishes and similar foods, when consumed in excessively large quantities, can lead to increased gas formation.
Products in the wrong combination. Sometimes, individually, products, even if there are a lot of them, may not cause any problems for a person, but in combination they can impede the digestion process, which makes the amount of gases released many times over. These are, for example, white bread with soup, potatoes with sausages and a number of other equally negative combinations.

Other reasons

Methods of self-elimination

When you know why farting may occur, you need to take action to fix the problem, figure out how to get rid of it. The easiest way to solve the problem is with aerophagia. Here is the treatment - you just need to change your eating behavior, stop talking while eating, eat food in smaller pieces and chew it better.

If the problem is that you are eating one of the foods that makes you fart / fart because it is not quite adequately perceived by your body - just reconsider your diet. Limit the use of those products that were indicated in the paragraphs above. Also try to reduce (but not completely eliminate) the amount of easily digestible carbohydrates, such as baked goods, sugar, and protein foods, such as lamb, goose, pork, and mushrooms. Then the problem should gradually recede, you will stop farting so often.

Also try to get enough sleep, make time for physical activity, and so on. Better your health - less chance that the problem will get worse, less need for treatment.

Other troubleshooting methods

However, sometimes it happens that you cannot stop farting on your own and get rid of it - sometimes the reason is a rather serious gastrointestinal disease. This can usually be determined by the presence of side symptoms:

blood in the stool;
nausea and vomiting;
constipation and diarrhea;
abdominal pain and other abnormalities.

In this case, you must not take any funds on your own, do not resort to treatment at home, but you should go to a therapist or a gastroenterologist who will prescribe you an examination, and then - treatment - you will drink flatulence pills, other medicines, or do therapeutic procedures to get rid of this problem.

But the main thing is not to panic if you start to fart excessively. In a healthy adult, flatulence can occur up to 10-18 times a day, and therefore there is a chance that everything is in order with you and nothing needs to be done.

7 709

Often, some people are bothered by an unpleasant smell when passing gases, which can cause social discomfort. So why are gases odorless in some cases and odorless in others? To do this, you need to know the composition of the emitted gases, which component causes the stench and what it depends on.

Composition of intestinal gases

In a healthy person, the composition of the gas mixture excreted through the rectum is as follows:

nitrogen - 24–90% (main type of gas),
carbon dioxide - 8–29%,
oxygen - 1–20%,
hydrogen - 2–50%,
methane - 0–20%.

Intestinal bacteria and gas formation.

Some bacteria produce the gas while others consume it. Food particles that the digestive system is unable to absorb are broken down by gas-producing bacteria into smaller and simpler ones. This process is called fermentation. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are the gases released in this process.
Other types of intestinal bacteria consume large amounts of gas, especially hydrogen. These, in turn, release small amounts of methane or sulfur-containing gases, which are responsible for the bad odor associated with intestinal gas. Some of the gas that is absorbed into the blood is released through the lungs and can be detected with breath tests. This gives doctors the opportunity to evaluate the various functions of the digestive system. The remaining gas exits through the anus.

Gas formation in the intestinal lumen occurs in different ways.

Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide come from swallowed air, while hydrogen and methane are by-products of the breakdown of food residues by good bacteria (probiotics) that live in the large intestine, i.e. formed as a result of the enzymatic activity of bacteria. All these gas components are odorless.
Hydrogen is formed during the processing of fermentable substances (carbohydrates, amino acids) by anaerobic bacteria. A lot of hydrogen is released after eating certain foods (wheat bread, potatoes, corn, beans, cabbage)
Methane is produced as a result of the metabolism of certain intestinal bacteria. In about 1/3 of the adult population, the number of these bacteria and, accordingly, the concentration of methane in the faeces is increased. The ability of each individual to produce methane is a relatively constant value and does not change with age.
Carbon dioxide can also be formed in the large intestine as a result of the enzymatic action of intestinal bacteria on organic substances that are not absorbed in the small intestine - plant fibers and other components containing carbohydrates that are not hydrolyzed by amylases (cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, lignins).
The source of carbon dioxide is also the interaction of bicarbonate and hydrogen ions in the stomach.
Ammonia is formed in the colon due to microbial degradation of urea or amino acids.
The amount and composition of gases depend on the types of bacteria present in the colon; each has a unique composition of bacteria from birth.

What causes the specific smell of intestinal gases?

The intensity of off-gassing odors is related to the percentage of various gases present at any given time.
The bulk of the gas is odorless. Gases that give stool an unpleasant odor are found in the intestines in small quantities.
An unpleasant smell is given by sulfur-containing compounds - hydrogen sulfide, indole, skatole, methanethiol, which are formed during the digestion of food in the large intestine.
They are produced by specific bacteria in the large intestine during the decomposition of organosulfur compounds, and primarily during the decay of proteins, which include sulfur-containing amino acids (taurine, methionine and cysteine).
The fact is that proteins that are not absorbed in the upper sections of the digestive tract are used by the pathogenic microflora of the colon as an energy substrate. Enzymes These putrefactive bacteria break down amino acids and convert them into amines, phenols, indole, skatole, mercaptan, hydrogen sulfide.
Therefore, the more sulfur-containing foods in the diet, the more of the above compounds will be produced by intestinal bacteria, and the stronger the smell. Sulfur-containing foods are cauliflower, white cabbage, soybeans, meat, fish, eggs, cereals, milk, beer, etc.

Hydrogen sulfide is a component that usually smells like rotten eggs, while methanethiol resembles the smell of rotten cabbage. This same compound is also responsible for other human body odors, including bad breath.

The human nose can detect hydrogen sulfide in concentrations up to half a billion, so the passage of even a very small amount of this gas can be felt.

Conclusion.

Why is there such a range in the amount of gases emitted, their percentage composition and the level of malodor, depending on the individual?
This is due to the amount of air ingested, the types of foods consumed, and the internal chemical reactions that take place in the gut microbiome during digestion.
Fermentation occurs when unabsorbed and undigested food enters the large intestine. Thus, diet is the main factor (even more significant than the composition of the microbiota) that determines the amount of gases produced.
Diets that reduce the amount of foods that can cause fermentation significantly reduce the amount of gas produced and the intensity of odor.