Dizziness, nausea, lack of coordination cause. Severe dizziness and nausea loss of coordination

Dizziness in combination with a number of other symptoms may indicate intracranial hypertension.

Are you worried about nausea and dizziness? In such a situation, even people far from medicine suggest that a woman take a pregnancy test.

However, the cause of these symptoms is not always so joyful, and not only women of the reproductive period suffer from such an illness. Most often, elderly people consult a doctor with complaints of dizziness and accompanying nausea. As studies show, the diagnosis is made quickly (in almost 90% of cases only on the basis of anamnesis): cerebrovascular insufficiency. Who doesn't have it?

Indeed, this is one of the causes of dizziness, but its frequency is greatly exaggerated. Patients start taking vascular medications, but there is no result.

In this article you can find the answer about the most common causes of these symptoms and the principles of differential diagnosis.

Relevance of the problem

About 10-16% of patients regularly visit therapists and neurologists with complaints of dizziness and often accompanying nausea. About half of them are pensioners, 30% are intellectual workers, and the rest are manual workers. Women suffer from dizziness (or go to the doctor) much more often: in 75% of cases. Dizziness significantly affects the quality of life: 40% of those who consult a doctor experience it daily, another 40% several times a week, and 10% constantly. One in five patients experience symptoms so severe that they interfere with their ability to work, forcing people to stay at home. In 10% of reported cases, attacks were accompanied by loss of consciousness.

A large study was conducted in St. Petersburg: patients with complaints of dizziness and accompanying nausea visited a therapist. He made a diagnosis and prescribed treatment. Diagnostic studies were then carried out, as a result of which the diagnosis was checked and corrected.

It turned out that in 40% of cases the therapist’s conclusion was as follows: “Dyscirculatory encephalopathy due to atherosclerosis and hypertension.” This pathology was confirmed in only 10% of patients in this group. The diagnostic error was that conclusions were made only on the basis of complaints, age, medical history and taking into account risk factors.

Thus, despite the fact that only a doctor can understand the causes of dizziness and nausea, for a local therapist - a primary care specialist - this is sometimes very difficult to do. There are a few things to take into account here:

You should not start treatment immediately after the conclusion established on the basis of complaints and anamnesis;
It is necessary to check the preliminary diagnosis, no matter how obvious it may seem (due to age and other risk factors), using laboratory and instrumental methods;
A neurologist and otolaryngologist have a wider arsenal of opportunities for differential diagnosis than a therapist.

It is very important to take into account the complexity of the structure of the vestibular analyzer, its connections with the central nervous system and the variety of diseases accompanied by a similar clinical picture.

In this regard, competent diagnosis of conditions manifested by dizziness and nausea consists of several stages:

Firstly, the type of dizziness is determined. Based on this, an initial conclusion is made about the damage to which organ system it is caused by (vestibular or not);
secondly, differential diagnosis is carried out in one of the directions:

If the etiology is not related to the vestibular apparatus, then a therapeutic examination of the nervous, cardiovascular and other organs and systems is carried out.
If dizziness is of vestibular etiology, then it is determined whether it has a central or peripheral genesis;

thirdly, the nosological form of the disease is clarified.

What is dizziness?

The question of how a person feels dizzy, what exactly he feels, seems very strange. However, it should be the first one asked by the doctor.

The fact is that the concept of “dizziness” implies a feeling of instability and rotation in space of one’s own body or surrounding objects. According to research, dizziness is often referred to as slightly different sensations:

severe weakness or faintness;
emptiness in the head;
ringing in the ears;
swaddling clothes in front of you;
darkening of the eyes;
inability to concentrate;
severe anxiety;
lightheadedness, etc.

If the doctor does not determine what the person means by the term “dizziness,” the diagnosis may be made incorrectly. Consequently, adequate treatment will not be received.

As practice shows, there is a high percentage of incorrect diagnoses of “stroke” or “stroke”, and even disability in this regard. While the cause of dizziness is a completely different disease that can be cured fairly quickly.

Classification of dizziness

Unsystematic dizziness

According to statistics, ¾ of patients who consult a doctor with autonomic disorders complain of dizziness, which has nothing to do with the illusion of rotation of their own body or objects around them. If the described clinic does not correspond to the picture of true dizziness, its cause should be sought not in the vestibular system, but in others, in particular:

pathologies of the nervous system (dyscirculatory encephalopathy, circulatory failure of the vertebrobasilar zone, polyneuropathy and other diseases);
disorders of the cardiovascular system (arrhythmias, heart failure);
disorders of the functioning of the internal secretion organs (diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases);
diseases of the visual organs (myopia, presbyopia);
anemia, etc.

The variety of diseases that are accompanied by severe dizziness and nausea require painstaking differential diagnosis in order to identify the exact cause.

Systemic dizziness

A quarter of patients when visiting a doctor complain of true, or vestibular vertigo. It is often accompanied by other vegetative disorders:

nausea, vomiting;
hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating);
changes in heart rate, fluctuations in blood pressure;
nystagmus (involuntary rhythmic oscillatory movements of the eyeballs).

The following types of systemic dizziness are distinguished:

When you feel yourself rotating in the environment – proprioceptive;
With the illusion of “swinging on the waves”, “falling” down, uneven support - tactile;
With the apparent rotation of surrounding objects - visual.

Based on the level of damage, central and peripheral vestibular syndromes (CVS and PVS) are distinguished.

CVS is characterized by the following features:

Occurs due to pathology of vestibular formations in the brain.
The dizziness is not very strong, but long-lasting (maybe several days).
During acute processes affecting the vestibular nuclei, a feeling of strong rotation may occur. Residual symptoms of vestibular dysfunction can last for years.
Hearing impairment occurs rarely and is associated with damage to parts of the midbrain. It causes bilateral hearing loss.
The nystagmus that occurs during CVS has some differences:

it can be multiple (i.e., the movement of the eyeballs is carried out in different planes - vertical, diagonal, converging);
in one eye the nystagmus is brighter than in the other;
the upper limbs and body deviate towards the nystagmus or remain in place.

PVS is diagnosed based on the following features:

Its cause is damage to the inner ear, vestibular ganglion and root of the 8th pair of cranial nerves.
Dizziness is accompanied by vivid sensations of rotation, expressed by autonomic disorders in the form of nausea, vomiting, but continues as long as possible during the day.
There is no clinic during the inter-relapse period. Residual dysfunction resolves quickly.
Typically, hearing acuity decreases and noise in the ear is bothersome.
Nystagmus is characterized by the following differences:

spontaneous oscillatory movements of the eyeballs are limited to the horizontal plane;
on the right and left the amplitude and frequency of oscillations are the same;
the arms and body deviate in the direction opposite to nystagmus.

The next step is to bring all the symptoms together. If they fit within the framework of one pathology, then the disease takes on a certain nosological form. If not, then the diagnosis specifies only the level of damage.

The most common but rarely diagnosed nosologies of dizziness

The stage of making a diagnosis for non-systemic dizziness is solved quite effectively, and disorders of the peripheral part of the vestibular apparatus are often hidden under the guise of other non-systemic diseases.

Psychogenic dizziness occupies a special place. According to American researchers, this species ranks second among other causes. It develops both in the presence of the disease and in its absence.

In people after forty years of age, so-called vertebrogenic dizziness often occurs. This type of vestibular disorder is often confused with cervical osteochondrosis.

A common cause of dizziness is acute (labyrinthitis, vestibular neuronitis) and chronic (sensorineural hearing loss, ) ear diseases, among which otitis media plays an important role.

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

This pathology has been known since 1952, and in 17-35% of cases it is the main cause of dizziness. However, in the Russian medical literature it is poorly covered, so the bright and specific onset of the disease is often mistaken for a stroke.

With certain turns of the body or head, a feeling of strong rotation appears, accompanied by nausea, vomiting and nystagmus. The attacks occur violently, almost daily, but usually not for very long (maximum one minute). When a person changes body position, the manifestations of the disease stop.

Dizziness is caused by the following movements:

if a person lies on his back;
gets out of bed and takes a vertical position;
turns from back to side;
throws his head back;
tilts the head or torso forward.

Nystagmus is directed towards the ground. Hearing is usually not affected.

Vascular medications, abundantly prescribed for the treatment of so-called stroke, do not help with this pathology. BPPV is caused by the movement of ear stones into the ampullary receptor of the semicircular tubules and its irritation. In the normal state, otoliths act as “weights” in the perception of gravity and acceleration. If they come off the membrane, they provoke an attack.

Diagnosis of the disease is confirmed by performing the Dix-Hallpike test. It is informative and quite simple to implement, however, as practice shows, only ENT doctors are familiar with it.

Treatment for this disease is quite simple: fragments of ear stones return to their place in 80% of cases when a special vestibular maneuver is performed. The doctor (usually an otolaryngologist) performs a certain alternation of turns of the head and torso.

