Ultrasound examination of the bladder. Bladder: indications for ultrasound and preparation for examination

Ultrasound Bladder is an important part of the examination of a patient with suspected kidney disease and urinary tract. This is a minimally invasive diagnostic method that has no contraindications for use. Approved for use by children, adults, and pregnant women, as it is completely safe.

Women

How is an ultrasound of the bladder performed in women? In order to receive reliable results examination, the patient must adhere to all the doctor’s recommendations, in particular, carry out proper preparation to diagnosis.

This will allow you to obtain reliable data with which you can establish accurate diagnosis and appoint effective treatment. Manipulation is mainly performed transabdominally. However, in some cases, transvaginal access using a special sensor may be indicated.

For men

An ultrasound of the bladder in men is performed through the abdominal wall. And only in cases of severe obesity, ascites, or suspected prostate tumor, is it advisable to use a transrectal approach.

On the peculiarities of preparing men for this study This includes performing a cleansing enema or using a microenema several hours before diagnosis. This will clear the intestines of feces and ensure access of the sensor to the required depth in the rectum.

The main rule for a successful ultrasound is a full bladder. This can be done in two ways:

1. Physiological. It involves the natural filling of the organ with urine over several hours. This method can only be used when the study is scheduled for early morning, because your bladder will fill up overnight. However, this method is not suitable for all people, since many immediately after waking up experience a strong need to empty. Alternatively, you can set the alarm for 3:00-4:00, go to the toilet and be ready for research at the appointed time.
2. Use large quantity liquids. 1-1.5 hours before diagnosis, the patient should drink at least 2-3 glasses of pure still water. Drinking tea or compote is allowed; only milk is prohibited. If there is quite a lot of time left by the appointed hour, but there is already a strong urge to urinate, the patient can release a small amount of urine until relief occurs. However, after this you need to immediately drink 1 more glass of liquid.
3. Use of diuretics. It is used quite rarely when there is no feeling of bladder filling for several hours after drinking 500-700 ml of liquid. This method It is not recommended to use it independently, only in consultation with a specialist.

Ultrasound diagnostics is the ability of ultrasound waves to pass through tissue human body. However, in some cases, for example, when severe flatulence, the test results may be distorted because ultrasound does not pass through air and gases.

To avoid this, if you have a tendency to increased gas formation You should follow a certain diet for 2-3 days before the diagnosis. To do this, you need to remove from daily menu brown bread, legumes, raw fruits and vegetables, milk, sweets, baked goods, and carbonated drinks.

During this period, it is necessary to exclude fried, spicy and salty foods. It is advisable to cook food using steam. The diet should include dietary meat, lean fish, cereals, and eggs.

The last meal should be at least 8 hours before the diagnosis. Therefore, dinner should be planned for 18:00-19:00 in the evening. In the morning you can only drink still water, you cannot eat. The exception is people who need regular meals due to certain diseases.

Research results

What does an ultrasound of the bladder show? By using this method diagnostics can determine the shape, dimensions, external and internal contours, the nature of the contents, the thickness of the walls, their integrity, traumatic injuries organ. Thanks to this data, it is easy to establish a diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment.

At acute cystitis Ultrasound can show the presence of small echogenic particles in the organ cavity (accumulations of red blood cells, leukocytes and other elements). With absence timely treatment the contours of the bladder become uneven, the walls thicken. This indicates the transition of cystitis to the chronic stage.

Detection of echogenic formations is quite large sizes, which are tightly fused to the wall, indicates stones, polyps, ureterocele or prostate hypertrophy in males.

If the formations are mobile, one may suspect the presence of stones, a foreign body, blood clot. Reason this phenomenon There is also air that enters the bladder through a fistula or during insertion of a catheter.

When the organ increases in size, it is necessary to exclude prostatic hyperplasia, a neurogenic bladder, the presence of a large number of stones, impaired urine outflow in the urethra in men and trauma urethra among women.

An ultrasound examination of the bladder will help make a completely painless diagnosis. However, you cannot decipher the results yourself; only a specialist can do this. By following your doctor's recommendations, you can quickly get rid of unpleasant symptoms diseases.

Ultrasound of the bladder is an examination that is based on special properties Ultrasonic waves are reflected from the organ, forming its image on a hardware monitor. Since women are more susceptible to diseases affecting the genitourinary area, they are much more often referred for the procedure ultrasound examination.

For getting accurate results You need to be well prepared for the examination. This method is widely used to diagnose all kinds of diseases.

