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Nizhnepenskaya Secondary School"

Topic: Yawning: what is it and is it true?

contagious

3rd grade student of the Nizhnepenskaya Secondary School

Scientific supervisor: Najafova Elena Nikolaevna,

primary school teacher at Nizhnepenskaya Secondary School

Place of work: Municipal educational institution "Nizhnepenskaya Secondary School"

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………

Chapter 1. Yawning: what is it?……………………………………………………………………..

Chapter 2. The reason for yawning……………………………………………………….

Chapter 3. The contagiousness of yawning……………………………………………………………8

Chapter 4. My research………………………………………………….. ..9

Appendix………………………………………………………………………………...14

Introduction

In Paris, at the end of June 2011, the first international congress dedicated to the study of this phenomenon was held in one of the largest hospitals in the capital, the Salpêtrière. It brought together the leading experts on this issue from Canada, India, France, Belgium, Italy, Israel and several other countries.

The main expert in France in this field is Dr. Olivier Walusinsky. He became interested in this phenomenon after a man came to see him in 1978 and complained that he yawned literally every minute. And he can't do anything about it. Despite all the acquired medical knowledge, the doctor was powerless to determine the causes of this phenomenon. Trying to find something in the works of his colleagues, Waluzinsky quickly became convinced that few of them dealt with this issue. Olivier Walusinsky, after many years of research, calculated that an average person yawns approximately 250 thousand times in his entire life. Moreover, with old age, the number of yawns decreases sharply.

When my teacher, Elena Nikolaevna, and I chose this topic, neither I nor she could think how interesting the study of yawning would be, how unexpected the results would be.

Main goal My research was to identify the causes of yawning, determine and study the properties of this reflex.

Before the study began, I believed that people only yawn when they want to sleep. Mom questioned my conclusion, and together we determined tasks which my work should solve:

Find out whether yawning is harmful or beneficial for a person? Is it necessary to fight it?
Find out what causes yawning?
Determine whether yawning has features that distinguish it from other reflexes of the body?

Working hypothesis my research: Yawning does not cause any harm to the body, and is even beneficial.

The main result Through my work, I see the expansion of the circle of knowledge of my classmates about the characteristics of our body, about such a reflex as yawning.

An object research - yawning reflex. Item research - causes and consequences of yawning. Place research: 3rd grade of the Nizhnepenskaya Secondary School. Term conduct of the study: November – December 2013

Research methods: collecting information through studying literature, Internet resources, questioning and conducting experiments, analyzing and summarizing the information received.

Relevance research is that we still know little about the human body to take care of our health. You need to know your body well. The results of my work will be of interest to my peers and can be applied in lessons about the world around me.

Chapter 1. Yawning: what is it?

Sneezing, hiccups, stretching and yawning are reflexes given by nature, which are also protective mechanisms for the body.

Yawning is one of the mysterious phenomena of the body. From a medical point of view, yawning is an involuntary breathing movement consisting of slowly inhaling widely open mouth and rapid energetic exhalation. Accompanied characteristic sound caused by vibration vocal cords, and in some cases, stretching movements in humans, and in animals, stepping over the legs and arching the back. However, Nature has arranged it so that, along with the manifestations discomfort Yawning also performs a useful, protective function for the body.

Scientists were prompted to this idea by the fact that yawning is characteristic not only of humans, but also of animals. Animals also love to yawn - dog and cat owners know this very well. And tigers, lions, leopards, birds, fish, snakes yawn with all their animal souls... Ostriches begin to yawn when they need to show their opponent their strength and compete for a friend. Hippopotamuses yawn very often, with their mouth opening one hundred and fifty degrees. Even frogs yawn! And chimpanzees yawn when responding to people, just for company. And for some reason only one giraffe never deals with this matter.

Why is this involuntary breathing movement done not only by people, but also by frogs, birds, mammals and even fish? During yawning, the airways widen, the facial and jaw muscles relax, after which there is a short pause during which the entire body rests. The yawning act involves the vascular, nervous, respiratory, circulatory, skeletal and muscular systems human body. The nasopharynx channels open and straighten, leading to maxillary sinuses, and eustachian tubes, which lead to inner ear, the alveoli of the lungs open wide and their deep ventilation occurs. Blood supply and nutrition to the brain accelerates.

This is probably why many people yawn with such visible pleasure, accompanying yawning with an open mouth with various sounds. Research by scientists and experimental observations confirm that yawning helps a tired person stay awake longer. In the teachings of yogis, it is considered one of the five vitality person.

Chapter 2. Causes of yawning

I found as many as eight reasons, each of which can cause yawning, but not all of them can make you yawn.

Reason one: lack of oxygen

A person yawns when too much carbon dioxide accumulates in his body. Take a deep breath - and the body receives a good portion of oxygen, and with it strength and energy. That's why, when we sit for a long time in class closed doors, we don’t ventilate it for a long time, the room becomes unbearably stuffy, we start yawning. And it is wrong to assume that this process occurs because you did not get enough sleep and are working hard in class.

Two American laboratories are currently studying yawning. Psychologist Robert Provine decided to test the common idea that yawning is a deep breath to ventilate the lungs to improve oxygen supply. He recruited volunteers from among first-year students and gave them to breathe gas mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in different ratios. It turned out that with high levels of carbon dioxide, breathing rates increased, but the number of yawns did not increase. And while breathing pure oxygen, the students yawned no less often than usual. This led Provine to the conclusion that gas exchangenot the main function of yawning.

Reason two: the need for stretching

Yawning, we often stretch, tensing the muscles of our arms, legs and back - excellent gymnastics! Blood pressure decreases and muscle tone improves. By yawning a couple of times, you can put yourself in an adequate state. Excellent prevention of heart disease.

Robert Provine believes that yawning is something like a local stretching of the facial and jaw muscles.

Particularly impressive are hippos, which open their mouths as much as 150 degrees.
It is known that you can breathe through both your mouth and nose, but they yawn only by opening their mouth. Therefore, Provine suggested that it is not a deep breath, but a wide opening of the mouth that is the most important thing in yawning. Yawning, according to Provine, is akin to stretching. It’s not for nothing that when we yawn, we often stretch our whole body.

Reason three: brain overheating

A group of scientists from Binghamton University, led by Professor Andrew Gallop, came to the conclusion that one of the main causes of yawning is... brain overheating! Having heated up to a certain critical temperature, the brain begins to function worse. A yawn, which is essentially a deep inhalation and a quick exhalation, ensures that cool air from outside enters the body, helps cool the blood and at the same time cools the brain.

The study was conducted on a group of budgerigars. It was not by chance that they were chosen for the experiment. These birds have relatively large brains and live in Australia, where frequent temperature fluctuations are the norm. Unlike people and some animals, they are not characterized by the so-called “contagious yawning”.