Vertebrogenically caused vestibulopathy

Based on the patient's complaints of dizziness associated with turning or tilting the head, a preliminary diagnosis of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine is made. If the x-ray picture is confirmed, then the diagnosis is made. Dizziness is explained by insufficiency of cerebral circulation, which occurs as a result of compression of the vessels running in the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. And no one finds it strange that dizziness is the only sign of cerebral ischemia. Usually, with a true violation of the blood circulation of the brain, changes in the functioning of other organs and systems of central origin appear. Deterioration in vision, hearing, balance, changes in sensitivity or motor function of the upper or lower extremities, and numbness in facial areas may be detected.

Ultrasound of the vessels of the neck and brain and MRI may reveal no signs of cerebral ischemia. In this case, the cause of short-term dizziness is vertebrogenically caused vestibulopathy.

With age, not only the osteochondral system undergoes changes, but also the receptor system: degenerative disorders affect the mechanoreceptors, which provide information to the vestibular system. As a result, the vestibular apparatus receives incorrect signals about the position of the head, which is accompanied by the occurrence of short-term dizziness. This is complemented by conflicting information about the distance to objects coming from the visual organs to the cerebral cortex, which is associated with age-related farsightedness.

Vestibular neuronitis

Due to some features, a viral etiology of the disease is assumed:

seasonal: peak at the end of spring;
signs of epidemic damage: several family members often fall ill.

The attack occurs suddenly, is accompanied by severe vegetative symptoms, and lasts from several hours to several days. The resulting nystagmus corresponds to all the characteristics of the PVS. A person loses the ability to move, as any attempt to change the position of the body is accompanied by a severe attack. Interestingly, symptoms may improve with gaze fixation.

Sometimes the attack may be preceded by a slight dizziness that occurs several hours before. It persists for quite a long time after the attack in the form of residual effects.

Psychogenic dizziness

The expression “dizzy with happiness” is one of the characteristics of psychogenic dizziness (PG). Unfortunately, patients with this diagnosis rarely feel dizzy on happy occasions.

The difficulty of diagnosis lies in the fact that PG can enhance the existing clinical picture of vestibular or non-systemic dizziness, or bother the patient in the absence of organic reasons for such symptoms.

In the first case, it can manifest itself as a response to stress in connection with the emergence of a clinical picture of the disease, and in the second, it can accompany mental disorders or certain types of neuroses.

Psychopathy does not always immediately manifest itself when visiting a doctor. Typically, patients complain of non-systemic dizziness, then autonomic disorders appear in the form of nausea, vomiting, hyperhidrosis, etc. Over time, the symptoms are aggravated by the appearance of anxiety, sleep problems, and emotional disorders.

Usually the attack is provoked by stress, but patients rarely tell the doctor about this, as they associate personality changes with the existing dizziness and their anxiety about this.

The most common type of PG is phobic postural dizziness. The person complains of coordination problems, but no signs of them are detected. He develops a fear of falling, although the facts themselves have not been recorded. Typically, anxiety occurs in certain places, which provokes an attack of dizziness and autonomic disorders.

With this diagnosis, psychotherapy provides good help.

TV channel "Russia-1", program "About the Most Important Thing", theme "Dizziness: Find your reason"

TVC channel, program “Doctor I” on the topic “Dizziness”:

A sudden loss of coordination, blurred vision, a feeling as if everything around is spinning and “floating” is called dizziness. Many things can cause this symptom. It is very dangerous when dizziness is felt with normal blood pressure. In this case, you need to not only know how to properly provide help, but also urgently identify the cause of this ailment.

What is dizziness

Before finding out what happened, you need to determine whether it is dizziness. Vertigo (the medical term for the ailment in question) is when a person has the feeling that he himself is rotating around his axis, while standing still, or something happens to nearby people or surrounding objects. It is caused by a disruption of the brain, more specifically, the vestibular apparatus, but it can be provoked by various reasons.

Note!

Dizziness is always accompanied by nausea!

People often complain that they feel dizzy, but in reality these are completely different ailments. For example, if your vision “goes dark” and a short-term clouding of consciousness occurs when you suddenly get out of bed, this is not dizziness. This is orthostatic collapse, which provokes a sharp outflow of blood from the head, and can be caused by a decrease in hemoglobin, impaired muscle tone, shock, severe pain, and the approach of an epileptic seizure.

We cannot talk about vertigo if only:

weakness;
a sudden attack of nausea;
instability;
movement disorder;
feeling of impending fainting;
confused consciousness;
slow, confused speech.

Symptoms and signs

When a person feels movement around objects, this is accompanied by additional symptoms. In addition to nausea, it may be:

uncoordinated eye movements;
vomit;
increased sweating;
weakness;
hearing impairment (as if the person is in a vacuum);
difficulty speaking;
clouding of consciousness;
weakness.

The sensations can last from a few seconds to several hours, appear regularly or only a couple of times in life.

Fact!

Sometimes the dizziness is so severe that a person cannot get out of bed for several days.

What causes you to stagger and feel very dizzy if your blood pressure is normal?

In women, against the background of high or low blood pressure, dizziness occurs quite often. But sometimes pressure has nothing to do with it. Then the cause of dizziness is:

inflammatory processes in the inner ear. This is where the vestibular apparatus is located, which regulates movements and is responsible for coordination. Dizziness can be caused by otitis media or Meniere's sign, or the cause may be physical trauma to the ear;
brain pathologies. These could be infections, tumors, injuries, concussions;
. If vertebral discs are displaced in the neck area, this impairs blood flow, prevents oxygen from reaching the brain, and as a result, dizziness;
mental disorders. We are not necessarily talking about serious health problems. It could be stress, panic, fear, phobias;
taking medications. Most often this applies to antidepressants, as well as some drugs that have a narcotic effect.

Fact!

Urine and blood tests are required.

Before prescribing treatment you must:

identify or exclude anemia;
determine blood sugar and glucose levels;
make a cardiogram to identify problems with;
conduct a test for the presence of vestibular disorders.

If dizziness is a rare concern, the patient will be asked to come back after a while to repeat the examination. In severe situations, it is possible to be admitted to a hospital for constant monitoring.

Treatment of vertigo

After the diagnosis is announced, treatment is prescribed.

Most often these are tranquilizers, antihistamines and vestibulolytic drugs (melozin, lorazepam, diazepam, promesin, etc.). Medications help relieve panic attacks, depression, anxiety, and other effects of stress.

Quite often, patients are prescribed metoclopramide or some other drugs that help prevent vomiting.

Antispasmodics and antihistamines help relieve pain, itching and other unpleasant symptoms that make the patient even more nervous.

Note!

All drugs have contraindications and can cause side effects, so they can only be taken after being prescribed by a doctor.

Medical approach

If the cause of dizziness with normal blood pressure is established, treatment is more targeted:

Need to know!

Medicines should be taken only after they have been prescribed by a doctor. Self-medication is unacceptable!

Folk remedies

Dizziness at normal blood pressure can also be relieved using traditional medicine recipes:

tea Pour a glass of boiling water over a spoonful of red clover flowers, cover and leave until completely cool. Strain and take by the table. spoon 4 times a day;
Chop the fern leaves and pour boiling water at the rate of one glass per table spoon. When it cools down, strain and take by the table. spoon 20 minutes before meals;
regularly place cotton pads soaked in camphor in the room.

Take note!

A diet high in nuts, legumes, cucumbers and cheese helps restore the functioning of the vestibular apparatus.

Special exercises aimed at rehabilitation of the vestibular system help speed up recovery.

The purpose of therapeutic gymnastics is:

increase the strength and endurance of the body;
restore a sense of balance;
coordinate hand and eye movements.

Every day, after waking up, you need to do eye exercises. It's very simple. It is enough to look up and down, left and right, without moving your head. The first time a few seconds are enough, gradually the time needs to be increased.

The same movements should be made with the head. First with open, then with closed eyes.

Sitting on a stool with a flat, hard surface, tilt your head back, and then bend over and touch the floor with your fingers. Gradually, the exercise can be complicated and you can not touch the floor, but lift a ball or any other object.

How to relieve dizziness

When the head suddenly begins to feel dizzy, a person begins to panic, and this makes the situation even worse. It’s good if there are loved ones nearby who will help. But you must be prepared to help yourself on your own.

You need to lie down or sit in a comfortable position. Unfasten the buttons on your shirt or belt so that nothing is squeezing your body and preventing you from breathing. You should close your eyes and try to relax as much as possible, breathe slowly but deeply. There is no need to hold back vomiting. Usually after an attack it becomes easier.

It is advisable to wet your face and temples with water or a damp cloth.

When it becomes easier, there is no need to rush to get up. It is also better not to make sudden movements. It is best to call your family or friends and ask them to help you get home. If it does not get better, or the attack does not recur for the first time, you need to call an ambulance.

Note!

Dizziness can be caused by taking medications. Read the instructions carefully before taking the drug.

Forecast

Dizziness with normal blood pressure is often left without due attention, attributing everything to changes in weather and other reasons. But if you do not take the necessary measures, everything can even end in death.

