The influence of various factors on resting heart rate. What you need to know about heart rate? Minimum heart rate

Depending on age and physical activity, a healthy adult's heart rate may change over the years. The resting heart rate is minimal, since the body in this state does not need additional energy.

A normal heart rate for an adult between the ages of 18 and 50 should be between 60 and 100 beats per minute.

About the human pulse

Oxygen enters human organs and tissues with blood flowing through arteries (blood vessels through which blood is carried from the heart) under a certain pressure - arterial. This causes vibration of the arterial walls. The forward and reverse movement of blood to the heart also (normally) causes emptying and filling of the veins. Under the influence of blood pressure, red blood cells (red blood cells) are forced through capillaries (the thinnest blood vessels), overcoming high resistance; Electrolytes (substances that conduct electric current) pass through their walls.

This creates pulse beats that are felt throughout the body, in all vessels. An amazing phenomenon! Although in reality it is a pulse wave - a wave of movements of the walls of blood vessels under pressure, which is very fast and sounds like a short sound. The number of these waves normally corresponds to the number of heart contractions.

How to calculate?

The most accessible way to measure heart rate is palpation, a manual method based on touch. Quick and simple, it does not require special training.

To obtain the most accurate reading, place your index and middle fingers on the surface of the skin over the artery and count the pulse for 60 seconds. You can also use a faster method by determining the pulse in 20 seconds and multiplying the resulting value by 3.

The easiest way to determine the pulse is in the wrist area.

Before measuring the pulse, a person should be in a calm position for some time, preferably sitting or lying down. It is better to count for at least a minute, otherwise the accuracy may not be sufficient. The easiest way to measure your pulse on your own is your wrist and neck.

To palpate the radial artery, you need to place the hand being palpated, preferably the left (since it is closer to the heart), palm up at the level of the heart. You can place it on a horizontal surface. Place the pads of the index and middle fingers together, straight but relaxed, on the wrist or just below. From the base of the thumb, if you press lightly, you should feel a rush of blood.

The carotid artery is also probed with two fingers. You need to look for it by tracing the skin from the base of the jaw to the throat from top to bottom. In a small hole, the pulse will be felt best, but you should not press hard, since pinching the carotid artery can lead to fainting (for the same reason, you should not measure the pressure by palpating both carotid arteries at the same time).

Both independent and regular medical measurement of the pulse is a fairly simple but important preventative procedure that should not be neglected.

What to do if the pulse does not match the heart rate?

in the wrist area;
on the inner surface of the elbow;
on the side of the neck;
in the groin area.

However, if your heart rate does not always match your heart rate. It can be determined by placing a medical phonendoscope on the left side of the chest, approximately at the intersection point of a vertical line crossing the middle of the collarbone and a horizontal line running through the axillary region. The phonendoscope can be moved to find the point with the best audibility of heart sounds.

In medicine, heart rate is determined using an electrocardiogram - a recording of electrical signals that are generated in the heart and cause it to contract. Long-term recording of heart rate for a day or more is carried out using Holter ECG monitoring.

Why can heart rate change at rest?

The main factors influencing changes in heart rate:

when the temperature and/or humidity increases, the heart rate increases by 5 – 10 beats per minute;
when moving from a lying position to a vertical one, heart rate increases in the first 15–20 seconds, then returns to its original value;
heartbeat increases with tension, anxiety, expressed emotions;
in people with large weight, the heart rate is usually higher than in people of the same age and gender, but with normal body weight;
with fever, an increase in temperature of 1 degree is accompanied by an increase in heart rate by 10 beats per minute; There are exceptions to this rule, when the heart rate does not increase so much - these are typhoid fever, sepsis and some variants of viral hepatitis.

Reasons for the slowdown

First of all, you need to make sure that the pulse measurement is carried out technically correctly. A heart rate less than 60 per minute is not always associated with health problems. It can be caused by medications such as beta blockers.

Rare heartbeat (up to 40 per minute) is often observed in physically active people or professional athletes. This is due to the fact that their heart muscle contracts very well and is able to maintain normal blood flow without additional effort. Below we provide tables that allow you to roughly determine a person’s physical fitness by his resting heart rate.

Heart diseases such as ischemic heart disease, endocarditis, myocarditis, as well as some other diseases - hypothyroidism (insufficient hormonal activity of the thyroid gland) or an imbalance of electrolytes in the blood can lead to a slow heartbeat.

Reasons for the increase

The most common cause of accelerated heart rate is inadequate rest before measurement. It is best to measure this indicator in the morning after waking up, without getting out of bed. You should also make sure that your heart rate is counted correctly.

Children and adolescents have a higher heart rate than adults. Other factors that increase heart rate:

use of caffeine or other stimulants;
recent smoking or drinking alcohol;
stress;
high blood pressure.

Most illnesses increase heart rate, including fever, congenital heart defects, and hyperthyroidism.

Heart rate tables by age

To find out whether your heart rate is normal for healthy people, it should be measured and compared with the indicators presented in the table by age. In this case, a deviation from the specified standard will in most cases indicate unsatisfactory functioning of the vascular walls or incorrect functioning of the circulatory system as a whole.

For men

Physical state	1 age category	2nd age category	3 age category	4 age category	5 age category	6 age category
Age table for men	18 - 25 years old	26 - 35 years old	36 - 45 years old	46 - 55 years old	56 - 65 years old	65 and older
Athletes	49-55 beats min.	49-54 beats min.	50-56 beats min.	50-57 beats min.	51-56 beats min.	50-55 beats min.
Excellent	56-61 beats min.	55-61 bpm min.	57-62 beats. min.	58-63 beats. min.	57-61 bpm min.	56-61 beats min.
Good	62-65 bpm min.	62-65 bpm min.	63-66 bpm min.	64-67 bpm min.	62-67 bpm min.	62-65 bpm min.
Better than average	66-69 bpm min.	66-70 bpm min.	67-70 bpm min.	68-71 bpm min.	68-71 bpm min.	66-69 bpm min.
Average	70-73 bpm min.	71-74 beats. min.	71-75 bpm min.	72-76 beats min.	72-75 beats min.	70-73 bpm min.
Worse than average	74-81 beats min.	75-81 beats min.	76-82 beats min.	77-83 beats min.	76-81 beats min.	74-79 beats min.
Bad	82+ beats min.	82+ beats min.	83+ beats min.	84+ beats min.	82+ beats min.	80+ beats min.

What a person's pulse is is affected by his fitness and habit of frequent exercise that requires endurance - for example, medium and long distance running, walking, rowing, cycling, swimming. The heart muscle of such athletes is able to pump the same volume of blood in fewer contractions (athletic heart syndrome).

For women

Physical state	1 age category	2nd age category	3 age category	4 age category	5 age category	6 age category
Age table for women	18 - 25 years old	26 - 35 years old	36 - 45 years old	46 - 55 years old	56 - 65 years old	65 years and older
Athletes	54-60 beats min.	54-59 beats min.	54-59 beats min.	54-60 beats min.	54-59 beats min.	54-59 beats min.
Excellent	61-65 beats min.	60-64 beats min.	60-64 beats min.	61-65 beats min.	60-64 beats min.	60-64 beats min.
Good	66-69 bpm min.	65-68 beats min.	65-69 beats min.	66-69 bpm min.	65-68 beats min.	65-68 beats min.
Better than average	70-73 bpm min.	69-72 beats min.	70-73 bpm min.	70-73 bpm min.	69-73 beats min.	69-72 beats min.
Average	74-78 beats min.	73-76 beats min.	74-78 beats min.	74-77 beats min.	74-77 beats min.	73-76 beats min.
Worse than average	79-84 beats min.	77-82 beats min.	79-84 beats min.	78-83 beats min.	78-83 beats min.	77-84 beats min.
Bad	85+ beats min.	83+ beats min.	85+ beats min.	84+ beats min.	84+ beats min.	84+ beats min.

