Are all moles with a sore cancerous? Malignant moles: photo and description

Every Tuesday, AiF Health explains what signs might indicate that you need to see a doctor. This week we will tell you why moles are dangerous, how to notice the first signs of a mole's degeneration intomalignant tumor of the skin and which specialist to contact for help.

Many do not pay attention to such a “rebirth” and think that their body is still just a harmless speck. Meanwhile, early diagnosis helps to defeat the disease.

Is it time to sound the alarm?

Moles, or, speaking scientific language, - nevi, are on the body of each person. It is believed that most of them, up to 90%, appear by the age of 25. But they can also occur later - under the influence of various events. For example, a typical phenomenon is when they literally pour out during pregnancy. Sometimes moles disappear over time. They can be yellow, brown, black. This is all within normal limits and nothing to worry about.

But it happens that a mole begins to grow unevenly or changes color, its surface becomes “polished” or it begins to bleed - that is, changes occur in it. Another option is the appearance new mole unusual look. It is precisely such incomprehensible neoplasms that require close attention.

When the sun is the enemy

Probably, everyone already knows that chocolate tan has little to do with health. Ultraviolet causes DNA damage and is. The more time a person spends exposing the body to the rays, the higher the probability unpleasant consequences. The activity of the sun is also important. It is no coincidence that dermatologists strongly advise not to be on the beach between 11 am and 4 pm, when it is most aggressive.

A (asymmetry) - asymmetry. The mole grows unevenly to the side. Normally, if an imaginary straight line is drawn through the middle of the mole, the halves will be symmetrical.

B (border irregularity) - jagged edge. It can be jagged, indistinct, and this is one of the signs of melanoma. Normally, the mole has smooth edges.

C (color) - color. Its heterogeneity, blotches of black, red, gray shades should alert. Normally, the mole is entirely one color.

D (diameter) - diameter. If the mole is more than 6 mm in diameter (about the size of an eraser on the tip of a pencil), it requires the attention of a specialist.

E (evolving) - variability. This refers to the variability of any characteristic: color, shape, size - all this is a reason to pay a visit to a dermatologist. Normally, moles remain unchanged throughout life.

Everyone should examine their moles more or less regularly, without exception, but there is a category of people who need to triple their attention to them. These are, first of all, those whose relatives suffered from melanoma or other oncological diseases, and those who have already had suspicious moles removed.

Besides, increased risk have fair hair and fair skin.

If there are alarming symptoms, the doctor may prescribe dermatoscopy and even make an individual photograph of moles. The device photographs them, and then special program creates a diagram of their location on the body.

When a person comes to the doctor next time, it will be possible to compare the “maps” of a year ago and the current one: are there any new formations, changes in the old ones. Dermatologists are sure that these cards are excellent.

Last Tuesday AiF Health told,

Surely you have ever come across the concept of "melanoma". For many people, this term means “some kind of skin disease”, and not everyone is aware of what exactly this disease is. Melanoma is calledmalignant moles. In other words, it's skin cancer.

Causes of the disease

It is not yet possible to determine the specific causes of melanoma, since to date this disease has not been fully investigated. However, there are risk factors, the presence of which accompanies the appearance of malignant moles.

Among them:

• Exposure to ultraviolet radiation on uncovered areas of the skin on which there is an accumulation of moles of a normal nature. The source of such light can be both the sun and a bactericidal lamp that gives the skin an artificial tan (these are installed in solariums).
• excessive White skin a person by nature, as well as bright red hair from birth. Oddly enough, but it is precisely such signs of appearance that affect the appearance of melanoma and may well become the cause of its appearance.
• Heredity: this disease often passes from generation to generation. Therefore, if there were people in your family with a malignant nature of moles, beware of direct exposure to sunlight (especially in the summer from eleven to sixteen hours, when the sun is at its zenith). It is also better and safer for your health not to go to tanning salons. On the beach, you should at least wear light-colored light trousers: they will block 28 percent of ultraviolet radiation. It is important to know what malignant moles look like so that you can spot them as soon as they appear.
• Lots of moles. It means that if there are more than fifty of them on your body, then the visit to the solarium will also have to be canceled. If there are more than forty to fifty moles on the skin, try to avoid the sun. On the beach, it is desirable to spend most of the time under an umbrella, and in the usual summer, wear wide-brimmed hats and more or less closed clothes. Remember that during the period of spring and autumn, the sun's rays have a much weaker effect on the human body, and therefore a tan does not appear during this period.
• Elderly age. Melanoma can appear both in young people and in the older generation, but in people old age malignant moles are found much more often, and the process of their treatment in such cases is complicated by features that are not completely healthy body, responsive to different kind drugs.
• Male gender. By mysterious reasons melanoma was seen more frequently in men. explain it with scientific point no one has succeeded in seeing to this day, but the fact remains.
• Pregnant women are at particular risk, and UV exposure is contraindicated for them. And due to the fact that today the fact of the harmfulness of a long stay under the sun due to the same ultraviolet glow has been proven, women in a delicate position should not appear under direct sunlight.
• Lots of freckles. Melanoma is especially dangerous for those freckled people in whom pigmentation appears very quickly, as soon as they appear in the sun. Such people should always be monitored for signs of malignant mole.

Signs of a malignant mole

Be that as it may, it is worth knowing that malignant moles can appear both in people with white skin and in representatives of other peoples and races. This disease is common in all countries to a greater or lesser extent.

The symptoms of skin cancer are different for everyone. The first sign, as a rule, is the deformation of a common mole. New moles also begin to appear, this happens quite quickly. And after a couple of weeks, you will probably notice the formation of a dozen or two moles.

All of them will be deformed to a lesser or greater extent, but sometimes moles appear normal - this indicates the absence of melanoma.

You can determine the nature of moles yourself. Of course, if they began to appear at a high speed, you need to contact a dermatologist or a therapist, but otherwise you can understand whether you have a malignant mole. In order to know what a malignant mole looks like, you should inquire about the following characteristics of moles:

1. Asymmetry. Normal moles are absolutely symmetrical: by drawing a conditional border in the middle, you will see that both of its halves are the same. But a mole, indicating melanoma, will have two unequal halves.
2. Color. It is the color of a mole that can tell a lot about it. If it combines two or more shades, you should definitely see a doctor. Although birthmarks can also be several colors at once, but they are such from birth.
3. Size. Diameter normal mole should not exceed 6 millimeters: if it is larger, it is necessary to be examined. Moreover, you need to consult a doctor, even if you have not noticed other signs and symptoms.
4. A change in the size of a mole, its increase or change in shape indicate, if not the appearance of melanoma, then problems with the health of the skin. In any case, a visit to a dermatologist will not be superfluous.

