The normal functioning of organs and systems is manifested by a number of factors, and among them, the well-functioning work of the excretory systems is far from the last. Indeed, with the help of the same urination, our body is cleansed of many decay products, and some failures in this process bring serious discomfort, can be considered as a symptom of some serious illnesses and provoke different kind complications. For any urination disorders, doctors use a term such as dysuria, let's talk about what this condition is, how it is treated, what are the possible symptoms and causes of this disorder.

As we have already specified, the term dysuria is used to refer to all possible disorders urination. The symptoms of such conditions may vary, but they all require adequate correction and quick help. Among the forms of dysuria, frequent and difficult urination, urinary retention, urinary incontinence, nighttime urination, as well as polyuria, oliguria, anuria and nocturia can be distinguished.

Where does dysuria come from, what are the reasons for its appearance?

Dysuria can be provoked by the most various factors. So frequent urination is often a symptom of acute cystitis, prostate adenoma, urolithiasis. In older women, this phenomenon is often observed in various gynecological ailments, for example, when the anterior wall of the vagina is lowered.

Difficulty urinating in most cases is the result of some kind of obstruction to the normal outflow of urine. It can be an adenoma or cancer of the prostate, urethral stricture, tumors, phimosis, etc. In addition, such a violation can be triggered by some neurological changes, in this case, doctors talk about a neurogenic bladder.

Acute urinary retention requires immediate correction, it may occur due to trauma to the urethra, acute prostatitis, stricture, obturating stone in the bladder, and also due to prostate adenoma. Also, such a pathology can develop after surgical interventions, the consumption of diuretic compounds, alcohol, etc.

This form of dysuria, such as urinary incontinence, can be caused by impaired functions of the detrusor or sphincter of the bladder, as well as the urethra. In addition, such pathological condition may be a symptom of inflammation, an overactive bladder, muscle weakness, and prolapse of the vaginal wall. Bedwetting in children is often explained neurological disorders or an elementary absence conditioned reflex to suppress the urge to urinate during the night's rest.

Sometimes different forms dysuria develops in response to consumption of certain medicines, in addition, they can be provoked by infectious and inflammatory diseases genitourinary system and nearby organs.

What does dysuria look like, what are its symptoms?

Urinary dysfunction may present with different symptoms, depending on the form of dysuria. Some patients experience particularly frequent urination, while others are concerned about the inability to relieve themselves for a day or more. Sometimes ailments make themselves felt by some difficulties in urination, painful sensations when trying to complete this process or during it. In certain cases, patients complain of involuntary excretion of urine.

Additional symptoms often becomes some increase in body temperature. Patients may be disturbed discomfort in the perineal region or in the lower abdomen. In addition, there may be a discharge of cloudy urine, in some cases blood impurities are visible in it.

How is dysuria corrected, what treatment helps?

Therapy of dysuria directly depends on the type of disorder and the cause of its development. Some patients can cope with the problem by performing special exercises to strengthen muscles. Others need to systematically train the bladder, establishing a habitual urination rhythm.

In certain cases, the correction involves the use of special devices designed to keep the urogenital organs in place, in addition, removable urethral obturators can be used to prevent untimely release of urine.
Sometimes, to strengthen the muscles and restore their normal activity, electrical stimulation is performed.

In some cases, treatment for dysuria involves taking medication to relax the bladder as much as possible. Other patients are prescribed drugs for hormone therapy, such drugs will be needed by women during menopause.

Correction of urination disorders can also be carried out by taking anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral or antifungal compounds, if the corresponding particles have caused the development of disorders. Some patients are shown taking sedative formulations and agents that affect nervous regulation bladder activity.

In many cases successful treatment dysuria is impossible without surgical intervention. So the help of surgeons is needed for various tumors, congenital disorders, improper position of the bladder, etc.

Timely diagnosis and proper treatment of dysuria in most cases can achieve full recovery.

Ekaterina, www.site

P.S. The text uses some forms characteristic of oral speech.

