Wide bridge of the nose in a newborn baby. Types of birth defects and deformities of the nose - treatment of nasal abnormalities in newborns and child care

The child spends the first nine months of its development in the absolute darkness of the mother's womb. After birth, light fills the space around him, and over the next few months the baby tries to understand everything he sees.

First of all, he needs to learn to coordinate the movement of his eyes. True, this does not work for children immediately after birth. Most newborns cope within six weeks. Even if one eye continues to disobey, parents may not worry about this for up to three months.

Sometimes parents sound the alarm, suspecting their child has strabismus. This is especially noticeable when, when looking straight ahead, the baby’s eyes converge towards the bridge of his nose. The parents may be right, but perhaps it is because the child is too wide bridge of the nose. Folds of skin coming from upper eyelid to the bridge of the nose are called epicanthus, and if they are too wide, it can look a lot like squint. However, if these folds are turned inward towards the nose, the illusion of squint disappears and it becomes clear that the eyes move synchronously in the same direction.

With true strabismus, one eye moves independently and attracts attention when the child looks sharply to the side. Strabismus is usually inherited. Therefore, if one of the relatives has strabismus, the child should be under special supervision. Strabismus is usually caused by weakness in one of the six eye muscles that move the eyeball. Although myopia or farsightedness can also provoke this deviation. You can determine strabismus by observing the reflection in the eyes of a bright, distant object, such as a window. With strabismus, this object will be reflected in only one eye.

In addition to the fact that strabismus does not decorate the face, it affects the child’s vision. The work of the brain is concentrated mainly on the healthy eye, and the oblique eye seems to remain unattended. If this eye is left untreated, the child may develop amblyopia, or blindness in one eye. Therefore, it is extremely important, upon discovering strabismus, to immediately begin its examination and treatment.

The type of strabismus described above is the most common. And it appears and then disappears. Sometimes both eyes move and look synchronously and in parallel, but sometimes one eye begins to deviate. Much less common is fixed strabismus, when the squinting eye constantly moves independently, separately from the healthy eye. In this condition, the most serious measures are necessary, since fixed strabismus often indicates a disease of the ocular media or central nervous system.

What can you do?

First of all, if you notice strabismus in a child, pay attention to the width of the bridge of the nose. This may not be true strabismus. In any case, before your child starts school, have his eyes checked by a doctor every year. If the doctor confirms strabismus, the child should be referred to a specialist.

What can a doctor do?

The most common cause of strabismus is weakness of one of the muscles that moves the eyeball. You can force weak eye work covered with a bandage healthy eye. Like all other muscles, the weak eye is strengthened by this training, and within a few weeks or months the weak eye begins to move normally.

In the most severe cases, surgery can be done to change the length. weak muscle so that the slanted eye does not lag behind the healthy one and works normally. Strabismus surgery is usually performed at age six or seven to prevent possible blindness in the affected eye. In cases of nearsightedness or farsightedness, glasses help to correct this lack of vision, which sometimes leads to strabismus.

If you don't know this yet, remember the following:

Up to three months, all babies experience strabismus.
Treatment of true strabismus is carried out only by an ophthalmologist.
Surgery to correct strabismus should be performed before the age of six or seven to prevent blindness in the affected eye.

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Not all parents know that strabismus in infants is often physiological norm. In order to understand when you should immediately go to the doctor with such a problem, and when you should not worry, you need to understand why this happens.

What is the norm?

In an adult, the axes of the eyes normally coincide completely. Deviation from this is called strabismus, or strabismus. There is another clinical name - heterotropia. There are two main types of strabismus:

Converging. In this case, one or two eyes slant towards the bridge of the nose. In infants this is exactly the type observed (in 90% of cases).
Divergent. One or both eyes move towards the temple.

As a result of the fact that the newborn baby often experiences weakness oculomotor muscles, for this reason heterotropia develops.

Movement control is not always available to him at birth eyeballs. It is important for parents to know when this phenomenon occurs, since such a process cannot be started.

Only 9% of seven-year-old children of the total number of children with strabismus persist. Over time, the eye muscles become stronger, and there is no longer any reminder that the baby had strabismus.