Get Inspected Now

Stop reading all this already and thinking that it can’t touch you in any way. Better get up from a chair and carefully examine your body for suspicious moles. Especially carefully you need to look in the area of ​​​​the lower leg and thighs - there melanoma is located most often.

Thoroughly examine the areas under the knee, elbows and other areas of the body that are not visible during water procedures or when looking at yourself in the mirror.

Examination and removal of moles (video)

Diagnosis of a malignant mole

To provide accurate data on the occurrence of skin cancer can only experienced doctor after . It all starts with the discovery of suspicious moles, after which the patient goes to the hospital. Then the doctor conducts an examination: if everything is in order, everything will end at the examination. But if there are clear suspicions of melanoma, the patient is prescribed a biopsy. This procedure can be performed in several ways, it all depends on the location of suspicious moles.

After the biopsy there will be more accurate results: you will know if there is skin cancer or not. If melanoma is found in the biopsy, other tests are ordered. This is done in order to learn more about the disease and the degree of its neglect, as well as in order to determine the maximum suitable method treatment.

Malignant moles - in medicine they are called melanomas - are oncological neoplasms on the skin that develop from pigment-forming cells (melanocytes) of the birthmark. If the mole accelerates its growth, changes color or bleeds, these are symptoms that require a mandatory consultation with a doctor. After all, timely diagnosed melanoma significantly improves the prognosis of the disease.

ICD-10 code

C43-C44 Melanoma and other malignant neoplasms of the skin

Causes of a malignant mole

An ordinary harmless mole can become malignant if a person likes to sunbathe often and for a long time. And not only under the sun, but also in the solarium. Impact ultraviolet rays leads to the degeneration of pigment cells, which accelerate their growth and reproduction, involving the nearest healthy tissues in the process.

A malignant mole can also appear along the hereditary chain. So, if one of the relatives was previously diagnosed with melanoma, then other family members have a risk of developing a pigmented tumor. In addition, those who have a large number of moles or birthmarks of significant size are at risk.

An additional impetus to malignancy can be injuries and damage to the skin of an ordinary mole, rubbing it against clothes, etc.

Why are malignant moles dangerous?

A malignant mole is one of the most unfavorable neoplasms that can affect a person of any age and gender. This is a tumor with a high mortality rate, which begins its development with melanocytes of the epidermal layer of the skin. Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of oncopathology, because even a slightly small malignant birthmark can give a large number of metastases to various organs in a short time: respiratory system, skeletal system, brain.

If the disease is detected in a timely manner, then the patient has a chance of recovery. The unfortunate mole is removed. If the tumor has managed to send its daughter cells (metastases) to other organs, then the prognosis for the disease becomes extremely unfavorable.

A malignant mole is found less frequently than skin cancer. However, in recent decades, this pathology has become increasingly common.

Pathogenesis

Malignancy of the birthmark occurs against the background of the rapid growth of melanocytes, which are introduced into the nearest tissues, and also spread through the blood and lymph. The tumor grows both on the surface of the skin and deep into the tissues, gradually penetrating into new adjacent and underlying layers.

Doctors classify the depth of the lesion according to the degree of invasion. The greater the degree of germination (VI-V degree), the worse the prognosis.

A malignant mole is distinguished by the early and rapid spread of metastases. The nearest lymph nodes are the first to be affected, which increase and become dense and elastic, without signs of pain.

After the lymph nodes, metastases often enter the skin, next to the main focus. They look like small dark dots localized around the melanoma. Sometimes the malignant area swells and becomes bluish-red.

By circulatory system metastases can get to almost any organ. Most often they are found in the lungs, adrenal glands, liver, brain.

Symptoms of a malignant mole

A malignant mole at the beginning of its development looks like an ordinary nevus. The rate of its growth increases, in the future ulcers, peeling, bleeding may appear. The size of the formation can range from a barely noticeable pea to large caliber knots.

Melanoma has an elastic consistency, its density is moderate. The cover of the mole is mostly even, in rare cases With small tubercles and growths resembling cauliflower.

Oncologists identify three signs that make it possible to suspect a malignant mole:

• dark color;
• glossy surface;
• the presence of decomposition processes in the tumor.

These symptoms are explained by the fact that malignant changes occur inside the birthmark: excessive accumulation of pigment, damage to the structure of the epidermis, damage to blood vessels and disruption of tissue trophism.

Sometimes the accumulation of pigment occurs only in one part of the tumor. In this case, the mole itself is light, but has dark blotches or a middle.

The decomposition processes are not immediately noticeable. Over time, the birthmark becomes easily vulnerable, often bleeds, ulcers and crusts form on the surface.

What do malignant moles look like? How to distinguish a malignant mole from a benign one? There are several distinguishing features:

• a malignant mole is asymmetrical or blurry (with a benign border and clear shape);
• the edges of a malignant mole are uneven, torn or cloudy;
• the color of melanoma is dark or interspersed (a benign mole is light or brown, uniform);
• a malignant birthmark big size And fast growth;
• malignant degeneration is characterized by crusts, peeling, bleeding, ulcers on the surface.

The clinical picture may differ, as there are different types of malignant moles:

• Superficially spreading melanoma looks like a black or brown spot, up to 3 mm in circumference. It gradually increases and becomes from rounded - oval, or irregular shape. The surface acquires a smooth glossy appearance, becomes dense.
• Malignant lentigo is an uneven plaque with slow growth and uneven coloration. On the surface, you can observe both light and dark blotches, up to black. characteristic feature- this is the presence of nodules and papillomas with significant hyperkeratosis or elements of atrophy.
• The knotty appearance of a malignant mole often arises from a normal pigmented spot. When a mole becomes malignant, it darkens, the surface becomes bumpy, compacted, ideally smooth. Sometimes small black nodules appear nearby - the so-called "screenings" of melanoma. Sores or crusts may form on top of the mole.

Complications and consequences

What consequences can be expected from a malignant mole? The main complication of melanoma is the active spread of the tumor throughout the body. Metastases form relatively quickly, and it is they that pose the greatest danger to the health and life of the patient.

Complications such as secondary malignant neoplasms are very common in melanoma. Elements of the tumor can spread with the flow of blood or lymph, stopping in other organs and growing into them. More often than others, such objects are the lungs, liver, bones, brain, and skin.