Indications for use

The ultrasound method is characterized as simple and operational. It has no contraindications and does not cause complications. A study is prescribed if the following symptoms are present:

1. Presence of pain in the lumbar region;
2. Painful sensations with cystitis located in the lower abdomen;
3. Changes in the color of urine, cloudiness and the appearance of flakes, the presence of streaks of blood and sediment;
4. Frequent or less frequent urination;
5. Nocturnal diuresis prevails over daytime, the appearance of urinary incontinence;
6. A sudden increase in body temperature in the absence of other symptoms;
7. The appearance of edema various localizations and intensity;
8. Changes in indicators clinical analysis urine.

An ultrasound scan of the bladder allows us to identify a number of diseases and pathologies of the body, which include:

• Various types of tumor neoplasms arising in the bladder;
• Presence of stones in organs urinary system;
• Inflammatory processes in acute or chronic phases;
• The presence of blindly ending invaginations (diverticula) of the bladder walls.
• All kinds foreign bodies in the bladder;
• Pathologies of the structure of urinary organs excretory system;
• Urine from the bladder enters the ureters.
• The occurrence of blockage with stones and the appearance of obstacles to the exit of urine.

In addition, ultrasound of organs genitourinary system allows you to determine the presence of diseases such as cystitis or chronic pyelonephritis.

Ultrasound examinations in women are carried out to identify diseases of the pelvic organs. In some cases, ultrasound of the genitourinary system includes examination of the uterus and appendages. A sudden increase in temperature, accompanied by the appearance of sharp pain, is also an indication for research, as it may be a symptom of any disease of the excretory system. Experts recommend resorting to the procedure also for preventive purposes.

In addition to diagnosing various kinds pathologies, ultrasound examination is carried out if a more accurate assessment of the effectiveness of treatment is necessary.

Used after a course of chemotherapy or after surgery.

Video: How to prepare for an ultrasound examination

How to prepare for a bladder ultrasound

The procedure for examining the bladder in women is carried out on a full bladder, therefore it is necessary to prepare for the ultrasound in a certain way.

1. Some time before the appointed time, you need to drink a noticeable liter of water, compote or tea. It is important to remember that water should not contain gases. Do not replace liquid with milk. To keep your bladder full, you cannot urinate. If it is impossible to endure the urge to urinate, you can empty the bladder, but then you need to drink a few glasses of water again and by the appointed time the bladder will be filled to the desired level;
2. You don’t have to drink the water, but wait for the bladder to fill on its own. To do this, you need to not empty it for three to four hours. Often the procedure is scheduled for the morning. At the same time, you can prepare for an ultrasound if you don’t urinate in the morning. If this is too difficult, you can go to the toilet a few hours before you finally wake up, but after getting up you shouldn’t do this anymore.

It is important to take into account the fact that a gas-filled intestine can prevent a correct procedure for diagnosing the bladder. For those people who suffer from bloating or constipation, it is recommended that a few days before the scheduled procedure follow a diet in which fresh fruits and vegetables, legumes, carbonated drinks and alcoholic beverages.

If even before the start of the ultrasound it becomes known that the procedure will be carried out through the rectum, a few hours before visiting the office you should do a cleansing enema or use special suppositories.

How to do an ultrasound of the bladder in women

Ultrasound examination of the bladder is usually performed in one of the following ways:

• Abdominal. With this type, the examination is carried out from the anterior abdominal cavity. Is an external type of research;
• Transurethral. The examination is performed through the urethra;
• Transrectally. The examination of the organ is carried out through the rectum.

The most often used is the first method, since the other two are used when it is necessary to confirm or refute problems identified during an external inspection and examination. Which ultrasound method will be used for each patient is determined by the attending physician, who prescribes this procedure. The position in which the patient will be during the examination is determined during the procedure. Usually the patient lies on his back or side; sometimes the doctor may ask the patient to stand up in order to examine the organ for the presence of formations inside it.

In addition to the bladder, women are additionally examined for the uterus and ovaries. Ultrasound provides the opportunity to measure the size of these organs, determine pathologies in their structure and location, as well as shape. In some cases, women undergo transvaginal ultrasound. This method is used for the most complete overview of the condition internal organs and the most accurate diagnosis of certain diseases. Pregnancy and menstruation are not an obstacle to the procedure, but you should notify the doctor in advance so that he can choose the right examination method.