The structural features of the skull bones and the wide bridge of the nose also lead to the fact that the child has some deviation. It goes away in a few months.

Causes of pathological strabismus

But there are a number of cases in which normalization does not occur. The causes of this pathology may be:

birth complications;
lack of oxygen during intrauterine development;
infection and intoxication of the fetus;
previous measles, scarlet fever or influenza;
neurological abnormalities;
hereditary predisposition;
improper placement of toys above the bed.

Psycho-emotional stress (screaming, bright light, etc.) can lead to the temporary appearance of strabismus in a newborn.

If strobism is observed for more than six months, it leads to impaired visual acuity and the development of amblyopia.

When to go to the doctor?

Despite the fact that strabismus may go away a month after birth, or three, it is normal in six month old baby this phenomenon should not be observed.

It is at this age that strabismus refers to pathological condition, and is a reason to see a doctor.

Distinguish the following types diseases:

by time of appearance - congenital or acquired;
permanent and temporary;
one-sided or alternating;
convergent, divergent and vertical.

Separately, we should highlight the paralytic type, in which the eye does not move in a certain direction as a result of damage to a muscle or nerve.

How to prevent the disease?

To prevent strobism from causing vision loss, there is prevention of strabismus in infants.

If a baby has strabismus at the age of one month, then you need to do the following:

Hang bright toys above the center of the crib at such a distance that the baby would not be able to reach them with his hand.
Toys should only be large sizes.
Do gymnastics to strengthen the eye muscles. For this purpose, you need to take a large and bright rattle and move it from side to side so that the baby follows it with his eyes.
At the age of two months, undergo a scheduled examination by a specialist and follow all his recommendations.

Treatment

On this moment There are 25 types of strabismus. For this reason, only a specialist should treat it. In each case, only an individual approach is applied.

Such a disease should not be neglected, as vision may gradually decrease sharply.

Once diagnosed, treatment is as follows:

Until all symptoms are completely eliminated, the child is given corrective glasses or soft lenses.
To improve the functioning of the affected eye, the occlusion method is used. It consists of closing the healthy eye for a while and forcing the sick one to work.
A variety of techniques are used to restore binocular vision.
If the child turns four years old, then complex treatment orthopedic and acupuncture therapy is used.

When found paralytic form Strobism requires consultation with a pediatric neurologist!

If there is no effectiveness, the doctor may recommend surgery. It is carried out under general anesthesia. After this, the child undergoes rehabilitation and strengthens eye muscles with the help of special exercises.

The presence of strabismus in a newly born baby is not a reason to panic; for the first few months of his life he cannot focus his gaze.

But in most cases, by 4-6 months this phenomenon disappears without leaving a trace. Correct prevention will help to avoid the transition of physiological strabismus to pathology.

Passing through birth canal, the whole body of the child is very strongly compressed, as a result of which the newborn’s head may have asymmetry, and the face may have swelling.

Head of a newborn baby

The head of a newborn is relatively large; immediately after birth, almost every child can notice some deformation of the head, less often - asymmetry is obvious. As a rule, any such changes are temporary and they should not frighten young parents.

The main cause of deformation, as already mentioned, is the process of the little man passing through the birth canal. The fact is that the bones of the child’s skull are forced to shift slightly relative to each other during this difficult journey. For this reason, experts have identified a certain pattern: the larger the baby’s head, the more deformation it will be subject to. As a rule, a large head is characteristic of a large fruit.

Babies who were born with the help do not have a noticeable deformation of the head.

If you carefully and carefully feel the head of a newborn baby, you can easily detect the so-called fontanelles. They are a soft area of skin between the bones of the skull; when you press lightly with your finger on such areas, you can feel some pulsation. The largest fontanel is located just above the top of the head, the second is slightly lower from the large one. As the baby grows, his fontanelles tighten; As a rule, by the age of one year they completely disappear.