Some expectant mothers are interested in the question: can a malignant mole affect the fetus if it was diagnosed already during pregnancy? Scientists studied this issue at the end of the last century and came to the conclusion that metastases can penetrate the placenta, but this happens extremely rarely. isolated cases have been described only in the disseminated form of a malignant pigmented tumor (with chaotic and massive spread of metastases).

No less of a problem is the treatment of a malignant mole during pregnancy, because chemotherapy and radiation therapy can adversely affect the development of the fetus. In such a situation, the decision on therapeutic measures is taken by the doctor, taking as a basis all the pros and cons.

Diagnosis of a malignant mole

Patients with suspected melanoma often complain about changes in the birthmark. Basically, these are the following symptoms:

• bleeding;
• itching, discomfort;
• mole growth;
• change in color and appearance.

The doctor in this case asks the following questions:

• When did the suspicious mole appear?
• Over what time period did the changes take place?
• Was there a traumatization of the mole, or the impact of other factors?
• Have you treated a mole, and in what ways?

After questioning and examining the birthmark, the doctor prescribes other necessary studies.

• Blood and urine tests for diagnostic purposes in malignant moles are not informative. Such studies are relevant only to determine general condition organism, which is especially important when metastasizing tumor elements.
• Instrumental diagnostics is used to monitor the effectiveness of the chosen therapy, or to detect a probable recurrence of the neoplasm:
  • X-ray of the lungs - helps to diagnose metastases;
  • method computed tomography- detects metastases in the lungs, lymph nodes, etc .;
  • dermatoscopy is a method that allows you to accurately examine the skin problem, which is especially important in the early stages of the development of a malignant mole.
• A biopsy of melanoma is prescribed in cases where it is impossible to establish a diagnosis in another way, as well as after surgical removal of a mole, to clarify its structure. A biopsy is directly related to a radical operation to remove a malignant mole.

Treatment of a malignant mole

Therapeutic measures should be carried out immediately after the diagnosis is made, since melanomas tend to quickly and actively spread throughout the body.

The first and main treatment is surgical removal malignant birthmark. This method is indicated for malignant pigmented formations of I and II stages of development. To avoid the reappearance of the tumor, the surgeon removes not only the mole, but also the subcutaneous tissue and the underlying fascia. The operation ends with skin grafting. The material removed during the procedure is sent for histological and cytological examination.

Can there be consequences after the removal of a malignant mole? The consequences occur with incomplete or belated removal of the tumor, which leads to its re-growth, or to the appearance of metastases. Therefore, removal should be carried out only in a medical institution, by a qualified specialist.

In any case, the lack of adequate treatment is guaranteed to lead to an aggravation of the situation and, over time, to a premature death.

Effective for malignant moles and chemotherapy. Medicines are actively used in common forms of melanoma, as well as in combination with surgery.

With common moles, the following treatment regimens are considered the most effective:

• Imidazolecarboxamide 250 mg per m², once a day for 5 days;
• Lomustine 100 mg per m² + Vincristine 1.2 mg per m² on the first, eighth and fifteenth days, as well as in combination with Dactinomycin 500 mcg three times a week, in the amount of six doses;
• Vinblastine 6 mg per m² by intravenous injection. On the first day, together with Cisplatin 120 mg per m², as well as with Bleomycetin 10 mg on the first and fifth days.

Time intervals between chemotherapy courses - 1 month.

Radiation therapy for malignant moles is used infrequently, due to their weak sensitivity to ionizing rays.

Alternative treatment of malignant moles

Unfortunately, many patients are in no hurry to go to the doctor, but are treated on their own with all sorts of folk methods. Alternative treatment of melanoma is not officially welcomed, since treatment with herbs and other means can take up precious time when the disease is still treatable. Lost time can cost a person not only health, but also life.

However, prescriptions for malignant pigmented tumors do exist. True, reliable information about their effectiveness is not provided.

• Nettle leaves, angelica, coriander and hyssop are mixed in equal parts. Pour 1 tbsp. l. collection of 200 ml of boiling water and infuse until cool. Take 400-600 ml of drink per day.
• Take a tincture of aconite rhizomes three times a day, 60 minutes before meals. Treatment regimen: the first day - 1 drop, daily increasing the dose by 1 drop, bringing up to 20 drops. Further, the amount of the drug is reduced, again bringing to 1 drop.
• Take half an hour before a meal 100 ml of a decoction of sweet clover grass, elderberry, wintergreen, centaury, meadowsweet, duckweed, agrimony, taken in equal parts.
• Tar ointment is prepared: tar is mixed with vaseline in equal proportions. Lubricate the affected area several times a day.
• Squeeze fresh celandine juice, mix with vaseline 1:4. Used for compresses.

Homeopathy for malignant moles

As ancillary treatment homeopathy is often used for malignant moles. Many experts believe that correct application such drugs can improve the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the risk of recurrence in the future.

The choice of the optimal homeopathic remedy is carried out individually, depending on the characteristics of the tumor and the patient's condition. Since homeopathic treatment requires precise dosages, self-treatment is not welcome.

• Homeopathic preparations antihomotoxic action:
  • Lymphomyosot;
  • Galium-heel;
  • Engystol.
• Preparations-catalysts of metabolic processes:
  • Ubiquinone compositum;
  • Coenzyme compositum.
• Homeopathic preparations of organotropic action:
  • Cutis compositum;
  • Psorinocheel.
  • do not abuse sunburn, before and after taking sunbathing use appropriate cosmetic protective equipment;
  • do not try to remove birthmarks yourself, do not scratch or damage moles.

  Most experts agree that the best prevention degeneration of a mole is its removal. Should be considered important point: removal should be carried out by a competent qualified specialist in a medical institution, but not in beauty salons and other similar institutions.

  Turning to incompetent doctors, you can lose not only your health, but also your life.

  Forecast

  More than half of patients can observe a 5-year recovery period. Such positive results are explained by the timely and early detection of the tumor.

  If malignancy is found in more than late stages, then the prognosis worsens, especially with the spread of metastases.

  If treatment was started on time and no metastases were found, then the size and depth of penetration of the tumor plays a decisive role in the prognosis. It is noticed that in female patients the treatment is more effective than in males.

  All patients who have undergone a course of treatment are subject to mandatory medical examination. Regular examinations of the remaining skin benign moles, lymph nodes.

  With proper and adequate treatment, malignant moles do not recur.

Malignant moles Melanoma is a cancer that develops from melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis (pigmented areas of the skin). It can occur anywhere on the body, but is especially common in open areas that are exposed to regular ultraviolet radiation.

Malignant moles: what should be the treatment?

The only reliable treatment for melanomas is surgical excision.