The parrots were observed in three different conditions: elevated, high and controlled average temperature. If in the first two cases no special effect was observed, then with an artificial increase in temperature the number of yawns almost doubled.

Researchers have suggested that when the brain is tired, it overheats and needs to cool down, which is why people tend to yawn in this state. Apparently, it is for this reason that when the forehead cools and breathing through the nose increases, yawning stops.

Scientists also believe that yawning may indicate certain diseases associated with impaired thermoregulation of the brain. No wonder frequent yawning is one of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. In addition, it often precedes epileptic seizures and migraine attacks. Therefore, people suffering from attacks of frequent, causeless yawning should consult a doctor.

Reason four: boredom

Another American yawning expert, Ronald Banninger, and his collaborators observed people in different situations, counting the frequency of yawns. The highest frequency - 24.6 yawns per hour per person - was observed in a seminar on differential calculus at the university where Banninger works. Mathematicians are offended by it, but the psychologist says that yawning is associated not only with boredom and the desire to sleep. Yawning occurs when, despite boredom, you feel obligated to remain awake. Yawn, says Banninger, this is the body's way of maintaining vigilance in cases where, despite the monotony of the situation and the paucity of external stimuli, it is necessary to remain alert. For example, a driver driving on an upscale highway yawns a lot. And very few people yawn while lying in bed before falling asleep. In this case, nothing prevents sleep, there is no reason to drive it away.

We also want to yawn when we read a boring book or listen to an uninteresting lecture. Boredom acts on the nervous system like a sleeping pill. Therefore, it is often said that yawning is a companion to boredom.

Reason five: monotonous work

We are especially vulnerable during monotonous and boring work. American psychologists somehow took the time to count the number of yawns at one of the mathematics seminars. It turned out that the average student can make 25 “aaaahs” (in the sense of yawns) in an hour. This “aaaaah” helps to invigorate the body, which is ready to fall asleep. Pragmatic Japanese businessmen have long introduced special yawning breaks for workers at their enterprises. At first, employees imitate it, and then yawn to the fullest, relieving stress and temporarily forgetting about their problems. And then they work twice as productive!

Reason six: desire to sleep

Many people associate yawning with the process of sleep. “If you yawn, it means you want to sleep” - this generally accepted point of view is not entirely true and very superficially reflects the cause and purpose of yawning. After all, we yawn not only before going to bed, but also after waking up, when we are alert and fresh. We yawn in a stuffy room and in moments of fatigue.

Yawning is a relatively rare signal that a person wants to sleep. If you've tried every known remedy for insomnia and still can't fall asleep, try imitating a yawn. Take a comfortable position, relax and yawn sweetly, closing your eyes and opening your mouth wide. Repeat this several times, and perhaps the long-awaited dream will come to you.

Reason seven: nervousness, stress, moment of excitement or tension

In situations involving strong emotional stress and danger, an ancient mechanism spontaneously turns on: a person instinctively freezes, holding his breath. And then another mechanism turns on - yawning. At the same time, a deep breath saturates the blood with oxygen, it enters the brain and muscles, maintaining a state of readiness for decisive action.

For many animals, yawning may not indicate calmness, but, on the contrary, increasing anxiety and stress. One study showed that this is why dogs and cats yawn so convulsively while waiting with their owners for an appointment with the veterinarian.

This helps explain why, for example, people often yawn when they are waiting for some exciting event. Yawning often attacks athletes before competitions or students before an exam.

NASA specialists, having worked with test pilots and parachutists for many years, have repeatedly noticed that before important missions, many of them began to yawn. The same thing was observed among athletes who were preparing for diving from a diving board, circus performers before walking along a tightrope, and lecturers before an important performance.

But the point is this: in situations associated with strong emotional stress and danger, this ancient mechanism spontaneously turns on: by yawning, a person suppresses the feeling of fear and psychologically supports himself, preparing for decisive action.

By the way, Russian psychotherapy guru Vladimir Levi strongly advises in his bestseller “Taming Fear” to yawn in order to get rid of obsessive thoughts, worries, and anxieties. One of the most effective and fast-acting remedies! “It’s very simple to imitate a yawn, and it’s very easy, once you get used to it, to translate the simulated yawn into a real one, then you won’t be able to stop,” says Levy. – And yawning, if it does not exclude all other states, then greatly “yawns”...

Musicians complain about yawning just before the start of a concert.

Reason eight: fatigue

A hypothesis put forward by Robert Provine, an American psychologist, attributes yawning to fatigued brain cells. It is from them, through nerve fibers, that the facial muscles receive the command to start a yawn. This is the primary signal included in the complex of signals for the transition from activity to sleep. This may be true, but people yawn quite often when waking up.

Yawning occurs when the performance of nerve cells is reduced, for example, as a result of physical fatigue, before bedtime or immediately after sleep.

·A typical yawn lasts, on average, 6 seconds.

A person yawns every 68 seconds.
Men and women yawn equally often, but men are less likely to cover their mouths.
If they are looking at you, you are unlikely to yawn!
Some animals yawn to show how big their teeth are.
You still need to be able to yawn. Often, after an unsuccessful yawn, you have to realign your jaw!
People who are immune to yawning are also tougher in character.

Chapter 3. The contagiousness of yawning

There is one undeniable fact about yawning: it is terribly contagious. As soon as one person starts yawning, everyone around him picks it up. This banal fact was studied for a long time by English psychologists from the University of Leeds. “Contagious yawning is an extremely interesting phenomenon,” said study leader Dr Katrina Morrison. “To pick it up, you don’t need to see or even hear a person—you just need to think or read about it.”

The contagiousness of yawning is an undeniable fact. One person begins to yawn demonstratively, and the people nearby immediately join him. There is a hypothesis linking this phenomenon with an evolutionary rudiment. Yawning served to coordinate social behavior in primitive human groups. In school animals it serves precisely this purpose. Among apes, this is a sign given by a tired leader to the entire pack. A yawn in response means agreement to “take a little rest.” Thus, non-verbal, i.e. non-speech communication. Sounds like a joke. Although, why not? According to another theory, the contagiousness of yawning is due to the fact that it was important for the pack to go to bed at the same time. So yawning served and serves as a signal that it is time to sleep. Perceiving a neighbor's yawn as a signal to yawn himself and then to fall asleep, herd animals are accustomed to sleeping together, warming and protecting each other during sleep. In addition, yawning can be a signal in animals to eat. If during the migration of ostriches several individuals begin to yawn at once, the flock stops to search for food.

It turned out that the most “contagious” were yawns among family members.

They made half of the subjects want to yawn too. In the evening, in our family we also tried to conduct this experiment, in which my mother, me, grandmother, grandfather and brother participated. The experiment was a success - in response to my energetic yawning, I was sent to bed twice and my grandparents yawned back to me.

