Oncological diseases of women. Oncological diseases of the female genital organs

If we take the statistics, then in the very first place in women is a cancerous neoplasm of the breast, as well as damage to the ovaries and uterus. All tumors are divided into malignant and benign.

Benign tumors do not have harmful symptoms and cannot lead to death. The most important thing is that they are quite easy to treat with the right approach. But such neoplasms are also dangerous, since they can turn into oncology at any time.

The division of cancer in a female way goes through the main female organs: the mammary glands, ovaries, uterus, vagina, labia and fallopian tubes. In general, it can develop from any organ where there are epithelial cells.

Benign formations

Such neoplasms have a different cellular structure, but not much different from healthy cells. The tumors themselves grow quite slowly and usually in one tissue location, without touching or growing into nearby cells.

The formations do not greatly affect the body or nearby tissues and do not interfere with the functioning of the organ. In general, they are not life-threatening for the patient. Malignant cancers, on the contrary, grow quickly and germinate into nearby cells, damaging tissues and releasing antibodies and waste products into the blood.

Varieties

- During menstruation there is more abundant bleeding. The tumors themselves have several locations and are arranged in clusters, the color of each being red-pink. During sex they become damaged and bleed.

- appear on the labia, ovaries or uterus. This causes pain in the lower abdomen and difficulty urinating.

Cystoma- pain, bloating in the abdomen, discomfort during sexual intercourse, delay and disruption of the menstrual cycle.
Myoma- during menstruation, severe pain in the lower abdomen, general malaise, chills, and fever appear. The temperature may rise and remain from 37 to 38.

Fibroids— the neoplasm itself is of impressive size, which is why the woman feels constant pressure in the pelvic area.

Symptoms

Unfortunately, in the first stages, cancer of the female genital organs has very minor symptoms that can be confused with a regular disease, and in some it does not manifest itself at all. Because of this, the patient loses a lot of time, and as everyone knows, the earlier cancer is detected, the greater the chance of recovery.

The first symptoms can greatly increase depending on the location of the cancer itself.

Bloating. With ovarian cancer, it appears one of the first.
Pain in the lower abdomen. Any tight or sharp pain in the lower part.
Lower back pain. Usually come in 2 stages.
Temperature. An increase in temperature indicates an inflammatory process that may begin due to the impact of a cancerous tumor on nearby tissues.
Bleeding between menses. At first, the discharge will be insignificant, they can be seen on shorts. They can also be observed in postmenopausal women over 55-60 years old.
Sores and jams. The vagina itself may turn red or change color, and small wounds may appear that are difficult to heal.
Decreased appetite, weight loss. It should be noted that while the diet and nutrition remain the same.
Drowsiness, fatigue, tiredness. When a tumor grows, it consumes a large amount of energy and also releases waste products into the blood that poison the body.
Vaginal discharge. The discharge itself has an unpleasant odor. You can see dried mucus in your underwear.

Symptoms of breast cancer

Changing the shape of one breast or nipple.
Redness and swelling of the breasts.
Red spots and bruising that does not go away.
The appearance of compactions and lumps in the chest.
The nipple retracted.
The nipple areola changed shape and became irregular.
There is mucus or pus discharge from the chest. This is especially noticeable in a bra.

Cervical cancer

The tumor itself grows from the epithelial cells of the soft tissues of the inner walls of the cervix and body of the uterus. The tumor is moderately aggressive and grows quite slowly compared to other tumors. and uterine cancer is one of the most common diseases in women, and it ranks second after breast tumors.

Causes

The main reason is that a change occurs at the chromosomal level, and cells begin to randomly divide, multiply and lose the ability to self-destruct or die.

Papillomavirus.
Herpis.
Viral diseases that damage the soft tissue of the uterus.
Often appears in older women.
The risk group includes nulliparous women.
Rare sexual relations.
Diabetes.
Alcohol and cigarettes.
Excess weight.
Genetics.
Hormonal changes in the female body, drugs that affect them.

stages

Stage 1- the tumor is small in size and spreads only within one tissue.
2 stage- the cancer process affects nearby tissues. Back pain and fever may already appear.
Stage 3- is large in size and begins to swell. The cancer affects and damages nearby lymph nodes.
4 stage- metastases go to the nearest organs: intestines, bladder, kidneys and liver. Headaches and pain in bones and muscles appear against the background of general intoxication of the body.