Thus, dizziness due to ear problems can go away on its own, like the disease itself, or it can make a person incapacitated. Defeat is even more dangerous. Dizziness may indicate a stroke or other equally serious problems.

And the symptom itself is dangerous. If you suddenly feel dizzy, you could fall, get seriously injured, get into an accident, or cause one.

Those who regularly experience such symptoms need to take increased safety measures both at home and on the street:

do not make sudden movements;
you need to wear comfortable shoes and clothes;
have a bottle of camphor and water with you;
eat normally, avoid feeling hungry;
At home, make sure there are no sharp corners, remove objects from the floor that can get caught;
do not drink alcohol, coffee, reduce the amount of salt;
get enough sleep, lead a healthy lifestyle;
protect yourself from stress;
drink more water.

In case of chronic dizziness, it is necessary to refrain from working on equipment that requires increased attention and from driving.

Vertigo with normal blood pressure indicates serious problems in the body. If you experience an attack at least twice, seek help from a doctor.

The appearance of nausea and dizziness is usually associated with disorders of the digestive tract. Meanwhile, a combination of such symptoms may indicate a number of serious diseases or organic disorders that require immediate medical intervention.

Any pathological process occurring in the body due to external influences or organic causes causes a physiological response (the rate of metabolic processes changes, energy costs are reduced as much as possible). These measures mobilize the body's protective properties and its ability to withstand negative influences, the so-called reactivity of the body.

Nausea is a kind of reflex distress signal, a sign of serious health disorders (in this case, disorientation), a physiological way of temporarily “turning off” the stomach and the entire digestive tract. As a rule, it is accompanied by increased heart rate and slower breathing.

Keepers of Balance

The ability to walk upright, maintain balance with eyes closed and in any position is provided by the vestibular, visual and musculoskeletal systems of a person in combination through their nerve receptors. The signals coming from them are received by a special part of the brain - the cerebellum, the main analyzer that coordinates the work of this complex. A failure at any part of the chain that conducts or generates nerve impulses can theoretically cause coordination problems, including in combination with nausea.

About 80 diseases have this unpleasant symptom. More often, it is caused by various functional disorders.

Why do you feel dizzy?

Understanding how the mechanism of spatial orientation of each of us works, we can assume the following reasons for its failures:

diseases of the nervous system responsible for transmitting nerve signals to the brain (neuritis, neuronitis, spinal diseases, consequences of head injuries, especially delayed ones, viral damage to nervous tissue);
inner ear diseases;
ophthalmological diseases that cause distortion of visual images;
disturbances in the blood supply to the inner ear and brain;
complications of a number of infectious diseases (inflammatory processes) in the form of edema and compression of brain tissue.

The quality of blood supply to the brain and inner ear depends on the quantity and composition of blood entering them, the configuration and size of the lumen of the vessels. These indicators may be influenced by the following factors:

diseases of the cardiovascular system (heartbeat irregularities, various defects, hypertension);
endocrine disorders;
anemia;
increased blood viscosity;
fasting and dehydration;
intoxication (food poisoning, self-poisoning of the body due to renal and/or liver failure, consequences of radiation and chemotherapy, cancer itself);
neoplasms localized in the brain and neck;
aneurysms of large cerebral vessels;
spasm, narrowing of cerebral vessels (in elderly patients - atherosclerosis);
vertebral artery syndrome.

Blood viscosity levels are affected by the level of “bad” cholesterol.

When dizziness “hides” in the ear

The most important part of the vestibular apparatus is the so-called cochlea, located in the human inner ear, the size of a grain of rice. It is densely covered with nerve receptors that act as sensitive “touch sensors.” The cochlea contains a so-called membrane and 3 semicircular canals, which are semicircles of microscopic hollow tubes oriented in 3 planes.

In the cavity of the cochlea there are microscopic (the size of a red blood cell) calcium crystals - otoliths. Figuratively speaking, otoliths are like fine sand in a closed vessel. When a person stands still, “sand” lies at the bottom of this vessel. When a person lies down, sand begins to pour onto his wall, which assumes a horizontal position. At the same time, its receptors are activated, signals from which are transmitted to the brain in the form of nerve impulses: information about a change in position is “formed” there. Thus, the slightest movement of otoliths causes a reaction in the receptors.

Important! The otolytic membrane and the semicircular tubule system are supplied with blood from different “sources”, and the membrane is more sensitive to its deficiency.

The physiological norm is the location of otoliths on the membrane. As a result of traumatic brain injury, excessive stress, or due to age-related changes, otoliths enter the semicircular tubules, activating the receptors located there. The brain receives inconsistent signals both from the tubules (about movement in three planes at once, since there are 3 tubules) and from the otolytic membrane. The inability of the brain to coordinate body movements in such a situation causes disorientation.

Types of dizziness

Dizziness is a condition in which there is a sensation of movement around the body or movement of the body around surrounding objects. There are systemic (or true, cerebral) and non-systemic dizziness. Diagnostic techniques and therapeutic methods for these symptoms are radically different.

Dizziness is classified as systemic when the patient can clearly describe the nature of his sensations: rotation of the surrounding space to the right, left, a feeling of falling down, a continuous rise up. This is a symptom of damage to certain parts of the nervous system or inner ear.

Non-systemic dizziness, strictly speaking, is not such. It differs sharply from the systemic one in the severity and nature of the sensations; they are unclear and very “approximate”: this is a short-term darkening in the eyes, a feeling of swaying, weakness throughout the body, lightheadedness, instability and unsteadiness of gait.

This instability is often mistaken for true dizziness and lightheadedness, when the floor literally “disappears” from under your feet. Presyncope is characterized by signs such as paleness and cold sweat. A headache can be a precursor to loss of consciousness. Such conditions are a symptom of vegetative-vascular dystonia.

When it comes to endocrine disorders

Dizziness and nausea can signal endocrine disorders such as:

diabetes mellitus (sharp fluctuations in glucose levels are especially dangerous);
Hypothyroidism (thyroid deficiency) is often accompanied by decreased appetite, chilliness, dryness and flaking of the skin.

Sudden changes in a person’s hormonal levels can lead to an increase in the tone of the vascular walls.

Mental disorders

The sense of balance is the most ancient sense of man, so its loss causes panic and fear, sometimes even fear of death.

Emotional overload, mental trauma, mental distress, panic, anxiety, and overwork often take on “physical” symptoms. Such symptoms are called psychosomatic pathologies. People prone to neuroses may experience negative olfactory or visual sensations, which result in so-called psychogenic nausea.

Note! Depression and prolonged stress can cause dizziness. These causes are even classified into a separate category called depressive disorders.

The long-term nature of the symptom (up to several years) indicates the psychosomatic nature of dizziness and nausea. Mental illnesses in rare cases cause taste hallucinations and taste perversions. Such symptoms can be relieved by prescribing sedatives.

Causes of dizziness, called systemic

Systemic dizziness is caused by a fairly narrow range of diseases, the most common of which are:

Benign positional paroxysmal (paroxysmal) vertigo syndrome (BPPV). It occurs when there is a sudden change in body position, causing clearly conscious sensations. The disease is treated quite easily, and its manifestations are not intense. There may be short-term hearing loss in patients. The manifestations of such dizziness sometimes last up to 2 days. There are simple techniques, the so-called vestibular gymnastics - a maneuver with the help of which the otoliths move to the so-called orifice (back to the otolithic membrane).

Meniere's disease characterized by such severe dizziness that a person is sometimes unable to move, work, or get out of bed. Loss of stability in Meniere's disease is always accompanied by nausea and sometimes vomiting. The patient is bothered by ringing (or noise) in the ears, up to hearing loss, and more often on one side. The disease is associated with fluid accumulation, swelling and inflammation of the semicircular canals. The disease requires intensive therapy (diuretics are prescribed to relieve swelling). A severe attack lasts 2-3 hours, then the patient’s condition completely normalizes until the next attack. In general, dizziness attacks last longer than with BPPV.
Damage to the nerves that conduct nerve impulses from the semicircular canals. Nerve damage can be toxic (poisons, alcohol). Sometimes nerve damage is caused by benign canal tumors, so-called neuromas. The miniature size of the semicircular tubules is the reason for the early appearance of neuroma symptoms: the growing tumor quickly fills the volume of the canal, causing compression of the surrounding tissues and dizziness. Neuromas can occur in people of any age, and are more common in women. Diagnosis of neuromas is easily carried out using CT and MRI.
Tumor, inflammatory lesions or stroke of the temporal region of the brain containing auditory analyzers. This area of the brain is responsible for receiving and processing auditory sensations. Bilateral hearing loss or noise in both ears is a sign of such lesions.

Diagnosis of systemic coordination disorders involves the use of a number of instrumental studies.

Why do non-systemic dizziness occur?