Giraffes are the only animals that cannot yawn. Almost all warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals periodically open their mouths in an attempt to yawn - birds, fish and mammals are guilty of this. The average person yawns about 250 thousand times in their life. But the giraffe is not like that. He has never yawned even once in his entire life. At least, in the entire history of observations of giraffes, scientists have not been able to catch a single long-necked one doing this activity.

Chapter 4. My research

My research plan included surveying my classmates and conducting research among them. I marked the survey questions in the appendix of my questionnaire (Appendix 1).

Poll results

The first question of the questionnaire fully confirmed the contagiousness of yawning: eight out of eleven respondents responded with a yawn to a yawn.

Those who answered the second question once again confirm that it would be nice to sleep after lunch.

The answers to the third question of the questionnaire to some extent confirmed the cause of brain overheating:

The answers to the fourth question did not support the theory that yawning occurs during times of stress, tension or excitement:

Boredom takes its toll: nine out of eleven respondents yawn where they are bored and uninterested

Nine out of eleven yawned during the survey. I think if the questionnaire had pictures, the majority would have yawned.

Then, in class, with the teacher’s permission, I conducted an experiment. At every lesson of one school day, I was called to the board, during which I yawned several times, and my teacher counted how many children involuntarily yawned after me. So, in the first Russian language lesson, 3 out of 11 students yawned after me, in the second mathematics lesson, 1 out of 11 students, in the third reading lesson, more than one student, but in the fourth music lesson, 6 out of 11 people already yawned. Therefore, we can say that yawning is contagious and after dinner I really want to sleep.
Conclusion

As a result of doing research work, I learned about what yawning is and what are the reasons for its occurrence, many interesting facts from the life of people and animals. Now I understand why Elena Nikolaevna ventilates the classroom every morning before our arrival and at every break, and why we have a big break every day, and sometimes during physical education lessons we go outside: so that we yawn less. But, most likely, in this sense, her efforts are in vain, since I now know that oxygen deprivation of the brain is not the main cause of yawning.

My working hypothesis was confirmed: yawning is good for the body, it helps relieve stress, fatigue, mental stress and stimulates brain function. Yawning also promotes the activity of the lacrimal glands, normalizes blood pressure, improves mood, and helps prevent heart attacks and other heart diseases.

So you shouldn’t fight yawning, and it turns out that yawning in class is even useful!

References

1. Petrovsky B.V. Big medical encyclopedia. Ed. 3, 1978 T 8 Eugenics - ripple, 528s, 9l.incl.

I yawn too
I smile and make fun of the yawner
I tell the teacher

Slide 2

Goal: Identifying the causes of yawning, determining and studying the properties of this reflex. Objectives: - Find out whether yawning is harmful or beneficial for a person; whether it is necessary to fight it; find out what causes yawning; Is yawning contagious?

Yawning is an involuntary breathing movement consisting of a slow inhalation through a wide open mouth and a rapid energetic exhalation. Accompanied by a characteristic sound caused by vibration of the vocal cords, and in some cases, stretching movements in humans, and in animals, stepping on the legs and stretching the back

Human Yawn

Animal yawning

Respiratory process During yawning, the airways expand, the facial and jaw muscles relax, after which there is a short pause, during which the body rests.

Systems of the human body The act of yawning involves the vascular, nervous, respiratory, circulatory, skeletal and muscular systems human body

8 Causes of yawning 1. Lack of oxygen 2. The need to stretch 3. Overheating of the brain 4. Boredom 5. Monotonous work 6. The desire to sleep 7. Nervousness, stress, a moment of excitement or tension 8. Fatigue

Study Results If I see someone yawning in class, I:

If one of your classmates yawns in class, then this happens

I see that most often my parents yawn

What do you think can trigger yawning:

Watching what genre of film would you yawn while sitting in class?

Did you yawn at least once while answering this questionnaire?

Experiment In the first lesson of the Russian language, 3 students out of 11 yawned after me. In the second lesson of mathematics, 1 student out of 11. In the third lesson, not a single student. In the fourth lesson, already 6 people out of 11 yawned.

Conclusion My working hypothesis was confirmed - yawning is good for the body, it helps relieve stress, fatigue, mental stress and stimulates brain function.

Thank you for your attention

Why do people yawn presentations? "Yawn: A Familiar Stranger"

Sidorova Maria

Research presented at the annual “Pavlovsk Readings”, which take place in Ryazan. The work received a diploma for participation.

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"Municipal budget educational institution secondary school No. 46

G. Ryazan"

Research

"Yawning is like physiological process»

Completed by: student of class 10 “A”

MBOU Secondary School No. 46, Ryazan

Sidorova Maria.

Head: biology teacher

And chemistry MBOU Secondary School No. 46 in Ryazan

Gorbunova N.A.

Ryazan, 2012

	Introduction	3 pages
	Bibliography.	4 pages
	Main part: 3.1 Gallop research; 3.2 Yawning is a physiological process that is useful and necessary for a person; 3.3 yawning as an imitative action;	5 pages
	Conclusion.	9 pages
	Literature.	10 pages
	Applications.	11 pages

Introduction.

Yawning is a reflex breathing act: a deep, drawn-out breath and a relatively quick exhalation with the mouth, pharynx, and glottis wide open; often accompanied by a peculiar sound. The cause of yawning can be fatigue, deterioration of the heart and blood vessels, lack of muscle activity, staying in a stuffy room, as well as in drowsy state. Many scientists agree that yawning can be caused by overheating of the brain and serves as a kind of air conditioner for it. But so far, none of the hypotheses regarding the causes of yawning have been conclusively proven.

Yawning helps relieve fatigue and mental stress, renew the air in the lungs, and cool the brain. Prolonged yawning may be a symptom of oxygen starvation of the brain and some other painful conditions requiring medical attention.

Yawning is not unique to humans. They say that even frogs yawn. Budgerigars have helped scientists make many interesting conclusions about yawning. Yawning is a reflection of an ancient instinct that exists in all animals.

Yawning easily occurs as an imitative action (in the form of a mirror neuron reaction). People who are able to empathize, seeing a person yawning, also begin to yawn. Yawning is an extremely contagious activity. They yawn for company in 42-50% of cases, but children under four years of age do not yawn for company. Chimpanzees, just like people, can yawn for company.

Scientists say yawning is beneficial. When yawning Airways open wide and the muscles relax. After which a pleasant state of loss of consciousness occurs. Yawning helps relieve stress, fatigue, mental stress, and stimulates brain function.

I'm interested this topic, since I often observe in class that students yawn, if one student yawns, then a chain of this process follows him.

Hypothesis: yawning occurs when a person is tired, as well as if he sees a person yawning.