The most important thing to remember is that cancer in the early stages of development has a high survival rate, since metastases do not affect organs. At stage 3, the lymph nodes are already damaged, which is why surgeons at this stage usually remove the uterus along with the nearest lymphatic system.

NOTE! First of all, the patient needs to pay attention to pain, temperature and bleeding from the vagina and immediately contact a gynecologist for an examination.

Often occurs in older women after 55 years of age, especially in those who have never given birth. Oddly enough, the number of children directly affects the susceptibility to this cancer, and the more children, the less likely they are to get this disease.

Genetics is the most common cause, since girls whose mothers and grandmothers had this disease are at risk.

Signs

Severe bloating of the abdomen - it feels hard to the touch.
Nausea and vomiting.
Frequent constipation.

Cancer of the vagina and labia

The neoplasm itself looks like a growth with nodules. The tumor grows and subsequently symptoms appear: burning, itching and pain. In later stages, the tumor may bleed and secrete pus.

Vaginal cancer is less common and affects the inner walls, causing small growths to appear that subsequently begin to bleed and secrete pus.

It is almost impossible for a woman to have sex in this case, since upon contact she will feel severe pain and burning. At stages 3 and 4, the tumor may completely block the urethra and the patient will be given a catheter.

Diagnostics

First you need to identify the disease itself; a large number of methods are used for this. The most important thing is the initial examination by a gynecologist and mammologist. After which the patient undergoes a general, biochemical blood test, where some deviations from the norm can be seen.

Many people ask about tumor markers, but in fact they are rarely tested, since they can show cancer, but not with 100% probability, and it is better for the doctor not to waste time and see everything with his own eyes.

Pelvic ultrasound- you can see a cyst and cancerous growths in the ovaries.
MRI, CT— look at how badly the cancer affects nearby tissues.
Biopsy of cancerous tissue- during the examination, the doctor takes a piece of tissue and examines it under a microscope to see the nature of the cancer itself and how fast it grows.
- This is an ultrasound examination of the breast to detect the presence of malignant tumors.

NOTE! If you resort to traditional medicine, then discuss all drugs and herbs with your doctor, since there are many substances that can increase general intoxication and worsen the condition of the body and even lead to death.

Treatment

The therapy itself depends on the stage of carcinoma.

Surgical methods- usually used at stages 1 and 2, when there are no metastases yet. The doctor removes the tumor itself and nearby tissues, as well as the affected lymph nodes.
Radiotherapy— this procedure is carried out directionally. With a thin beam of radiation rays, using special equipment, the doctor begins to influence only the tumor tissue and destroys them.
Chemotherapy— at the moment there are a large number of cytotoxic drugs that mainly affect tumor cells. First, the doctor prescribes a specific reagent that destroys this type of cancer. If this does not help, then the tissues themselves are examined for sensitivity to certain substances.
hormone therapy- a number of drugs that reduce the sensitivity of the tumor and the organ itself to estrogen.

What horror a person experiences when he is given this dangerous diagnosis! But the situation does not always end tragically. If signs of cancer are detected at the first stage of damage to the body, oncological diseases can be treated. What symptoms help to suspect malignant neoplasms, how they differ in men and women, with various types of pathologies - information useful to people at any age.

What is cancer

This disease is one of the most dangerous - it develops quickly and often ends in death. Cancer is an oncological pathology in which there is uncontrolled growth of cells that form a malignant tumor. Taking into account the stage of development:

on the first stage a cure is possible;
the second is characterized by the spread of cancer cells to neighboring organs and is eliminated with timely diagnosis;
the third and fourth have a low survival rate due to rapid metastases throughout the body.

Cancer develops from the epithelium; the disease can begin in any human organ. Due to metabolic disorders:

new cells acquire unusual functions;
tissues cease to form correctly;
require additional energy for growth;
affect healthy tissues of the body, destroying them;
invade blood vessels, lymphatic channels and spread throughout the body - metastasize.

How to detect

To achieve a positive treatment result, it is important to promptly identify the beginning of the process and engage in cancer prevention. Signs of oncology in the body can be detected during medical examinations, with mandatory mammography, fluorography, and urine and stool tests. The onset of the disease is determined by the results of a blood test when, for no apparent reason, the following is detected:

acceleration of ESR;
decreased hemoglobin levels;
changes in thyroid, sex, and adrenal hormones;
increased calcium levels in kidney cancer.