In some cases, patients are prescribed an ultrasound with Doppler ultrasound. It is used when it is necessary to evaluate the parameters of urine flow through the ureters and the state of blood flow in them. Such a study may be required if a specialist suspects the development of vesicoureteral reflux, in which urine flows back into the ureters.

The use of this method when it is necessary to diagnose tumor diseases is irreplaceable.

Decoding indicators

To assess the condition of the bladder as accurately as possible, the doctor deciphers the results of the study. Together with the patient’s complaints, ultrasound data allows us to make the most accurate diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.

The norm is the presence of a smooth and uniform bladder wall. When performing an ultrasound in mandatory The ureters are examined for the presence of tumors in them. The remaining urine is checked for an empty bladder. In cases where it is not indicated on the screen of the device, we can talk about the preparation being carried out in bad faith by the patient and the bladder not being completely filled. This requires rerun analysis. Repeated repetition of the result indicates the presence of the disease.

Results may be less informative when performing an abdominal ultrasound if there is overweight, which can appear in various diseases ( diabetes, renal failure). This is due to the fact that with an excess amount of subcutaneous fat, it is more difficult for the doctor to see a clear picture.

Depending on individual physiological indicators, the concept of normal may change. The size and size of the bladder may vary depending on the amount of liquid that a person regularly drinks.

Video: Ultrasound of the bladder

Perhaps none diagnostic technique is not used as widely in medical practice like ultrasound. This is dictated by several advantages, in particular, its simplicity, relatively low cost of equipment and fairly high information content. Especially for readers of “Popular About Health” I will consider how it is carried out, what does ultrasound show in women of the bladder?

Ultrasound examination (ultrasound), features of the technique

This technique originates around the middle of the last century. It was in those distant years that the first successful attempts were made to use ultrasound to assess the condition of human internal organs.

The ultrasound technique is based on the use sound vibrations ultra-high frequency, not perceptible human ear. When these waves reach the boundaries of zones with different resistances, the beam changes (some of the waves continue to move in the original direction, while the other part is reflected).

The reflected waves are sent in the opposite direction and recorded by a special sensor. After processing the received signal, the device’s software generates an image, which is interpreted by an ultrasound diagnostic specialist.

With help ultrasonic waves you can examine almost any organs: vessels of the head and neck, abdominal and chest cavity, pelvic organs, blood vessels lower and upper limbs, soft fabrics And ligamentous apparatus, developing fetus during pregnancy, retroperitoneal organs (kidneys and pancreas) and so on.

Ultrasound of the bladder

This technique is carried out to determine pathological processes in the bladder itself, as well as in the adjacent anatomical formations: ureters, urethra, soft tissues.

Indications for ultrasound examination in women:

Disorders of urination processes;
The appearance of blood or other impurities in the urine;
Painful or difficult urination;
Pain in suprapubic region;
Dynamics tracking healing process for tumors of this anatomical region;
Determination of stones in the bladder.

An ultrasound examination of the bladder may be performed to examine the condition of other pelvic organs, in particular, blood vessels, soft tissues, and so on.

Ultrasound examination methods for urine bladder

There are several methods to assess the condition of the bladder. They differ in the equipment used, the degree of information content and other indicators.

Transabdominal

The most common technique is transabdominal examination. A directed beam of ultrasonic waves is fed through the front abdominal wall. The patient is in a supine position. Required condition is the maximum fullness of the bladder. This type of study allows you to clearly visualize the condition of the organ itself.

Transvaginal

In this type of ultrasound examination, a probe is inserted into the vagina. The undoubted advantage of the method is its higher information content compared to the previous method, as well as the absence of the need for careful preparation of the patient.

Transrectal

Unlike the previous method, the device’s sensor is inserted into the rectum and therefore this research method is applicable for both women and men. The technique is also highly informative, but has one significant drawback - the need to prepare the patient (enemas and dietary restrictions the day before).

Transurethral

With this type of study, a sensor is inserted into the urethra, which allows you to assess its condition, as well as determine the presence of pathological changes in the bladder. A noticeable disadvantage is the rather high pain of the method, as well as the likelihood of causing injury to the urethra.

What can ultrasound determine in women??

Using this technique, it is possible to determine a number of very important factors. First of all, we are talking about the shape of the bladder. Normally, it should be pear-shaped if the study is carried out in a full state.

In addition, important diagnostic value bears uniformity of the structure of the organ wall. When tumor formations appear, this indicator will change, which indicates the presence of a pathological process.