Movement helps train the blood organs; Cardio exercise (from the Greek kardio, heart) with regularity significantly increases both life length and its quality. And they do not require any special means: even an ordinary walk (not even necessarily every day!) with a subjectively fast step instead of immobility fundamentally improves the condition.

At any age, it is useful to measure your pulse; the norm by age for men in the form of tables will show how healthy your heart is. They provide standards for each age and activity level.

If the heart rate differs from how much the pulse per minute should be in men, then you need to take care of your health and make sure that there are no stressful situations.

Pulse is a jerky rhythmic oscillation of arteries and capillaries in response to the heartbeat. Typically, the arterial pulse is measured, which is created by changes in vascular volume during the working cycle of the heart. During contraction of the ventricles, the walls stretch; during relaxation, they return to their original size.

Heart rate can be easily determined by palpating large arteries. There are several places you can use to measure your pulse:

The most common one is on the inside of the wrist.
On the carotid artery under the lower jaw.
Below the knee.
There are other places (groin, foot, etc.), but the pulse is difficult to find here.

Typically, the radial artery is used for measurement. It lies at the very bottom of the forearm, near its junction with the wrist joint. The radial artery is ideal for measuring heart rate, as it is located close to the surface and at the same time supported from below by the radius bone, making the vessel easy to palpate.

Important! To measure your heartbeat, your hand should be relaxed.

Place 2-3 fingers on the vessel and feel the pulse without applying strong pressure. At the same time, the characteristics of the pulse are analyzed: frequency, rhythm, tension, magnitude and filling. When determining these indicators, many cardiovascular pathologies can be identified:

tachycardia;
bradycardia;
different kinds ;
extrasystole.

For accurate data, the pulse must be measured for a minute. In this case, it is recommended to start counting the time simultaneously with the first heartbeat. For arrhythmias, for reliability, you can increase the calculation period to two minutes. During exercise, the normal pulse rate in 35-year-old men is less than that of the opposite sex, but the difference is small - only 5–7 beats.

The standards at any age are as follows:

normal pulse for a man under 40 years of age and older is 60–90 beats;
in case of excitement - up to 100;
during training - 115–200, it all depends on the intensity of the exercise.

Possible symptoms of tachycardia

What should be the normal heart rate per minute for men?

In men, the heart rate fluctuates greatly depending on activity. It is most normal in men at night, during sleep, and it accelerates most during sports activities (running, lifting weights).

In addition, a person’s fitness is of great importance. With constant training, the heart rate drops significantly; the norm for men who play sports is 20–30% lower. This occurs because, as a result of training, the volume of the heart increases, which allows it to pump more blood per unit of time and contract less often.

At rest

The normal resting heart rate for a man is 60–80 vibrations per minute. You should know that heart rate can only be determined if at least 20–40 minutes have passed since the last workout or strength work (depending on the intensity).

In addition, sports training has a huge impact. The usual level for trained people is 50-55 beats per minute, but for some sports the heart rate is even lower - 30-35. It should be noted that the resting heart rate in men does not change by age.

When walking

The normal heart rate when walking in men varies depending on the person’s fitness and age. In athletes, it may not cross the barrier of 90 beats, and in lazy older people, the heart rate sometimes rises to 110–120. It is easy to calculate the maximum normal limit for a man; to do this, you need to subtract your age from 180.

When running

To calculate the upper norm, a man needs to subtract his age from 220. To lose weight during training, it is necessary that your heart rate approaches its maximum value. To improve your health, it is enough to reach a level of 60–70% of the upper value of the normal heart rate when running for men.

Here you need to clearly understand the difference between normal heart rate values during training for men and the maximum permissible.

The norm is the recommended values, beyond which it is undesirable for sports fans to go. However, professional athletes often achieve maximum heart rates that are much higher than average.

The table below describes the normal heart rate during exercise in men by age. In the central column are the recommended standards, in the right column are the maximum permissible figures for athletes by age.

Age	Average values	Maximum
20	130-160	200
25	127-156	195
30	124-152	190
35	120-148	185
40	117-144	180
45	114-140	175
50	111-136	170
55	107-132	165
60	104-128	160
65 and above	98-120	150

At night

Normally, the pulse rate at night in men drops to 50 and below. However, this is not entirely true, since heart rate fluctuates greatly depending on brain activity. Sleep consists of slow and rapid phases; the first also includes shallow and deep sleep. The slow and fast phases form a cycle that lasts about 90 minutes. A person normally goes through 4–6 cycles per night.

The pulse reaches its minimum value during the phase of shallow slow-wave sleep. At the deep stage, it rises and reaches its peak during REM sleep. In this case, the heart rate may be even higher than when awake. Thus, the pulse rhythmically changes its frequency at night depending on the stage of dreams.

The ratio of heart rate at rest and during exercise

If you need to compare your indicators with what heart rate is considered normal in men, then you need to analyze not only the heart rate during rest or training, but also the ratio of these parameters to each other. To do this, a Ruffier test is performed at any age.

First, the resting heart rate in a sitting position is determined, this data is used in variable A. Do 30 deep squats in half a minute. Then the heart rate is measured in a standing position immediately after performing the exercise, this indicator is recorded in B. After a minute, the pulse is measured again and the value in variable C is used.

The formula for the Ruffier index for any age is as follows: [ (A+B+C) - 200] /10

A man needs to evaluate the result like this:

Ruffier index less than 0 is an excellent indicator;
from 1 to 5 - good;
from 6 to 10 - satisfactory;
from 11 to 15 - unsatisfactory;
more than 15 is an extremely bad indicator.

Age norms

The pulse fluctuates depending on age; in childhood the heart rate is higher, and with age it slows down. This happens because young children have a much more active metabolism as the young person grows.

It is worth noting that in old age there is a slowdown in heart rate. However, this phenomenon must be assessed as a pathological phenomenon, since at the age of 60 years the normal pulse rate in a man remains the same - 60–90 beats.

For the young

Young people have a higher heart rate because their body is growing, and for this the metabolism must be greater. The table below shows heart rate norms by age for men.

For middle age

The pulse rate in men from 30 to 50 years old fluctuates quite slightly. This is because there is almost no change in metabolism. Of course, everything depends on the fitness of the individual person’s body. However, the normal heart rate of a 30-year-old man is no different from the heart rate of a 20- or 40-year-old man.

For the elderly

In old age, blood pressure increases very strongly, but the normal pulse in a man of 60, 70 or 80 years old changes quite little. However, the norm here greatly depends on the individual.

Sports fans should not worry if the normal heart rate of a man at 50 years old does not differ from that at the age of thirty.

The table shows the norm for age:

Pivot table

In the table below you can see what the normal pulse is for a person at 55 years old and for younger men.

Age	Dream	Peace	Walking	Run	Training
Boys	50-60	60-90	110-130	120-190	160-200
20-29	50-60	60-90	135-145	130-170	160-200
30-39	50-60	60-90	125-135	120-160	150-190
40-49	50-60	60-90	115-125	110-150	145-185
50 and above	50-60	60-90	100-115	100-145	130-150

Types of heart rate disorders

A decrease or increase in the number of strokes at any age indicates disorders in the cardiovascular system. Therefore, with such a symptom, it is necessary to take care of your health, otherwise with age the pathology will develop and the problems will become more serious.

It is important to know two pathological types of pulse:

Tachycardia - acceleration of heart rate.
Bradycardia is a slow heart rate.

