The normal functioning of organs and systems is manifested by a number of factors, and not the least of them is the smooth functioning of the excretory systems. After all, with the help of the same urination, our body is cleansed of many decay products, and some disruptions in this process bring serious discomfort and can be considered as a symptom of some serious illnesses and provoke various kinds complications. For any urination disorders, doctors use the term dysuria, let's talk about what this condition is, how it is treated, what the possible symptoms and causes of this disorder are.

As we have already clarified, the term dysuria is used to refer to all possible disorders urination. Symptoms of such conditions may differ, but they all require adequate correction and quick help. Among the forms of dysuria, one can distinguish frequent and difficult urination, urinary retention, incontinence, night urination, as well as polyuria, oliguria, anuria and nocturia.

Where does dysuria come from, what are the reasons for its appearance?

Dysuria can be provoked by the most various factors. Thus, frequent urination is often a symptom of acute cystitis, prostate adenoma, urolithiasis. In older women, this phenomenon is often observed with various gynecological ailments, for example, with prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall.

Difficulty urinating in most cases is the result of some kind of obstruction to the normal flow of urine. This could be adenoma or prostate cancer, urethral stricture, tumors, phimosis, etc. In addition, such a disorder can be triggered by some neurological changes, in this case doctors talk about a neurogenic bladder.

Acute urinary retention requires immediate correction; it can occur due to trauma to the urethra, acute prostatitis, stricture, obstructing stone in the bladder, and also due to prostate adenoma. Also, this pathology can develop after surgical interventions, consumption of diuretics, alcohol, etc.

This form of dysuria, such as urinary incontinence, can be caused by dysfunction of the detrusor or sphincter of the bladder, as well as the urethra. In addition, this pathological condition may be a symptom of inflammation, an overactive bladder, indicate muscle weakness and prolapse of the vaginal wall. Bedwetting in children is often explained neurological disorders or simple lack conditioned reflex to suppress the urge to urinate during night rest.

Sometimes different shapes dysuria develops in response to the consumption of certain medicines, in addition, they can be provoked by infectious and inflammatory diseases genitourinary system and nearby organs.

What does dysuria look like, what are its symptoms?

Urinary disorders can manifest themselves in the most different symptoms, depending on the form of dysuria. Some patients experience particularly frequent urination, while others are bothered by the inability to relieve themselves for a day or more. Sometimes illnesses make themselves felt by some difficulties when urinating, painful sensations when trying to complete this process or during it. In certain cases, patients complain of involuntary loss of urine.

Additional symptoms There is often a slight increase in body temperature. Patients may be bothered discomfort in the perineum area or in the lower abdomen. In addition, there may be a discharge of cloudy urine, in some cases, blood impurities can be seen in it.

How is dysuria corrected, what treatment helps?

Therapy for dysuria directly depends on the type of disorder and the cause of its development. Some patients can cope with the problem by doing special exercises to strengthen muscles. Others need to systematically train their bladder, establishing a habitual urination rhythm.

In certain cases, correction involves the use of special devices designed to hold the genitourinary organs in place; in addition, removable urethral obturators can be used, which prevent untimely release of urine.
Sometimes electrical stimulation is performed to strengthen muscles and restore their normal activity.

In some cases, treating dysuria involves taking medications to relax the bladder as much as possible. Other patients are prescribed hormone therapy; women will need such drugs during menopause.

Correction of urinary disorders can also be carried out by taking anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral or antifungal compounds, if the corresponding particles have caused the development of disorders. Some patients are advised to take sedatives and agents that affect nervous regulation bladder activity.

In many cases successful treatment dysuria is impossible without surgery. So the help of surgeons is needed for various tumors, congenital disorders, incorrect location of the bladder, etc.

Timely diagnosis and proper treatment of dysuria in most cases allows achieving full recovery.

Ekaterina, www.site

P.S. The text uses some forms characteristic of oral speech.