The doctor injects an anesthetic and then makes an incision along the drawn lines. For small malignant moles, the entire procedure takes about 30 minutes. A tissue sample is sent to a laboratory to examine the peritumor surface to determine the level of prevalence.

Skin cancers are excised according to the following guidelines:

1. The surgeon removes 0.5 - 1 cm of healthy skin surrounding the tumor and removes the skin layers to fatty tissues.
2. In resection of invasive melanoma, which is 1 mm or less in thickness, the edges surrounding the skin are removed with an expansion of up to 1 cm. Also, all layers of the skin are excised up to the fascia (layers of tissue covering the muscles).
3. If melanoma is from 1.01 to 2 mm thick, 1-2 cm is taken with a margin.
4. If malignant mole 2.01 mm thick and more - 2 cm is removed.

With metastasis of a malignant mole, removal of nearby lymph nodes is recommended. In advanced stages, immunotherapy or chemotherapy may be used.

Malignant moles: prognosis and survival

Most useful criterion to determine the survival rate is the thickness of the tumor, which is measured in centimeters and is called the “Breslow depth”. Also, the prognostic indicator depends on the Clark level - the number of layers affected by the oncological process.

You are not sure about the correctness of the diagnosis and the treatment prescribed for you? Your doubts will help dispel real opportunity take advantage qualified help the best of the best and without overpaying for anything.

Thin melanomas (less than 1 cm) have excellent treatment success rates. Malignant moles with a thicker structure have less optimistic forecasts.

A malignant mole is a cancer called melanoma. It can form anywhere on the body, but most often appears on open areas, as they are affected by ultraviolet radiation.

Melanoma is the most dangerous form cancer. It is very important to monitor all moles on the body, especially if there are a lot of them. If a malignant mole is detected in time, the development of melanoma can be prevented.

The first tiny spots may appear in infants. A mole is a small formation on the skin - a nevus - which is considered benign, harmless. The basis of their appearance is melanocyte cells that accumulate the natural pigment melanin. Depending on its quantity, there is a difference in color. Available colors:

• red;
• black;
• pink;
• brown;
• blue.

The form of neoplasms depends on the location, concentration of melanin. They can have a leg or be located under the skin, be flat and convex.

The most common form is round, but there are exceptions. The development of neoplasms provokes ultraviolet radiation- natural from the sun, in the solarium.

not excluded hereditary factors. Common cause formations - hormonal imbalance characteristic of periods:

• puberty;
• pregnancy;
• menopause.

Unfortunately, there are still no clear causes that provoke the development of melanoma. The study of this disease is a priority for many scientists.

A number of factors have been identified that can provoke the onset of the disease and cause the formation of a mole that turns into cancer. Who is at risk?

• Excessive exposure to the sun or tanning bed
• Excessively fair skin or red hair
• genetic predisposition. If there are cases of melanoma in the family, you are at risk, as the disease may be predisposed. For this reason, you should avoid prolonged exposure to the sun, do not visit solariums.
• Many moles on the body. If there are 50 or more moles on the body, you can safely classify yourself as a person prone to melanoma. You should also be wary of the sun, protecting yourself from the negative effects with the help of closed clothing, a hat and sunglasses.
• Advanced age. Analyzing medical statistics, we can confidently say that melanoma is more common in people over 50. At this age, the body is weakened, there is at least one chronic disease, ideal conditions are created for the development of oncological pathology.
• Strong floor. Medicine cannot explain this fact, but men suffer from melanoma more often than women.
• Women in position. Due to the fact that a pregnant girl is experiencing a hormonal surge, which can provoke the rebirth of moles on her body.
• Freckles on the body, especially on the face. As mentioned earlier, cancerous moles often appear in redheads. A large number of freckles increases the chances of such neoplasms, which indicate that when interacting with the sun, the skin reproduces melanin too quickly.

A birthmark, or nevus, is a pathological accumulation of melanin at one point. Most often, these neoplasms have a brown color. If in the area of ​​the nevus accumulate blood vessels, it acquires a pink or burgundy color.

A person cannot be born with a mole. The first neoplasms appear on the body after 6 months of a baby's life.

Usually the formation of new nevi ends by the age of 25. A large number of moles are observed in fair-skinned people.

They fall into the risk group of malignant degeneration of neoplasms.

There are a wide variety of birthmarks - red, hanging, brown, convex, flat, etc. However, experts identify five types of nevi that are dangerous. They are most characteristic of malignant degeneration.

• Borderline nevi. This flat spot almost black. Such a neoplasm should not change under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. If its parameters have changed, this is a dangerous mole.
• Giant birthmark. Such a neoplasm is considered the most dangerous in terms of malignant degeneration. Such a nevus changes its structure in 50% of cases. The tumor may be soft, its size is constantly increasing.
• Nevus of Ota. This is a dark blue spot of irregular shape. If timely action is not taken, the size of the neoplasm will increase.
• Blue birthmark. Many cancerous moles are reborn precisely from such neoplasms. This is a fairly dense tumor, slightly rising above the surface of the skin. In diameter, such a nevus can reach 2 centimeters. Often the mole is located on the face.
• Melanosis Dubreuil. This is a precancerous lesion uneven contour. In 80% of cases, such a mole degenerates into a malignant tumor.

The risk group includes people with fair skin and big amount moles on the body

Unfortunately, most patients seek help rather late, when the malignant process is no longer reversible. Regular check-ups with a dermatologist can help prevent the development of melanoma.

The lighter the skin, the higher the risk of malignant degeneration of the neoplasm. With a large number of nevi on the body, it is not recommended to stay under open ultraviolet rays in the summer.

It should be borne in mind that the most dangerous is the sun in the period from 11 to 16 hours of the day. At this time, it is generally not recommended to go outside.

Significantly increase the risk of developing melanoma sunburn, even in history. The danger is also tanning in a solarium.

Heredity is also of great importance. If there were cases of a malignant skin tumor in the family, you need to know what dangerous moles look like.

Regulatory mechanical damage to the nevus also significantly increases the risk of its malignant degeneration. Therefore, if the mole is in an "uncomfortable" place, it is recommended to remove it.

The risk of developing skin cancer in people suffering from papillomavirus increases. A large number of neoplasms on a thin stalk is a sign of the disease. Pathology also cannot be ignored.

Irradiation is a method with the impact of radioactive rays on the area of ​​the neoplasm or on the entire body, depending on the location of the tumor.

Active radio rays lead to the death of malignant cells, which helps to stop their division and reduce the neoplasm itself. But in the case of a cancerous mole, the possibilities of radiation are limited.