The volume of the bladder is always determined. In women, this figure ranges from 250 to 550 milliliters. For men it is slightly larger - up to 750 ml. The thickness of the walls depends on the degree of fullness of the organ and can vary from 2 to 5 or more millimeters.

It is also necessary to define such a concept as residual urine - this is the volume of organ contents that does not disappear even after a field complete emptying. This diagnostic indicator more important for men than for women. For representatives of the fairer sex, it should not exceed 50 milliliters.

Signs of pathology

Signs of diseases of the bladder, as well as other organs, are extremely variable. An ultrasound picture can visualize tumor formations, stones or flakes, cysts, changes in shape due to various factors, narrowing of the lumen of the urethra or ureters, and so on.

Conclusion

Interpretation of ultrasound data is a challenging task that can only be accomplished by subject matter specialist- an ultrasound diagnostics doctor, and the doctor’s qualifications are of decisive importance.

Ultrasound of the bladder is considered important diagnostic method in urology and related fields of medicine (gynecology, andrology, etc.). Typically, this procedure is performed in conjunction with an ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and pelvis. This is necessary for differential diagnosis bladder disorders from other diseases with similar symptoms.

Why is an ultrasound examination of the bladder necessary?

Ultrasound of the bladder is indispensable for diagnosis inflammatory diseases kidneys and urinary system, with cystitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the organ), urinary incontinence. And also with increasing prostate gland in men and other disorders. The scan shows the size of the organ, its shape, volume, wall thickness, and the volume of residual urine (with a double procedure).

As a result of an ultrasound scan, a doctor can identify the following pathologies:

• urinary tumors (benign and malignant);
• stones, sand and foreign bodies in the organ cavity;
• degree of inflammation of the mucous membrane (with cystitis);
• wall diverticula;
• congenital developmental anomalies;
• reflux of urine from the bladder back into the ureters;
• blockage of the urethra (stone or tumor).

Ultrasound with Doppler (Doppler) is also often used. This procedure allows you to evaluate not only the size of the organ, but also see how freely urine moves through the ureters. In addition, Doppler ultrasound makes it possible to trace the direction of urine flow, its shape and symmetry.

Indications for the study

Ultrasound of the bladder is usually done as part of comprehensive examination patient. The doctor may prescribe a referral for an ultrasound if characteristic symptoms, and also when monitoring of recovery after surgery or chemotherapy is necessary. Portable ultrasound machines are also used at home if daily monitoring is required to analyze the function of the urinary system.

The main indications for ultrasound diagnostics are:

• change in color or noticeable blood in the urine;
• sediment or flakes;
• pulling or sharp pain when urinating;
• unnatural frequent urge to urination (even if there is no pain);
• urine volume is too small;
• discomfort or pain in the bladder area (above the pubis).

A control ultrasound of the bladder is always prescribed after tumor removal, regardless of whether it was organ resection or endoscopic surgery. Removal of stones from the urinary tract, surgery on the ureters and urethra, transurethral resection of the prostate also require a final ultrasound scan.

The doctor may also send the patient for such an ultrasound if there is a suspicion of inflammation of the prostate (in men) or the uterine appendages (in women). This procedure is mandatory when diagnosing inflammation and congenital anomalies ureters, kidney diseases.

Types of ultrasound

How is an ultrasound of the bladder performed? For cystitis, the doctor usually recommends one of two methods: transabdominal or transvaginal. But modern medicine knows and applies 4 options ultrasound diagnostics this organ.

1. Transabdominal (through the external abdominal wall).

External ultrasound of the bladder is used most often; the main condition is a full bladder. This method does not bring any discomfort to the patient, but with urinary incontinence and obesity such ultrasound is impossible.

1. Transvaginal.

Helps to spend more accurate diagnosis patients compared with the previous method. The procedure is performed with an empty bladder.

1. Transrectal.

The method is suitable for men and girls who are not sexually active. This procedure is also considered more informative than external ultrasound. In men, this makes it possible to assess the relationship between prostate damage and diseases of the urinary system.

1. Transurethral.

This type of ultrasound is used least often - inserting a sensor into the urethra can lead to damage and requires mandatory anesthesia. However, this procedure is indispensable for inflammation of the urethra. Transurethral scanning shows the extent of damage to the canal walls and allows you to assess the condition of neighboring organs.

Ultrasound of the bladder may include an assessment of the volume of the organ with determination of residual urine and examination of its wall.