Dysuria is a disorder of the urination process. Is not separate disease, and a symptom of functional or organic damage organs of the excretory system. Dysuric disorders manifest themselves against the background of other diseases and can occur in different forms in both men and women, children, but most often they can be observed in older people. It causes a lot of inconvenience and discomfort, and often severe pain. Such symptoms cannot go unnoticed and therefore require medical intervention.

Manifestations depend on the form of dysuria and the disease that accompanies it. They are conventionally divided into 3 categories:

1. Problems associated with failure of urine accumulation (frequent urination, incontinence, involuntary urination while a person is sleeping).
2. Signs that relate to impaired urine output (problems with urination, weak or intermittent stream, splashing urine).
3. Symptoms that occur immediately after bowel movement (feeling of incomplete emptying, leakage).

The disease is often accompanied by the following symptoms:

• acute pain in the lower abdomen;
• prolonged burning sensation;
• pain during urination;
• various difficulties when trying to go to the toilet;
• lack of urine production for a long period (a day or more).

In addition, other symptoms may occur: elevated temperature, itching in the perineal area, constant discharge from the genitals, cloudy urine (sometimes with blood). If you have any of the above signs, you should immediately make an appointment with a doctor. Especially it concerns acute delay urine, because in this case the person’s condition can be extremely life-threatening and signal irreversible pathological processes in organism.

Irritating factors

The causes of dysuria are very diverse. It may result from some physiological changes in the body: pregnancy, menopause, hypothermia, condition alcohol intoxication, disorders of the central nervous system, stress and even just psychological stress. There are cases of its appearance as side effect after medical procedures medications that have a diuretic effect.

The disease may be associated with defects in the functioning of the genitourinary system and acquired pathologies (imperfect placement of organs, injuries, fistulas and scars, postoperative condition). Often the reasons for such unpleasant symptoms associated with a urinary tract infection or inflammation of the bladder. These signs are observed with cystitis, vulvovaginitis, and sexually transmitted infections. Dysuria in men can be a harbinger of prostate problems.

Sometimes similar signs They also occur with lesions not of the bladder itself, but of the organs near it - the inflammatory process of appendicitis, pelvic or intestinal diseases. The same applies to kidney diseases, for example, the presence of stones or pyelonephritis, which negatively affect the urinary system. Factors causing dysuria include malignant formations of the genitourinary system and neighboring organs (intestines, stomach, pelvic bones).

Dysuria in women is caused by a number of gynecological diseases: inflammatory diseases of the vulva, vagina and cervix. Problems with urination are common as a consequence of endocrine diseases, e.g. diabetes mellitus. Patients with this disease are more susceptible to infection than others different types infections due to hyperglycemia.

In addition, neglect of hygiene rules can have such consequences unpleasant consequences. This is especially true for women, since their urethra is shorter than a man's. It is located close to the vagina and rectum, which are inhabited by harmful microbes. Improper washing can allow many bacteria to enter the body. Excessive sexual activity and frequent change sexual partners increases the risk of infection.

Forms of the disease

Exist different types dysuria, which differ in their symptoms and methods of control. The most common:

• pollakiuria;;
• incontinence;
• strangury;
• painful urination;
• ishuria.

Pollakiuria - frequent urination. Characterized by frequent urges to the toilet, and the urine excretion itself occurs in small portions. This phenomenon occurs in the following pathological conditions:

• cystitis (with sharp pain);
• prostate adenoma (the urge becomes more frequent at night, as there is a rush of blood to the pelvic organs and iron becomes larger);
• stones in the bladder (urine discharge is more common during the day);
• prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall;
• a number of other gynecological diseases.

Failure to hold - uncontrolled urination with a sudden urge. There are urge urination and stress urination. In the first option, a person has an irresistible desire to go to the toilet, which can be traced to inflammation of the bladder or its hyperreactivity. In the second case, involuntary release of urine occurs when coughing, sneezing, sudden lifting of weights, etc. This condition is predetermined weak muscles pelvic floor and sphincter. It can be seen especially often in females. old age, is considered a consequence of prolapse of the vaginal wall, as well as menopause.