The technique is used for palliative purposes on final stages illness. And in case of damage by metastasis to bones or other anatomical structures, they will be used to reduce pain and improve the quality of life of a cancer patient.

Irradiation is also advisable for metastases in the brain structures; for this localization of secondary neoplasms, radiation therapy is a priority method in the treatment of melanomas.

Causes of birthmark cancer

A mole is a neoplasm of a benign type, which can be transformed under the influence of external phenomena and lead to rapidly progressing oncology. Among the reasons why these processes are activated, they usually distinguish:

A cancerous mole or melanoma can form from melanocytes - these are cells with a special pigment. The true reasons for the transformation of a healthy cell into a malignant one remain unknown today. But there are a number of factors that have a share of influence on the malignant process:

The reasons for the transformation of a mole into melanoma are as follows:

• mechanical damage - friction with clothes, straps, skin trauma;
• hormonal changes in the body - most often occur in adolescence and during pregnancy. Disease may be another reason. thyroid gland s.
• damage by ultraviolet rays - sunlight activates the division of melanin cells and causes pathological changes in skin cells.

Light-skinned, fair-haired people are most exposed to ultraviolet radiation. light colors eyes, owners of red hair and freckles.

Pregnant women and those with a family history of melanoma are at risk.

Risk factors include:

• large congenital nevi;
• the appearance of new moles, the growth of the former;
• nevi covering the entire certain part body.

melanoma classification

Cancer moles are classified according to their visual appearance: thickness, depth, structure and shape. Allocate the following types melanomas:

By the way a cancerous mole looks like, a competent specialist is still initial examination can identify the degree of threat to the health and life of the patient. The most dangerous species are following groups nevi:

1. Blue moles are always smooth to the touch, most often have a hairless coating, and are distinguished by a significant bulge. The diameter of each of them does not exceed 2 cm, they are located mainly on the buttocks, face and in the limbs.
2. Intra-epidermal (borderline) type, in which the birthmark has not fully formed, stopping in development between the dermis and epidermis. Under the influence of UV rays, it does not change its color, shape and size, it may differ from benign nevi in ​​an atypical dark shade.
3. Giant moles are recognized as the most dangerous neoplasms, which increase in number and size every year. According to statistics, every second patient has signs of degeneration of nevus cells of this type.
4. Dubreuil's melanosis develops mainly in the elderly, is characterized by blurred boundaries and heterogeneous color. It is considered a precancerous growth that requires immediate removal.
5. Nevus Ota is a collection of confluent dark blue spots that can capture the nasal mucosa, pharynx and sclera of the eyes. Successfully amenable to surgical removal and therefore rarely turn into melanoma.

Any harmless mole can become dangerous in an instant. cancerous tumor, to reveal which early stage- means to give a chance for a full life and cure.

A pigment spot on the skin that has a brown tint is called a mole. It is based on:

• melanin pigment;
• melanocytes.

Moles have significant differences from birthmarks, which are characterized by:

• the appearance of moles throughout a person's life;
• The number of moles depends on the amount of ultraviolet radiation a person is exposed to.

The neoplasm is characterized by the presence life cycle, at first the mole has flat shape, over time, it rises above the surface skin. The shape of the spot is affected by the location of pigment cells - melanocytes at a certain level of the skin, in the epidermis ( top layer) or in the dermis (deep layer). When melanocytes are located in the upper layer of the skin:

• the neoplasm will be flat;
• imperceptible, flush with the skin.

If melanocytes are located in the deep layer of the skin:

• the neoplasm is raised above the skin;
• noticeable to the naked eye.

A certain type of speck determines its positive or negative oncological characteristics, the mole does not pose a threat if the following indicators are present:

• homogeneous structure;
• preservation of shade throughout the life cycle;
• small size;
• oval shape.

As a person grows up, new moles appear on his body.

Neoplasms are formed at birth or throughout life, the acquisition of spots is often associated with the teenage maturation of the body and the period of pregnancy. Spots can transform, changes are reflected in:

• form of neoplasm;
• shade (darkening).

Characterization of formations is complicated by the fact that there are their various forms. A specialist can easily understand the symptoms and manifestations of the disease, but an unprepared person should know what they distinguish:

• basal cell carcinoma;
• squamous cell skin cancer;
• actually melanoma.

Melanomas can be classified according to the visual appearance: depth, thickness, shape and structure. The following types of melanomas are distinguished:

Oncologists have noted those types of nevi that are most prone to mutation:

1. Border. This spot, which has a uniform color, in some cases is even black. Among the features noted is the lack of reaction to ultraviolet radiation. The neoplasm does not change either in quantity, or in parameters, or in color.
2. Blue. The structure of the neoplasm is dense, the surface is smooth and without hair. A mole rises above the skin and is no more than two centimeters in diameter. It is localized most often in the face, limbs and buttocks.
3. Giant. It is this neoplasm highly likely transforms into mole cancer. A distinctive feature is considered to be constant growth and a loose surface of an inhomogeneous structure.
4. Nevus of Ota. Its color can be either dark brown or blue-gray. It also differs in large size. Requires immediate treatment.
5. Melanosis Dubreuil. It is considered to be already a precancerous neoplasm with an uneven outline. It needs to be removed immediately after detection, as it is quickly followed by oncology.

To identify malignant moles, it is enough for an experienced specialist to conduct a visual examination.

Moles happen different sizes: from a barely noticeable point to a large spot located on the skin and in its inner layers.

Nevi are classified into vascular (hemangiomas) and pigmented.

• The first type develops due to the increase and fusion of capillaries.
• Pigmentary - are formed by groups of pathological melanin cells.

According to the size of the mole, they are divided into:

• small (up to 2 mm);
• medium (up to 6-10 mm);
• large (from 10 mm).

According to the type of localization, nevi are:

• epidermal (located on the top layer of the skin);
• borderline (occupying both the surface and deep layers of the skin);
• intradermal (located in the thickness of the middle skin layer);

According to another criterion, malignant and benign moles are divided.

Signs of skin cancer

The first sign of the degeneration of a mole into melanoma is the appearance of asymmetry

The development of melanoma is preventable. The "pre-melanoma" period is a long period of time, important in terms of timely diagnosis and treatment.

There is such a thing as "without five minutes" melanoma or melanocytic dysplasia. In such a formation, the structure of the cells and the nucleus has already been changed, but this is not yet skin cancer.

Signs of dysplasia are important not to miss.