Dysuria is a violation of the process of urination. Is not individual disease, but a symptom of a functional or organic damage organs of the excretory system. Dysuric disorders are manifested against the background of other diseases and can occur in different forms in both men and women, children, but most often they can be observed in the elderly. It causes a lot of inconvenience and discomfort, and often severe pain. Such symptoms cannot go unnoticed, therefore, they require medical intervention.

Manifestations depend on the form of dysuria and the disease it accompanies. They are conditionally divided into 3 categories:

1. Problems associated with the failure of the accumulation of urine (frequent urination, incontinence, involuntary urination while a person is sleeping).
2. Signs that relate to a violation of urine output (problems with urination, weak or intermittent stream, urine splashing).
3. Symptoms that occur immediately after emptying (feeling of incomplete emptying, leakage).

The disease is often accompanied by the following symptoms:

• acute pain in the lower abdomen;
• prolonged burning;
• pain during the urinary act;
• various difficulties when trying to go to the toilet;
• lack of urine production for a long period (a day or more).

In addition, other symptoms may also occur: fever, itching in the perineal area, permanent allocations from the genitals, cloudy urine (sometimes with blood). If there are at least some of the above signs, you should immediately sign up for a consultation with a doctor. Especially it concerns acute delay urine, because in this case, a person’s condition can be extremely life-threatening and signal irreversible pathological processes in organism.

Annoying factors

The causes of dysuria are very diverse. It may result from some physiological changes in the body: pregnancy, menopause, hypothermia, condition alcohol intoxication, disorders of the central nervous system, stress and even just psychological stress. There are cases of its appearance and as side effect after medical procedures diuretic drugs.

The disease may be associated with defects in the functioning of the genitourinary system and acquired pathologies (imperfection in the placement of organs, injuries, fistulas and scars, postoperative condition). Often the reasons for these unpleasant symptoms associated with urinary tract infection or inflammation of the bladder. These signs are observed with cystitis, vulvovaginitis, sexually transmitted infections. Dysuria in men can be a harbinger of prostate problems.

Sometimes similar signs they are also encountered with lesions not of the bladder itself, but of the organs near it - the inflammatory process of appendicitis, diseases of the small pelvis or intestines. The same applies to kidney diseases, for example, the presence of stones or pyelonephritis, which negatively affect the urinary system. The factors for the occurrence of dysuria include malignant formations of the genitourinary system and neighboring organs (intestines, stomach, pelvic bones).

Dysuria in women is caused by a number of gynecological diseases: inflammatory diseases of the vulva, vagina and cervix. Problems with urination are common as a result of endocrine diseases, for example, with diabetes. Patients with this disease are more susceptible to infection than others different types infections due to hyperglycemia.

In addition, neglect of hygiene rules can affect such backfire. This is especially true for women, since their urethra is shorter than a man's. It is located close to the vagina and rectum, inhabited by harmful microbes. Improper washing can contribute to the penetration of many bacteria into the body. Excessive sexual activity and frequent change sexual partners increases the risk of infection.

Forms of the disease

Exist different types dysuria, which differ in their signs and methods of struggle. The most common:

• pollakiuria;;
• incontinence;
• strangury;
• painful urination;
• ischuria.

Pollakiuria - frequent urination. Characterized frequent urges to the toilet, and the very excretion of urine occurs in small portions. This phenomenon occurs in the following pathological conditions:

• cystitis (with sharp pain sensations);
• prostate adenoma (urges become more frequent at night, as there is a rush of blood to the pelvic organs and the gland becomes larger);
• stones in the bladder (urine excretion is more often observed during the day);
• prolapse of the anterior wall of the vagina;
• a number of other gynecological diseases.

Non-containment - uncontrolled urination with a sudden urge. Allocate urgative urination and stress. In the first variant, a person has an irresistible desire to go to the toilet, which can be traced with inflammation of the bladder or its hyperreactivity. In the second case, involuntary excretion of urine occurs when coughing, sneezing, lifting heavy weights, etc. This condition is predetermined weak muscles pelvic floor and sphincter. It is especially common to see it in females. old age, is considered a consequence of the prolapse of the vaginal wall, as well as menopause.