Non-systemic dizziness is caused by a wide range of diseases. The most likely causes of such dizziness are:

panic attack;
cardiac problems;
dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Symptoms of cardiovascular diseases associated with coordination disorders look like this:

pain under the shoulder blade, sudden general weakness combined with shortness of breath may accompany myocardial infarction;
a feeling of fullness in the head or a dull headache combined with nausea indicates a sharp jump in blood pressure.

If a heart rhythm failure leads to loss of balance, this is a serious sign indicating a lack of blood supply to the brain. Precise control of heart rate at such moments is vital.

Vertebral artery syndrome

The term osteochondrosis refers to irreversible (usually degenerative) changes in the cartilage tissue of the spinal column. Osteochondrosis can cause symptoms such as dizziness if there is narrowing (compression) of the largest vessel supplying the brain with blood. Narrowing of the artery can be congenital, and for the time being there is no way to detect it. Diagnosis of the condition of the neck vessels is carried out using ultrasound. Impaired blood flow is less likely to cause herniated or slipped discs (protrusion).

Anxious aura

Loss of coordination may precede a migraine - an unbearable throbbing pain concentrated in half the head or temples, eyeballs, and neck. Along with other manifestations - visual (distortion of the contours of objects), auditory (ringing in the ears), sensitive (tingling, sensation of crawling), motor (involuntary twitching of the limbs, inability to take a certain position) - impaired coordination and a feeling of nausea make up the so-called aura ( a kind of overture), which in 20% of cases precedes an attack. The development (increase of symptoms) of the aura lasts 5-20 minutes and lasts about an hour. All its symptoms are reversible.

Frequent migraine attacks may be the first signs of a brain tumor or a manifestation of congenital pathology in the form of vascular glomeruli, abnormal interweaving of brain vessels (malformations) and require medical attention, especially if the pain does not stop for more than a day.

Tick-borne encephalitis

Tick-borne encephalitis is a viral infection resulting from an encephalitis tick bite. This disease affects the gray matter of the brain, causing persistent neurological complications. In the absence of adequate therapy, the disease leads to partial or complete disability of a person and even death.

All forms of this dangerous infection are accompanied by high fever (up to 38°-40°) for several days, increasing headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, increased skin sensitivity, and involuntary muscle twitching.

The initial manifestations of the disease are very similar to the flu. The reliable fact of a tick bite, the intensity and specificity of the manifestations, coupled with laboratory data, allow us to make an unambiguous diagnosis.

Hypertensive crisis

Hypertensive crisis is a sudden and rapid increase in blood pressure. The developed disease produces neurological signs such as a dull pain localized in the back of the head, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, and flashing black dots before the eyes. Short-term loss of vision and short-term convulsions, chills or, on the contrary, excessive sweating, weakness and a feeling of weakness are possible.

A specific sign of increased blood pressure is redness of the face and an overexcited state of a person.

Important! Normal blood pressure levels vary from person to person, but complications during a hypertensive crisis can develop at any blood pressure level.

Stroke

Stroke is a dangerous complication of hypertension, a consequence of a sharp increase in blood pressure. Acute cerebrovascular accidents often lead to tragic irreversible consequences. Intensive therapy during the first hour of illness minimizes the consequences of a brain catastrophe. Compliance with the medical principle “the first hour is the golden hour” is vital here.

Common symptoms that, when combined with dizziness and nausea, suggest a stroke:

profuse vomiting, especially dangerous in case of loss of consciousness;
slurred speech, difficulty forming words and understanding them, inability to focus on one object;
complete inability to walk or partial loss of coordination;
numbness of half the body, facial distortion;
loss of consciousness.

People who have suffered a stroke sometimes describe unusual sensations: as if something in their head was bursting with a loud sound.

Over time, stroke symptoms may worsen.

Important! 30% of strokes are hemorrhagic (associated with bleeding in the brain), which require urgent assistance from a neurosurgeon. This should be taken into account when choosing a medical institution.

Life threatening!

Dizziness in combination with the following symptoms is life-threatening:

temperature above 38º (meningitis);
double vision (pathology of the optic nerve, stroke);
disorders of swallowing, speech and/or hearing (a sign of a heart attack of various locations, stroke);
numbness of some parts of the body;
increasing pain in the chest or under the shoulder blade;
prolonged vomiting leading to dehydration;
confusion or loss of consciousness, overexcitation, delirium.

The listed symptoms are reasons to immediately consult a doctor.

Dizziness when taking certain medications

Some anticonvulsant drugs affect the part of the brain that receives signals from the vestibular system and can cause nausea and dizziness.

Some antibiotics are ototoxic.

Hypertensive crisis and dizziness can develop as a side effect of a number of drugs or as a consequence of the combined action of several drugs (in case of mutual enhancement of their action).

Diagnostic features

Making a diagnosis of coordination disorders accompanied by nausea requires a non-standard approach, the patient and thoughtful attitude of a qualified doctor and involves taking into account many nuances, including:

pulse rate at the time of the attack;
blood pressure indicators;
presence of intoxications (study of the patient’s lifestyle and work);
the connection between the appearance of a symptom and a change in head position or a change in posture (clarification of the question of whether orthostatic hypotension occurs);
mandatory fundus examination;
neurological tests.

The severity and correlation of all symptoms of the disease, established during a detailed interview with the patient, data from laboratory and instrumental studies provide the basis for making a diagnosis.

Diagnosis of BPPV

Diagnosis of BPPV is carried out as follows. The doctor asks a person lying in a certain position to make small-scale movements with the eyeballs to the right and left (the so-called nystagmus), watching his hand. The signals from the auditory and visual receptors become disordered and come into conflict with each other: the eyes of a person at rest record movement. This stimulates dizziness (the situation is reminiscent of motion sickness in transport).

The dizziness that occurs in this situation is of a benign positional nature.

Note! BPPV is not accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

First aid for dizziness

Sudden loss of coordination can result in serious and disabling injuries. The first step is to sit down a person who is dizzy, or better yet, to lay him down. If a person is indoors, it is necessary to create an influx of fresh air. To increase blood flow to the head, he should elevate his legs using improvised objects, for example, a bag, folded clothes.

The risk of dizziness and nausea is increased by alcohol, stale air, heat, cigarette smoke, strong odors, and a full stomach. Drinking during an attack can stimulate vomiting, so it is better to get rid of dry mouth in case of thirst by rinsing your mouth.

To quickly get rid of an attack, you should squeeze your palms tightly and not close your eyes, but fix your gaze on a stationary object.

Note! Acupressure of the center of the bridge of the nose (the point between the eyebrows) helps to stop an attack.

Even a single episode of severe dizziness should be a reason to visit a doctor.

The cause of dizziness and nausea usually lies at the intersection of the pathology of the ear and the nervous system. There can be serious problems behind banal dizziness: it is extremely important to accurately and timely find out the cause and reliably eliminate it.

Anyone who has experienced dizziness knows exactly how it manifests itself - it is very reminiscent of what a heavily drunk person experiences. Suddenly you get the feeling that you’ve been spun around by a tornado; everything around you seems to start spinning and losing its outline, blurring.

The person is disoriented, cannot stand on his feet, and may even feel nauseous. In medicine, this condition has a scientific name - vertigo. It is caused by a disorder of the vestibular system, but what causes this disorder remains to be seen.

Anyone who has experienced dizziness knows exactly how it manifests itself - it is very similar to what a heavily drunk person experiences. Suddenly you get the feeling that you’ve been spun around by a tornado; everything around you seems to start spinning and losing its outline, blurring.

Manifestation of attacks

People who feel dizzy know how this state of manifestation manifests itself.

This is very similar to the condition resulting from alcohol intoxication. The sensation is sharp and often appears suddenly.

Everything around you begins to spin, clear contours disappear, and the picture itself may become blurry.

When a person loses coordination, it becomes difficult to stand on their feet and nausea is possible.

In medical practice, this condition is called vertigo. Dizziness is often caused by malfunctions of the vestibular apparatus, which leads to discomfort.

It is necessary to determine the exact reasons that can cause dizziness and fainting.

Only after this can you begin treatment and get rid of such a symptom.

Diagnostics

Dizziness, as well as lack of coordination, are not a separate disease, but are only one of the symptoms of diseases and other ailments.

Dizziness accompanies a large number of diseases. To correctly diagnose diseases and prescribe treatment, it is worth familiarizing yourself with them.

The disease can be diagnosed using many methods, including laboratory, instrumental, and objective studies of the patient’s sensations.

An electrocardiogram, electroencephalography, ultrasound examination of vessels in the neck and brain, as well as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are considered important. Using the methods listed above, the cause of dizziness is guaranteed to become known.

During the examination of the patient, the doctor pays close attention to collecting anamnesis. He clarifies the time of onset of these symptoms, the nature of dizziness, accompanying symptoms, the presence of injuries, hearing loss or vision loss. The doctor will definitely ask the patient what medications he is taking and whether he drinks alcohol or drugs.

Since these sensations are just symptoms, you need to know what diseases they may be accompanied by.