There are physiological causes of tachycardia:

strong pain;
stress;
physical overload;
cold;
medicines.

The pathological causes of tachycardia are as follows:

increased blood pressure;
diseases of the autonomic nervous system;
neoplasms;
diseases of the heart muscle;
hormonal imbalances;
bacterial and viral pathologies;
blood loss.

A man’s normal pulse changes not only from strength work, but also naturally (due to emotional excitement, overeating, cold). In this case, the heartbeat returns to normal when the influencing factors disappear. In the presence of vegetative-vascular dystonia, not only tachycardia, but also rhythm disturbances can be observed, however, in the absence of stress, the heart pulse in men returns to normal in 20–40 minutes.

Healthy heart and heart with bradycardia

What to do if your heart rate does not correspond to the average values?

Physiological types of tachycardia and bradycardia do not require treatment; at any age, it is enough to eliminate the causes of heart rate disturbances. Pathologies require therapy, which completely depends on the type of disease and age. However, at home, a man can take some measures to return his pulse to normal.

If you have tachycardia, first of all you need to calm down and stop physical activity. To quickly eliminate tachycardia and return to normal, a man can independently take the following medications at any age:

Valerian tincture. The dosage is 20–30 drops 3–4 times a day. The advantage of the product is its mild antispasmodic effect. In addition, the drops have a complex effect: they reduce heart rate, reduce blood pressure, and relieve vasospasm.
Motherwort tincture. Has a stronger sedative effect. The dosage is 30–50 drops 3–4 times a day. The drug eliminates arrhythmia, reduces blood pressure and vascular tone. Sometimes an allergic reaction to the drug is observed.

If the heartbeat is not lower than 50 beats per minute, then it is better to use natural methods to return the pulse to normal. A man can drink strong coffee and do light exercise in the fresh air.

For bradycardia, it is better to take belladonna tincture. The product contains atropine, but is more gentle. To relieve symptoms, 5–10 drops are enough, but in severe cases, the dosage can be increased to 20 drops.

If there is a serious decrease in heart rate, it is necessary to take atropine. It is used in the form of a 0.1% solution for subcutaneous injection in a dose of 0.5 ml; if necessary, the volume of the drug can be increased to a milliliter.

Useful video

From the following video you can learn useful information about a person's pulse:

Conclusion

The normal heart rate fluctuates greatly depending on training and overall activity level.
In adults, the norm is 60–70 beats, but the heart rate can increase to 80–90. When walking, the normal heart rate in men increases by 25–30%, and during serious strength work - by 200–300%.
To return the heart rate to normal, in case of tachycardia, take motherwort or valerian tincture, and in case of bradycardia, take belladonna tincture or atropine.

The pulse is usually called the periodic shocks of the walls of the arteries associated with the cardiac cycle.

By this indicator one can judge deviations or their absence in the functioning of the human body.

Sometimes an experienced doctor can suspect the presence of a particular disease only by feeling the patient’s pulse.

In addition to the factors listed below, when measuring the pulse, other factors are taken into account: its size (the sum of the general assessment of tension and filling), height, shape. But they are already observed by a doctor if there are certain indications. Some of these characteristics can be accurately determined only with the help of special instruments.

When measuring this indicator, the following factors should be taken into account:

Frequency- the number of beats over a certain period of time (usually per minute). For an adult, the norm is 60-90 vibrations in 60 seconds.
Voltage— level of resistance of the artery during clamping. This indicator should be moderate - for example, with hypertension, the vessel is difficult to compress, and with a sharp drop in pressure, light pressure is enough for the pulse to disappear. The voltage is determined by pressing the vessel with your fingers until the pulsation stops to pump blood. The more effort required to do this, the higher the blood pressure and, accordingly, the pulse tension.
Filling- the amount of blood in the artery during heart rhythm. This factor is moderate (full) in a healthy person, poor filling - in the presence of infectious or heart diseases. A barely palpable pulse is equally bad as an overly aggressive one.
Rhythm- these are the intervals between vibrations of the walls of blood vessels. The tremors can be rhythmic or not (arrhythmic). The normal pulse rate is the same intervals of heart beats.
Symmetry- identity of heart waves on both limbs. To assess this factor, it is necessary to measure vibrations of the vessel walls simultaneously on the right and left arms. The norm is a symmetrical pulse. If there is a delay in the impulses on one side, this indicates the presence of some disease - a tumor or heart defect.

Pulse measurement is carried out in various ways. The simplest of them is using a heart rate monitor. This is a small device, similar to a watch. It is worn on the wrist, after which sensitive sensors determine the intensity of the heartbeat.

The received data is displayed on a small screen. Thanks to this, the owner of the device will know about his physical condition and will be able to regulate the intensity of the load.

Similar sensors are built into some exercise equipment, as well as into electronic tonometers - in addition to blood pressure readings, they determine the pulse rate, and some even show an indication of arrhythmia, as well as indicators of movement and correct body position during measurement.

Pulse can be measured manually, without the use of instruments. The procedure is carried out on the arteries closest to the skin, radial, carotid, brachial, femoral, popliteal, temporal. To do this, use three fingers of one hand - index, middle and ring - to feel the pulsation of the radial artery of the other hand.

All three fingers should be in line, just above the thumb. With light pressure on the artery, each of them should clearly feel the pulse wave. After this, you should notice the time and begin to count the number of vibrations of the vessel walls. The pulse rate will be the number of blood pulses that occur within 1 minute.

Heart rate indicators can be influenced by many factors, including:

floor- women have an average pulse rate of 7 beats higher than men. This is due to the fact that the female heart is smaller in size, so in order to pump an equal volume of blood it has to contract more often;
time of year and ambient temperature— in a tropical climate, the heart rate increases, so people suffering from hypertension are not recommended to vacation in hot countries with high humidity. Accordingly, cold can slow down blood flow and other body functions;
physical exercise- after sports, hard work and intimacy, the heart begins to beat faster;
emotional condition- any emotions (no matter sad or joyful) cause rapid heartbeat;
eating and water procedures;
overweight;
body position- when lying down, the pulsation is less frequent;
infectious or viral disease- with an increase in body temperature by 1 degree, the pulse rate increases by 10 beats per minute. This also often happens when the body is poisoned;
in women, this indicator can be influenced the presence of "critical" days;
age- in newborns, the blood pulsation rate can be 140 beats per minute - in an adult with similar indicators, tachycardia is diagnosed.

As the data from the table shows, as a person grows older, his pulse slows down, and in old age it begins to increase again. There is evidence that before the onset of physical death, the heart rate (HR) reaches 160 beats per minute.

Heart rate - the norm in adult heart rate

Older people are often interested in heart rate (normal in adults), heart rhythm (normal in adults).

In cases where the heart rate does not reach minimum values, a specialist can diagnose bradycardia.

Depending on the causes that caused it, two forms are distinguished - pathological and functional. The first, in turn, is divided into extracardiac and organic forms.

The causes of extracardiac pathology can be neuroses, increased cranial pressure due to meningitis, bruise, swelling or brain tumor, stomach and duodenal ulcers.

The organic form can cause myocardial infarction, cardiosclerosis, and myocarditis.

The toxic type of bradycardia develops with obvious intoxication due to hepatitis, sepsis, typhoid fever, and poisoning with substances containing phosphorus.

Functional bradycardia is observed in a healthy person during sleep, as well as in professional athletes - in some, the pulse can reach 40-45 beats per minute. This is explained simply: under constant increased loads, the heart learns to work in an “economical” mode. After the end of a career in sports, the readings return to normal.