Incontinence - involuntary uncontrolled urinary incontinence without prior urge. With all this, there is absolutely no feeling of overcrowding of the bubble. Bedwetting (enuresis) is common in children. Its determining factor may be the absence of a conditioned reflex to contain the urge to urinate while a person is sleeping.

Stranguria is a difficult process with ailments and a lack of a feeling of emptying to the end. There is a phenomenon with various neurological changes, adenoma, prostate cancer, bladder tumors. Painful urination accompanies various gynecological and urological ailments.

Ischuria - the inability to independently empty the bladder. The culprit may be a urinary tract blockage or spasm. smooth muscle along with damage to the nervous system. At the same time, the patient cannot go to the toilet, despite the overcrowding of the bladder.

Diagnosis of the disease

Since dysuria can lead to serious complications If symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. A urologist, gynecologist and neuropathologist can identify the causes of the disease and prescribe its treatment, and in acute forms, emergency hospitalization may be necessary.

History taking includes full information about the duration of symptoms, their localization. Since at various diseases pain can manifest itself in different places. The doctor clarifies previous diseases and manipulations of a urological nature. During the examination, an assessment of the functioning of all indicators of the body should be made. In women, it is necessary to analyze the pelvic area, and in men, the external genitalia.

In addition to consulting a doctor, you may need whole line events:

• gynecological or general examination;
• sowing urine on the flora to identify bacteria that are the causative agent of infections or inflammations;
• microscopy of a gynecological smear;
• bacteriological culture;
• ultrasound examination of the organs of the reproductive and urinary systems;
• cystoscopy ( endoscopy Bladder);
• comprehensive urodynamic examination.

Signs that you need to pay special attention to when diagnosing:

• fever;
• pain in the lumbar region;
• the presence of immunodeficiency;
• recently produced instrumental studies;
• recurrence of infections and other urological ailments.

Women during pregnancy, elderly patients and patients with prolonged or recurrent dysuria require special attention and more thorough examination. If you let things take their course, a number of complications may occur: irritation and abrasions of the skin of the perineum, infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, constant discomfort, accumulation toxic substances in blood and death. But even after treatment, some complications are possible, especially after surgical procedures, so it is better to do everything on time and not start the disease.

You should not independently diagnose your problems, because many ailments have similar symptoms and annoying factors. Only experienced specialist will be able to distinguish between different forms and diseases, while doing a number of instrumental and other examinations. Problems of the genitourinary system can lead to significant complications and negative consequences.

Course of therapy

Treatment of the disease depends on its form and stage. In infectious and inflammatory diseases, drugs are most often prescribed with antibacterial action. Conservative treatment includes the following methods:

• the use of medications that regulate the functioning of the bladder;
• the use of antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial drugs;
• treatment with drugs that help relax the bladder;
• sedative therapy when dysuria is caused by stress and nervous experiences.
• exercises that strengthen the muscles of the perineum;
• bladder training and the development of a regular urination regimen;
• application additional funds to hold the genitourinary organs in the small pelvis in case of their prolapse or means that prevent the unconscious release of urine;
• electrical stimulation of the muscles of the perineum for their renewal and strengthening.

If the problem is a consequence of menopause, apply hormone therapy. Patients with a more complex form of the disease need hospitalization. Surgery may be performed different ways: loop (sling) operations, which are aimed at creating an artificial sphincter of the urethra from one's own tissues or synthetic materials.

The patient will not be able to prescribe a course of medication on his own, because not all forms of the disease can be cured by such therapy. In some cases, you need urgent hospitalization with subsequent operation. No time to waste, contact immediately medical institution for qualified help.

In addition, operations are carried out to eliminate malignant formations, fixation of the bladder in case of its incorrect placement and plastic surgery to correct congenital malformations of the urinary organs. Physicians use periurethral injections, through which substances are injected into the tissues that affect their size, which facilitates the closure of the sphincter. Meanwhile, during drug treatment it is worth following some recommendations: bed rest, the use of a heating pad, as heat promotes blood supply to the mucous membrane of the urinary tract. You also need to watch your diet and consume right amount fluids, as this will increase urine output.