When there is a targeted detection of a tumor, use:

tests for tumor markers;
cytological examination of cells;
tissue histology - cancer is differentiated;
computed tomography - reveals the size and shape of the tumor;
ultrasound examination - changes in tissue density are observed;
magnetic resonance imaging – small tumors and metastases throughout the body are determined;
endoscopic methods - reveal the picture near the lesion.

How Cancer Manifests

In the initial stages, the symptoms of cancer are often indistinguishable from other diseases or do not appear at all. This leads to late initiation of treatment and reduced effectiveness of results. As cancer progresses, signs of infection appear different. Symptoms of malignant tumors depend on:

sex, age of the patient;
concomitant diseases;
stage of cancer;
tumor structures;
localization of cancer;
growth rate.

In addition to the general signs characteristic of any type of oncology, the following are observed in the case of cancer:

brain - impaired memory, attention, seizures;
skin - depending on the type and shape - ulcers, penetration of cancer into the deep layers;
lungs – shortness of breath, cough with purulent sputum;
liver – development of jaundice;
organs of the genitourinary system - blood in the urine, problems urinating;
stomach - difficulties in digestion, stool disorders.

General symptoms

It is important to know the common signs of cancer. This will help you consult a doctor in a timely manner, begin examination, and initial treatment of the patient. Symptoms indicate cancer:

sudden, causeless weight loss;
fever, increased temperature - the reaction of the immune system, activation of forces to fight the disease, appears in the last stages.

The main signs of cancer include:

deterioration of well-being;
gradual increase in weakness;
increased fatigue;
nausea;
the occurrence of pain is possible at all stages of cancer;
changes in the skin - the appearance of urticaria, erythema, jaundice, with skin melanoma - increased pigmentation, the formation of warts, a change in their color;
deterioration in hair quality;
feeling of discomfort in the affected organ;
the appearance of compactions, tumors.

First signs

It is very important not to miss the first symptoms of cancer. A dangerous disease detected in the early stages is successfully treated and provides a high survival rate. You can learn about your risk of cancer by looking at the common symptoms of cancer. The first signs of the presence of malignant neoplasms have characteristic features depending on:

localization of the cancerous tumor;
damage to female organs;
manifestations of the disease in men;
development of pathology in children.

The first signs of cancer in women

The female genital organs are often affected by cancerous tumors, which is associated with the developmental characteristics of the body. Other localizations of malignant neoplasms cannot be excluded. The first signs of a tumor in the female body:

bleeding during menopause;
spotting discharge after sexual intercourse;
heavy, prolonged menstruation;
change in the shape of the mammary gland;
discharge from the nipple.

Oncological diseases in women cause symptoms:

bleeding between periods;
soreness in the ovarian area;
watery discharge with ichor due to cancer of the inner wall of the uterus;
lumps in the chest;
nipple retraction;
discomfort in the labia area;
urine leakage;
pain in the lower abdomen;
blood in stool;
urinary disorders;
increase in abdominal size;
bleeding from the rectum.

The first signs of cancer in men

In addition to common oncological diseases, cancer of the genitourinary system is not uncommon for men. Frequent smoking leads to the appearance of malignant tumors of the larynx and lungs. Signs of cancer in men include:

urinary incontinence;
back pain is a signal of a prostate tumor;
rectal bleeding;
inability to urinate;
change in the consistency of stool;
blood in urine;
sharp pain in the abdomen;
lumps in the chest;
lumps in the testicles;
cough with blood, mucus, pus.

In children

The onset of cancer in a child can be marked by signs of intoxication of the body - loss of appetite, vomiting, headaches, pale skin. With the development of cancer in children, tearfulness, moodiness, nightmares, and fears often appear. Depending on the type of pathology, the following are observed:

with leukemia – nosebleeds, aching joints, enlarged liver;
with brain tumors – loss of coordination, convulsions, loss of consciousness;
in the case of osteosarcoma - nocturnal pain in the joints;
with eye cancer - blurred vision, hemorrhage.

Back pain due to cancer

Often, especially in the later stages of cancer development, pain in the back area is observed. Symptoms are in the form of spasms, are aching, tingling in nature. Pain in the lumbar region is observed in ovarian cancer, prostate tumors. Such signs of neoplasms in cancer patients appear as a result of the presence of metastases that have affected the spine. This is typical for the development of:

stomach cancer, when the process has invaded the pancreas;
tumors in the lungs;
lumbar spine cancer;
malignant neoplasm in the mammary gland.