Symptoms of bradycardia are:

dizziness;
weakness;
cold sweat;
fainting and semi-conscious state;
fast fatiguability;
chest pain;
labored breathing;
unstable blood pressure;
disorders of thinking and memory.

If such symptoms are not observed with a low pulse, then we can talk about functional bradycardia - such a condition occurs infrequently and, as a rule, passes quickly. If pulse impulses are constantly low, this can cause heart failure.

Natural aging processes can lead to bradycardia - often in older people it is impossible to find out the causes of deviations. Such cases are defined as idiopathic form.

Often young people also show interest in heart rate (the norm in adults). The heart rate of the norm in adults sometimes significantly exceeds. The reverse of bradycardia is a very rapid pulse, reaching 100 beats per minute in an adult. - called tachycardia.

When the heartbeat accelerates, the organ is forced to work “for wear” and can quickly become unusable. In addition, blood circulation is disrupted, which can result in various organs and tissues of the body receiving insufficient amounts of oxygen.

Too fast a pulsation rhythm can be caused by the following factors:

abuse of alcohol, smoking and caffeinated drinks;
taking certain medications;
dysfunction of the thyroid gland;
damage to the heart muscle due to heart disease;
diseases of the central nervous system (CNS).

Types of tachycardia include atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation - in both cases, the heart rhythm is disrupted and the ventricles contract chaotically.

At times this leads to death.

Tachycardia can also be functional and pathological. The first form is caused by environmental conditions - a stuffy room, excessive coffee consumption, fast running, hot climate, etc.

The causes of pathological tachycardia are diseases of various systems or organs of the human body.

By type, sinus tachycardia is distinguished, in which the rhythm of the heartbeat is disturbed due to increased activity of the nerve sinus node, and ectopic - proceeding in the form of seizures.

This disease does not include accelerated fluctuations in the walls of arteries in newborns.

An electrocardiogram (ECG) can detect heart rate (normal in adults), heart rhythm (normal in adults), and changes in pulse. In some cases, Holter monitoring may be necessary - with this method, a cardiogram records every movement of the heart during the day. At this time, the patient lives his normal life - moves, goes to work and the gym, and does housework.

During the procedure, adhesive electrodes connected to a special device are attached to the patient's body. The device weighs 0.5 kg and is worn on a belt over the shoulder or attached to the belt. Data recording is carried out for 24 hours or more.

During the study, the patient must keep a diary, which records all changes in physical activity, time of rest and taking pills, possible outbursts of emotions, sensations of pain or discomfort in the heart area during various events or activities.

In some cases, a treadmill test is used - a diagnostic method carried out on a special treadmill under the supervision of a doctor, who evaluates various indicators of heart function under load.

Functional forms of heart rhythm disturbance do not require therapeutic treatment. If you have bradycardia, it will be enough to drink a cup of coffee for the pulsation to return to normal. Weakness and dizziness in this case can be easily eliminated with drugs containing ginseng root, Eleutherococcus, belladonna, ephedrine, and caffeine.

For tachycardia, it is possible to prescribe sedative (calming) drugs for a course of treatment. In such cases, Valocordin, Corvalol, tincture of valerian or motherwort are used. Herbal decoctions and herbal teas, which include mint, valerian, motherwort, hawthorn, peony, and lemon balm, help well.

Dealing with changes in heart rate necessarily includes quitting smoking. Nicotine causes vasoconstriction, which causes the heart to work at greatly increased loads.

Under no circumstances should you self-medicate. Drugs should be taken only on the advice of a doctor and in the doses determined by him. Failure to comply with these measures can lead to catastrophic consequences.

Normal heart beats per minute for men and women

The normal heart rate may vary between men. This indicator will depend on the physiological characteristics of the individual (height and weight), fitness level, age, the presence or absence of chronic diseases and the frequency of emotional upheavals.

The average rate of heart beats per minute for men and the rate of heart beats per minute for women will be different. In the strong half of humanity, it is 60-80 rhythmic shocks per minute in a calm state.

However, for a frequent gym goer, the pulse may not exceed 50 beats/min. This is explained by the fact that the trained athlete's heart contracts less often, makes fewer movements. Swimming, skiing, running are excellent for achieving such goals.

In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the pulse does not exceed the maximum limits. This indicator is easy to calculate - the number of full years should be subtracted from 220.

However, even for a regular at a fitness center, vibrations in the walls of blood vessels become more frequent when the body temperature or the environment increases, for example, in a steam room. The same happens in stressful situations and drinking alcohol.

It has long been proven that the rate of heart beats per minute in men and the rate of heart beats per minute in women are slightly, but different.

Firstly, as already mentioned, the female heart is smaller, so it has to contract more often. Secondly, ladies are more emotional creatures, and their heart begins to beat faster even on such occasions when a man would not even think about worrying. The reason could be a new model of handbag or an extra 200 g on the scales.

For women, the normal heart rate will be 60-80 beats per minute. However, there are nuances here too - it’s one thing to measure the indicator from the average office employee, and quite another thing from a young active lady who prefers working out in the park to shopping.

It is clear that in the latter case, a trained heart will “produce” a lower figure - approximately 50-60 beats/min. Moreover, even a stressful state will not cause this value to exceed 100-110 shocks in 60 seconds.

A separate topic is the pulse of a pregnant woman. Here it is inappropriate to draw analogies between the norm of heart beats per minute in men and the norm of heart beats per minute in women.

During this period, a radical restructuring of all functions occurs in the body. The pulse increases especially often in the first and third trimesters. In the first, this is due to the transformation of hormonal levels and possible toxicosis, in the latter, due to the fact that the baby has already grown up, and the mother’s heart has to distill more blood.

Acceptable heart rate readings for a pregnant woman should not exceed 110-120 beats per minute. At the same time, the expectant mother should not experience any unpleasant sensations - lack of air or chest pain.

To calm your heartbeat, a pregnant woman can do the following:

lie down on a flat surface and relax;
drink a glass of water in small sips;
go out into the fresh air;
wash with cold water;
inhale deeply and slowly and exhale slowly.

A slow pulse is rarely observed in women in an “interesting” position. Children from such mothers are sometimes born with insufficient weight or hypoxia.

If an infrequent heartbeat does not cause trouble for a woman, then she should walk more, drink more green tea, rest more often and sleep more, and also reconsider her diet.

Own indicators in children. For newborn babies, a fairly large range is considered normal - from 110 to 170 beats per minute. Ideally, this figure does not exceed 140.

Up to a year the values remain almost unchanged. Then the child begins an active growth phase (1-6 years), so his pulse can range from 90 to 150.

During primary school (6-12 years old), the norm will be 75-115 beats/min. After this, a sharp slowdown in pulsation begins - at 12-15 years of age the figure does not exceed 55-95 beats/min.

Starting from this age - 15 years - the heartbeat will be calculated according to the norms of an adult: 60-90 beats/min.

The number of heart beats per minute is normal

A high pulse is observed during physical and emotional stress, when being in a stuffy room, in hot weather, or when body temperature rises.

However, the reasons for a high rhythm may indicate the presence of certain ailments:

heart diseases;
disruption of the endocrine system;
emphysema (lung disease).

Among other things, taking certain medications can cause heart palpitations.

These can be hallucinogens, antidepressants, diuretics, vasoconstrictors for the common cold, cardiac glycosides, aphrodisiacs, and, of course, drugs.

A high pulse may occur after eating certain foods, coffee, tea, fatty foods, or with a lack of vitamins.

Anyone who cares about their well-being and often measures their pulse knows their number of heart beats per minute. The norm at rest in healthy people should not be more than 90 beats in 60 seconds.