Disease prevention

In order not to have to treat dysuria, it is best to deal with its prevention. For this, it is necessary to treat infectious-inflammatory and neoplastic diseases genitourinary system, and drugs should be taken only in accordance with the appointment of a specialist. The patient needs to control his weight and keep active, healthy lifestyle life, engage in physical education, or choose some kind of healthy hobby (swimming, cycling, brisk walking). For preventive purposes, you can do exercises to strengthen the muscles of the perineum and lead a healthy lifestyle.

It is advisable to limit the lifting of heavy objects without special need and avoid hypothermia, adhere to all hygiene rules. People should monitor the regularity of urination. You can not tolerate if you want to go to the toilet, as this can cause stagnation of urine in the bladder. It is necessary to keep the pH level normal. To do this, use vitamin C and medicines from cranberries, because they prevent the growth of bacteria to the mucous membrane of the urinary tract. In addition, do not forget about scheduled inspections. The gynecologist must be visited 2 times a year.

Dysuria or dysuric disorder is a term that combines a group of symptoms and clinically manifest abnormalities that are associated with disorders in natural process urination. These may include difficult, or too much, incontinence or urinary retention in the body. In addition to the frequently occurring signs, there may be separate, rarer, little-known cases with separate symptoms.

• Urological and nephrological factors. Dysuria is most typical for infections or tumors of the urinary system: kidneys, bladder, ureters and urinary canals; observed with the occurrence of scars on the walls of the bladder.
• Gynecological and andrological factors. Urination disorder can be triggered by diseases of the prostate gland, inflammatory processes, infections or genital organs caused by weakening muscle tissue in the crotch. Symptoms in women are also observed during pregnancy, premenstrual or menopausal syndrome.
• endocrine factors. Dysuric syndrome can occur with sugar and diabetes insipidus and other endocrine diseases.
• neurological factors. Neurological dysuria usually occurs with severe nervous shocks, regular stress, chronic overwork and degenerative diseases central nervous system. Effects of alcohol and others narcotic substances can also cause dysuria.
• Physiological factors. Urination disorder can be both temporary (during rehabilitation after injuries or surgeries), and permanent (due to chronic diseases, birth defects development or acquired defects in the structure of the organs of the genitourinary system).

Classification

It is characterized by rapid and often painful urination. Most often observed in patients with acute form and urolithiasis, also similar symptoms in men are observed with ( benign neoplasm on the tissues of the prostate gland, which often occurs in men after 40 years). In women, frequent urination may occur as a result of gynecological diseases. With pollakiuria, the number of urges to urinate during the day can reach 8 or more times.

More often expressed as a symptom of an obstruction to the outflow of urine, which is possible with adenoma or prostate cancer, or (narrowing of the opening foreskin). However, this disorder can also occur with deformities or neurological changes in the structure of the muscular wall of the bladder.

1. Chronic.

This form of dysuria can lead to decompensation of the bladder wall, which in turn is also a complication after a long difficulty in the act of emptying. At the first stages, urination occurs quite often, but in small portions, then, in the process of developing decompensation, the remains of unextracted urine begin to linger and accumulate in the bladder cavity.

If the cause of the pathology is not identified and eliminated in time, the volume of accumulated fluid increases, which can provoke chronic difficulty urinating. Such an outcome is fraught severe violation muscle tone of the bladder, and then the function of its sphincter, which inevitably entails complete absence ability to urinate independently.

Next comes a condition in which urine begins to flow involuntarily due to overflow of the bladder, namely - paradoxical ischuria. Such a complex disorder of urination in men occurs with extremely advanced stages of prostate adenoma or with severe lesions of the central nervous system.

Unlike chronic delay, given form dysuria can occur quite spontaneously and is one of the emergency conditions. This disorder may be caused by large sizes a stone in the bladder or ureter that prevents the process of emptying, trauma or narrowing of the urethra, as well as acute prostatitis.