Temperature

Common symptoms of cancer include changes in temperature. This symptom manifests itself differently as the tumor grows. The rise in temperature is facilitated by the activation of the immune system, which tries to fight foreign cells. In the last stages of the disease, for many types of cancer it can be very high. At an early stage of development, a low-grade fever is observed, which lasts for a long time, sometimes up to several weeks, and does not exceed 38 degrees. These signs are typical for the appearance of:

lymphocytic leukemia;
lymphomas;
lymphosarcoma.

Dramatic weight loss

Often, in a short period of time, a cancer patient changes his appearance, looks so that he does not look like his photo six months ago. Dramatic weight loss - up to 5 kg per month - is a serious reason to consult a doctor. This is one of the earliest and most striking signs of oncology. Weight loss due to cancer is explained by:

production by the tumor of substances that disrupt metabolic processes;
psychological stress that deprives you of appetite;
influence of chemotherapy.

A cancer patient quickly loses weight, which is associated with:

poisoning of the body with metabolic products of cancer cells;
the need for large amounts of nutrients for tumor growth and metastases;
disruption of food intake and digestion due to esophageal cancer, gastrointestinal tumors;
radiation therapy of the head area, in which taste and smell are impaired, and an aversion to food appears;
removal of part of the stomach and intestines.

Cough

This sign characterizes oncology of the tissues of the lung and bronchi. Cough changes greatly as the cancer progresses. This symptom is distinguished by:

at the initial stage, a constant dry cough;
as the tumor grows, a small amount of clear sputum is formed;
with further increase in size, the vessels are damaged and blood appears;
gradually the sputum becomes purulent, profuse, with an unpleasant odor;
when blood vessels are affected, it looks like raspberry jelly;
With the destruction of the arteries when coughing, pulmonary hemorrhage begins.

Weakness and sweating

With the development of a cancerous tumor, it is not uncommon to experience sweating and muscle weakness. With these signs, the body gives a signal about the appearance of serious problems in it. When the lymphatic system, adrenal glands, and pituitary gland are damaged, hormonal disruptions occur, leading to increased sweating. The cause of weakness in the development of cancer becomes.

Uterine cancer is the most common cancer of the female genital organs, accounting for 50% of all cancers. It is divided into two main types of malignant tumors: endometrial cancer and uterine cancer.

Symptoms

In 90% of cases, the first sign is irregular bleeding during the childbearing period, perimenopause, and bleeding after menopause.
Pain, heaviness and swelling in the uterus. This condition may be associated with a muscle type of cancer.

Diagnostics

Histological examination of a fragment of the endometrial mucosa.
Pelvic ultrasound, as well as CT or MRI - to identify a tumor and possible metastases.

Treatment

Surgically - that is, removal of the uterus, appendages, lymph nodes. The most gentle methods allow you to preserve the ability to become pregnant and bear children. In such cases, progesterone therapy is used in high dosages. The disadvantage of this method is that even if cured, the woman remains at high risk of the disease returning. There is also the option of egg freezing for women who want to preserve the possibility of having children in the future. In later stages - pelvic irradiation. Sometimes additional chemotherapy is required.

Popular

Risk factors

Doctors distinguish two types of endometrial cancer: estrogen-dependent and estrogen-independent. The first type is more common in young women and has a better prognosis than the second. Causes of elevated estrogen levels:

obesity;
diabetes;
polycystic ovary syndrome;
absence of pregnancy;
early onset of menstruation or late menopause;
irregular periods, lack of ovulation;
Women who undergo hormonal therapy with estrogen without taking progesterone drugs to prevent the development of endometrial hyperplasia are also at risk;
breast cancer patients receiving treatment with tamoxifen;
patients with a family history of uterine and colon cancer.

Preventive measures

Examinations by a gynecologist - every six months; In addition, examination must also be carried out in case of irregular bleeding.
If you have a family history of uterine or rectal cancer, it is advisable to attend a genetic consultation to determine your predisposition to malignant pathology. It is also necessary to undergo regular rectal examinations and follow-up with a gynecologist.

Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women after uterine and ovarian cancer. The most common cause of cancer is infection with papillomavirus, which is sexually transmitted. Most cervical cancers can be prevented through a cervical smear test program as well as through vaccination.