Incontinence is involuntary uncontrolled incontinence of urine without preliminary urges. With all this, there is absolutely no feeling of the bubble being overcrowded. Bedwetting (enuresis) is common in children. Its determining factor may be the lack of a conditioned reflex to restrain the urge to urinate while a person is sleeping.

Strangury is a difficult process with ailments and lack of feeling of emptying until the end. The phenomenon occurs with various neurological changes, adenoma, prostate cancer, and bladder tumors. Painful urination accompanies various gynecological and urological ailments.

Ishuria is the inability to independently empty the bladder. The culprit for this may be a blockage of the urinary tract or a spasm. smooth muscle along with damage to the nervous system. In this case, the patient cannot go to the toilet, despite the overcrowding of the bladder.

Diagnosis of the disease

Since dysuria can lead to serious complications, if its signs appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. A urologist, gynecologist and neurologist can identify the causes of the disease and prescribe its treatment, and in acute forms, emergency hospitalization may be necessary.

History taking includes full information about the duration of symptoms, their localization. Since when various diseases pain may manifest itself in different places. The doctor clarifies previous diseases and urological manipulations. During the examination, an assessment of the functioning of all indicators of the body should be made. In women, it is necessary to analyze the pelvic area, and in men, the external genitalia.

In addition to consulting a doctor, you may need whole line events:

• gynecological or general examination;
• culture of urine for flora to identify bacteria that cause infections or inflammation;
• microscopy of gynecological smear;
• bacteriological culture;
• ultrasound examination of the reproductive and urinary systems;
• cystoscopy ( endoscopic examination Bladder);
• comprehensive urodynamic examination.

Signs that you need to pay special attention to when diagnosing:

• fever;
• pain in the lumbar region;
• presence of immunodeficiency;
• recently performed instrumental studies;
• relapses of infections and other urological ailments.

Women during pregnancy, elderly patients and patients with prolonged or recurrent dysuria require special attention and more thorough examination. If you leave things to chance, a number of complications may arise: irritation and abrasions of the skin of the perineum, infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, constant discomfort, accumulation toxic substances in the blood and even death. But even after treatment, some complications are possible, especially after surgical procedures, so it is better to do everything on time and not advance the disease.

You should not diagnose your problems yourself, because many ailments have similar signs and irritating factors. Only experienced specialist will be able to distinguish different forms and diseases, having performed a number of instrumental and other examinations. Problems of the genitourinary system can lead to significant complications and negative consequences.

Course of therapy

Treatment of the disease depends on its form and stage. For infectious and inflammatory diseases, drugs with antibacterial effect. Conservative treatment includes the following methods:

• the use of medications that regulate the functioning of the bladder;
• use of antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial drugs;
• treatment with drugs that help relax the bladder;
• sedative therapy when dysuria is caused by stress and nervous experiences.
• exercises that strengthen the muscles of the perineum;
• training the bladder and developing a regular urination routine;
• application additional funds to hold the genitourinary organs in the pelvis in case of their prolapse or means to prevent the unconscious release of urine;
• electrical stimulation of the perineal muscles for their renewal and strengthening.

If the problem is a consequence of menopause, use hormone therapy. Patients with a more complex form of the disease require hospitalization. Surgery can be performed different ways: loop (sling) operations that are aimed at creating an artificial urethral sphincter from one’s own tissues or synthetic materials.

The patient will not be able to prescribe a course of medications on his own, because not all forms of the disease can be cured with such therapy. In some cases it is necessary urgent hospitalization followed by surgery. There is no need to waste time, you should immediately contact medical institution for qualified help.

In addition, operations are carried out to eliminate malignant tumors, fixation of the bladder if it is placed incorrectly and plastic surgery to correct congenital defects of the genitourinary organs. Doctors use periurethral injections, through which substances are introduced into the tissues that affect their size, which facilitates the closure of the sphincter. At the same time, during drug treatment Some recommendations should be followed: bed rest, use a heating pad, as heat promotes blood supply to the mucous membrane of the urinary tract. You also need to watch your diet and consume required quantity fluids, as this will increase urine output.