Newborn baby's face

In the first hours after birth, the newborn’s face still retains traces of strong compression: the nose is flattened, the eyelids are slightly swollen, the skin is swollen, with a reddish tint. In the folds on the face (in the nose area), behind the ears there are small accumulations of a special secretion in the form of white/yellowish dots, thanks to this lubricating secretion it was easier for the child to pass through the birth canal. You shouldn’t remove such accumulations yourself; they will go away on their own over time.

We should also talk about the nose of a newborn. Immediately after birth, this olfactory organ will be slightly flattened and may appear to be very large. This condition, again, is explained by the journey that the baby had to go through. In a couple of days, the baby’s nose will become neat.

In the very first minutes after birth, all nasal cavity the newborn is filled with amniotic fluid, which doctors remove themselves using a special suction. The baby's nasal cartilage is very soft. The nasal passages are relatively narrow, have a large number of blood vessels, therefore, if the vessels dilate (i.e., the mucous membrane swells), then the baby’s breathing becomes significantly more difficult. If breathing is difficult, the baby will often pause during feeding to inhale air through the mouth. inevitable.

Experts say that a newborn is able to distinguish smells almost immediately after birth. Even they can boast of a good sense of smell. In this regard, a young mother should remember: experiments with eau de toilettes/deodorants are best left for later if she wants to breastfeed her baby for a long time.

If the baby is large, then, most likely, some deformation of the face will be visually noticeable: during the birth process, not only the bones of the skull, but also the bones on the child’s face shifted. A young mother will not find such a face attractive, but by the time she is discharged, the baby’s skin will have time to smooth out and he will appear before his dad (and other relatives) in his very beauty.

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ANSWERS ON QUESTIONS

Congenital pathology in the form of congenital malformations can occur in critical periods intrauterine development under the influence of factors external environment(physical, chemical, biological, etc.). In this case, there is no damage or change in the genome.

Risk factors for having children with developmental defects of various origins may be: the age of the pregnant woman over 36 years, previous births of children with developmental defects, spontaneous abortions, consanguineous marriage, somatic and gynecological diseases mother, complicated pregnancy (threat of miscarriage, prematurity, postmaturity, breech presentation, oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios).

Deviations in the development of an organ or organ system can be severe with pronounced functional impairment or just cosmetic defect. Congenital malformations are detected in the newborn period. Minor deviations in the structure, which in most cases do not affect normal function organ are called developmental anomalies or stigmas of disembryogenesis.

Stigmas attract attention in cases where there are more than 7 of them in one child, in which case a dysplastic constitution can be stated. There are difficulties in clinical assessment dysplastic constitution, since one or more stigmas may be:

variant of the norm;
a symptom of a disease;
independent syndrome.

List of main dysplastic stigmas.

Neck and torso: short neck, lack of it, wing-shaped folds; short body, short collarbones, funnel-shaped rib cage, “chicken” chest, short sternum, multiple nipples or widely spaced, asymmetrically located.

Skin and hair: hypertrichosis ( overgrowth hair), coffee-colored spots, birthmarks, discolored skin, low or high hair growth, focal depigmentation.

Head and face: microcephalic skull (small skull size), tower skull, sloping skull, flat back of the head, low forehead, narrow forehead, flat facial profile, depressed bridge of the nose, transverse fold on the forehead, low eyelids, pronounced brow ridges, wide bridge of nose, curved nasal septum or nasal wall, cleft chin, small size of the upper or lower jaw.

Eyes: microphthalmos, macrophthalmos, oblique eye section, epicanthus (vertical skin fold at the inner canthus).

Mouth, tongue and teeth: grooved lips, sockets in teeth, malocclusions, sawtooth teeth, inward growing teeth, narrow or short palate or gothic, arched, sparse or stained teeth; forked tip of the tongue, shortened frenulum, folded tongue, large or small tongue.

Ears: high, low or asymmetrical, small or big ears, accessory, flat, fleshy ears, “animal” ears, attached lobes, absence of lobes, additional tragus.

Spine: extra ribs, scoliosis, vertebral fusion.

Hand: arachnodactyly (thin and long fingers), clinodactyly (curvature of fingers), short wide hands, curved terminal phalanges of the fingers, brachydactyly (shortening of fingers), transverse palmar groove, flat feet.