Only a doctor can correctly identify heart disease that causes dizziness. You can start with a therapist. He has at his disposal a whole arsenal of studies that will help to see the picture of the disease not only by external symptoms, but also by those signs that are not visible at first glance.

Based on his assumptions, the doctor may prescribe you:

ECG,
x-ray,
CT heart,
MRI of the heart,
angiogram (examination of blood vessels using a contrast agent),
additional special tests.

You should not be afraid of the examination - it is painless, but after it you will not have to doubt why your head is spinning. If necessary, the doctor will additionally refer you to his fellow specialists.

There are different causes of nausea and dizziness in humans. Sometimes this is a temporary phenomenon that does not have negative consequences. But more often the causes are various pathologies.

When collecting anamnesis, the doctor examines the patient very carefully. During the conversation, the time when dizziness and nausea appeared, the nature of these symptoms, and other manifestations that are of concern are clarified.

The next stage of diagnosis will be laboratory and various instrumental examinations. Which ones exactly will depend on the doctor’s decision.

In many cases, the cause of true dizziness, nausea and serious coordination problems are malfunctions of the vestibular apparatus, which is actually responsible for a person’s sense of balance.

Dizziness, nausea, lack of coordination - the cause of the vestibular system disease

Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo

The disease is characterized by sudden short-term (no more than 60 seconds) attacks of dizziness, sometimes with nausea and vomiting, necessarily associated with a change in the patient’s body position in space.

Does not have additional painful symptoms, such as hearing loss or headache. With proper timely diagnosis and treatment, it passes without consequences for the person.

Vestibular neuritis

There are extremely serious infectious diseases that cause dizziness, nausea and loss of coordination. It is important not to miss their beginning and not to confuse them with simple weakness.

Meningitis is a severe and dangerous disease in which extensive infectious inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord and brain can lead to death.

Vertigo can be caused by both fairly harmless reasons and serious diseases that require consultation with a doctor.

Dizziness in itself is not a life-threatening condition, however, it can pose a danger to the patient when, for example, he becomes dizzy at high altitude, on an escalator, on a steep staircase, next to the side of a sea vessel, etc. The danger in such situations is that a person who is dizzy can lose their balance and fall, causing serious injury to themselves.

If the patient has adapted to the fact that he is often and severely dizzy, and does not see a doctor, this is fraught with the fact that if there is any causative disease, it progresses, and the patient does not receive proper treatment, which can lead to complications, lack of effect from late treatment, etc.

Vestibular neuritis

Meningitis

This is where additional effects come from, such as darkening of the eyes and muscle weakness. But we should not forget that all of the above “controllers” of our perception are subordinate to the main organ in our body – the brain.

Many people are interested in the causes of sudden dizziness, since each of us has encountered such a situation at least once.

This state will leave your body within a few seconds, but discomfort may still remain. Some people may experience ringing in their ears or darkening of their vision.

Such effects are formed as a result of the redistribution of blood through arteries and veins.

There are also reasons for sudden dizziness that have absolutely nothing to do with how you change your body position. This may include:

intake of small amounts of nutrients and vitamins into the body;
constant lack of sleep and overwork;
a sharp decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood (most often this condition is observed in pregnant women, as well as in women during menstruation).

All of the above causes of sudden dizziness are a consequence of a small amount of oxygen entering the brain. Thus, the human brain cannot cope with the load, and therefore weakness appears in the body, the head begins to spin, balance is lost, and the heart does not beat so fast.

In order to cope with such a problem, you need to properly build a daily routine. Play sports, walk more often in the fresh air, eat right, and get enough rest.

Try to consume plenty of vitamins. You can drink active vitamin complexes.

Usually, sudden dizziness for no reason is not a cause for concern. However, if you feel dizzy more and more often, and a person feels worse and worse, then this is a reason to seriously think about your health and undergo a medical examination.

If you eat large amounts of fatty and fried foods, then you may begin to deposit cholesterol on the walls of your blood vessels. And this, in turn, leads to the fact that insufficient oxygen reaches the brain. This results in headaches, loss of balance, weakness and nausea.

Stroke is a very serious disease associated with impaired blood supply to the brain. It is characterized not only by dizziness, but also by loss of coordination, impaired speech function and breathing problems. This disease is very dangerous for human life, so doctors strongly recommend alternating sleep and rest patterns correctly and eating right.

Dizziness can also be caused by diseases of the digestive system. Dizziness and weakness may result from serious poisoning. It may also be due to metabolic disorders.

Vestibular neuritis

Meningitis

ECG, X-ray, CT of the heart, MRI of the heart, angiogram (examination of blood vessels using a contrast agent), additional special tests.

You should not be afraid of the examination - it is painless, but after it you will not have to doubt why your head is spinning. If necessary, the doctor will additionally refer you to his fellow specialists.

Associated symptoms

As a rule, when a person loses coordination and becomes dizzy, it becomes difficult for him to stay in one position.

While walking, the gait changes, and chaotic swings of the arms appear. If the problem is due to an advanced disease, then without help such a patient will not be able to sit or stand on his own.

Dizziness often appears in people with encephalitis, as well as cerebellar tumors.

Very often, dizziness, nausea, and lack of coordination, the cause of which does not lie in a disease of the body, are the result of improper human behavior.

For example, such moments include:

poor nutrition (fasting or violation of diet rules);
"seasickness";
sudden change in weather;
drinking alcohol.

Diet violations

If you make mistakes in your diet (ill-thought-out vegetarianism, complete refusal of carbohydrates, etc.), manifestations of hypoglycemia, anemia, or simply hungry dizziness are possible. If you completely give up salt, your blood pressure may drop, which can also cause dizziness.

Fasting is always accompanied by a decrease in blood glucose levels. The brain does not receive enough nutrition. And the person feels dizzy. Small but frequent (at least 6 times a day) consumption of a minimum amount of food will help to avoid this.

Motion sickness

Seasickness is weakness and dizziness. as well as nausea and vomiting during long train rides, cars, ships, plane rides, or excessive rides on amusement rides.

The cause of dizziness, nausea and lack of coordination may be “seasickness”

In these situations, the human body may not be able to cope with signals arriving through various channels. Children and only about 1% of adults are more susceptible to motion sickness. Special medications help relieve discomfort.

Change in atmospheric pressure

Any chronic diseases, especially those of a vascular nature, as well as weakening of the human body after illness and in the presence of age-related changes, can cause increased sensitivity to changes in weather conditions.

In this case, mild dizziness or lightheadedness, migraines, which can be relieved with short-term medications, are possible.

Alcohol intoxication

The use of drugs (including alcohol) has a strong effect on the areas of the brain responsible for coordination and balance. They lose the ability to correctly detect the signals being sent. The slightest movement of the body causes dizziness, accompanied by nausea and loss of coordination, the cause of which is intoxication.

Excessive alcohol consumption can cause injury or even death

If dizziness, nausea, or lack of coordination, the cause of which is not clear, appears constantly or quite often, this should be the basis for contacting a doctor.

It is necessary, if possible, to accurately remember the circumstances of the appearance and the full picture of the manifestation of unpleasant symptoms - this will make it easier for a specialist to diagnose the underlying disease.

Dizziness and hearing impairment most often occur with diseases of the inner ear or damage to areas of the brain in the vestibular nuclei or cerebellum. In addition to sensations of rotation of the body in space or surrounding objects around the patient, pain in the ear on the affected side, leakage of fluid or pus from the ear canal, tinnitus, and distorted perception of sound by the ear on the affected side may also occur.

Sometimes dizziness and hearing loss can occur during treatment with ototoxic antibiotics - amikacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, etc.

Starvation

Motion sickness

Diets are a complex process that should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. But often people try to adhere to various dietary restrictions without consulting a doctor.

Starvation

Motion sickness

“Seasickness” is weakness and dizziness, as well as nausea and vomiting during a long trip by train, car, ship, plane flight or excessive rides on attractions.

Treatment

At home, you can use other methods to relieve discomfort:

Use biloba tincture, which is easy to buy at the pharmacy.
Use fresh juices, preferably on an empty stomach. Beetroot, carrot and pomegranate juices are suitable for this.
Drink teas based on medicinal herbs, for example, linden, mint. You can also drink ginger root tea with lemon and honey.
To treat dizziness, you need to drink an infusion of parsley seeds. Enough for 1 tsp. add a glass of boiling water, leave for 8 hours, then add another glass of water and take 2-3 sips throughout the day. The entire volume is calculated per day.
It is useful to take seaweed powder. It can be purchased at a pharmacy. Not only does it have a positive effect on the vestibular system, but the product is also very beneficial for health.

If symptoms appear frequently, then you will need to adjust your diet, work day, as well as physical and mental stress.

It is unacceptable to let such a state take its course. The causes of ailments must be sought and eliminated through treatment of diseases.

Due to the fact that there are quite a lot of possible diseases associated with dizziness, this means that there are no less methods of treatment. Here, not only symptomatic, but also etiological and pathogenetic treatment is used.