Exceeding this indicator in most cases means a mild degree of tachycardia. But there are exceptions: for some individuals, a pulse above 90 may be a physiological feature of the body, which does not bother them at all and does not cause the slightest inconvenience.

An overestimated number of heart beats per minute is the norm for them, and a figure below this indicator can serve as an alarming signal.

You can determine the permissible load on the body using a simple experiment:

count your heart rate at rest;
Squat down 20 times, stretching your arms forward;
check your pulse again.

If the increase in pulse waves is 25% or less, the result is ideal and the heart is well trained; 25-50% is good, this can be considered the norm; 50-75% - low training.

When the figure shows more than 75% of the increase, then one can suspect the presence of cardiovascular pathologies - the resulting number of heart beats per minute is far from the norm. In this case, you should start to worry and schedule a visit to the doctor.

Also, one should not neglect the symptoms of tachycardia and bradycardia - a rapid heartbeat leads to rapid wear of the main organ, and a slow heartbeat leads to tissue hypoxia.

You should start taking care of your health as early as possible - undergo a medical examination at least once a year to be sure of the normal functioning of the body.

Those whose age has exceeded 45 years should be especially careful - the body cannot fully resist negative environmental factors and adequately respond to stressful situations.

All this contributes to heart rate disturbances and provokes the development of heart failure. This is why it is so important to monitor your pulse and visit a doctor on time.

Laboratory work No. 1

Topic: “Assessment of the state of the cardiovascular system”

The cardiovascular system, carrying out constant blood circulation in the body, must ensure the necessary level of metabolic processes in organs and tissues. This is achieved if blood moves through the capillaries at a certain volumetric velocity.

The formation of this speed depends on two oppositely directed influences:

1. The heart, rhythmically pumping blood from the venous system into the arterial system, creates a pressure difference at the beginning and end of the vascular system, causing the blood to move. The more blood the heart pumps per unit time (minute volume of the heart), the greater the pressure difference at the beginning and end of the vascular system and the greater the volumetric velocity of blood flow.

2. The blood flow experiences a certain inhibition due to the resistance of the vascular system, the viscous properties of blood, the friction of its particles against the walls of blood vessels and each other, etc. The greater the resistance to blood flow, the lower its volumetric velocity.

In healthy people in a calm state, all these values are more or less constant. Deviation from the norm of any of them indicates a change in the hemodynamics of the body.

The most accessible and convenient for assessing the state of the cardiovascular system at rest are the values of heart rate and arterial blood pressure.

Pulse(lat. - pulsus) is a jerky oscillation of the artery wall caused by the contraction of the heart.

The pulse rate corresponds to the number of pulse waves, or the number of heartbeats per minute. In an adult at rest, the pulse is 60-80 per minute, and in women it is somewhat more frequent than in men, and averages 72-80 per minute. In children under 5 years of age, the pulse reaches 100 beats per minute.

A pronounced increase in heart rate occurs during physical stress and mental arousal. A rare pulse - up to 44 - 60 per minute - is observed in well-trained athletes.

A rapid pulse (more than 90 beats), corresponding to an accelerated heart rate, is called tachycardia, rare (less than 60 per minute) - bradycardia.

Pulse rhythm accordingly heart activity may be correct(rhythmic), when all pulse waves are of the same size and the intervals between them are equal. The pulse rhythm can be disturbed due to changes in the magnitude of pulse waves and differences in the intervals between them - this pulse is called wrong(arrhythmic).

Blood pressure is directly dependent both on the amount of blood pumped by the heart per unit of time and on the resistance to blood flow. Arterial blood pressure is formed in the body as a dynamic process. It undergoes regular fluctuations due to the intermittent flow of blood from the heart into the arterial system and the elastic properties of the arterial vessels.

The relationship between the resistance to blood flow in the system and the elasticity of the arterial vessels is such that when the heart quickly ejects the next portion of blood into the aorta (systolic cardiac ejection), only a small part of the energy is expended by the heart to give the blood forward motion. The rest of the energy goes to stretching the walls of the arteries that receive blood.

The highest value of arterial blood pressure that is achieved during heart systole is called maximum, or systolic pressure. In an adult, it is 100 - 130 mm in the aorta. rt. Art. During the diastole of the heart, when blood does not enter the arterial system, but only flows out of it under the influence of the pressure of the arterial walls, blood pressure in the arteries drops. Immediately before the next systolic ejection of blood from the heart into the aorta, it reaches its lowest value and is called the minimum, or diastolic pressure. In humans it is 60 - 80 mm. rt. Art.

The difference between the maximum and minimum blood pressure values is referred to as pulse pressure. Pulse pressure reflects the capacity of the vascular system and is proportional to the volume of blood ejected with each contraction of the heart. At rest it should be between 40 and 50 mmHg. Art.

Pulse fluctuations in blood pressure in the arterial system are most pronounced in the immediate vicinity of the heart, gradually fading along the arterial bed and completely disappearing in the area of arterioles and capillaries.

Flowing through the vascular bed, blood gradually wastes energy to overcome resistance to its movement, and the pressure gradually drops. The drop in blood pressure along the bloodstream occurs unevenly, which is due to the structural features of the circulatory system.

In large and medium-sized arteries, where resistance to blood flow is low, the pressure drops slightly (by 10-15 mm Hg). The greatest waste of energy (about 80%) occurs in the system of arterioles and capillaries, and arterioles account for 3/4 of this value due to their greater resistance to blood flow (large length of vessels with a relatively narrow overall cross-section). Therefore, in the precapillary region the pressure drops to 25-30 mm. rt. Art. Capillaries are much shorter than arterioles (0.3-0.5 mm), and their total cross-sectional area is very large (600-800 times larger than the cross-section of the aorta). At the venous end of the capillaries the pressure therefore drops to 8-12 mm. rt. Art.

The pressure continues to fall along the venous bed, approaching atmospheric pressure in the veins located near the chest cavity, and when inhaling, becoming even lower than atmospheric pressure.

The linear speed of blood flow is also different in different parts of the vascular bed. It changes in inverse proportion to the cross section of these areas, since the volumetric velocity of blood flow is the same everywhere. Therefore, in the direction from large arteries to capillaries, it falls (from 40 cm/sec in large arteries to 0.5 mm/sec in capillaries), and then in the veins increases again (in medium-sized veins up to 10 cm/sec, in the vena cava up to 20 cm/sec).

The presented digital material characterizes the hemodynamic parameters characteristic of most healthy middle-aged people in a calm state. These indicators vary greatly under different living conditions. Thus, during physical activity, the cardiac output reaches 35 liters per minute instead of 4 liters per minute at rest. Blood pressure under these conditions, as well as during emotional stress, can reach a level of 180 mm. rt. Art.

Purpose of the study: to assess the functional state of students at rest.

Eq uipment: apparatus for measuring blood pressure, phonendoscope, watch with a second hand.

Method of executing the work

Determination of heart rate.

The pulse is most often determined at the radial artery, temporal artery or carotid artery at 10 second intervals.

When determining the pulse on the radial artery, the arm of the subject should be in a comfortable half-bent position, eliminating muscle tension. With your hand, cover the area of the subject's wrist joint so that the thumb is located on the back of the forearm. Using the remaining fingers on the front surface of the joint, press the artery against the radius.

Having determined the pulsation of the artery, we begin to study the characteristics of the pulse: its frequency, rhythm, which depend on the work of the heart, tone and condition of the vessel wall.

Evaluation of results:

To determine the heart rate per minute, it is necessary to multiply the obtained pulse values by 6. Normocardia corresponds to a heart rate from 60 to 80 beats per minute. If the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute - bradycardia, above 80 beats - tachycardia.