Prevention of the disease

In order not to have to treat dysuria, it is best to engage in its prevention. To do this, it is necessary to treat infectious-inflammatory and tumor diseases genitourinary system, and medications should be taken only as prescribed by a specialist. The patient needs to control his weight and be active, healthy image life, exercise or choose some healthy hobby (swimming, cycling, brisk walking). For preventive purposes, you can do exercises to strengthen the muscles of the perineum and lead a healthy lifestyle.

It is advisable to limit lifting heavy objects unless absolutely necessary, avoid hypothermia, and adhere to all hygiene rules. People should ensure they urinate regularly. You can’t stand it if you want to go to the toilet, as this can cause stagnation of urine in the bladder. It is necessary to keep the pH level normal. To do this, use vitamin C and medicines from cranberries, as they prevent the growth of bacteria to the mucous membrane of the urinary tract. In addition, we must not forget about routine inspections. You need to visit a gynecologist 2 times a year.

Dysuria or dysuric disorder is a term that combines a group of symptoms and clinically manifested abnormalities that are associated with disorders in natural process urination. These may include difficult, or excessive, incontinence or urinary retention in the body. In addition to frequently occurring symptoms, there may also be individual, rarer, little-known cases with separate symptoms.

• Urological and nephrological factors. Dysuria is most typical for infections or tumors of the urinary system: kidneys, bladder, ureters and urinary canals; observed with the appearance of scars on the walls of the bladder.
• Gynecological and andrological factors. Urinary disorder can be caused by diseases of the prostate gland, inflammatory processes, infections, or genital organs caused by weakening muscle tissue in the crotch. Symptoms in women are also observed during pregnancy, premenstrual or menopausal syndrome.
• Endocrine factors. Dysuric syndrome can occur with diabetes and diabetes insipidus and other endocrine diseases.
• Neurological factors. Neurological dysuria usually occurs with severe nervous shock, regular stress, chronic fatigue and degenerative diseases central nervous system. The effects of alcohol and other narcotic substances can also provoke dysuric phenomena.
• Physiological factors. Urinary disorder can be either temporary (during rehabilitation after injuries or operations) or permanent (due to chronic diseases, birth defects development or acquired defects in the structure of the organs of the genitourinary system).

Classification

Characterized by rapid and often painful urination. Most often observed in patients with acute form and urolithiasis, also similar symptoms in men are observed with ( benign neoplasm on the tissues of the prostate gland, often occurring in men after 40 years). In women, frequent urination may occur as a result gynecological diseases. With pollakiuria, the number of urges to urinate during the day can reach 8 or more times.

More often expressed as a symptom of an obstruction to the outflow of urine, which is possible with prostate adenoma or cancer, or (narrowing of the opening foreskin). However, this disorder can also occur with deformities or neurological changes in the structure of the muscular wall of the bladder.

1. Chronic.

This form of dysuria can be caused by decompensation of the bladder wall, which in turn is also a complication after prolonged difficulty in the act of emptying. In the first stages, urination occurs quite often, but in small portions, then, as decompensation develops, the remains of unremoved urine begin to linger and accumulate in the bladder cavity.

If the cause of the pathology is not identified and eliminated in time, the volume of accumulated fluid increases, which can cause chronic difficulty urinating. Such an outcome is fraught severe violation muscle tone of the bladder, and then the function of its sphincter, which inevitably entails complete absence ability to urinate independently.

Next comes a condition in which urine begins to flow out involuntarily due to the overflow of the bladder, namely - paradoxical ischuria. Such a complex urination disorder in men occurs in extremely advanced stages of prostate adenoma or in cases of severe damage to the central nervous system.

Unlike chronic delay, this form dysuria can occur completely spontaneously and is one of the emergency conditions. The cause of this disorder may be large sizes a stone in the bladder or ureter that interferes with the process of emptying, injury or narrowing of the urethra, as well as acute prostatitis.