Abdomen and genitals: asymmetrical abdomen, incorrect location of the navel, underdevelopment of the labia and scrotum.

With many developmental defects, it is difficult to determine the role of heredity and environment in their occurrence, that is, it is an inherited trait or is associated with the impact of adverse factors on the fetus during pregnancy.

According to WHO, 10% of newborns are diagnosed with chromosomal abnormalities, that is, associated with a mutation of a chromosome or gene, and in 5% hereditary pathology, that is, inherited.

Defects that can arise either as a result of mutation, or be inherited, or occur due to the adverse effect of a damaging factor on the fetus, include: congenital dislocation of the hip, clubfoot, cauda equina, nonunion hard palate And upper lip, anencephaly (complete or almost complete absence brain), birth defects heart disease, pyloric stenosis, spina bifida (spina bifida), etc.

The birth of a baby with congenital malformations is a difficult event for the family. Shock, guilt, lack of understanding of what to do next are the minimal negative experiences of the parents of such a child. The main task of mom and dad is to obtain maximum information about the child’s illness and provide him with best care and treatment.

What should an expectant mother know about congenital malformations in order to try to avoid an undesirable outcome?

Fetal malformations may be:

genetic (chromosomal), due to heredity. We cannot influence (prevent) their development;
formed in the fetus during intrauterine development (congenital), largely dependent on us and our behavior, since we can limit or eliminate damaging external factors.

Chromosomal genetic malformations of the fetus

Genetic information is contained in the nucleus of every human cell in the form of 23 pairs of chromosomes. If an extra extra chromosome is formed in such a pair of chromosomes, this is called trisomy.

The most common chromosomal genetic defects with whom doctors meet:

Down syndrome;
Patau syndrome;
Turner syndrome;
Edwards syndrome.

Other chromosomal defects are also less common. In all cases chromosomal disorders mental and physical impairment of the child’s health can be observed.

Prevent the occurrence of one or another genetic disorder is impossible, but it is possible to detect chromosomal defects through prenatal diagnosis even before the birth of the child. To do this, a woman consults with a geneticist, who can calculate all the risks and prescribe prenatal tests to prevent undesirable consequences.

A pregnant woman is advised to consult a geneticist if:

she or her partner has already had a baby with some hereditary diseases;
one of the parents has some congenital pathology, which can be inherited;
future parents are closely related;
identified high risk chromosomal pathology of the fetus as a result of prenatal screening (result hormonal analysis blood + ultrasound);
the age of the expectant mother is more than 35 years;
the presence of CFTR gene mutations in future parents;
the woman had missed abortions, spontaneous miscarriages or stillborn children unknown origin in the anamnesis (history).

If necessary, the geneticist offers to the expectant mother pass the additional examinations. Methods for examining a baby before birth, including non-invasive and invasive.

Non-invasive technologies cannot injure the baby, since they do not involve intrusion into the womb. These methods are considered safe and are offered to all pregnant women by an obstetrician-gynecologist. Non-invasive technologies include ultrasound and sampling venous blood future mother.

Invasive methods (chorionic villus biopsy, amniocentesis and cordocentesis) are the most accurate, but these methods may be unsafe for the unborn child, as they involve invading the uterine cavity to collect special material for research. Invasive methods are offered to the expectant mother only in special cases and only a geneticist.

Most women prefer to visit a geneticist and undergo genetic research in case of any serious issues. But every woman is free in her choice. It all depends on your specific situation, such decisions are always very individual, and no one but you knows the correct answer.

Before you undergo such studies, consult with your family, obstetrician-gynecologist, and psychologist.

Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome (TS). Occurs in girls 2:10000. Short neck, pterygoid folds on the neck, edema of the distal extremities, congenital heart defects. Subsequently, sexual infantilism, short stature, and primary amenorrhea appear.

Down syndrome (trisomy 21 chromosomes). Occurs in boys 1:1000. Wide flat bridge of the nose, flat back of head, low hair growth, protruding big tongue, transverse fold in the palm, heart defects.