Signs of a mole at the "pre-melanoma" stage:

photo malignant moles

1. One half of the nevus does not correspond to the second - asymmetry.
2. The boundaries of education became uneven and spread out.
3. The color began to change and blotches of various colors appeared (light, red, black, purple).
4. The mole began to grow rapidly. Typically, safety elements are up to 6 mm in size.
5. There was a burning sensation, fullness, the skin around the mole turned red.

Often, signs of a dangerous change in the nevus are encrypted with the abbreviation AKORD (asymmetry, edges, color, size, diameter).

Usually, if the mole is in a place that is least exposed to any kind of influence (friction, sunburn), then it is observed independently. In the case when it is constantly injured, you should see an oncodermatologist.

Diagnosis of melanoma is carried out using a dermatoscope device, biopsy and scraping. Next, the suspicious element is removed and a histological examination is carried out.

An ordinary person is not able to identify melanoma. Only after a histological examination can a final verdict be obtained.

If the patient found that the closest to the nevus The lymph nodes increased, this indicates stage 2 of the disease and the presence of metastases. Survival with treatment in such cases is 1-1.5 years.

Each of us is able to easily distinguish simple moles from other types of neoplasms, but only a small part knows what nevi with oncology properties look like. The vast majority clinical cases melanoma disease could be recognized by external symptoms.

To determine the atypicality of pigmented spots, a fairly simple method was developed called "A.B.C.D.E.", which is an abbreviation for the 5 main physical signs of skin cancer:

1. Asymmetry (asymmetry) - a change in the shape of the nevus, in which the growth occurs unevenly, and the mole acquires a clear asymmetric shape;
2. Border irregularity (uneven edge) - the contour of the neoplasm can become blurry and uneven, which is one of the first signs indicating a pathological change in the mole;
3. Color (color) - the heterogeneity of the shade, the presence of small inclusions of gray, black and red tones should alert, and also motivate you to go to the doctor;
4. Diameter (diameter) - the size of moles should not exceed the usual 8-10 mm or change extremely quickly;
5. Evolving (rebuilding) - any changes associated with the description of nevi (both color, size, and shape) are implied.

The absence of any transformations associated with neoplasms is considered normal, therefore, if they are present on the body, they should be periodically visually examined in order to diagnose oncology in a timely manner and begin therapy.

In addition to the previously listed signs, dermatologists also note features characteristic of malignant nevus:

• compaction of the mole structure against the background of rapid growth;
• peeling and itching in the affected area of ​​the skin, burning sensation or slight tingling;
• red spots may appear near the nevus, associated with a simple allergic reaction of the body (rash).

IN medical practice skin cancer or melanoma is common, this pathology is a common type of cancer. In terms of mortality, melanoma occupies a leading place among other types of cancer. Young people (from 23-43 years old) often suffer from this pathology.

There are four forms of melanoma:

• melanoma spreading superficially;
• skin cancer of the lentigo type;
• lentiginous form of cancer;
• nodular skin cancer.

Skin cancer can look different on the outside

Malignant moles (cancer cells) have some telltale signs that will help distinguish them from a typical mole. The initial stage of the disease - melanocytic dysplasia - is still treatable. Therefore, if a cancerous mole is identified and removed in time, the development of skin cancer can be avoided.

In 1985, dermatologists developed the abbreviation ABCDE, each letter of which stands for one sign of a cancerous mole. Over time, this abbreviation was adapted into Russian, and it began to sound like AKORD (asymmetry, edges, color, size, dynamics).

It is by these signs that a malignant growth can be detected. Let's take a closer look at each feature.

1. Asymmetry. As mentioned above, ordinary moles are symmetrical. If you notice even the slightest asymmetry, you should immediately consult a doctor.
2. The edges. Cancer moles have jagged, blurry, and even jagged edges.
3. Coloring. Ordinary moles usually one color (black or brown). Cancer moles on the body can be of different shades, including red.
4. Size. Ordinary moles do not exceed 6 mm in volume. If the mole is larger than 6 mm, then most likely it is malignant. In addition, cancerous moles quickly increase in size.
5. Dynamics. If the mole is benign, then it does not change its color or size over the years. If you begin to notice changes, then you need to contact the doctor for an examination.

So, we looked at the characteristics and symptoms of a cancerous mole. If you notice at least one of these points in yourself, immediately run to the doctor to prevent possible development melanoma.

Most cosmetic defects may not cause any inconvenience to a person throughout life. But when education behaves unusually, you will feel discomfort.

You can understand your feelings with the help of the following memo:

You need to see an oncologist if:

• the color and structure of the nevus changes - the color becomes uneven, pigmentation intensifies up to a dark brown or jet black color, additional pigment nodules appear along the edges of the spot;
• one part of the nevus noticeably darkened;
• peeling of the epidermis, inflammation on the skin around the mole;
• blurring of contours;
• compaction, growth, cracking;
• hair loss in the area of ​​the spot, if it is in the scalp;
• "Crushing" of an integral nevus into several new ones.

Diagnosis of melanoma

Melanoma is an insidious and definitely not a good type of oncology, since it is characterized by high growth rates, rapid metastasis, spreading to almost all vital internal organs of a person.

About 2% of patients diagnosed with skin cancer account for the number of all cancer patients, of which only 20% manage to overcome the terrifying disease.

Such depressing statistics are due to late establishment diagnosis or due to the fact that many people underestimate the need to visit an oncologist with changes in the structure or other parameters of moles, perceiving this phenomenon as the norm.

There is also a separate category of people who are trying to eliminate an interfering neoplasm from the surface of the skin on their own or with the help of folk recipes, thereby involuntarily launching an infection into the blood or stimulating malignancy and further development of cancer.

This is due to the lack of information content of the population - moles are found in many people and therefore are not taken seriously.

If signs are found that are typical of degenerating nevi into a malignant type, you should contact a qualified specialist in the field of oncology and take a tissue sample by biopsy for histology.

The procedure is performed under local anesthesia, takes only a few minutes and does not cause discomfort at all. In some cases, the patient may be recommended dermatoscopy for a more accurate assessment current state nevus, which ensures the accuracy of the results obtained by 96-97%.

Melanoma is a malignant tumor that develops from pigment cells that produce melanins. It is characterized by rapid growth, frequent recurrence, rapid metastasis to almost all organs, and high mortality.

Melanoma accounts for about 1-2% of all cancer and 10% of all skin cancers. Its mortality rate (14%) exceeds that of breast and thyroid cancers, and melanoma accounts for 80% of all tumor deaths.