P the pulse is considered rhythmic, when the number of beats in 10 seconds differs from the previous measurement by no more than one beat (for example: 12, 12, 11). Pulse is counted arrhythmic- when the number of beats in 10 seconds differs from the previous measurement by 2 or more beats (for example: 10, 12, 10).

HR stands for heart rate. Heart rate- this is a certain number of contractions that the heart makes per minute.

The average heart rate when a person is at rest fluctuates from 60-80 beats in one minute– this indicator is the norm. Often this figure can exceed the threshold of 100 beats per minute, but usually this value occurs in middle-aged people who lead a sedentary and sedentary lifestyle.

Athletes who train every day have a minimum contraction frequency from 28-40 beats per minute. In an untrained person, the heart rate increases faster.

How does heart rate differ from pulse?

Heart rate shows how many contractions the lower parts of the heart made in one minute.

Pulse- this is the number of dilations of the artery at the moment when the heart pushes out blood. It is also customary to calculate it per minute. Blood passing through the vessels during contraction creates a certain bulge in the arteries. Which are perfectly visible to the naked eye or to the touch. Quite often, in healthy people, the pulse rate coincides with the heart rate.

In such cases, the HR and PR values will not match. This happens in the presence of some disease, for example, arrhythmia. In medicine there is a term that defines this phenomenon - pulse deficiency. In such a case, it is necessary to listen to the heartbeat with the help of a phonendoscope.

Norm and table

For adults, the heart rate is considered normal from 60 beats to 80 per minute.

At rest, your heart rate will differ from the following indicators:

person's age;
the size of his body;
fitness.

Table:

Age	Heart rate per minute	Age	Heart rate per minute	Age	Heart rate per minute
Newborns	135-140	5 years	93-100	11 years	78-84
6 months	130-135	6 years	90-95	12 years	75-82
1 year	120-125	7 years	85-90	13 years	72-80
2 years	110-115	8 years	80-85	14 years	72-78
3 years	105-110	9 years	80-85	15 years	70-76
4 years	100-105	10 years	78-85	16 years	68-72

If a person is training, his heart rate will be within 50 beats, which is below normal. If a person leads a sedentary and inactive lifestyle, then his heart rate at rest reaches 100 beats.

If we compare this indicator for men and women, then the fair sex has a heart rate 6 beats higher, and it increases at the time of menstruation. A value that is considered normal is 80 beats per minute in a completely healthy elderly person. If this number increases to 160, this is a harbinger of the presence of a serious disease.

When does heart rate change?

Heart rate increases even with the slightest physical exertion. If, upon cessation of physical activity, the heart rate is restored to its previous value, then this is a normal process. Sometimes changes in heart rate are very dangerous for the human body. This occurs during illness, heavy physical activity, stressful situations, and so on.

List of diseases that lead to changes in heart rate:

heart diseases;
thyroid diseases;
in case of disturbance of potassium-magnesium metabolism in the body;
effects of toxins on the body;
injuries.

When a stressful situation arises, the heart immediately begins to beat faster. If the heart is subjected to such stress very often, then this leads to serious diseases.

Heart rate also changes in professional athletes. Sports in moderation are good for the body. The same cannot be said about professional sports. Most often, heart disease affects people who have previously endured heavy physical exertion.

Causes of tachycardia and bradycardia

Cardiac tachycardia- this is a special condition in which the contraction frequency exceeds 90 beats per minute. With this disease, a focus of excitability of the heart muscle occurs, in which nerve impulses are produced at high speed. This leads to an increase in ventricular contraction. The nature of the condition directly depends on the size of the lesion.

The causes of tachycardia are as follows:

Physiological causes may include emotional stress, physical activity, and congenital predisposition.

Bradycardia is a type of arrhythmia in which the heart rate is less than 60 beats per minute. For athletes, this indicator is the norm, but for an ordinary person it is a harbinger of some kind of violation.

Symptoms:

weakness;
loss of consciousness;
the person breaks out in a cold sweat;
dizziness;
pain in the heart area.

Causes of bradycardia:

neurocircular dystonia;
neuroses;
increased intracranial pressure;
peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.
myocardial infarction;
Myocardid;
Cardiosclerosis.

When myocardial pathways are damaged, part of the impulses cannot reach the ventricles, and bradycardia develops. The cause of bradycardia can be taking medications, also with intoxication of the body. Age-related changes in the body lead to bradycardia. Very often the causes of bradycardia cannot be determined.

How to correctly determine heart rate in men?

To measure heart rate for a man should be at rest, and also be in a warm room. An hour before the procedure, it is necessary to exclude physical and emotional stress, and do not smoke. It is prohibited to use medications and alcohol. To measure, the patient lies down or sits down. After taking the required body position, five minutes should pass.

The assistant should put his palm on the surface of the chest just below the left nipple. You need to feel the heartbeat. After this, you need to turn on the stopwatch and start counting your heart beats for a minute. If an incorrect rhythm is observed, the time must be increased to 3 minutes.

Heart rate can be measured in those places where the arteries are visible on the surface and the pulse is felt, namely:

on the neck;
at the temple;
on the thigh;
on the shoulder.

To obtain more accurate results, the procedure must be performed on both sides of the body and compared.

Maximum heart rate in men

The maximum heart rate in men is the greatest number of beats the heart makes in a minute. Very often this value is used by athletes to know what maximum load can be used.

The maximum heart rate for men can be determined by the following formula:

Maximum heart rate for men = 220 - age.

This value will not be ultra-precise, but approximate.

Age features

The table provides information on how age affects heart rate. These data are taken from a healthy person at rest. Under the influence of certain factors, the heart rate may increase and decrease.

Table:

Age	Pulse min-max	Average value	Normal blood pressure (systol./diastol.)
			Women	Men
0-1 month	110-170	140	60-80/40-50
From 1 month up to a year	102-162	132	100/50-60
1-2 years	94-155	124	100-110/60-70
4-6	86-126	106
6-8	78-118	98	110-120/60-80
8-10	68-108	88
10-12	60-100	80	110-120/70-80
12-15	55-95	75
Adults under 50 years old	60-80	70	116-137/70-85	123-135/76-83
50-60	65-85	75	140/80	142/85
60-80	70-90	80	144-159/85	142/80-85

The influence of physical activity and products

As the load increases, breathing changes and heart rate also increases. When a person performs work that does not lead to fatigue, the heart rate is in a steady state without changes.

When performing heavy physical activity, your heart rate constantly increases. The more physical activity, the higher the heart rate rises. By examining this relationship in detail, the maximum possible load limits can be determined.

To do this, the heart rate is calculated at certain intervals and displayed on a graph. After constructing the line, a complete picture of the interaction between heart rate and physical activity is visible.

Foods that cause an increase in heart rate include strong tea and coffee, energy drinks, and caffeinated drinks. They are prohibited when the heart rate is increased, as they lead to a greater increase in the already high heart rate.

Conclusion

Too high a heart rate leads to tachycardia, and a decreased one leads to bradycardia. By controlling the heart rate, it is possible to detect and prevent the development of many diseases in time. For some changes, consultation with a doctor is necessary. Be healthy.

kakbog.com

Pulse is one of the most important criteria of human health; it shows the rhythm and frequency of the heart, and it can be used to judge the elasticity of blood vessels and the condition of the myocardium.

During physical activity and strong emotions, the heart begins to beat faster and the pulse quickens. In a healthy person, this condition does not last long; within 5–6 minutes the heart rhythm is restored. Not only the frequency of contractions matters, but also their rhythm. Irrhythmic fluctuations indicate emotional overload, hormonal disorders, and coffee abuse.