Symptoms

Bleeding is the most common symptom of cervical cancer. Most often it occurs during or after sexual intercourse.
In the later stages - pain in the back, lower abdomen or pelvis.
Sometimes the tumor blocks the ureter and can cause kidney failure.

Diagnostics

Colposcopy is an examination of the cervix using a special microscope.
Cervical biopsy. In case of precancerous changes, a more extensive biopsy using an electrical loop is indicated.
With a positive biopsy - ultrasound, CT and MRI.

Treatment

Depends on the stage at which the disease is detected. In the early stages - radiation therapy or radical extirpation of the uterus or cervix. In the latter case, a suture is placed in the area where the cervix used to be. With this option, the opportunity to become pregnant and carry a child remains, but birth occurs only by caesarean section. Later, chemotherapy and radiation. Before treatment, patients are usually advised about the possibility of preserving ovarian function through ovarian transplantation. A woman who wishes to subsequently become pregnant can have eggs removed in advance for artificial insemination, or ovarian tissue can be frozen for subsequent transplantation.

Risk factors:

papilloma virus infection;
smoking;
a large number of sexual contacts, as well as early onset of sexual activity;
frequent pregnancies;
reduced immunity;
neglect of barrier contraception.

Preventive measures:

vaccination against papillomavirus infections;
to avoid the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections, avoid promiscuity and use condoms.

Ovarian cancer

This disease is considered one of the most insidious, since early diagnosis is very problematic. Typically, patients seek help in the later stages, and even if cured, the risk of the disease returning is very high.

Symptoms

The symptoms are not specific. In the early stages, irregular periods are possible. If the tumor fills the pelvis, frequent urination, pain, and constipation are possible. Abdominal bloating, weakness and sudden weight loss usually appear in later stages of the disease.

Diagnostics

Palpation of the pelvis or abdominal cavity.
Ultrasound of the pelvic area. It can be used to determine the size and characterize the type of tumor.
Blood markers - CA 125 - a non-specific marker, can be elevated in other situations, but helps in diagnosis and monitoring treatment results.
If a pathology is suspected, surgical intervention is necessary to clarify the stage of the disease.

Treatment

Depends on the stage. Sometimes only surgical removal of the uterus, appendages and omentum is sufficient. In most cases, additional chemotherapy is required.

Risk factors:

infertility;
low number of pregnancies and births;
hereditary predisposition, in particular mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, Lynch syndrome (uterine, ovarian and colon cancer);
The peak of the disease occurs at the age of 60 years.

Preventive measures:

the presence of at least one pregnancy and childbirth;
It has been found that when taking birth control pills for five years or more, the risk of getting sick is reduced by 50%. This method is especially recommended if the woman has had cases of ovarian cancer in the family;
preventive removal of appendages (if there is a genetic predisposition);
Pelvic ultrasound twice a year.

What to do if a fibroid is found

Often in our country, when fibroids are detected, in order to avoid its degeneration into a malignant tumor, doctors insist on partial or complete removal of the uterus. However, this recommendation is not always justified. It has been established that the risk of cancer cells appearing in it is extremely low. In addition, the decision to undertake any surgical intervention should be made only after careful weighing of all factors. Indications for surgical removal of fibroids are pain, heavy bleeding that cannot be treated, as well as extremely rapid growth and large size of the tumor. Along with this, the location of the fibroid is taken into account, as well as the woman’s desire to become pregnant in the future. The operation is justified if the myomatous node is large and is found in a place where it can harm a potential fetus. In all other cases, it is better to resort to drug therapy. The mechanism of action of modern drugs is based on blocking progesterone receptors in the fibroid, due to which it quickly decreases in volume.

It is worth noting that modern medicine has achieved considerable success in curing cancer. If the tumor is detected in the early stages, recovery is almost guaranteed. So the best way to protect yourself is to lead a healthy lifestyle, and regularly, at least once or twice a year, be examined by a gynecologist.

Cosmo thanks Madanes expert Lyudmila Ostrovskaya, an Israeli gynecologist specializing in female oncology, for her assistance in preparing the material.

Malignant tumors develop in all organs and tissues, which means that the symptoms can be very different. However, in the treatment of cancer, the speed of making the correct diagnosis plays an important role, otherwise time may be lost forever.

What are the signs of cancer? We will answer this question in this article.