Symptomatic treatment deals with the elimination of causes and symptoms. Etiological treatment eliminates the cause of vertigo, and pathogenetic treatment affects the mechanism that provoked the disease.

All of them are divided into conservative methods, including treatment with medications and developed maneuvers, traditional methods and operations.

Conservative treatment

Maneuvers used to treat dizziness involve doing things to help improve the condition.

The following types of maneuvers are used: Semont, Epley, Lempert maneuver. The Semont maneuver involves turning your head to the side where your good ear is while sitting on the bed. The head should be fixed, the position of the body can be changed. Then lie down on your side for a couple of minutes, which hurts, and then roll over to the other, also for 2 minutes. Then return to the first position and straighten your head.

Surgery

Intervention by the surgeon occurs when the situation cannot be corrected with the help of medications and maneuvers.

Surgical solutions:

Removal of malignant brain tumors that provoked vertigo and other unpleasant, painful symptoms.
In case of dizziness, an operation is performed to introduce a vestibular implant, when the cause was a violation of the vestibular apparatus.
Kimmerle's technique is to normalize the blood supply to the brain.
The Chiari technique normalizes the flow of cerebrospinal fluid.
Classic labyrinthectomy is a drastic measure. It is considered such because it involves the complete removal of the labyrinth, which is responsible for sensing changes in movement and gravity.
Vision problems are a common cause of vertigo; various operations are performed to correct it.

Folk remedies

Since these signs are only symptoms of heart disease, treatment should be aimed at combating their cause. Having made a diagnosis, the doctor will recommend treatment that is right for you. Naturally, it will differ in each individual case.

To improve your well-being, the doctor may prescribe sedatives (Sedavit, Andaksin), antihistamines (diphenhydramine, pipolfen), and, if necessary, anti-nausea medications (cerucal, metronidazole).

If you experience severe dizziness, you need to lie down in bed, let fresh air into the room, you can take 10 drops of a 0.1% atropine solution.

At home

At home, the following will help relieve “lightheadedness” from dizziness:

Ginkgo biloba tincture.
Juices from pomegranate, carrots or beets.
Tea with lemon, ginger, linden, mint, lemon balm.
You can grind parsley seeds, pour 1 teaspoon of boiling water into a 200-gram glass, leave for at least 6 hours and take a couple of sips throughout the day.

If you experience frequent dizziness, it is important to find your own saving method. In addition, you should completely reconsider your regime and your physical activity.

In any case, dizziness and its treatment should not be left to chance. The above are the auxiliary remedies, and to eliminate the cause, visit a doctor.

Everyone must be able to provide first aid when they see a person suffering from nausea and dizziness.

This is the following set of urgent measures:

laying the patient horizontally and ensuring a flow of fresh air;
ensuring normal temperature conditions;
raising the lower limbs above head level;
cotton wool with ammonia under the nose if a person loses consciousness;
sedatives or tranquilizers;
If your blood pressure drops, give sweet tea.

It is he who will try to eliminate the reasons that caused this condition of the patient:

To alleviate the patient's condition when he feels sick and dizzy, vestibulolytic drugs are used. Eufillin and Mannitol can be administered intravenously.
If a person suffers from seasickness, the following drugs will help: Cinnarizine, Vasano, Aeron, Cyclizine, Promethazine, scopolamine patches.
Distributed dizziness and nausea in women during menstruation or in climactic period. In this case, manual therapy, massages, acupuncture and physiotherapy.

Ginkgo biloba tincture. Juices from pomegranate, carrots or beets.

Tea with lemon, ginger, linden, mint, lemon balm. You can grind parsley seeds, pour 1 teaspoon of boiling water into a 200-gram glass, leave for at least 6 hours and take a couple of sips throughout the day.

You can buy seaweed powder at the pharmacy. The trace elements contained in it will help improve the functioning of the vestibular apparatus.

Diagnosis

If dizziness constantly appears, then it is recommended to undergo a full examination of the body, but first of all you need to check the heart, perhaps the cause is there.

First, you will need to visit a therapist, who can determine the reasons himself or refer you for additional examination to other doctors with a narrow focus.

Having made a presumptive diagnosis of why you feel dizzy and lose coordination, the doctor can additionally use laboratory diagnostic methods:

Radiography.
MRI, CG.
Various tests and other methods.

People should not be afraid of diagnosis, since it does not cause pain, but will help identify or exclude diseases.

5. Risk factors and prevention

There are several factors that can provoke ailments:

Heart pathologies that have been present since birth.
Diseases of a hereditary nature.
Sedentary lifestyle, sedentary work.
Bad habits, for example, smoking, drinking alcohol, overeating, unhealthy diet and lack of sleep.
Frequent stress.
Infectious and viral diseases that are not completely cured or are transferred to the legs.

To prevent dizziness, you just need to change your lifestyle and make it correct and healthy:

You need to give up all bad habits, reduce your coffee consumption, and also stop taking medications if possible.
Be active every day, play sports.
Change your diet and make it healthy and balanced.
Sleep 7 hours a day.
See doctors in a timely manner, especially if you feel dizzy, lose coordination, or have other ailments.
Avoid stress and try not to burden your body.

It is not always possible to get rid of discomfort, even after treating the provoking diseases.

But even if you constantly feel dizzy after treatment, you can adapt to this symptom and know how to quickly stop it.

6. Forecast

Unfortunately, sometimes dizziness and loss of balance remain with a person for life. Of course, there is nothing pleasant about this, but it is possible to learn to live with such symptoms. Each person's body is individual, but everyone can adapt.

In most cases, once the cause is eliminated, the symptoms go away.

Remember a few takeaways:

Dizziness is not a disease, but a symptom of a disease.
Self-medication is unacceptable; it is important to consult a doctor. There is no need to listen to friends and grandmothers on the bench, because these signs accompany several dozen diseases. Only a specialist can help you.
Prevention is something you can do ahead of time, without consulting your doctor. This is the best protection against heart disease.
Take care of your health, and your head will only spin with happiness!

Dizziness is not a disease, but a symptom of a disease. Self-medication is unacceptable; it is important to consult a doctor.

There is no need to listen to friends and grandmothers on the bench, because these signs accompany several dozen diseases. Only a specialist can help you.

Prevention is something you can do ahead of time, without consulting your doctor. This is the best protection against heart disease.

Take good care of your health, and your head will only spin with happiness. .

Visual impairment leading to dizziness

Dizziness is often caused by a lack of coordination of a person’s movements.

Vestibular neuritis

Quite often, dizziness accompanies visual impairment, as the brain receives a distorted picture of the surrounding space.

Strabismus

A mismatch with the central axis of the position of one or both eyes causes a malfunction in the functioning of most parts of the visual apparatus.

Among other things, this leads to double vision, and therefore dizziness and headaches.

Cataracts, clouding of the lens of the eye, are the most common age-related vision disease. It can cause dizziness due to decreased visual acuity and increased intraocular pressure.

Progressive glaucoma in advanced cases leads to complete blindness. Therefore, it is necessary to pay close attention to such an early symptom of the latent onset of the disease as frequent causeless headaches and dizziness.

To clarify the diagnosis, you should consult an ophthalmologist and check the intraocular pressure.

Astigmatism

A person with astigmatism has difficulty seeing both far and near. This can cause constant nervous tension, fatigue, slight dizziness, nausea and headaches.

Decreased visual acuity

Any decrease in visual acuity can cause some degree of dizziness due to incomplete transmission of information about the surrounding world.

Vestibular neuritis

Meningitis

Strabismus

Cataract

Glaucoma

Astigmatism

Vestibular neuritis

Meningitis

Strabismus

Cataract

Glaucoma

Astigmatism

Decreased visual acuity

Self Help

In any case, the patient needs to visit the doctor and follow all his instructions and recommendations. It is dangerous to treat these manifestations on your own.

To avoid causing a relapse, the patient must follow these rules:

drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration;
do not smoke or drink alcohol;
do not drink a lot of coffee;
Healthy food;
spend a lot of time in the fresh air;
refrain from driving a car for the duration of treatment;
learn relaxation;
if dizziness occurs, then you need to focus your gaze on an object that is not moving, it is better to sit or lie down;
if you feel the approach of loss of consciousness, then you need to sit so that your head is between your knees.

Every adult has felt dizzy at least once in their life. According to statistics, this is the most common complaint among patients seeking medical help.

It may vary in its strength and duration, but rarely does anyone like this condition.

If you feel dizzy not from rides, not from love or not from seasickness, you should think about visiting a doctor.

Loss of balance due to dizziness can lead to fainting and possibly serious injury. These symptoms are most likely a sign of serious health problems.

1. How does dizziness feel?

2. Causes of dizziness and loss of balance

Since these sensations are just symptoms, you need to know what diseases they may be accompanied by.