What determines normal heart rate:

A decrease in heart rate occurs during night rest, in a horizontal position - and this condition is not classified as bradycardia.
The heart rate depends on the time of day, the lowest values are at night, the pulse begins to increase in the morning, reaching its maximum value by lunchtime.

The heart begins to contract more intensely under the influence of tea, coffee, and alcoholic beverages. Some medications can provoke tachycardia.
Tachycardia always occurs during hard work or sports training.
Rapid heartbeat occurs with strong positive and negative emotions.
If a person has a high temperature, it is hot outside, then the heart rate increases.

Women's heart rates are slightly higher than men's. During menopause, there is often tachycardia, which is caused by hormonal fluctuations. The pulse of an untrained person differs from that of athletes; with regular physical exertion, the heart rate becomes lower.

What is the normal heart rate of a person?

Heart rate depends on gender and age, physical fitness, emotional stability.

Table of average heart rate values depending on age

In newborn babies, the normal pulse is on average 140 beats. As they grow older, the indicators decrease, in adolescence, the average heart rate is 75 beats.

In women, the indicators are on average 7–8 units higher. With early menopause, women at the age of 35–40 often begin tachycardia, which does not always indicate the presence of cardiac pathologies - this is how the body reacts to a decrease in estrogen in the blood.

Normal pressure and pulse in an adult is a relative concept; various external and internal factors influence the indicators.

Factors that affect the number of heartbeats in healthy people:

Women are more emotional, so they experience tachycardia attacks more often than men.
During pregnancy, the heart pumps 1.5 liters more blood. What is the normal heart rate for pregnant women? It is allowed to increase the indicators up to 110 beats/min. When playing sports – up to 140 units. Heart rate increases during early toxicosis.
A stable reduction of 10% is allowed for athletes and people who prefer active recreation.
If the sport involves special endurance, then the number of heart contractions can decrease to 45 beats/min.
Tall people have slightly lower heart rates than short men and women.

With a slight increase in heart rate, they can be normalized with drops of hawthorn, peony, motherwort, corvalol.

The heart rate is determined by the pulsating beats in the arteries. They are best felt on the inside of the wrist, because here the skin is thin, the vessels are close. If there is a deviation from the norm, measurements must be taken on both hands. You can feel the pulse in the carotid artery, at the temple, brachial subclavian artery.

To check the heart rate, you need to put 2 fingers on the artery, press a little. In a lying position, the indicators will be slightly underestimated. To track dynamics, measurements should be taken at the same time.

Examination, measuring temperature and pulse, taking anamnesis are mandatory stages of initial diagnosis. Any deviations from the norm do not provide accurate information about the diagnosis; they only help the doctor determine the possible causes of poor health.

Pathological tachycardia is often accompanied by dizziness and fainting, which may indicate a violation of the blood supply to the brain. When coronary circulation is impaired, chest pain occurs. With a rapid pulse, shortness of breath, blurred vision, increased sweating, weakness and tremors of the limbs often occur.

Possible causes of tachycardia:

congenital and acquired heart and vascular defects;
intoxication;
chronic respiratory diseases;
oxygen starvation;
hormonal imbalance.

Heart rate often increases in the presence of malignant tumors, pathological changes in the central nervous system, inflammatory processes, fever, and severe pain. In women, the heart may contract more frequently due to heavy menstruation.

Pulse and blood pressure are not always interrelated, there are some exceptions. With normal blood pressure, an increase in the number of heartbeats can be a sign of VSD; this often happens with severe intoxication or high temperature. Hypertension in combination with a rapid pulse occurs with emotional and physical fatigue, endocrine pathologies, problems with the heart and blood vessels.

Hypotension and high heart rate are the most dangerous combination that occurs in serious pathologies. Such indicators occur with large blood loss and cardiogenic shock. The lower the blood pressure and the higher the pulse, the more severe the person’s condition. In this case, you should immediately call an ambulance.

What does bradycardia indicate?

To assess your health, you need to know not only how many beats make up a normal pulse, but also what its sharp decrease may indicate. If a person does not exercise regularly, then his heart rate should not be very low.

Reasons for decreased heart rate:

hypoxia;
chemical poisoning;
meningitis, the presence of a tumor or edema of the brain, traumatic brain injury;
drug overdose;
blood poisoning, liver damage, typhoid fever.

Pathological bradycardia occurs with a heart attack, myocardial inflammation, or intoxication. High intracranial pressure, ulcers, endocrine disorders, and VSD can provoke a decrease in heart rate. The pulse decreases noticeably after taking digitalis-based medications.

A low number of heartbeats with high blood pressure often occurs in hypertensive patients who take beta blockers.

Self-regular measurement of your pulse will help you recognize problems in the body in time and prevent the development of serious diseases. After 45 years, it is imperative to measure your heart rate - at this age, blood vessels begin to lose their elasticity, which affects the functioning of the heart.

hypertonia03.ru

Why does heart rate change with age?

In a calm state, the ventricle should push a large volume of blood into the aorta in one minute. In newborns, the heart is small, weighs only 20-24 g and is capable of pushing no more than 2.5 ml of blood. In an adult, the heart weighs 200-300 g and is capable of pushing 70 ml of blood in one contraction. Therefore, in children, it should beat more often.

As the heart mass increases, the pulse becomes slower. In addition, in children under 7 years of age, the nerve center that regulates the functioning of the heart is just developing, and this contributes to increased heartbeat.

While the child grows and develops, the heart rate also changes. Fine:

If in childhood an increased heart rate is associated with the growth and development of the child, then in old age this occurs due to an irreversible physiological process - aging. Therefore, after 60 years, a heart rate of 90–95 beats per minute is considered normal. Indeed, due to aging, irreversible changes occur in the body in the heart muscle and vascular bed:

The ability of the myocardium to contract decreases due to the fact that the cells are stretched.
The heart can no longer pump the required minimum volume of blood into the aorta.
The number of functioning capillaries decreases. They stretch, become tortuous, and the length of the vascular bed increases significantly.
The vessels become less elastic, and fewer essential substances are transferred through them to the cells.
The sensitivity of receptors to adrenaline increases, and a small amount of it increases heart rate and blood pressure.

The lack of blood circulation caused by all these changes is compensated by an increase in heart rate, and this leads to accelerated wear and tear of the heart. In old age, the ventricles are stretched, sometimes muscle cells are replaced by fat cells, which leads to heart disease. A rapid heartbeat only worsens your health condition.

It is important to know! All diseases of the cardiovascular system have become much younger. If 20 years ago a myocardial infarction at the age of 50 was considered something unusual, now 30-year-old cardiac patients with such a diagnosis no longer surprise anyone. To avoid heart disease, you need to monitor your pulse; if there is the slightest deviation from the norm, you should consult a doctor.

What heart rate is considered normal?

In an adult, the heart rate at rest is 60–80 beats per minute. During physical activity in an untrained person, it increases to 100. This happens because in order to provide the body with the necessary substances, the minute volume of circulating blood must increase. In a trained person, the heart is able to push the required amount of blood into the aorta in one contraction, so the heart rate does not increase.

Also, the heartbeat increases due to nervous tension. When a person is worried or worried, the sympathetic nervous system is excited, his breathing quickens, and his heart rate increases.

In addition to loads and stress, many factors influence the functioning of the heart:

In women, heart rate may increase due to hormonal changes associated with the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
In men after 40, if testosterone production is impaired, irreversible changes occur in the heart muscle.
Excess weight leads to the fact that not only the biceps, but also the triceps become flaccid. The smooth muscles of the heart are also replaced by fat cells.
In adolescents, respiratory arrhythmia is considered normal when the pulse quickens when inhaling and slows down when exhaling.
Heart rate increases in various diseases. The pulse quickens with elevated body temperature. Pathologies of the nervous and endocrine systems have a particularly negative effect on the functioning of the heart.
In stuffy rooms, at altitudes, where there is little oxygen, its lack is compensated by an increase in heart rate.
Excessive consumption of caffeine-containing drinks, taking drugs that stimulate heart activity.
Toxins and heavy metal salts negatively affect the functioning of the heart.