Objectives of the study: determine the reasons for students’ yawning.

Research objectives: get acquainted with the literature on this topic, observe students in your class in different situations, determine the dependence of the frequency of yawning on the type of activity of students, the dependence of the frequency of yawning on the presence of yawners in the class, on the number of the lesson in the school schedule.

Methods: studying the literature, observing, constructing diagrams demonstrating the dependence of the frequency of yawning on various factors.

Subject of study: yawning as a physiological phenomenon.

Object of study:students of grade 10 “a” and teachers of school No. 46.

Bibliography: on the website www.medvisnik.com found material on a study of yawning in budgerigars; the site http://ru.wikipedia.org helped to find an interpretation of the concept of “yawning”; material about yawning as an imitative action was on the same site. www.podrobnosti.ua contains material about yawning as a symptom of fatigue and illness.

Main part.

All people yawn. Most vertebrates do this too. Of course, this brings some useful function. But what it might actually be remains a puzzle for scientists at all times. A current series of experiments suggests a surprising reason why yawning occurs. According to Andrew Gallop, PhD, a postdoctoral associate investigator at the Binghamton Institute.- it cools the brain. “We have accumulated data from studies in rats, parrots and humans. All of these provide support for the brain cooling hypothesis,” says Gallop.
Here is the main idea of this hypothesis:

● When you start to yawn, the forceful stretching of your jaw increases blood flow to your neck, face and head.

● Taking a deep breath while yawning causes spinal fluid and blood to flow away from the brain.

● Cold air included in oral cavity, cools these liquids.

They conducted a study on a group budgies(took them as an example of vertebrates). These birds have a relatively large brain, live in Australia (where frequent temperature fluctuations are the norm), and, most importantly, they are not characterized by “contagious yawning,” which is so often found in people and some animals. The parrots were observed in 3 different conditions: temperature rise, high and adjustable average temperature. When zoologists began to increase the temperature from the average value, the number of bird yawns almost doubled. It turns out that if a person’s brain “boils,” then it is very likely that the person will yawn soon. This physiological act will be equivalent to the start of operation of a fan cooling an overheated computer microprocessor. The brain works better when slightly cooled, and yawning is a physiological adaptation to cool the brain more. Now it’s clear why people most often yawn before and after sleep (the brain needs to cool down and own kind shaking), which is why yawning from time to time becomes a symptom of the disease. The reason why yawning stops when the forehead cools and breathing faster through the nose has become clearer.

Scientists say yawning is beneficial. When you yawn, your airways open wide and your muscles relax. After which a pleasant state of loss of consciousness occurs. Yawning helps relieve stress, fatigue, mental stress, and stimulates brain function. German scientists have found that yawning activates blood circulation, clears the mind, supplies brain and body cells with energy, and promotes the activity of the lacrimal glands. Dry eyes are hydrated and feel much better. The muscles of the temples, face, neck, back of the head, shoulders, abdomen and diaphragm relax. Your mood improves. According to Spanish doctors, yawning normalizes arterial pressure, relieves tension in muscles and joints, helps prevent heart attack and other heart diseases. The fact is that yawning begins according to a signal from the brain. This indicates that he has begun oxygen starvation. And during yawning, the brain is quickly saturated with oxygen. Therefore, there is no need to forcefully fight yawning. This will not bring any benefit, but on the contrary, it will do harm. In order to eliminate the need for yawning, you need to switch to alternative actions. In particular, walk quickly,make some energetic physical exercise. During movements, there is also increased saturation of the blood and all other tissues and organs with oxygen. And therefore, the brain “will not force” us to “swallow air.”

Yawning is not unique to humans. They say that even frogs yawn. Yawning is a reflection of an ancient instinct that exists in all animals. Men and women yawn almost equally often, but not all men cover their mouths with their hands when yawning. A yawn lasts about 6 seconds. And children begin to yawn in the womb, at the age of 11 weeks (see appendix 2, fig. 3). Yawning easily occurs as an imitative action (in the form of a mirror neuron reaction).People who are able to empathize, seeing a person yawning, also begin to yawn. Yawning is an extremely contagious activity. They yawn for company in 42-50% of cases, but children under four years of age do not yawn for company. Chimpanzees, just like people, can yawn for company (see appendix 2, fig. 5).

We conducted research on the following parameters:

Yawning like chain reaction.
from lesson number

Research results

For diagrams showing the dependence of yawning frequency on various factors, see the appendix.

A person is used as an irritant.

An image of an animal was used as a stimulus

Dependence of yawning on the type of activity.

The dependence of yawning on the lesson number in the school schedule

Lesson no.	Number of yawners (persons)

A survey of 10th grade students helped identify the reasons for yawning (according to students).

According to teachers, a person yawns the following reasons:

Conclusion.

Conclusion: During the study, we realized that the frequency of yawning in students depends on:

The presence of people already yawning in the class: the least number of students yawned when they did not see the “stimulus”, which means that yawning is a chain reaction.
Viewing pictures or photographs depicting yawning people and animals: when they saw a photo of a yawning person, more students yawned than when they saw a photo depicting animals, therefore, the chain reaction is more pronounced in similar organisms.
Types of student activities: what more active look activity, the fewer students yawn.
Lesson numbers in the school schedule: in the first and last lessons there are more yawners than in the middle of the school day.

Prospects.

But this project is not completed, since there is much more on this topic interesting topics To study, we assume to find out:

who yawns more often: a woman or a man,
how does the frequency of yawning depend on a specific educational subject,
how does the frequency of yawning depend on the day of the week,
how does the frequency of yawning depend on the time of day,
How does the frequency of yawning depend on a person’s age?

P.S. During this work, especially during testing of students, we yawned about 100 times.

Literature.

A person begins to yawn within five minutes after birth. Only recently has this common occurrence come to the attention of researchers, notably Robert Provine of the University of Maryland. He found that this is the body's signal about oxygen deficiency, which occurs when a person is tired or bored and needs to shake himself up.

The researcher placed a group of student volunteers in a room where the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels were gradually changed. The scientist counted the number of yawns of each subject. Although the subjects' breathing rate increased as the oxygen deficit in the room increased, the intensity of the yawns remained constant. It remained constant even when breathing pure oxygen.

Yawning is known to be accompanied by stretching, especially after sleep. The same pattern of yawning with stretching is observed an hour before a night's rest. This suggested the idea that yawning is, first of all, gymnastics, which turned out to be necessary primarily for... the soul. It is curious that when yawning, even people with one-sided paralysis, a consequence of a stroke, gain the ability to move.

People yawn most often when they lack impressions or are under stress - before an exam, a responsible public speaking. The process of yawning is extremely contagious. So, sitting in front of the TV, on the screens of which yawning people were shown, the audience yawned even more often, meme people on the screen.