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY syndrome): patients are tall with disproportionately long limbs, hypogonadism, secondary sexual characteristics are poorly developed, hair growth may be observed female type. Reduced sexual desire, impotence, infertility. There is a tendency towards alcoholism, homosexuality and antisocial behavior.

Hereditary metabolic disorders

To the features hereditary disorders metabolic diseases include a gradual onset of the disease, the presence of a latent period, worsening signs of the disease over time, and are detected more often during the growth and development of the child, although some may appear from the first days of life.

In the development of some forms of hereditary metabolic diseases, there is a clear connection with the nature of feeding. Chronic eating disorder that begins in the neonatal period, as well as during the transition to artificial feeding or the introduction of complementary foods, may mask a deficiency of certain enzyme systems in the small intestine.

Most often, carbohydrate metabolism is disrupted in newborns. Most often this is a deficiency of lactose, sucrose, etc. This group includes: galactose intolerance, glycogen accumulation, glucose intolerance, etc. General symptoms: dyspepsia, convulsions, jaundice, liver enlargement, changes in the heart, muscle hypotension.

Treatment is effective if started no later than two months of age. Milk is excluded from the diet and switched to mixtures prepared in soy milk. Previously, complementary foods were introduced: porridge with meat or vegetable broth, vegetables, vegetable oils, eggs. Strict adherence to the diet is recommended up to 3 years of age.

Amino acid metabolism disorders. Of this group of diseases, phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common. Manifested by changes in the central nervous system, dyspeptic symptoms, convulsive syndrome. PKU is characterized by a combination of progressive psychomotor retardation with persistent eczematous skin lesions, a “mouse” odor of urine, and decreased pigmentation of the skin, hair, and iris.

Currently, a biochemical defect has been identified for 150 hereditary metabolic disorders. Successful therapy disease is possible in the absence of it early diagnosis. During the neonatal period, mass examinations of children are carried out to identify certain diseases, including PKU.

Opportunities have expanded significantly early detection hereditary diseases with the introduction of prenatal diagnostic methods into practice. Most fetal diseases are diagnosed by examining amniotic fluid and the cells it contains. Everyone is diagnosed chromosomal diseases, 80 gene diseases. In addition to amniocentesis, they use ultrasonography, determination of β-fetoprotein in the blood of pregnant women and in amniotic fluid, the level of which increases with damage to the central nervous system in the fetus.

Non-hereditary fetal malformations

From the moment of fertilization, that is, the fusion of male and female gametes, the formation of a new organism begins.

Embryogenesis lasts from the 3rd week to the 3rd month. Developmental defects that appear during embryogenesis are called embryopathies. There are critical periods during the formation of the embryo, harmful effects damage those organs and systems that are formed at the time of exposure to the damaging factor. When exposed unfavorable factor in the 1st-2nd week very serious defects appear, often incompatible with life, which leads to miscarriages. At the 3-4th week, the head and cardiovascular system are formed, the rudiments of the liver, lungs, thyroid gland, kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, the formation of future limbs is planned, so defects such as the absence of eyes occur, hearing aid, liver, kidneys, lung, pancreas, limbs, cerebral hernia, possible formation of additional organs. At the end of the first month, the genital organs are laid down, lymphatic system, spleen, formation of the umbilical cord.

In the second month, abnormalities such as cleft lip and palate, hearing aid abnormalities, cervical fistulas and cysts, chest and chest defects may occur. abdominal wall, defects of the diaphragm, heart septum, anomalies of the nervous system, vascular and muscular systems.

Embryopathies include:

congenital diaphragmatic hernia,
limb defects (complete absence of all or one limb, rudimentary development of the distal parts of the limbs with normal development proximal parts, absence of proximal parts of the limbs with normal development of the distal parts, when the hands or feet start directly from the body),
atresia of the esophagus, intestines, anus,
umbilical cord hernia,
biliary atresia,
pulmonary agenesis (absence of one lung),
congenital heart defects,
malformations of the kidneys and urinary tract,
malformations of the central nervous system (anencephaly - absence of the brain, microcephaly - underdevelopment of the brain).