Here are the main assumptions that a doctor is likely to have:

Concussions and head contusions, even those received a very long time ago, which can remind you of themselves for many years with dizziness.
Injuries to the eardrum, also barotrauma (that is, caused by increased pressure in the ears, for example, when coughing or deep immersion in water).
Viral and cold diseases in the acute stage and previously suffered, after which sluggish inflammation in the middle part of the ear canal could remain. Such causes of dizziness are called labyrinthitis.
Intoxication of the body due to poisoning with heavy metals, chemicals, food, alcohol, drugs.
Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (BPPV) - occurs equally in children and adults, manifests itself when the head tilts or the body position changes.
Brain tumors.
Meniere's disease is an accumulation of fluid (endolymph) in the cavity of the inner ear.
Pathologies of the cervical spine (osteochandrosis, spondylosis).
Paroxysmal conditions (migraine, epilepsy).
Diabetes.
Diseases of the heart and blood vessels, as a result of which normal blood flow is disrupted, including hypertension, ischemia and pre-stroke condition.

These are the most likely causes, which are accompanied by dizziness (vertigo) and balance disorder (ataxia).

Dizziness as a symptom of heart disease

The heart is a very important organ. It pumps oxygenated blood and delivers necessary substances to the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain. Thanks to the good functioning of the heart, the entire body can function without failure. Therefore, it is so important to diagnose problems in the functioning of this organ in a timely manner.

Dizziness and loss of balance are often the first sign that your heart needs attention. The presence of the described signs may indicate vascular disease, cardiac arrhythmia or developing heart failure. They cannot be ignored, as these pathologies are fraught with disability.

If the blood pumped by the heart does not flow well to the brain stem, causing dizziness and disorientation, there is a danger that a brain stem stroke will develop.

Depending on the type of lesion, it can be hemorrhagic or ischemic. In a large percentage of cases, ischemic stroke is fatal. It develops against the background of atherosclerosis - a chronic disease of the arteries caused by metabolic disorders.

Arrhythmia is another serious cardiac disorder that manifests itself in an increase in heart rate. The heart either stops or beats furiously, then dizziness appears and control over balance is lost, even to the point of fainting.

Vertigo and ataxia may indicate the presence of other abnormalities in the heart, such as bradycardia, tachycardia, pericarditis, angina pectoris and extrasystole, as well as myocardial infarction. We can say that almost all cardiovascular diseases at various stages are accompanied by dizziness and loss of coordination.

3. Diagnosis - how to determine the cause of dizziness and loss of balance

Based on his assumptions, the doctor may prescribe you:

x-ray,
CT heart,
MRI of the heart,
angiogram (examination of blood vessels using a contrast agent),
additional special tests.

You should not be afraid of the examination - it is painless, but after it you will not have to doubt why your head is spinning. If necessary, the doctor will additionally refer you to his fellow specialists.

What causes sudden dizziness?

It is rare to meet a person who has never experienced sudden dizziness. The situation is considered normal when the blood “hits” after a sudden change in position. For example, if you get up after a long rest on the couch.

Your head may feel dizzy from being overly enthusiastic about attractions or active games. If a symptom appears for no apparent reason and not even out of love, you should listen to your body. It may well happen that spontaneous loss of coordination will indicate a serious health disorder.

What do we feel when we feel dizzy?

Experts say that there are over 80 alarming reasons that can cause sudden dizziness. Moreover, the intensity and duration of the next attack may differ in each specific case.

Similar sensations occur during alcohol intoxication, when there is a lack of coordination. It seems to a person that the surrounding objects or himself are moving. It becomes difficult to focus vision on one object: surrounding things blur, and their contours become blurred.

During the next attack, a disoriented person experiences difficulty continuing his activities. It is difficult to continue moving and even observe surrounding objects.

Pathologies that can cause vertigo

If symptoms occur periodically, do not delay visiting a doctor. The causes of sudden dizziness in most cases are dangerous diseases. The doctor will suspect one of the following causes of vestibular disorder:

Of course, you shouldn’t immediately look for the “full bouquet” of diseases. A detailed analysis by a specialist of the clinical picture, condition and other possible complaints of the patient will help to correctly identify the pathology.

Unbalanced diet is the cause of vertigo

Patients should remember that sudden dizziness occurs for no reason and without any prerequisites for pathologies. With irregular and insufficient nutrition, all organs and systems of the body do not receive the “building material” for renewal in full.

In this case, vertigo becomes a protective mechanism for the body, warning of an impending disorder. Often, dizziness is a typical companion for fans of a tough fight against “extra” pounds or zealous fans of intense sports training or hard work.

It’s hard to believe, but bile outflow disorders, cholecystitis. Liver disorders and even “banal” gastritis can give off a whirling sensation. By checking the condition of the stomach based on the results of gastroscopy, special and general tests, one can judge the presence of gastrointestinal pathologies. Once the diagnosis has been clarified, it is necessary to treat the underlying cause of the coordination disorder.

Dizziness as a consequence of heart problems

Among the common causes of dizziness and nausea, pathologies of the cardiovascular system are often identified. Vertigo is an early warning sign of impending heart failure or angina. The same symptom is characteristic of problems with blood vessels: narrowing of the lumens due to fatty deposits or the formation of blood clots.

With arrhythmia, the intensity of cardiac activity is uneven. Periodic freezing alternates with increased myocardial activity. Dizziness in this case is accompanied by a noticeable loss of control over body position. Fainting often occurs.

Dizziness and blood pressure

If you are prone to hypotension (low blood pressure), severe dizziness occurs along with weakness and headaches. Deterioration in health may occur when blood glucose levels drop. In this case, those prone to hypoglycemia need to eat to normalize the condition. Meals for this category of patients must be divided into smaller portions and taken every 3 hours.

A high tendency to vertigo is observed in patients sensitive to changes in atmospheric pressure. Weather-dependent people are advised to control their blood pressure and limit mental or physical work during exacerbations.

Problems with the spine that interfere with cerebral circulation

Sudden weakness and dizziness occur in diseases of the upper spine. The destruction of the cartilage of the intervertebral discs is often complemented by an inflammatory process in the adjacent tissues. This in turn causes compression (compression) of the nerve endings and blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the brain. An important highway is directed through the spinal column to the brain, the defective functioning of which causes disruption of the regulatory processes of the body as a whole.

If osteochondrosis, protrusions of the intervertebral discs of the cervical spine and the associated “vertebral artery syndrome” are detected, a course of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers are prescribed. At the same time, complexes are prescribed to normalize nervous activity and means to improve the condition of blood vessels. To normalize the blood supply to the cartilage of the intervertebral discs, therapeutic exercises are prescribed, the exercises of which are performed for life.

Delicate causes of vertigo

The causes of sudden dizziness in women may be related to the menstrual cycle. Heavy blood loss during “critical” days causes weakness and vestibular disorders. During such periods, it is advisable to limit activity and anxiety, as well as get adequate rest and nutrition.

Lesions of the ears and vestibular apparatus

Peripheral dizziness can be a consequence of disorders of the vestibular apparatus itself. For example, vestibular neuritis is characterized by very severe vertigo. Based on the results of correct diagnosis, patients will be prescribed medications that alleviate the condition. Other pathologies that can cause sudden dizziness and loss of balance may include:

Inflammation of the middle ear - the clinical picture is complemented by fever, pain and discharge from the ear;
Disorders of the inner ear, which are signaled by tinnitus, hearing disorders.

Identification of the underlying disease

As we can see, widespread vestibular disorder can signal a wide range of pathologies. To understand the causes of sudden dizziness and loss of balance, consult a reputable professional. Based on the collected medical history and a detailed description of the patient’s condition in his own words, the doctor will refer you for narrowly focused and general tests. Common diagnostic tools remain MRI and tomography of the affected organ, radiography, examination of blood vessels and internal organs, as well as a number of special practices.

Normalizing your sleep and wakefulness patterns, as well as getting good nutrition, will help alleviate the condition until the underlying disease is identified. Nausea is relieved by cerucal or metronidazole. Antihistamines and drugs with a sedative effect will help improve the condition: Andaksin, Sedavit. Severe dizziness will be relieved by a 0.1% solution of Atropine (take 10 drops). It is worth fighting the manifestations of the disease taking into account individual preferences and characteristics of the body.

Why is coordination of movements when walking impaired and dizziness occurs?

Latin term "coordination" translated as “coordination of actions or processes”. The concept itself "coordination of movements" means the process of interaction between the muscles of the body, which leads to the performance of certain actions.

Loss of coordination and dizziness when walking

Musculoskeletal system controlled by the central nervous system. It controls the coordination of movements of the human body, thanks to it you do not need to make special mental efforts to perform this or that movement.

Neurons in the brain and spinal cord have complex relationships; it is with their help that the signal about any movement is transmitted to the brain. A response signal comes out of it, which provokes movement. If neural connections work Fine, then such a signal is lightning fast, and when there are communication failures, the signal may be distorted or not transmitted at all. As a result - violation of movement coordination. which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating movements. Find out more about

Impaired coordination of movements can most often be observed in people older, because due to aging, the human body cannot fully perform its functions, as a result, the activity of the nervous system slows down. But, there are a number of reasons that lead to poor coordination when walking.