But the main thing is that Provine’s research did not provide a comprehensive answer to the question - why do humans and animals yawn?

And here is what the encyclopedia “Cyril and Methodius” says about this:

Think about how you stretch languidly and yawn sweetly... or look at the image to the left of the text... Do you feel like yawning? "This normal reaction"- says Robert Provine, professor of physiology at the University of Maryland. "Yawning is an extremely contagious process. Once you see a person yawning, you will yawn; hear the sound of a yawn - the same thing; or you are reading a book, and when the hero yawns, you yawn too... Even sitting in absolute darkness in a completely empty room, you just have to think about yawning - and you will definitely yawn!” says the professor.

Science Explains Yawning as a Need for Delivery large doses oxygen to the brain. However, Provine believes that not everything is so simple. With his experiments, he proved that even in an extremely oxygen-rich atmosphere, a person yawns just as willingly as in conditions poorer in oxygen. The ability to yawn appears during the first third intrauterine development. A yawn serves as a signal of changes in the body.

Yawns usually accompany the transition from wakefulness to sleep. However, as surprising as it may sound, yawns are often accompanied by the reverse transition - from sleep to wakefulness or to increased alertness. For example, if a musician yawns very actively before a concert, this does not mean that he did not get enough sleep... his body is simply preparing for heavy loads during an important event.

Yawning is also a synchronizer for humans group behavior. When a person yawns, a chain reaction starts, involving everyone around him. So, regardless of the changes occurring in our body, these processes are synchronized with their neighbors.

"You make me laugh!" Like yawns, laughter is also highly contagious.

(Note from "KM": in the Russian language there is even such an adjective - "infectious", and is used precisely in combination with the word "laughter"! True, I don’t think anyone has ever talked about yawns like that.) When there are a lot of laughing people around, it’s hard not to join them or at least smile. And the harder you try to keep a serious face, the harder it is to do so. This mechanism has developed in humans because, Provine believes, laughter is directly related to relationships between people. "Laughter is like the glue that binds a group of people together. It is a legacy of the past - biological method bringing people together. We don't allow ourselves to laugh with others - we just laugh with them."

But there is another type of laughter - mockery, ridicule. In this case, the person is actually denied the right to be a member of the group, he is expelled from it.

In general, Provine sums up, if someone yawns in your face, or other people turn around at your laughter and start smiling too, do not take this as a sign of lack of culture or disrespect. In these moments, only some of the simplest and most uncomplicated are manifested, but nevertheless, wonderful examples social human behavior.

WHY DO WE YAWN

Lgova Alisa Yurievna,

student of grade 3 “B”,

MBOU "Secondary School No. 11" of the city of Belovo

Supervisor:

Odinokova Victoria Anatolevna,

teacher primary classes,

MBOU secondary school No. 11 of the city of Belovo

Novokuznetsk

2015

Table of contents

Introduction 3

Why do we yawn 4-5

Contagious Yawn 5

Yawning and etiquette 5-6

Study 7-8

Conclusion 9

List of sources and literature 10

Introduction

Yawning - what do we know about this phenomenon? I believed that we yawn when we feel sleepy or when we are very bored. I was also surprised that yawning is an extremely contagious thing. I also observed that after a yawn, a slight wakefulness sets in for a short time. I was interested in these facts and I wondered what happens in our bodies during yawning. I decided to try to understand this phenomenon in more detail and try to understand why we yawn?

Goal of the work:

find out if yawning is good for you

what happens in our body during yawning

Tasks:

Study the literature and find out what yawning is and whether it is beneficial for our body

Analyze the information received

Conduct a survey at school among students in grades 2-4

Object of study: students 2-4 MBOU classes Secondary school No. 11 of the city of Belovo

Subject of study: yawning is a stress reliever

Methods: literature study, questioning, observation

Research hypothesis:

A person yawns because it is a means of dealing with stress.

Why do we yawn?

Yawning is slow deep breath, in which the mouth opens wide and you want to stretch, followed by a quick exhalation. When animals yawn, their back arches. Yawning usually occurs when you are tired, drowsy, or staying in a room with increased content carbon dioxide, sometimes for no apparent reason at all.

The reasons that cause yawning have not yet been fully elucidated. When we fall asleep, our breathing rate decreases because during sleep we need less energy than when awake. If at this time a person tries to stay awake, then the brain begins to experience a lack of oxygen. To correct this, people yawn to increase the amount of air entering the lungs. For the same reason, yawning can also occur in a person who is absolutely not going to sleep if he finds himself in a stuffy room.

Imagine how with a slow and deep yawn the blood is enriched with oxygen. The speed of blood flow in the vessels of the head increases. Blood supply to brain cells improves. The muscles of the legs, arms and especially the back tense, the person makes some kind of movement. Muscles force the brain to “shake off” inhibition.

Yawning is the body's way of dealing with stress. Remember that you don’t want to yawn if you are in a cheerful and upbeat mood. It’s a completely different matter when we are depressed, depressed or mopey about something. This is where yawning strikes.

There's another one interesting version: Yawning helps to cool the brain and thus improve its functioning. Scientists say that the brain begins to work worse when overheated, and with the help of yawning, cold air is supplied to the body.

Indeed, remember the common expression “your brain is boiling”! 4

Yawning as a response to “brain overheating” fits all its manifestations.

Perhaps this is why we begin to yawn when crossing from the street to warm room, as well as after eating food, the digestion of which warms the body.

Contagious yawn

It’s worth seeing a yawning person - and you yawn, hear the sound of a yawn - the same thing, or you are reading a book and the hero yawns - you yawn too, you even have to think about yawning while sitting in an empty and dark room, – huge probability that you will certainly yawn!

The amazing contagiousness of yawning is associated with proven remedy fighting insomnia. If you're having trouble falling asleep, try imitating a yawn. Accept comfortable position, relax and yawn several times, closing your eyes and opening your mouth wide. Repeat this several times, as if infecting yourself with a yawn. Before you know it, yawning will turn from an imitation into a real process, and perhaps the long-awaited dream will come to you.

Yawning and etiquette

Yawning is often driven into boundaries defined by etiquette.Onlookers catch the disapproving glances of those around them, yawn through tears, and hide behind the first objects that come to hand. And then they try to yawn again and again.

In Islamic tradition, yawning is a sign of laziness and boredom. Therefore, Allah does not like yawning, but Satan rejoices at the sight of someone yawning. If you can't suppress a yawn, you should at least cover your mouth back side palms.