If at self examination If you suspect the presence of a malignant mole, you should immediately seek help from a specialist who checks the nature of the nevus. A dermatologist after a face-to-face consultation may suggest doing some additional research, such as:

• Biopsy of the body of the mole, allows you to determine the composition of the nevus
• Histology to characterize the neoplasm

It is worth saying that a biopsy can be performed only if the nevus is completely or partially resected. If you are the owner of a degenerate mole, in 90% of cases it is recommended to remove the nevus completely, and with the capture of nearby surrounding tissues.

This is necessary in order to localize the process and protect healthy tissues from cancer.

There are recommendations for additional research- dermatoscopy, which is carried out before the removal of the body of the neoplasm. The results can tell about the amount of pigment and the structure of the nevus, namely, to reveal its nature by determining a vascular or non-vascular mole.

The absence of a pronounced clinical picture makes it difficult to set correct diagnosis on early stage. Therefore, it is important to know how to identify a malignant mole in order to consult an oncologist in a timely manner.

When examining the formation, the specialist evaluates its density, edges, color. However, it is not enough to know what malignant moles look like.

Confirmation of the presence of oncological pathology helps instrumental methods diagnostics.

• Dermoscopy of the neoplasm and the surrounding epidermis. Grade pathological changes of the skin is produced due to a multiple increase in the area under study. With the help of a dermatoscope, it is possible to carefully examine the structure and shape of the mole.
• Radiometry. The patient takes the radiopharmaceutical on an empty stomach. With the help of a special apparatus, the accumulation of an isotope in healthy skin and in the region of the nevus.
• Cytological examination of a smear-imprint. From the surface of the neoplasm, the specialist takes a small piece of biological material, which is examined under a microscope.
• Blood test for tumor markers. Such an analysis should always be done if cancer is suspected.

Put accurate diagnosis only a doctor can

Only a specialist should diagnose malignant neoplasms, but it is also possible to carry out a preliminary assessment at home, the main thing is to know what to do:

• examination of the skin, while carefully examining the armpits, back, elbows, neck and knees;
• each of the detected neoplasms is carefully examined for the presence of certain signs of malignancy.

Further examination must be entrusted to a specialist. First of all, he will inspect the nevus itself, study the reasons for its changes.

If there is any doubt, a biopsy is ordered. This is a procedure that involves taking a small area of ​​the affected tissue for further study.

Under certain conditions, ultrasound and dermatoscopy can also be prescribed.

Only after receiving the results of the studies, the doctor is given the opportunity to make an accurate diagnosis, and he can prescribe further treatment.

Treatment

The treatment of skin cancer is quite specific, the main method, without exception, is the surgical removal of the formation. In addition to surgery, radiation and chemotherapy can be used, but these methods are ineffective for melanoma, for this type only radical excision is needed.

Relatively new and effective methods at an early stage of the disease are laser coagulation and cryodestruction.

Regarding the main type of treatment - surgery, the volume of tissue excision depends on the stage of the pathology. If the first stage is diagnosed, the neoplasm is excised with the capture of healthy tissue by 0.5 cm.

If the second stage is detected, the volumes of healthy tissues are cut off within one centimeter. In the case when the thickness of the deepening of the tumor in the inner layers of the dermis is more than two millimeters, regardless of the stage, at least two centimeters of healthy skin must be removed.

An exception is the desmoplastic variant of melanoma, it is characterized by the development of local relapses, therefore, during excision, at least three centimeters of healthy tissue are captured.

Cancer after removal of a mole tends to relapse, and more often to metastasize, for this reason, the entire body is subject to examination to detect micrometastases and secondary tumors in distant organs.

Regional lymph nodes are the first to metastasize, therefore, as a rule, lymphadenectomy is used.

With individual metastases, surgery is used in the following cases:

1. the presence of resectable, separate metastases, the removal of which improves the prognosis;
2. resectable metastases, without removal, threatening the life of the patient;
3. resection to reduce the tumor mass for a better result of subsequent drug treatment with chemotherapy drugs.

To date, the only possible option The treatment for melanoma is the removal of cancerous moles. The complexity of the operation depends on the neglect of the situation and the size of the formation. For small growths, half an hour is enough time.

When removing a cancerous mole, the surgeon cuts out a small area of ​​skin (1 cm) around the mole to prevent new ones from appearing in the same place. The larger and larger the malignant mole, the more skin around it needs to be removed.

After cutting out the mole, a sample is sent to the laboratory. They are studying its level of prevalence, that is, the likelihood that new such growths will appear on the body.

The tactics of treatment depends on the level of distribution of malignant melanoma cells. If it is diagnosed at a very early stage of development, a malignant mole is surgically removed with simultaneous excision of the nearest surrounding and underlying tissues and their subsequent histological examination.

If the spread of malignant cells into healthy tissue, to a depth of up to 1 mm, is detected, repeated removal, but already of healthy tissues, is carried out at a distance of up to 2 cm in depth and to the sides of the scar.

Detection of the spread of cells of a malignant spot to a depth exceeding 1 mm is the reason for conducting research various methods imaging to identify the nearest metastasis - computer or magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (molecular imaging technique), a combination of the latter with computed tomography.

In addition, at this stage, a puncture biopsy of the “signal” lymph nodes is also carried out, that is, the primary lymph nodes in terms of metastasis in the lymphatic system.

This allows you to decide whether they need to be removed.

After excision of a malignant mole in the early stages, immunotherapy with interferon is performed in order to prevent recurrence. Surgery no longer makes sense in the later stages. In these cases, only courses of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents are used.

The most rational method of treating moles of an oncological nature is conservative treatment, that is, resection with a scalpel or laser. The mole removal procedure begins with local anesthesia, in which the doctor makes an injection with an analgesic drug in the area next to the mole.

Then, when the zone ceases to be sensitive, a cut is made strictly along the outlines drawn in advance. If a small or medium mole is to be removed, the procedure will last no more than 20 minutes.

The procedure is one of the simplest surgical interventions and does not pose a health risk to the patient. Immediately after resection, the sample or removed mole is immediately sent to the laboratory for a thorough examination and identification of the nature of the appearance.

If you delve into the process of removing a nevus, you can conditionally divide it into the following criteria:

1. The doctor excises up to 1 cm of intact skin in diameter, deepens until the end of adipose tissue
2. If a small melanoma is operated on (up to 2 mm in diameter), the doctor should also expand the resection area to a 1 cm cell, and capture several layers of the epidermis, including the tissue covering the muscle
3. If the mole that aroused suspicion belongs to the category of medium, that is, it is up to 1 cm in diameter, the surgeon must remove the area with a margin of up to 2.5 cm
4. By analogy, with an increase in the body of a nevus, it is necessary to further expand the removal zone. So, with a mole size of 3 cm, an area up to 5 cm is taken for resection.