Fetopathies. The fetal period lasts from the 4th week prenatal period before the baby is born. It, in turn, is divided into early - from the 4th month. up to 7 months, and late - 8 and 9 months. pregnancy.

When the fetus is exposed to a damaging factor in the early neonatal period, the differentiation of an already established organ occurs. Fetopathies (early) include: hydrocephalus, microcephaly, microphthalmia and other malformations of the central nervous system, pulmonary cystosis, hydronephrosis, hernias of the head and spinal cord- protrusion medulla through sutures and bone defects. Cranial hernias are most often localized at the root of the nose or in the postcranial region.

Congenital intrauterine malformations of the fetus can be of a varied nature, as they can affect almost any organ, any system of the developing baby.

The following dangerous external factors are known:

Alcohol and drugs often lead to serious disorders and malformations of the fetus, sometimes incompatible with life.
Nicotine can cause delays in the growth and development of a child.
Medications are especially dangerous for early stages pregnancy. They can cause a variety of developmental defects in the baby. If possible, it is better to refrain from using medications even after the 15th-16th week of pregnancy (exception when this is necessary to preserve the health of the mother and baby).
Infectious diseases transmitted from mother to child are very dangerous for the baby, as they can cause serious violations and developmental defects.
X-rays and radiation are the cause of many fetal malformations.
Occupational hazards of the mother (harmful workshops, etc.), having toxic effects on the fetus - can seriously affect its development.

Congenital pathology of the fetus is detected by different terms pregnancy, therefore the expectant mother needs to undergo timely examinations by doctors within the recommended time frame

in the first trimester of pregnancy: 6-8 weeks (ultrasound) and 10-12 weeks (ultrasound + blood test);
in the second trimester of pregnancy: 16-20 weeks (ultrasound + blood test) and 23-25 weeks (ultrasound);
in the third trimester of pregnancy: 30-32 weeks (ultrasound + Doppler) and 35-37 weeks (ultrasound + Doppler).

Prenatal diagnostics are becoming increasingly widespread these days, because knowledge about the health of the unborn baby and prognoses are very important for future parents. Knowing about the condition of the fetus, the family, having assessed the situation and their capabilities, can refuse pregnancy.

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Discussion

No specialist at 10 months, based on an external examination, can confirm or refute the diagnosis of FAS. Both are unprofessional - the one who said that FAS exists, and the one who said that there is no FAS. With a developmental delay of 10 months. for 4 months, that is, almost 40% FAS may well be. it may not be. If it is unknown whether the mother drank, it is USELESS to make predictions.

08/18/2010 11:23:52, Natalya L

It’s good that you were firm and found a cardiologist!

Heart disease and ischemia were also in my chart, and there... one more thing... in general terms (movement disorders, developmental delay and you go - it didn’t tell me anything specific, but I’m a specific person).
LLC was, 3mm, false chord. Strabismus - yes. Joint dysplasia, which was listed in the questionnaire, is not b-y-l-o

Thank God that we didn’t come across doctors like your pediatrician.

However, to be honest, I wasn’t going to listen to the doctors at all on the topic of whether to take it or not (the children were already at home when we examined them), so I ignored a lot of things, even if the doctors had something to tell me.

I was only interested specifically in what I absolutely had to do now.

How to properly care for a newborn's belly button
...The umbilical wound gradually heals, becoming covered with a hemorrhagic (dense “bloody”) crust. If the child continues to be in the maternity hospital at this time, then the umbilical wound is treated in the same way as before the umbilical cord remnant - once a day. With wide umbilical wound, possible sparse bloody secretions Your doctor may prescribe more frequent treatment. As with any wound, the hemorrhagic crust that forms on the umbilical wound gradually disappears. If healing proceeds well, then after the thick crust falls off there is no discharge from the wound. Sometimes, when a large crust falls off (this happens with a wide umbilical wound), droplets of blood may be released, the wound is “undercovered...