So, if yawning overcomes you during the day while working or studying, this is a signal that it’s time to open the window and provide an influx of fresh air. cool air. It won't hurt to warm up a little: stand up, walk, do a few bends and turns of the body. 5

So, yawn heartily, stretch and feel that your body is divided into two parts - upper and lower. Then take five deep breaths in through your nose and out through your mouth. Drink water, tea or lemonade. Don't rush to the coffee machine: hot drink will not produce a cooling effect. Change the position you were in.

To cope with yawning in the morning, you need to wake up properly.

Don't get up suddenly. Set your alarm clock with five to ten minutes to spare and do a few simple movements in bed. Remember how it happens on weekends: take a comfortable position, straighten your arms and legs, slowly and happily stretch several times. If you want, yawn at the same time, just be careful. There are cases when, after an unsuccessful, too “spiritual” yawn, people had to set their jaw.

Study

After studying the literature about yawning, I decided to conduct my own experiment. I conducted a survey among 2-4 grades. The guys were asked the following questions:

Why are you yawning?

1) When you want to sleep

2) When I'm bored

3) When I feel stuffy

4) When it’s not interesting

5)When I see someone else yawning

The survey was attended by 2 classes - 48 people, 3 classes - 49 people, 4 classes - 47 people.

As a result of the survey, we received following results:

Table 1

Why are you yawning?

I want to sleep

boring

stuffy

not interested

When I see someone yawning

2 classes

3 classes

4 classes

Diagram 1

Why are you yawning?

I want to sleep

Not interested

When I see that

someone yawns

IN polls

Number of persons

2nd grade

3rd grade

The table shows that most guys yawn when they want to sleep - 54 people, bored - 23 people, stuffy - 19 people, uninteresting - 13 people, yawn when someone yawns - 33 people.

To the question “How do you feel after yawning?”, I received the following answers:

cheerfulness and lightness (95 people)

nothing has changed (27 people)

I don't know (22 people)

Conclusion

After conducting my research, it turned out that yawning has an extraordinary effect on well-being. positive impact:

1) allows the human body to replenish oxygen reserves;

2) allows you to breathe deeper;

3) activates blood circulation;

4) clears the mind-mind, cooling the brain;

5) supplies brain cells with energy;

6) promotes the activity of the lacrimal glands - after yawning, dry eyes are moisturized and feel much better;

7) relaxes the muscles of the jaws, temples, head in general, face, neck, back of the head, shoulders, abdomen and chest;

8) improves mood and increases overall tone.

Yawning can reduce headache in the temple area. Nothing invigorates and relieves muscle tension, like a pleasant yawn with stretching of the whole body!

The desire to yawn is a signal from the body that it needs additional energy.

To do this, stretch your whole body well, yawn with pleasure, exhale noisily and tell yourself: “Don’t worry! All tasks will be completed! I can handle everything! And now I yawn and fill my body with a new portion of the energy that I so need!”

List of sources and literature

1.Apchhi...To your health! Sneezing, hiccups, yawning./Auth.-comp. L. Cheremukhina; M.: "Eksmo" 2010.-128p.

2.Daily educational journal.-Access mode:http:/ shkolazhini. ru

3. “A brief history of the head.”/Auth.-comp. R. Tallis; "Amphora" 2010.-352 p.

MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SECONDARY SCHOOL No. 2

353100, Krasnodar region, st. Vyselki, Severnaya St., 9

Research

on this topic:

"Yawn: A Familiar Stranger"

Completed:

Yurov Alexander

Student of 1st "B" class

MBOUSOSH No. 2

Art. Vyselki

Project Manager:

Primary school teacher

MBOUSOSH No. 2 Art. Vyselki

Lysova Irina Leonidovna

Art. Vyselki, 2012

Introduction 3

Yawning: "Why? Why? When?" 5

Reason one: lack of oxygen 7

Reason two: the need for stretching 8

Reason three: brain overheating 9

Reason four: boredom 11

Reason five: monotonous work 13

Reason seven: nervousness, stress, moment of excitement or tension 15

Reason eight: fatigue 17

Interesting facts about yawning 18

The contagiousness of yawning 19

I. A. Goncharov, “Oblomov” 19

My research 21

Introduction

Every person on Earth has sneezed, hiccupped, stretched and yawned at least once in their life. Many people do this almost every day, but not many think: “Why?”

Sneezing, hiccups, stretching and yawning are reflexes given by nature that apply to everything defense mechanisms for the body.

When too much dust, allergens and germs accumulate in the nasal cavity, they become irritated nerve endings, and the man sneezes, says the candidate medical sciences Andrey Dyshkovets. In this case, a sharp, strong exhalation occurs, which throws all irritants out of the nasopharynx.

As for hiccups, what causes them is nervus vagus which connects the esophagus, diaphragm and nervous system. If a person eats quickly, swallows big pieces, overeats, it irritates the vagus nerve. It tenses and stimulates the diaphragm. And she produces sharp air shocks to push food through the esophagus.

Stretching is a preparation of the body for work. Thus, a person warms up his muscles after sleep and restores blood circulation throughout the body. Stretching stimulates the pleasure centers in the brain, which improves your mood. It also has a positive effect on vision, taste and tactile sensations.

Yawning is one of the mysterious phenomena body. WITH medical point vision, the process is the most common: “Involuntary breathing movement“consisting of a long, deep inhalation and a vigorous exhalation.” Why is this involuntary breathing movement done not only by people, but also by frogs, birds, mammals and even fish? Scientists are still arguing about this. Scientists are not stupid people; if they argue, it means that there are several possible answers to the question posed.

Despite all the acquired medical knowledge, the doctor was powerless to determine the causes of this phenomenon. Trying to find something in the works of his colleagues, Waluzinsky quickly became convinced that few of them dealt with this issue.

Animals also love to yawn - dog and cat owners know this very well. And tigers, lions, leopards, birds, fish, snakes yawn with all their animal souls... Ostriches begin to yawn when they need to show their opponent their strength and compete for a friend. Hippopotamuses yawn very often, with their mouth opening one hundred and fifty degrees. Even frogs yawn! And chimpanzees yawn when responding to people, just for company. And for some reason only one giraffe never deals with this matter.

Olivier Walusinski after for long years research calculated: for a lifetime a common person yawns approximately 250 thousand times. Moreover, with old age, the number of yawns decreases sharply.

Yawning: "Why? Why? When?"

When my mother and I chose this topic, neither she nor I could have imagined how interesting and interesting the study of yawning would be. cognitive process how surprising some of the findings may be.

^ Main purpose My research was to identify the causes of yawning, determine and study the properties of this reflex.

Before starting work, I was sure that people yawn only when they want to sleep. Mom questioned my conclusion, and together we came up with list of questions, which my work was supposed to answer:

Is yawning harmful or beneficial for humans? Is it necessary to fight it?
What causes yawning?
Does yawning have features that set it apart from other reflexes?

