How to identify intrauterine fetal hypoxia. The consequences of fetal hypoxia for the development of the child. Intrauterine fetal hypoxia: treatment and prevention

Greetings, dear readers! Intrauterine development child plays an important role in later life, because it largely determines his health. However, there are many factors and conditions that can harm the fetus during pregnancy. One of them is fetal hypoxia, the consequences for the child of which can be very sad. Let's talk about how to avoid hypoxia and recognize it in time.

Before we talk about hypoxia in detail, let's define what it means. In medicine, this is called oxygen starvation, when nutrients and oxygen for a number of reasons do not come to the child. This condition is quite common, occurring in 10% of pregnant women.

Hyporia is not separate disease, but develops due to various pathological processes in the body of a pregnant woman. There are 2 forms of state:

• acute hypoxia (occurs unexpectedly, most often during childbirth);
• chronic (develops over several months, complicating the course of pregnancy).

Intrauterine hypoxia only with easy course does not affect the health of the child. Statistics show that only in 4% of cases, severe hypoxia does not affect the health of the child.

The point is that there are physiological features fetal development, which prevent the occurrence of this disease. The blood of the fetus "drives" more oxygen molecules than the blood of an adult; fetal heart jumping more blood per minute than the heart of an adult; in the fetal blood a large number of special, required by fetal hemoglobin, which is easier to attach oxygen to itself and there are faster tissues and cells, since high speed blood flow to the fetus; The protective factor against the development of hypoxia also refers to the structure of cardio-vascular system fetus.

Causes of hypoxia

Causes oxygen starvation most often associated with internal diseases pregnant:

• diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
• anemia;
• diabetes;
• kidney pathology, respiratory system;
• oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios;

Another reason is disturbances in the uteroplacental blood flow due to:

• birth anomalies;
• overwearing;
• diseases of the umbilical cord, placenta;
• pregnancy complications.

Oxygen starvation is also caused by fetal diseases:

Symptoms

Symptoms that every expectant mother should pay attention to will help to recognize hypoxia in time:

• From about 4 months, the baby begins to move. A woman should pay attention to how many times a day there were episodes of stirring. One episode is considered to be the presentation of signs of life within 2 minutes. Too frequent or rare movements are considered by physicians as negative signs.
• The main symptom that a doctor may look for is infrequent or fluctuating heartbeats. Normally, the beat should occur at a frequency of 120-16 beats per minute. The number of beats of about 90-100 per minute is a dangerous sign.

During childbirth, hypoxia is determined by the following signs:

• the child is pale or bluish skin;
• weak muscle tone;
• weakened manifestation of reflexes or their complete absence;
• the baby cries badly, crying may be absent;
• breathing is difficult;
• the color of the amniotic fluid is green or brown.

Diagnostic procedures will help confirm the diagnosis:

• Cardiotocography. This ultrasonography, using sensors attached to the abdomen, which determines the frequency and quality of the child's heartbeats.
• Doppler. Another ultrasound study aimed at analyzing blood flow in the placenta and uterus.
• ultrasound. The method allows you to see big picture child development.
• Biochemical analysis pregnant blood.

Based on the tests, the doctor makes a conclusion about the child's condition and the degree of danger for him of oxygen starvation.

Consequences of hypoxia

WITH mild degree Acute or chronic hypoxia is born every third child, so a condition that does not affect the development of the fetus is not considered dangerous. Severe oxygen starvation adversely affects the formation of the fetus. Every expectant mother must know why hypoxia is dangerous:

• developmental delay;
• damage to the central nervous system;
• reduced adaptation to conditions external environment;
• change metabolic processes;
• ischemia;
• cell death in various bodies that have irreversible consequences.

Treatment pathological conditions child is long and not always effective. Treatment of hypoxia

Since acute hypoxia occurs mainly during childbirth, emergency therapy is required. The drugs are administered intravenously depending on the indications:

With well-designed treatment, hypoxia does not significantly affect the health of the child. future mommy you need to be careful and take your feelings seriously. At the first suspicion of oxygen starvation of a child, consult a doctor.

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The consequences of fetal hypoxia are mainly reflected in the brain of the newborn, which needs oxygen the most. In the future, this may lead to serious violations in work nervous system child, which require mandatory diagnosis, treatment and correction.

Hypoxia in the fetus - what is it

Hypoxia in the fetus is an insufficient supply of oxygen to the blood of the fetus, a pathology that is often observed in newborn babies. Already after birth, the consequences of oxygen deficiency make themselves felt and are dangerous. Hypoxia in the fetus occurs during prenatal period, as well as in birth process.

Chronic intrauterine hypoxia

The causes of this pathology are:

Risk of miscarriage;

Diabetes;

Bleeding;

Smoking;

Addiction;

multiple pregnancy;

Infection;

Diseases in the first half of pregnancy;

Diagnosis of oxygen deficiency in the fetus is quite difficult. Indirectly, the pathology is evidenced by such signs as rapid fetal movements, which then stop, tachycardia ( rapid pulse) and developmental delay (according to ultrasound, less weeks than it should be). Hypoxia is also characterized by prolapse of the uterine fundus and oligohydramnios.

To detect violations in circulatory system unborn child, a woman needs to undergo an additional examination:

Fetal electrocardiogram;

Blood tests;

Cardiotocography;

NST test;

Doppler;

Determine the fetal biophysical profile (BFP).

If hypoxia is detected, the doctor prescribes therapy that improves blood flow and oxygen supply to the child developing in the uterus.