Among other things, such consequences can be caused by such factors as taking excessive amounts of diuretics, alcohol, spicy foods nutrition, surgical operations on organs abdominal cavity or sedentary lifestyle life.

Incontinence is conventionally divided into true (uncontrolled urine output through urethra) and false (liquid release through birth defects in the urinary system). In addition, with infections of the bladder or ureter, urine can enter the body through fistulas or ruptures.

True incontinence is often a consequence of a violation of the basic functions of the sphincter or detrusor (muscular membrane) of the bladder and urethra.

Doctors also distinguish between urgent (or imperative) and stress urinary incontinence.

• Urge incontinence can be one of the symptoms of an overactive bladder or an acute form of inflammation of one of the organs of the urinary system. It is characterized by excessive activity of the bladder wall and is expressed mainly by a strong, uncontrollable urge to urinate.
• Stress incontinence is a sign of loss of tone in the pelvic floor muscles and bladder sphincter. This form of disorder can appear in women during menopause due to hormonal imbalance or in old age due to prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall. Characterized by involuntary release of urine during sudden movements, fast walking, sneezing, coughing, lifting heavy objects, etc.

A separate type of incontinence is (involuntary night urination), which is a consequence of the lack of a developed conditioned reflex that suppresses the urge to empty the bladder during sleep. May occur in children, most often boys, and usually resolves completely without drug intervention to the onset of puberty.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of dysuria is aimed primarily at identifying the form and severity of the disorder, and, naturally, the true root cause of the symptoms. To begin with, specialists conduct a detailed survey of the patient in order to maximally clarify the duration, frequency and severity of symptoms of the disease, as well as make a preliminary diagnosis. After systematizing complaints and general examination The patient is prescribed the following tests:

1. (to establish the probability inflammatory processes in the organs of the urinary system).
2. (to detect possible infectious agents, affecting organs urinary system).
3. ultrasound examination of the genitourinary system (to determine the presence or absence of congenital and acquired pathologies, defects and deformations).
4. (allows you to obtain images of the bladder in different projections to study the processes or changes occurring in it).

Women need to undergo a complete gynecological examination in order to detect possible inflammatory or infectious diseases genitals.

At high probability for neurological disorders, patients are prescribed magnetic resonance imaging or (MRI or CT).

Treatment

The main thing in the treatment of urinary disorders in women and men is to eliminate the root cause, that is, the disease that caused dysfunction of the bladder or urethra (urethra).

When infections or inflammatory processes are detected, it is usually prescribed special diet, recovery measures water balance in the body and elimination pain, if necessary, therapy with anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antiviral drugs.

If we're talking about about benign or malignant neoplasms, pathologies and deformities, then surgical intervention may be indicated:

• surgery to eliminate the tumor;
• interstitial injections;
• operations to correct the location and fixation of the bladder;
• creation of an artificial sphincter;
• operations to correct or correct developmental defects of the genitourinary system.

TO conservative methods Treatments for dysuria in women and men include:

1. physical exercise or electrical stimulation to strengthen the muscles of the perineum and pelvic floor.
2. a special diet that excludes foods that irritate the flora of the bladder.
3. developing bladder continence by establishing a voiding schedule.
4. sedatives or sedatives(for disorders associated with stress and nervous shock).
5. stimulants, regulators that normalize the functioning of the urinary system.
6. hormonal therapy (for incontinence in women during menopause).
7. the use of devices to support or retain the organs of the genitourinary system in the pelvis.

Prevention

To avoid urinary disorders, you should carefully monitor the condition of the urinary and reproductive systems, and promptly apply all measures to cure inflammatory, infectious and viral diseases.

It is important to control body weight, give preference to an active lifestyle, avoid hypothermia and do not forget about mandatory personal hygiene.

In order to be guaranteed to avoid complications and nervous shock associated with them, if any symptoms of the disease appear, do not hesitate and contact a specialist.