It is worth mentioning that the presence of metastases radically changes the approach to the operation. If any are found, the surgeon should take urgent decision about the removal of lymph nodes located in close proximity to a malignant nevus, through which the nevus was fed.

When we are talking about diseases of this nature, you should not self-medicate and self-diagnose. Home remedies in the form of infused chamomile tea compresses will help ease the symptoms, but should not be the main remedy!

When detected at an early stage, melanoma is easily treatable by eliminating the tumor with medical equipment.

People often worry about whether cancer or malignant nevus recurrence is possible after removal of a melanoma mole?

Therapy oncological disease depends on the stage of its development, the presence of metastases in the body. If the patient knows what a malignant neoplasm looks like and seeks a consultation in a timely manner, treatment will be carried out with minimal risk for good health.

Sometimes it is enough to perform surgical removal of the neoplasm. For this, the following methods are used:

The treatment of mole cancer is quite specific, the main method is the removal of the neoplasm. In addition to surgery, radiation and chemotherapy can be used.

But these methods, unlike removal, are ineffective in melanoma. Relatively new and effective techniques used at an early stage of the disease are cryodestruction and coagulation.

As for the main type of treatment - surgery, the amount of tissue excision depends on the stage of the cancer. If melanoma is at the first stage of development, then the mole is removed, capturing half a centimeter of healthy tissue.

If the operation is performed at the second stage of the disease, the volume of excised healthy tissue is one centimeter. In the event that the thickness of the deepening of the malignant formation in the inner layers of the dermis is more than two millimeters, then, regardless of the stage, at least two centimeters of healthy skin are subject to excision.

An exception is the desmoplastic variant of melanoma, which is characterized by the development of local relapses, therefore, when removed, at least three centimeters of healthy epidermis is captured.

After removal of melanoma, there is a possibility of recurrence, and more often metastasis. Therefore, the entire body is subject to examination in order to detect micrometastases and secondary neoplasms in distant organs.

The first metastases are able to succumb to regional lymph nodes, therefore, in most cases, lymphadenectomy is used.

Surgery can be used for individual metastases in such cases:

• in the presence of a resectable individual metastasis, the removal of which improves the prognosis;
• with resectable metastases, without removal, life threatening sick;
• during resection in order to reduce the malignant mass for the best result of subsequent chemotherapy treatment.

In those cases, if the neoplasm was diagnosed as malignant as a result of the study, the patient is sent for an operation that involves its removal.

Indications for removal may be:

• degeneration of a mole into a cancer;
• too big or ugly appearance growth;
• localization of moles in those places where they are subjected to constant injury, which affects them badly.

There are several methods for removing nevi that are safe and mostly painless.

Cryodestruction method

The neoplasm is removed by freezing it with liquid nitrogen or carbonic acid. The procedure lasts only a few minutes, but under local anesthesia.

Among the main disadvantages is the inability to control the rapid impact of acid or nitrogen. Biopsy material cannot be obtained in this way. In the case of removal of neoplasms of impressive size, scarring of tissues and the appearance of scars are not excluded.

laser excision

In order to destroy the nevus, a special laser is used, which simply burns it out. This method compares favorably with others, since in the process of removal it seals the vessels and prevents bleeding. Histological examination after such removal is impossible.

Radio wave method

You can remove only small moles that are located on the surface of the epithelium. A special apparatus is used, after its exposure, a wound remains on the body. Neoplasm tissues are not damaged, and, accordingly, their further histology becomes possible.

The advantages of the radio wave method are that healing is fast and there are no scars at the site of the neoplasm.

electrotherapy

The mole is burned out under the influence of a low-frequency current. This method differs in possible injury and scarring of tissues in the future. They resort to it only in rare cases. Among the advantages is the possibility of histology.

Surgical removal

It is resorted to in case of removal of especially large neoplasms or when melanoma grows deep into the tissue. Also, the method is effective in the case of excision of flat moles. Removal of cancerous growths is carried out together with nearby tissues.

Prevention of melanoma

1. When exposed to direct sunlight, use a cream with a maximum UV protection level (SPF+50) and a PPD (protection against skin cancer) mark.
2. Avoid exposure to the open sun at lunchtime (best between 10.00 and 18.00).
3. Do not drink alcohol on the beach.
4. Nevi that are constantly injured should be removed.
5. Try to avoid artificial tanning in solariums.

Among oncologists, melanoma is considered a "shame" because its appearance is easily prevented in the pre-cancerous period. Knowing the signs of the onset of degeneration, the owners of moles should contact a specialist in a timely manner, and doctors should remove the formation at this time.

Skin cancer is curable, but the main focus of specialists is on compliance preventive measures that can prevent the development of melanoma, significantly reducing the number of cancer patients around the world. Prevention measures include:

• moderate exposure to direct sunlight;
• use of skin care products high rates UV protection)
• timely consultations of a dermatologist (oncologist);
• self-examination of the skin (moles);
• protection of the skin from the negative effects of high temperatures;
• treatment of skin diseases in the early stages.

It is important to remember that cancer prevention is simple, does not require financial costs and loss of time. Compliance with simple rules will help maintain health for many years.

1. Doctors do not recommend long time is exposed to ultraviolet rays. According to statistics, a solarium and other methods of getting a tan increase the chances of getting a tan by 75%. cancerous lesion skin.
2. In the summer, it is better for people to be outdoors in the morning and evening hours.
3. Sunscreen is a must! The product should be applied both in cloudy and sunny weather. As part of these cosmetics Patients should pay attention to the sun protection factor (SPF), which should be at least 30.
4. Usage sunglasses with adequate UV protection.
5. Self-examination of the skin and timely referral to a dermatologist for advice. It is important to detect cancerous moles or melanoma on initial stage. In such cases, surgical removal malignant neoplasm leads to full recovery sick.

It is not worth determining a mole of melanoma from a photo. Doctors take a tissue sample from the patient for analysis, which allows you to check the genesis of pigment cells.

If there are many dark neoplasms on your arms, legs and neck, follow the following rules that prevent diseases.

• Regular examination will allow you to notice the negative dynamics in the early stages.
• Cancer moles on the body tend to progress rapidly, therefore it is strictly forbidden to self-medicate or refuse therapy altogether.
• Enlarged neoplasms or atypical birthmarks are a reason to stop sunbathing and going to the solarium.
• Traveling to countries with a different climate zone is best planned during the milder season, when ultraviolet radiation is not so aggressive.
• Protective creams with SPF 30 and 50 should always be in your bag, whether you just went for a walk or went hiking.