Acute hypoxia during childbirth

Intranatal hypoxia occurs during childbirth. As a rule, it does not depend on the mother herself and arises due to unqualified assistance from obstetricians and gynecologists. Any woman in labor should know exactly what kind of help doctors should give her. Their responsibility is to provide normal process delivery. (For details on who delivers and what the duties of a doctor and midwife are, read the article on our website.) A woman should not allow herself to be experimented with during childbirth. Wrong health care may be fraught serious complications both for the mother and the baby.

During the existence Soviet Union doctors actively practiced obstetrics with the use of labor-stimulating drugs, even with normal flow childbirth. Medicines stimulated contractions, pierced amniotic sac. Similar Methods quite dangerous and can threaten the health of the mother and child. Quick delivery are not natural, since the body of the fetus and the mother herself should normally prepare for the upcoming process. Incorrect intervention can complicate childbirth and lead to various injuries and acute hypoxia of the newborn.

The causes of fetal hypoxia during childbirth can also be:

Entanglement of the neck with the umbilical cord;

Weak birth process;

polyhydramnios;

Multiple pregnancy.

Prediction of the consequences of hypoxia in the fetus

Oxygen deficiency in a newborn varies in degree. The consequences for the baby can be very different. The condition of the newborn is assessed immediately after birth using the Apgar scale. If it is determined by doctors at 4-6 points, and after five minutes of life the indicator reaches 8-10, then the consequences are of moderate severity. Low grade the state of the child on the Apgar scale is fraught with very serious complications. The newborn may experience:

neurological disorder;

mental retardation;

Lagging behind in height and weight;

Speech pathology;

Mental illnesses.

Admission not enough oxygen, first of all, affects the brain. It is the brain centers that correct the work of all organs in the body. Severe hypoxia, acute and chronic, has various manifestations. After the cessation of oxygen supply, the brain centers are switched off after fifteen seconds. Neurons die massively, because oxygen is not supplied with blood. Respiratory arrest occurs.

When the umbilical cord of the child is infringed and breathing stops, then the blood stops flowing into the baby's body. In this case arterial pressure decreases, and venous increases. The child's brain can be severely damaged. Arise:

Hemorrhage;

Ischemia;

Irreversible damage to the brain centers;

Children's cerebral paralysis - most grave consequence hypoxia. IN Lately more frequent diagnosis this disease among children, which is due to the use of various labor-stimulating drugs.

A sure sign of the presence of a lack of oxygen molecules in the fetus is a reduced or increased heartbeat during childbirth. Lack of fetal activity may indicate oxygen deficiency. Signs of hypoxia include:

Bradycardia (slow heartbeat);

Tachycardia (rapid heartbeat).

If hypoxia was revealed in a baby after birth, then from the very first hours of life, a neuropathologist should take care of the child. The fight against the consequences of oxygen starvation should begin even in the hospital with oxygen inhalation. Doctors should then prescribe medications that improve brain function and sedatives. Physical education is also assigned therapeutic exercises and a special massage. In the future, parents may need classes with a speech therapist or child psychologist. The child must be registered with a neurologist in the clinic.

From the very beginning of her pregnancy, the expectant mother should carefully monitor her health. It is necessary to make long hiking, which ensures a sufficient supply of oxygen to the developing body of the child. It is very important to be observed by a gynecologist in a timely manner and undergo all the prescribed examinations that will reveal various abnormalities during pregnancy. A woman in labor should choose a qualified doctor for childbirth and a good maternity hospital.

What to do with hypoxia in the fetus?

Caring for the health of the unborn baby during pregnancy should be accompanied by the inner harmony of the woman's state of mind. No stress psychological condition pregnant should be stable. The development of any stress must be minimized. This will prevent the occurrence of phobias, which primarily affect the child.

Even serious illness women can not always cause hypoxia. Nature itself tried to ensure that the fetus was reliably protected in the woman's body from various negative factors. In the body of a pregnant woman, various physiological processes and changes that include defense mechanisms. It is they who prevent the development of many complications during pregnancy and ensure the correct development of the fetus in the prenatal period. Physiological protection prevents the development of hypoxia and normalizes the blood supply to the fetus.

The blood of an unborn child contains a large number of oxygen molecules. Much more than the average adult. The fetal heart pumps blood many times more often than the organ of adults. The hemoglobin of a baby developing in the womb has differences in structure, its molecules attach faster and perfectly split off oxygen. The work of the entire cardiovascular system of the unborn child is aimed at preventing a lack of oxygen.

You should know that as soon as various signals about the oxygen deficiency of the fetus begin in the body, immediately:

The work of the adrenal glands is activated;

The production of the necessary hormones increases;

Increased heart rate;

Increases blood pressure;

There is a redistribution of blood flow. Blood is activated primarily in the brain, then in the heart, kidneys, placenta and internal organs.

Thus, the important vital organs of the fetus receive a large volume of blood. A slight degree of hypoxia has practically no effect on the condition of the unborn child and its development.

Only when serious problems may arise dangerous complications. Poor blood supply to the fetus affects the functioning of the intestines, therefore, in amniotic fluid penetrates the original feces. During the birth process normal color amniotic fluid - transparent. The appearance of a green tint indicates the presence of chronic hypoxia. Green waters are a sign of oxygen starvation medium degree. Too cloudy amniotic fluid speaks of severe form hypoxia and possible infection of the fetus. In such cases, appropriate therapy, including antibacterial therapy, should be immediately prescribed. Treatment of a newborn with hypoxia should begin immediately. In any case, a woman in labor should not set herself up for poor delivery results. Most pregnancies end in happy outcome and birth healthy baby. Take care of your own health and visit the gynecologist regularly during pregnancy.