Was immediately drawn up research plan, which would allow me to answer the questions posed:

Find and study information on the Internet regarding yawning.
Identify and systematize the causes of yawning.
Find out whether animal reflexes that resemble human yawns are yawning.
Study the properties of yawning.
Find and give examples of mentions of yawning in literary works.
Compose a questionnaire and conduct a survey among classmates.
Prepare your work in a word processor and create a computer presentation.
Prepare to speak at a school conference.

^ The main result Through my work, I see the expansion of the circle of knowledge of my classmates about the characteristics of the human body, and I also wanted to show how many secrets are hidden in a simple and understandable at first glance reflex of a living organism.

I found eight reasons, each of which can cause yawning, but not all of them can make you yawn. For each of the reasons, as an epigraph, I provided an excerpt from literary work, thereby showing that the very fact of yawning is used by the authors to describe the situation, well-being and psychological state heroes.
^

Reason one: lack of oxygen

“Dolores yawned and, so as not to disturb her son, went out into the garden to breathe in the evening cool.”

Alexander Belyaev, “Amphibian Man”

H A person yawns when too much carbon dioxide accumulates in his body. Take a deep breath - and the body receives a good portion of oxygen, and with it strength and energy. That's why, when in gym there are too many people and the room becomes unbearably stuffy, you start yawning. And it is wrong to assume that this process occurs because you did not get enough sleep and are training through force.

Two American laboratories are currently studying yawning. Psychologist Robert Provine decided to test the common idea that yawning is a deep breath to ventilate the lungs to improve oxygen supply. He recruited volunteers from among first-year students and gave them to breathe gas mixtures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in different ratios. It turned out that when high content carbon dioxide, the respiratory rate increased, but the number of yawns did not increase. And while breathing pure oxygen, the students yawned no less often than usual. This led Provine to the conclusion that gas exchange is not the main function tion of yawning.
^

Reason two: the need for stretching

“When Kashtanka woke up, it was already light, and there was a noise from the street that only happens during the day. There was not a soul in the room. Kashtanka stretched, yawned and, angry, gloomy, walked around the room.”

^ A.P.Chekhov, “Kashtanka”

Z
When we eat, we often stretch, tensing the muscles of our arms, legs and back - excellent gymnastics! Blood pressure decreases and muscle tone improves. By yawning a couple of times, you can bring yourself to adequate condition. Excellent prevention of heart disease.

Robert Provine believes that yawning is something like local stretching face and jaw muscles.

Reason three: brain overheating

“I was lying on the sofa, my eyes fixed on the ceiling and my hands behind my head, when Werner came into my room. He sat down in an armchair, put his cane in the corner, yawned and announced that it was getting hot outside.”

The study was conducted on a group of budgerigars. It was not by chance that they were chosen for the experiment. These birds have relatively big brain, they live in Australia, where frequent temperature fluctuations are the norm. Unlike people and some animals, they are not characterized by the so-called “contagious yawning”.

The parrots were observed in three different conditions: elevated, high and controlled average temperature. If in the first two cases special effect was not observed, then with an artificial increase in temperature the number of yawns almost doubled.

Scientists also believe that yawning may indicate certain diseases associated with impaired thermoregulation of the brain. No wonder frequent yawning- one of the symptoms multiple sclerosis. In addition, it often precedes epileptic seizures and migraine attacks. Therefore, people suffering from attacks of frequent, causeless yawning should consult a doctor.

Reason four: boredom

M.Yu. Lermontov, “Hero of Our Time”

Another American specialist by yawn, Ronald Banninger and his staff watched people in different situations, counting the frequency of yawns. The highest frequency - 24.6 yawns per hour per person - was observed in a seminar on differential calculus at the university where Banninger works. Mathematicians are offended by it, but the psychologist says that yawning is associated not only with boredom and the desire to sleep. Yawning occurs when, despite boredom, you feel obligated to remain awake. Yawn says Banninger, this is the way in which the body maintains vigilance in cases where, despite the monotony of the situation and the scarcity external stimuli, gotta stay alert. For example, a driver driving on an upscale highway yawns a lot. And very few people yawn while lying in bed before falling asleep. In this case, nothing prevents sleep, there is no reason to drive it away.

Reason five: monotonous work

“A sleepy badger appeared, looking like a shaggy pig... He took the brown caterpillars with his paw, squeezed out a brown paste from them onto the shoes and with his tail perfectly cleaned all three pairs of shoes - Malvina, Pinocchio and Pierrot. After cleaning, he yawned:
- Ahaha. - and left waddling."

We are especially vulnerable during monotonous and boring work. American psychologists somehow took the time to count the number of yawns at one of the mathematics seminars. It turned out that the average student can make 25 “aaaahs” (in the sense of yawns) in an hour. This “aaaaah” helps to invigorate the body, which is ready to fall asleep. Pragmatic Japanese businessmen have long introduced special yawning breaks for workers at their enterprises. First the employees imitate him, and then they yawn full program, relieving stress and temporarily forgetting about your problems. And then they work twice as productive!

Reason six: desire to sleep

“Pinocchio pounded on the door with his hands and feet:
- Help, help, good people!..
Then a pretty curly girl with a pretty upturned nose leaned out of the window.
Her eyes were closed.
- Girl, open the door, robbers are chasing me!
- Oh, what nonsense! - said the girl, yawning with her pretty mouth. - I want to sleep, I can’t open my eyes...
She raised her hands, stretched sleepily and disappeared through the window.”

^ A.N. Tolstoy, “The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio”

ABOUT Usually, when a person yawns, they say that he wants to sleep. But experts who recently took part in a conference in Paris said that the yawner has completely different desires.
Yawning is a relatively rare signal that a person wants to sleep.

If you've tried everything known remedies for insomnia, but you still can’t fall asleep, try imitating a yawn. Take a comfortable position, relax and yawn sweetly, closing your eyes and opening your mouth wide. Repeat this several times, and perhaps the long-awaited dream will come to you.
^

Reason seven: nervousness, stress, moment of excitement or tension

“Kutuzov stood still in the same place and, senilely slumped in the saddle with his corpulent body, yawned heavily, closing his eyes. The troops no longer moved, but stood at gunpoint.

“Okay, okay,” he said to Prince Andrei and turned to the general, who, with a watch in his hands, said that it was time to move, since all the columns from the left flank had already descended.

“We’ll still have time, Your Excellency,” Kutuzov said through a yawn. - We'll make it! - he repeated.”

L.N. Tolstoy, “War and Peace”

IN situations involving strong emotional stress, dangerous, turns on spontaneously ancient mechanism: a person instinctively freezes, holding his breath. And then another mechanism turns on - yawning. At the same time, a deep breath saturates the blood with oxygen, it enters the brain and muscles, maintaining a state of readiness for decisive action.