35 signs of cancer that are usually ignored

Unexplained weight loss may be a sign of cancer.

Upset stomach and/or stomach pain. Many liver patients recall that one of the first manifestations of the disease was this very symptom. The patient and his attending physician can think about erosions in him for quite a long time before the correct diagnosis is made.
Feeling of fullness in the stomach even after eating a small amount of food. This symptom is also characteristic of the duodenum.
Unexplained weight loss. It is worth alerting if the patient loses kilograms without putting any effort into it.
. It develops when the tumor blocks the bile exit from the liver and gallbladder. In addition to yellowing of the skin, the patient notes yellowness of the sclera and itching all over the body.
Cough and/or shortness of breath. Often one of the first symptoms.
Difficulty swallowing water and food. The symptom appears and intensifies as the tumor in the pharynx or esophagus enlarges.
Constant pain and burning behind the sternum. This is a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux, a condition where acid from the stomach backs up into the esophagus. This condition is typical for the esophagus.
Swelling of the face. May be due to lung cancer. Cancer cells impede the flow of blood from the upper half of the body, which provokes the development of edema.
Enlarged lymph nodes. It is a potential sign of cancer of the organ near which the enlarged lymph node is located.
Bruising and bleeding for no apparent reason. May be a manifestation.
Weakness and fatigue. A common symptom for all types of cancer.
Blood in the stool, bleeding after bowel movements. This symptom occurs not only with, but also with.
Colon dysfunction. Constant constipation and diarrhea may be a sign of bowel cancer.
(it’s hard to start urinating, sluggish stream). May be a symptom.
Pain and/or burning during urination. It can be both a symptom and prostate cancer.
Blood in urine or semen. It can also be a sign of prostate cancer, like the previous two symptoms.
Erection problems. Although men try to hide this symptom for a long time, they should immediately consult a doctor to rule out a malignant prostate tumor.
Scrotal swelling. May be a symptom of a testicular and/or prostate tumor.
Constant back pain. Of course, most often back pain is a consequence of muscle sprains, protrusions, herniated intervertebral discs, but we must not forget that constant pain, which is difficult to treat with conventional pills, can be a sign of both independent cancer and metastases in the spine.
Soreness of the breasts and/or nipples. Yes, it happens in men too, although these are very rare cases.
Hard-to-heal skin lesions. Symptom (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma).
Pain. Pain syndrome is too common a symptom. Don't mistake every headache for a brain tumor. It is necessary to carefully observe yourself in order to “catch the moment” when it becomes clear that the pain is combined with other signs of cancer.
Fever. It's also a common symptom. It can happen to any cancer patient.
Changes in the oral mucosa. should alert a person, especially if he smokes.
Changes on the skin. The appearance of warts and areas of hyper- or hypopigmentation should alert a person and be a reason to visit a doctor.
Swelling, swelling, redness of the mammary gland, the appearance of discharge from the nipple (especially bloody, greenish, black). This symptom complex should not only alert the woman, but force her to make an appointment with the doctor on the same day. If it is difficult to get to an oncologist, then you can contact a surgeon.
Changes in the condition of the nails. Dystrophy of the nail plates, the appearance of spots and stripes on the nails. All of these could be signs of skin cancer.
Bleeding between menstruation, bleeding in women during menopause. These symptoms may be signs of endometrial cancer.
Swelling of part of the limb and pain in this place. It may not only be the result of a bruise, but also a symptom of a malignant bone tumor.
Convulsions and fits. May be a sign of a brain tumor, as are symptoms 31 – 35.
Memory disorders, memorization and reproduction processes.
Feeling of pressure and fullness in the head.
Behavioral disorders, decreased self-criticism.
Impaired balance, coordination and orientation.
Numbness in a limb, paresis or paralysis.

So, if you or your loved ones experience these symptoms, you should immediately contact your doctor for examination and treatment, and then the prognosis for the patient’s life and health can be much more favorable.

Which doctor to contact

If lumps appear in the mammary gland, discharge from the nipple, or if there are visual changes (redness, deformation) of the breast, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Tumor diseases are treated by an oncologist, but it is better to consult a general practitioner first. The doctor will be able to make a preliminary diagnosis and refer the patient to the right specialist. Depending on the affected organ of the patient, in addition to the oncologist, various doctors consult: gastroenterologist (for problems with digestion, stool), pulmonologist (for cough and shortness of breath), proctologist (for damage to the rectum), urologist (for problems with urination), mammologist (for damage to the mammary gland), dermatologist (for changes in the skin), gynecologist (for uterine bleeding), neurologist (for headaches, impaired coordination, movements, sensitivity, mental functions).