Measuring the volume of the organ itself and residual urine takes place in 2 stages. First scanned full bubble, then the patient is sent to the toilet and a second ultrasound is performed. Fluid volume is measured before and after urination. This procedure is necessary when identifying the causes of urinary outflow problems. For cystitis and other disorders of the urinary system, scanning of the bladder wall is also performed - transverse and longitudinal.

Preparing for a bladder ultrasound

Proper preparation for an ultrasound of the bladder is a guarantee that the results will be accurate and the diagnosis will be error-free. Each type of ultrasound requires special preparation, so you need to ask your doctor in advance which diagnostic method is right for you.

For a transabdominal procedure for cystitis and other disorders, you need to go with your intestines prepared. To do this, in 3-4 days you will have to exclude from the diet all dishes that provoke flatulence and bloating. This is cabbage, peas and beans, fresh apples, milk and baked goods. You can take Espumisan. It is advisable to do a cleansing enema or just go to the toilet the day before the procedure.

External ultrasound is the only one that requires a full bladder b. This condition can be ensured in two ways: either do not go to the toilet in the morning before the procedure (4-5 hours), or drink 1.5 liters of liquid an hour and a half before the ultrasound. It can be water without gas, Herb tea, fruit drink or compote.

For transrectal ultrasound, it is necessary to thoroughly cleanse the intestines the day before. Microenemas, mild laxatives or anal suppositories are suitable. Transvaginal ultrasound is performed with an empty bowel and an empty bladder. And if transurethral ultrasound is prescribed, it is enough to refuse hearty breakfast and cigarettes a few hours before the procedure. The last two varieties also require careful hygiene procedures before analysis.

Norms of ultrasound results

Interpretation of the results of an ultrasound scan of the bladder includes several parameters, on the basis of which the attending physician makes a diagnosis. final diagnosis. These indicators include:

• bladder shape and volume;
• residual urine (volume);
• organ structure;
• wall thickness;
• filling and emptying.

The shape of the organ differs between men and women, with the latter having a significant influence on appearance bladder are influenced by the position of the uterus and pregnancy, the number of births. Fine complete organ has the shape of a pear, the empty one is saucer-shaped. In women it is wider on the sides and compressed at the top.

The volume also varies depending on the gender of the patient. For women – 250-550 ml, for men – 350-750. Residual urine should not exceed 50 ml (in healthy person it shouldn't exist at all). Normal wall thickness is in the range of 2-4 mm, and average speed emptying - 50 ml/hour.

Ultrasound of the bladder is one of the most informative methods diagnosis of urinary system disorders. And the variety of methods of this research allows us to take into account individual characteristics patient and make the most accurate diagnosis.

Ultrasound is modern method diagnosis of a huge number of diseases various organs. It is considered to be absolutely safe, so this procedure indicated for people of any age, including newborns, and gender.

Very often, ultrasound is performed to assess the condition of the urinary system. But in order for the research to give as much as possible exact information, some kind of preparation is required for an ultrasound of the bladder.

Indications and features of the procedure

Patients may be referred for an ultrasound examination of the bladder if they have:

• changes in urine color;
• pain when urinating;
• pain in the suprapubic region;
• sediment in the urine visible to the naked eye;
• blood in urine, etc.

In addition to diagnostics various diseases, this procedure is carried out to assess the effectiveness of treatment by the presence or absence of positive dynamics. Most often this is necessary when undergoing a course of chemotherapy or after surgery.

Features of preparation

The procedure is performed on a full bladder, so the main preparation for an ultrasound of the bladder is to fill it. This can be achieved by drinking approximately 1 liter of still water an hour before the procedure. In cases where the study is scheduled for the morning, you can go to the clinic immediately after waking up, without visiting the toilet. If it is impossible to refrain from urinating in the morning, it is recommended to set the alarm clock 2-3 hours earlier than the scheduled wake-up time, visit the restroom and go back to sleep. Moreover, after the final rise, the intensity of the urge will not be too great, which will allow you to reach medical institution with full bladder, ready for examination.

Important: water can be replaced with tea, compote or other non-carbonated drink, but not with milk or fermented milk products. If a patient is diagnosed with kidney pathologies, he may be advised to take diuretic medications.

In addition to filling the bladder, patients need to take care of the condition of the intestines before the study, since its overcrowding with gases can interfere with the procedure. Therefore, within a couple of days before the appointed date, it is recommended to take Activated carbon or its equivalent, as well as follow a diet that helps reduce gas formation. That is, on these days you should not consume:

• fresh vegetables and fruits;
• legumes;
• carbonated drinks;
• baked goods;
• dairy and fermented milk products;
• alcohol.