This helps explain why, for example, people often yawn when they are waiting for some exciting event. Yawning often attacks athletes before competitions or students before an exam.

By the way, Russian psychotherapy guru Vladimir Levi strongly advises yawning in his bestseller “Taming Fear” in order to get rid of obsessive thoughts, worries, worries. One of the most effective and fast-acting remedies! “It’s very simple to imitate a yawn, and it’s very easy, once you get used to it, to translate the simulated yawn into a real one, then you won’t be able to stop,” says Levy. – And yawning, if it does not exclude all other states, then greatly “yawns”...

Musicians complain about yawning just before the start of a concert.
^

Reason eight: fatigue

“One day, on October 15, the conversation lasted longer than usual. It was nine o'clock in the evening. Hardly suppressed yawns indicated that the hour of rest had come.”

Jules Verne, "The Mysterious Island"

G A hypothesis put forward by Robert Provine, an American psychologist, attributes yawning to fatigue in brain cells. It is from them, through nerve fibers, the facial muscles receive the command to start a yawn. This is the primary signal included in the complex of signals for the transition from activity to sleep. This may be true, but people yawn quite often when waking up.

Yawning occurs when performance nerve cells reduced, for example, as a result physical fatigue, before bedtime or immediately after sleep.

A typical yawn lasts, on average, 6 seconds.
A person yawns every 68 seconds.
Men and women yawn equally often, but men are less likely to cover their mouths.
If they are looking at you, you are unlikely to yawn!
Some animals yawn to show how big their teeth are.
You still need to be able to yawn. Often, after an unsuccessful yawn, you have to realign your jaw!
People who are immune to yawning are also tougher in character.

The contagiousness of yawning

“So sometimes half an hour will pass without someone yawning out loud and crossing his mouth, saying: “Lord have mercy!”

A neighbor yawns behind him, then the next one, slowly, as if on command, opens his mouth, and so on, the infectious play of air in the lungs will bypass everyone, and some will burst into tears.”
^

I. A. Goncharov, “Oblomov”

The contagiousness of yawning is an undeniable fact. One person begins to yawn demonstratively, and the people nearby immediately join him. There is a hypothesis linking this phenomenon with an evolutionary rudiment. Yawning served for coordination social behavior in primitive human groups. In school animals it serves precisely this purpose. Among apes, this is a sign given by a tired leader to the entire pack. A yawn in response means agreement to “take a little rest.” Thus, non-verbal, i.e. non-speech communication. Sounds like a joke. Although, why not? According to another theory, the contagiousness of yawning is due to the fact that it was important for the pack to go to bed at the same time. So yawning served and serves as a signal that it is time to sleep. Perceiving a neighbor's yawn as a signal to yawn himself and then to fall asleep, herd animals are accustomed to sleeping together, warming and protecting each other during sleep. In addition, yawning can be a signal in animals to eat. If during the migration of ostriches several individuals begin to yawn at once, the flock stops to search for food.

It turned out that the most “contagious” were yawns among family members. They made half of the subjects want to yawn too. Friends followed. About a quarter of the volunteers responded to their yawning. The yawning of simply familiar people evoked a reciprocal desire in only one in eight, and in strangers only one in ten. The results also showed that between strangers Yawning was transmitted longer than between people who know each other well.

My research

My research plan included surveying my classmates. But the questions turned out to be so difficult for children that I could not get answers to many of them. Therefore, I asked my mother to survey the adults at work.

Questionnaire

1	If I see someone yawning at work, I: I yawn too I smile and make fun of the yawner I report to the director
2	If it suddenly happens that one of your colleagues yawns at work, then this happens: In the morning before starting work Right after lunch By the end of the working day Yawning is prohibited at work
3	The most common yawns I see are: On the beach in hot summer “At the barbecue” in the cool autumn I don't go to the beach and don't eat barbecue
4	What situation can provoke yawning: Casual conversation in a fun company Before the start of an exciting, important event for you Dentist's office
5	While watching a film of which genre would you yawn in a cinema seat: Funny comedy Maudlin melodrama Documentary film on a topic that doesn't interest you What is “cinema”?
6	Did you yawn at least once while answering this questionnaire?

Poll results

The first question of the questionnaire fully confirmed the contagiousness of yawning: eight out of twelve respondents responded with a yawn to a yawn.

Those who answered the second question once again confirm that it would be nice to sleep after lunch.

The answers to the third question of the questionnaire to some extent confirmed the cause of brain overheating:

The answers to the fourth question did not support the theory that yawning occurs during times of stress, tension or excitement:

Boredom does its job: nine out of twelve respondents yawn where they are bored and uninterested

Two out of ten yawned during the survey. I think if the questionnaire had pictures of people yawning, the majority would have yawned.

Conclusion

As a result of my research work, I learned about the nature of yawning and the causes of its occurrence, many interesting facts from the life of people and animals. Now I understand why Irina Leonidovna ventilates the classroom every morning before we arrive: so that we yawn less. But, most likely, in this sense, her efforts are in vain, since I now know that oxygen deprivation of the brain is not the main cause of yawning.

Having learned about the contagious properties of yawning, I know for sure that everyone who read my research work yawned at least once while reading it. And you shouldn’t be afraid or avoid this, because yawning helps relieve stress, fatigue, mental stress and stimulates brain function. Yawning also promotes the activity of the lacrimal glands, normalizes blood pressure, improves mood, and helps prevent heart attacks and other heart diseases.

So you shouldn’t fight yawning, and it turns out that yawning in class is even useful!
^

Links and literature

Research

Why do people yawn presentations? "Yawn: A Familiar Stranger"

Download:

Preview:

3.2 Yawning is a physiological process that is useful and necessary for a person;

Introduction

Yawning: "Why? Why? When?"

Reason one: lack of oxygen

Reason two: the need for stretching

Reason three: brain overheating

Reason four: boredom

Reason five: monotonous work

Reason seven: nervousness, stress, moment of excitement or tension

Reason eight: fatigue

The contagiousness of yawning

I. A. Goncharov, “Oblomov”

My research

Questionnaire

Poll results

Links and literature

Introduction

Chapter 2. Causes of yawning

Reason one: lack of oxygen

Reason two: the need for stretching

Yawning, we often stretch, tensing the muscles of our arms, legs and back - excellent gymnastics! Blood pressure decreases and muscle tone improves. By yawning a couple of times, you can put yourself in an adequate state. Excellent prevention of heart disease.

Reason three: brain overheating

Reason four: boredom

Reason five: monotonous work

Reason seven: nervousness, stress, moment of excitement or tension

Reason eight: fatigue

·A typical yawn lasts, on average, 6 seconds.

Chapter 3. The contagiousness of yawning

Chapter 4. My research

Poll results

References