The clinic has accumulated extensive experience in treating such ailments. We first carry out primary detection of the disease, then use in-depth diagnostic methods if there are grounds to suspect cancer of the female genital area.

If you visit the clinic’s specialists at least twice a year, early diagnosis of cancer will allow you to take the necessary measures in time and stop the disease.

Leave your phone number.

The clinic administrator will call you back.

Make an appointment

Consultation with a gynecologist

Types of cancers of the female genital organs

Cervical cancer observed most often in women over 45 years of age. The disease often occurs as a result of various illnesses suffered (dysplasia,), and the formation of scars due to childbirth and abortion also plays an important role. In the initial stages, the disease has virtually no symptoms; it can be first detected by contact bleeding (after douching, sexual intercourse, or constipation). Such bleeding is an immediate reason to contact a specialist.

Cancer of the uterus more characteristic of women 50-60 years old. It is characterized by bloody vaginal discharge either between periods or after menopause. If the process has gone far, late signs of cancer appear: pain, leucorrhoea.

Ovarian cancer It is typical for any age, but still occurs more often after 40 years. This is the most common cancer of the female genital organs after cervical cancer, which is the leader among such pathologies. Risk factors: previous gynecological diseases, ovarian dysfunction, chronic inflammation, lack of sexual activity or pregnancy. Symptoms can be different, the earliest being pain in the lower abdomen, general fatigue, malaise, and weakness.

Fallopian tube cancer is a fairly rare disease characteristic of older women. The main symptoms: pain in the lower abdomen, liquid discharge mixed with blood and pus.

Vaginal cancer is also quite rare. Its symptoms are leucorrhoea, pain, spotting. If you press on the tumor, bleeding occurs.

External organ cancer It also occurs rarely and is often combined with other long-term skin diseases of the genital organs. Its symptoms are the formation of a dense knot and growths.

Treatment of the disease

Diagnosis of cervical cancer, which occurs most often, is done using colposcopy, cytology, as well as gynecological examination and histological examination of the uterus. To minimize the possibility of getting advanced cervical cancer, you need to visit a gynecologist regularly, as well as take appropriate tests for oncology. This can be done in the clinic without any problems.

If, after research, a disease that precedes the onset of cancer is identified, special therapy or surgery is used.

Today the clinic uses the most advanced methods of treating the cervix:

electrocoagulation,
freezing the painful area of the cervix (cryodestruction),
laser radiation, excision of the cervix with a scalpel or a special electrode.

When these methods are not suitable, or cancer begins to develop not on the cervix, our doctors successfully use:

surgical intervention,
radiation therapy,
chemotherapy,
X-ray therapy,
radiotherapy,
hormone therapy.

Methods of fighting tumors

Operation. It gives especially good results when the tumor is localized in one place.

Chemotherapy– use of drugs for targeted suppression of pathology. Chemotherapy targets cancer cells that have spread to other organs. The clinic uses modern, effective medications that cause the least amount of side effects. Treatment is usually carried out in cycles with periods for recovery. Duration of treatment is 2-9 months.

hormone therapy involves the use of both hormonal and antihormonal drugs. The essence of the method: the effect on the hormonal receptors of malignant neoplasms.

Immunotherapy. Today there is a lot of evidence that strong immunity prevents the occurrence of many forms of cancer. The use of methods for targeted activation of the immune system helps in many cases to stop the development of a tumor. For certain types of cancer, immunotherapy is used alone or in combination with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Immunotherapy is also used to prevent side effects that may occur during cancer treatment.

Radiation therapy affects only tumor cells at the irradiation site. The method is usually used in the early stages of tumor formation, and is also often used before surgery to reduce the size of the tumor.

In our clinic you will undergo a surgical examination and an accurate diagnosis will be made. Our doctors will treat you in accordance with the most modern American and European standards, using the latest effective medications with a minimum of side effects. But it’s even better to come to us periodically for examination, because early detection of oncological pathologies is the main condition for the effectiveness of treatment. You will save yourself from many troubles if you regularly visit gynecologists and oncologists at our clinic.