Attention! The correct one allows you to conduct a full examination of not only the bladder, but also the prostate gland in men, as well as the ovaries and uterus in women.

If, even before the study is carried out, it is known that it will be carried out through the rectum, then, among other things, a cleansing enema or a glycerin suppository must be done a few hours before the procedure.

How is the procedure performed?

How an ultrasound of the bladder is done depends on its condition, degree of fullness, presence accompanying pathologies and some other factors. In general, the examination is usually performed using the transabdominal (through the abdomen) method. With this approach, the patient is placed on the couch on his back. He is asked to remove clothing from his lower abdomen, to which the doctor applies a special gel. After this, the doctor applies the sensor to the place where the gel was applied and, with slight pressure, moves it along the surface of the abdomen to different sides, examining the bladder and nearby organs.

Transabdominal ultrasound

Important: in certain cases, to clarify the situation, the specialist may ask the patient to visit the toilet and return to the ultrasound room to assess the condition of the bladder after emptying it. This is usually required to diagnose prostate pathologies.

As a rule, the procedure lasts no more than 20 minutes, after which the patient immediately receives a form with the examination results and is sent to his attending physician. But in some cases it may be necessary to conduct an examination through:

• Rectum. This type The study is indicated when an ultrasound of the prostate and bladder is necessary, but it can also be used if the patient has fluid in the abdominal cavity, obesity, or other factors that make examination through the abdominal wall difficult. In addition, the indication for transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is the need to examine girls who have not lost their hymen, for whom transabdominal examination is difficult.
• Vagina. Ultrasound of the bladder in women is performed transvaginally in the presence of obesity, adhesive process, tumor formation, etc.

In such cases, a condom is placed on a special sensor, a small amount of conductive gel is applied and it is inserted shallowly into the natural openings.

Transrectal ultrasound

Sometimes patients are prescribed an ultrasound with Doppler ultrasound. It is carried out if it is necessary to evaluate the parameters of urine flow through the ureters and the state of blood flow in the organs being studied. This is required if there is a suspicion of vesicoureteral reflux, in which urine, for one reason or another, is thrown back from the bladder into the ureters. Doppler ultrasound is also indispensable in diagnosing tumor formations.

Another variation of this diagnostic method is intravesical or transurethral ultrasound. To carry it out, a special, thinnest sensor is used, which is inserted into the patient’s body through the urethra. It is prescribed if necessary:

• determine the degree of damage to the walls of the urethra and the neck of the bladder;
• differentiate or find the relationship between diseases of the bladder and urethra;
• assess the degree of damage to neighboring organs.

Decoding the results

During the study, the specialist evaluates bladder parameters such as:

• structure;
• form;
• clarity of contours;
• Wall thickness;
• volume;
• filling speed;
• amount of residual urine (if necessary).

Normally, the bladder is a symmetrical, completely echo-negative organ, that is, it looks like a black spot without inclusions on the device screen. In different projections it can be round or ovoid. Its edges are clear and smooth, and the thickness of the walls is 0.3–0.5 cm. If the amount of residual urine is assessed, then normally its volume should not exceed 50 ml.

At the end of the examination, the ultrasound doctor gives the patient a completed form with the diagnostic results, which indicates the conclusion of this specialist, but the interpretation of the bladder ultrasound is performed by the attending doctor. He also makes the final diagnosis, since for this it is necessary not only to compare the obtained indicators with normal ones, but also to take into account the entire complex of symptoms that are present in the patient.

Thus, using ultrasound you can diagnose:

• tumors of the bladder and nearby organs;
• wall diverticula;
• spicy and chronic inflammation mucous membrane;
• presence of foreign bodies;
• anomalies of development and structure;
• backflow of urine into the ureters;
• blockage of the urethra with a stone, etc.

The procedure is completely safe even for pregnant women and newborns

Quite often, patients are prescribed an ultrasound of the bladder with cystitis to assess the extent of organ damage. In the case of the development of acute cystitis, sediment is found in the cavity of the bladder, that is, small echogenic particles, the number of which may vary. Thus, ultrasound reflects clusters various cells, for example, leukocytes, erythrocytes, epithelium, as well as salt crystals. In this case, the location of such sediment will change depending on the position of the patient’s body. But in acute cystitis, the walls of the bladder usually remain intact normal thickness and clarity of the contour. Thickening of its walls and the appearance of irregularities is a sign of an advanced chronic process.