Jaundice of newborns. Newborn

Types of jaundice in newborns. Causes of jaundice, treatment of jaundice
...That's why doctors in maternity hospitals carefully monitor the level of bilirubin in the blood of all newborns. When jaundice appears, newborns should be given this test 2-3 times during their stay in the maternity hospital to determine whether there is an increase in the concentration of bilirubin in the blood. The mother may ask whether such tests were taken from the child. To treat hyperbilirubinemia (increased levels of bilirubin in the blood), intravenous transfusions of a 5% glucose solution (it is a precursor of glucuronic acid, which binds bilirubin in the liver) were previously widely used. ascorbic acid and phenobarbital (these drugs increase the activity of liver enzymes), choleretic agents(they accelerate the excretion of bilirubin with bile), adsorbents (agar-agar, cholestyramine) that bind bilirubin in the intestine and prevent its reabsorption. ABOUT...

This is why the baby trains its arms and legs inside its mother’s belly in order to learn how to use them after birth. Wouldn't it be violence against nature if we began to restrict his freedom? In general, it is human nature to think that he is smarter and wiser than nature. So what if, in the process of evolution, mammals came to land to give birth to their children? We inevitably have the opinion that the continuation of the water environment is better for the newborn baby than falling into the air, and we go to give birth in the water. So what, what does a person’s dentition say about his adaptability to omnivory (a combination of herbivorous and predatory lifestyles)? For us, this is not an argument, and we come up with a theory about the contamination of the body with toxins when eating meat, about achieving special spiritual growth by refusing it - and we turn into vegetarianism...

Discussion

And I'm swaddling. More precisely, she swaddled until 2.5 months. Convenient and all that. They almost immediately stopped using diapers at night - it was unpleasant to sleep wet, so I only pooped before or during night feedings. True, everyone told me that I was swaddling incorrectly - too weakly, I always pulled my hands out. He kicked his legs inside calmly. Now the diapers are already on the bed and sometimes when the onesies are all wet. He climbs out of them once or twice. I will say a few words in defense of diapers - 1. Cheaper than diapers and onesies. 2. More comfortable than wearing rompers or a bodysuit (can you imagine how to take off a bodysuit if you pooped over your head?) 3. The butt breathes. Especially in blue diapers.
And in addition I will say: why limit yourself to only swaddling or only diapers, if it is more reasonable to use both? For example, in the morning, in order to get enough sleep and not change diapers every 5 minutes, use a diaper, and at night and while walking? And the rest of the time, diapers and rompers.

2. The presence at the same time of several signs characteristic of FAS (they have already been described below), and again there are problems in the child’s development.

In addition, there is different degrees FAS: Intelligence may or may not be affected or may be partially affected. Problems in behavior are possible, but again - different.

In general, in any case, you need to look at the child: watch how he understands and remembers/applies new information and skills; look at how disinhibited he is in his behavior (whether this is acceptable for you or not); and look especially carefully to see if you just like him (believe me, if you really like a child, problems are experienced and solved easier).

A neurologist noticed me today and referred me to a geneticist in Filatovka. An extra fold on the palm - what kind of animal? Has anyone encountered this?

Discussion

SD is usually so clearly visible different signs that it can be installed immediately after birth. The child is at least “ugly”. Even the mother herself can see all these signs when comparing the child with other newborns.
Therefore, I think you are not in danger of SD, since no one immediately suspected anything.
But what another gene. There may well be a pathology. And this fold is rare, but it also happens in children who are absolutely healthy in terms of genetics. What I sincerely wish for you!

How can one suspect the presence of Down syndrome in a newborn?

In such children, attention is drawn to the Mongoloid shape of the eyes, the skin fold in inner corners eyes, wide bridge of the nose, deformed ears, flattened back of the head. They are a little smaller than normal size oral cavity and the tongue is slightly enlarged, which is why children can stick it out. The fingers are shortened, the little fingers are curved, and there can be only one transverse fold on the palm. On the legs the distance between the first and second toes has been increased. The skin is moist, smooth, the hair is thin and dry. Muscle tone, is often reduced, which causes another characteristic feature- mouth constantly slightly open.
Often these signs are so weakly expressed that they can only be noticed by experienced doctor or midwife.
If you suspect that your baby has Down syndrome, it is necessary to conduct chromosomal tests to confirm the diagnosis.