Among other things, such consequences can be caused by factors such as taking an excessive amount of diuretics, alcohol, spicy foods food, surgical operations on organs abdominal cavity or sedentary image life.

Incontinence is conditionally divided into true incontinence (uncontrolled release of urine through urethra) and false (liquid exit through birth defects in the urinary system). In addition, with infections of the bladder or ureter, urine can enter the body through fistulas or ruptures.

True incontinence is often the result of a violation of the basic functions of the sphincter or detrusor (muscle membrane) of the bladder and urethra.

Doctors also distinguish between urgent (or imperative) and stress urinary incontinence.

• Urge incontinence can be one of the symptoms of an overactive bladder or an acute form of inflammation of one of the organs of the urinary system. It is characterized by excessive activity of the bladder wall and is expressed mainly by strong, uncontrollable urge to urinate.
• Stress incontinence is a sign of loss of tone in the pelvic floor muscles and bladder sphincter. This form of the disorder can appear in women during menopause due to hormonal imbalance or in old age due to prolapse of the anterior wall of the vagina. It is characterized by involuntary excretion of urine during sudden movements, fast walking, sneezing, coughing, lifting heavy objects, etc.

A separate type of incontinence is (involuntary nocturnal urination), which is the result of the absence of a developed conditioned reflex that suppresses the urge to empty the bladder during sleep. May occur in children, most often boys, and usually resolves completely without medical intervention to the onset of puberty.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of dysuria is aimed primarily at identifying the form and severity of the disorder, and of course, the true root cause of the symptoms. To begin with, specialists conduct a detailed survey of the patient in order to maximally clarify the duration, frequency and severity of manifestations of the symptoms of the disease, as well as to make a preliminary diagnosis. After systematizing complaints and general inspection The patient is given the following tests:

1. (to establish the probability inflammatory processes in the urinary system).
2. (to detect possible infectious agents, damaging organs urinary system).
3. ultrasound examination of the organs of the genitourinary system (to determine the presence or absence of congenital and acquired pathologies, defects and deformities).
4. (allows you to get images of the bladder in different projections to study the processes or changes occurring in it).

Women need to complete gynecological examination in order to detect possible inflammatory or infectious diseases genitals.

At high probability neurological disorders, patients are prescribed magnetic resonance or (MRI or CT).

Treatment

The main thing in the treatment of urinary disorders in women and men is the elimination of the root cause, that is, the disease that caused the dysfunction of the bladder or urethra (urethra).

When infections or inflammatory processes are detected, they are usually prescribed special diet, recovery measures water balance in the body and eliminate pain, if necessary - therapy with the use of anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral drugs.

If we are talking about benign or malignant neoplasms, pathologies and deformities, then surgical intervention may be indicated:

• operations to eliminate the tumor;
• interstitial injections;
• operations to correct the location and fixation of the bladder;
• creation of an artificial sphincter;
• operations to correct or correct defects in the development of the genitourinary system.

TO conservative methods treatment of dysuria in women and men include:

1. exercise or electrical stimulation to strengthen the muscles of the perineum and pelvic floor.
2. a special diet that excludes foods that irritate the flora of the bladder.
3. development of bladder endurance by establishing a schedule for urination.
4. sedatives or sedatives(with disorders associated with stress and nervous shocks).
5. stimulants, regulators, normalizing the work of the organs of the urinary system.
6. hormone therapy (for incontinence in menopausal women).
7. the use of devices to support or hold the organs of the genitourinary system in the small pelvis.

Prevention

In order to avoid urination disorders, it is worth carefully monitoring the condition of the organs of the urinary and reproductive systems, in a timely manner, taking all measures to cure inflammatory, infectious and viral diseases.

It is important to control body weight, give preference to an active lifestyle, avoid hypothermia and do not forget about mandatory personal hygiene.

In order to ensure that complications and nervous shocks associated with them are avoided, if any symptoms of the disease appear, do not hesitate and contact a specialist.