Although during exercise a pulse of up to 100 beats per minute is considered normal, such a heart rate has an adverse effect on the heart and leads to the development of:

ventricular hypertrophy;
arrhythmias;
cardiomyopathy;
myocardial infarction;
heart failure.

A heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute also has a negative impact on health. Indeed, in this case, the heart does not distill the required volume of blood, and all organs begin to suffer from a lack of nutrients and oxygen. And this leads to a variety of diseases, ranging from dysfunction of the endocrine glands to encephalopathy.

To live long and not get sick, you should take care of yourself and pay attention if your pulse deviates from the norm. And in order for the heart to beat at the required frequency, you need to follow certain rules.

So that the pulse is normal

So that the heart does not wear out before its due date, so that it works rhythmically and correctly, for at least 100 years, nothing special is needed. It is enough to follow simple rules:

To walk outside. This is physical activity, and the body receives the necessary amount of oxygen.
Watch your weight. Not only poor nutrition leads to obesity, but body weight increases with diseases of the endocrine system. The weight of an adult, healthy person can vary within several hundred grams. Weight loss also indicates various pathologies.
Do exercises. Physical activity trains not only the biceps, but also the heart muscle.
Do not smoke, do not abuse alcohol.
You can drink coffee, but only in the first half of the day and in small quantities. Special, small coffee cups are not just designed to collect dust in the sideboard.

Well, the most important rule:

Keep your finger on the pulse; if your heart rate deviates from the norm, consult a doctor.

odavlenii.ru

Normal heart rate in an adult

In medicine, there are specific values for this indicator; the heart rate norm for adults is formed depending on the person’s age and state of health. The pulse is a vibration of the walls of blood vessels that occurs due to contraction of the heart muscle. Its meaning will be different for different states. This allows doctors, knowing what pulse is considered normal, to assess the work of the heart.

The intervals between contractions (pulsations) in a healthy person are always the same; uneven beats are a symptom of some kind of disturbance in the functioning of the human body. The average for an adult is 60-90 beats per minute, but there are situations in which a short-term change is observed. The main factors include:

stress;

age;

increased body temperature;

hormonal release.

Pulse is normal for women

Due to the physiological characteristics of the female body, their heart rate is different from that of men. As a rule, the score for girls is 7-10 strokes higher than for boys, but this is not a deviation. The normal pulse rate in women, provided that she is completely healthy and is in a state of relative rest, is:

Pulse is the norm according to age in men

The normal score for guys is lower than for women by an average of 7-9 beats. A distinction should be made between the acceptable values of adult men and children of boys. Pulse measurement should be carried out taking into account what the person was doing before, how long ago he ate, and the time of day. Each of these factors can cause higher or lower rates. Below is a table showing what pulse is considered normal in men, provided that he is completely healthy:

			Normal blood pressure (systol/diastole)

Normal heart rate in a child

The child’s body grows very quickly, so indicators of its condition are measured more often. A child’s normal heart rate changes with increasing height and weight. For example, normal indicators decrease after 1 month of a child’s life. For teenagers (starting from 12 years old), the values are already the same as for an adult. The following normal values are recognized in a calm state:

			Normal blood pressure (systol/diastole)

From 1 month up to a year

Pulse when walking is normal

This value is affected by normal, sports or therapeutic walking. Such walks are prescribed by many doctors as a prevention and treatment of vascular diseases. Heart rate characteristics will vary depending on the intensity of the exercise and age. This is the most gentle sport that does not have an additional effect on the joint or cardiovascular system.

A normal walking heart rate for an adult should be about 100 beats per minute. For an untrained beginner, the value can reach up to 120, which indicates that the patient should not do long walks for the time being. By year, the norm for walking is:

25 years – 140;
45 years old – 135;
70 years – 110.

Normal heart rate at rest

This indicator helps to further track any changes that will occur to the person. A normal resting heart rate is the reference value for heart function. The heart rate may vary depending on the time of day (it is higher in the evening) and body position. To create a schedule, you need to take a sitting measurement every day at 10 am. The heart rate of an adult at rest is:

for men – 60-80;
for women – 68-90;
in older people – 65;
in adolescents – 80;
children 1-2 years old – 100;
for the newborn – 140.

Normal heart rate when running

This is one of the most intense options for stress on the cardiovascular system. A normal heart rate when running corresponds to the set goal. For example, to lose weight, a person must be in the upper sector of the maximum permissible heart rate while jogging. If the goal is only to strengthen blood vessels, then the indicator should be at 60% of the maximum. For a healthy person, the maximum value is calculated using a simple formula: 200 minus your age.

For example, for a 25-year-old guy, the maximum permissible heart rate without damage to the body will be 185 beats. For intense fat burning, the norm will be 165-170 beats. If we are only talking about increasing endurance, then the heart rate should be 140-150 beats per minute. At normal pressure, these indicators will be acceptable and will not cause the development of bradycardia or tachycardia.

Normal heart rate during pregnancy

During this period, all girls experience an increase in pulse waves, which is the norm. Carrying a fetus creates additional stress on the heart, which leads to more active blood pumping. This fact could not but affect the normal pulse during pregnancy. The number of pulse waves increases by 10-15, the value will remain at the level of 110 heartbeats per minute. If a girl plays sports, her heart rate can rise up to 140.

An increase in average heart rate will be observed in the second trimester. Maximum values are recorded between 27 and 32 weeks, decreasing 4 weeks before birth. The average value during this period will be 70-80, but in the second half of pregnancy the value may rise to 85-90. In some cases, due to the additional load, the heart rate increases in the supine position to 120.

Pulse under load - normal

A person should initially record the value at rest. It should be measured by feeling for a vein in the arm or an artery in the neck. This will help you calculate your normal heart rate during exercise. The intensity of activity can be different, for example, when walking, the heart rate does not rise above 100, but running raises the heart rate much higher.

The normal indicator for a person must be calculated individually, but there are average indicators that can be taken as a starting point for comparison, for example:

at a heart rate of 100-130, the load for you is relatively small;
140-150 – average training intensity;
170-190 are maximum permissible values that cannot be maintained for a long time.

Pulse after eating is normal

Eating affects blood circulation, the heart increases the flow to the stomach, so the heart rate increases slightly. On average, fluctuations from rest are 5-10 beats. Some people experience signs of bradycardia or tachycardia after eating, which indicates poor circulation or heart disease. Pulse after eating - the norm will be violated if:

diabetes mellitus;
obesity;
myocardial pathology;
pathological processes of the stomach;
abnormalities in the functioning of the thyroid gland.

Normal heart rate during sleep

Heartbeat values differ between day and night. The normal heart rate during sleep is almost one and a half times lower than the daytime level. There is a sleep phase when heart rate reaches its lowest point - 4 am. For this reason, the highest risk of heart attack occurs in the early morning. This happens due to the activity of the vagus nerve, which inhibits the functioning of the heart muscle at night. Decreased pulse waves are also observed in the first hours after awakening.

Keep in mind that for a complete check you need to measure the indicators on both hands. The heart rate should be the same; if there are differences, this indicates the presence of circulatory disorders and obstructed blood flow to the limb. This phenomenon occurs when:

stenosis of the mouth of the peripheral artery;
aortic stenosis;
arthritis.