You can also find information about the causes of dizziness when standing and when lying down on our website.

Causes and symptoms

Dizziness and imbalance walking problems are the most common problems encountered by doctors. Vestibular disorders of motor coordination can be caused by many diseases: viral, neurological, cardiovascular. Determining the cause can be quite difficult.

The causes of impaired coordination of movement when walking and dizziness can be:

Drug and alcohol use
Traumatic brain injuries
Parkinson's disease
Stroke
Brain disease
Poor circulation in the brain
Tumors of the cerebellum or brain
Arnold-Chiari malformation (part of the cerebellum is drooping)
Hydrocephalus (accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain system)
Diseases in which myelin breaks down
Cervical osteochondrosis
Diseases of the vestibular cranial nerves
Neuronit
Inner ear inflammation
Poisoning with any potent devices
Neuronyma
Vitamin B12 deficiency

Signs of a violation are:

Feeling the illusion of movement of the body or objects, rotation;
Disorientation in space;
Nausea, partial hearing loss and severe dizziness;
Unsteadiness when standing;
Gait disturbance, frequent falls;
High pressure;
Loss of consciousness;
Weakness;
Impaired body perception;
Trembling of body parts;
Frequent headaches.

Treatment

As mentioned above, problems with coordination and dizziness are consequences of the disease. In order to correct the situation, first of all, it is necessary to remove the cause. To do this you need to contact neurologist specialist, who will listen to the symptoms, identify the problem and prescribe appropriate treatment.

Drugs

Doctors prescribe medications to patients that help restore blood circulation in the brain and various vitamin complexes.

Drugs such as:

Angioprotectors and nootropics designed to normalize blood pressure and metabolism in the brain.
Various hormonal drugs.
Vitamins A, B, C.
Antibiotic therapy, which kills all infections in the inner ear and brain.
Vitamin B12.

Exercises

In order to restore proper coordination of movements, you first need to cure disease which led to it. After this, doctors usually prescribe a number of drugs that help the body normalize its work, various vitamins. Also included in the mandatory treatment program for coordination problems is physiotherapy.

Under the supervision of a specialist, the patient performs a series of simple actions that are designed to help better control their movements and body. All exercises are aimed at training balance when walking and standing, and they also help develop accuracy and precision. With their help, joints and muscles are strengthened.

One of the effective treatment methods is massage, which helps eliminate the problem in a specific area of the body.

We have developed some simple exercises for training coordination that you can easily perform on your own at any convenient time:

If you are traveling by public transport, then instead of sitting down in an empty seat, it’s better to stand. With your feet shoulder-width apart, try not to hold on, balance, trying to stand straight and not fall.
Place your feet together and extend your arms to the sides. Close your eyes and stand still for a minute, then lower your arms and stand for another 20 seconds.
Stretch your arms to the sides, place your feet together. Rise on your toes, freeze in place for 10-15 seconds as you rise, and lower yourself. Do this exercise with your eyes closed every day.
Place your feet together, hands on your waist, rise on your toes and at the same time tilt your head forward and back.
The body is in the same position Only when lifting on your toes, do several bends forward. Try to do the exercise with your eyes closed.
Stretch your arms to the sides lift your leg bent at the knee and stand for 30 seconds, change leg. Try to do it with your eyes closed; if it’s difficult, then reduce the time to 10 seconds.
A very effective exercise using stairs. Hold onto the ladder with your hands and go up and down slowly. If there are no problems with this, then try to do the same thing only without using your hands. First, place one leg, lean your body forward, and then carefully place the other. Very slowly, try to rise as high as possible.
Imagine that there is a thin long board on the floor, try to walk along it smoothly, without swaying or stumbling. Close your eyes and repeat, trying to walk in a straight line, ask someone from your household to control your movements.
This exercise can be done at home, it does not require special simulators or equipment. Take an apple or orange in each hand. Try tossing them up one by one and catching them. If it works, then complicate the task - throw at the same time, or with a small interval. Try to juggle them, try not to let them in.
Place your feet one after the other like this so that the heel of one foot touches the toe of the other. Place your arms to the sides, stand in this position for 15-20 seconds. Switch legs and try to do it with your eyes closed.
Feet shoulder-width apart, hands on waist, bend forward, backward, left and right. Repeat the exercise 10-15 times with your eyes closed.
Walking home from the store, you can see narrow curbs. Try to walk through them without assistance. This is a great balance exercise.

Which doctors should I contact?

Impaired coordination of movement when walking and dizziness are very serious signs that signal to a person that not everything is in order with his body. They may also indicate the presence of a more serious disease. Therefore, at the first signs, you need to contact a neurologist who will help cure this disease.

Causes of sudden dizziness and weakness

Any person at least once in his life has encountered the concept of dizziness. However, everyone describes this condition differently. Someone feels that all the objects around are starting to spin; someone feels that they suddenly lose their balance; and some even mentally go on a flight. Most often, this phenomenon is also accompanied by nausea, weakness, vomiting and darkening of the eyes.

Sudden dizziness: causes

The main and most common cause of sudden dizziness is considered to be a sudden change in body position. This condition is controlled not only by the vestibular apparatus, but also by muscle receptors and visual analyzers. This is where additional effects come from, such as darkening of the eyes and muscle weakness. But we should not forget that all of the above “controllers” of our perception are subordinate to the main organ in our body – the brain.

There are many types of dizziness, each of which has its own significant cause. However, the most common causes are considered central and peripheral. The first of them is a consequence of disorders and injuries of the brain, and the second occurs due to disorders of the vestibular apparatus.

Functional causes of dizziness

Many people are interested in the causes of sudden dizziness, since each of us has encountered such a situation at least once.

Very often, even a completely healthy person can feel a state when everything around is spinning and weakness appears in the body. The head may begin to feel dizzy after lying or sitting for a long time, as well as with sudden head tilts and turns. This state will leave your body within a few seconds, but discomfort may still remain. Some people may experience ringing in their ears or darkening of their vision. Such effects are formed as a result of the redistribution of blood through arteries and veins.

Causes of dizziness not related to changes in body position

There are also reasons for sudden dizziness that have absolutely nothing to do with how you change your body position. This may include:

intake of small amounts of nutrients and vitamins into the body;
constant lack of sleep and overwork;
a sharp decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood (most often this condition is observed in pregnant women, as well as in women during menstruation).

In order to cope with such a problem, you need to properly build a daily routine. Play sports, walk more often in the fresh air, eat right, and get enough rest.

Try to consume plenty of vitamins. You can drink active vitamin complexes.

Arterial pressure

The causes of sudden dizziness may be associated with changes in blood pressure. After all, this phenomenon affects the blood supply to the brain. Very often, with low blood pressure, other phenomena occur:

darkening of the eyes;
general weakness and pallor of the skin;
there may be a feeling that the lungs do not have enough air;
very often the body begins to sweat excessively;
Sometimes minor hallucinations occur.

High blood pressure is characterized by the following symptoms:

lack of coordination;
severe pain in the temples;
feeling that the face is burning;
There may be a headache in the back of the head.

Of course, treating diseases associated with surges in blood pressure is very difficult. Therefore, at the first sign you need to urgently go to the hospital. However, if changes in blood pressure bother you extremely rarely, then if your blood pressure is low, you can drink sweet tea, and if your blood pressure is high, you can drink a sedative. In this case, to bring yourself back to normal, it is enough to simply lead a healthy lifestyle.

Problems with the vestibular system

Sudden dizziness and nausea, the causes of which can be very diverse, very often occur in people with diseases of the vestibular system or ears.

Pay attention to diseases that cause sudden dizziness very often.

Vestibular neuritis. This disease is characterized by inflammation of the vestibulocochlear nerve. The main symptom of this disease is sudden but very frequent dizziness, which is not accompanied by hearing loss. Patients also often suffer from attacks of nausea and vomiting. Usually this disease goes away on its own. The only thing that is required is taking medications to help eliminate feelings of nausea and dizziness.
Otitis. The disease is characterized by inflammation of the middle ear. If we describe the causes of sudden severe dizziness, then ear diseases are not in last place. The usual symptoms of this disease are severe pain in the ear, discharge from it, increased body temperature, and significant hearing loss. Under no circumstances should you ignore this disease, otherwise you risk losing your hearing completely. You should definitely contact an otolaryngologist. Usually, otitis media can be easily cured with the use of antibiotics.

Meniere's disease, affecting the inner ear. During its course, sudden weakness and dizziness may occur, the causes of which lie in severe inflammation of the ear. The usual symptoms of this disease are severe pain in the ears, as well as ringing and noise. At times, hearing may deteriorate significantly. This disease cannot be cured, but with the help of special medications prescribed by a doctor, the symptoms can be minimized.

Other diseases associated with the vestibular apparatus and ears also lead to dizziness. This can also include damage to the eardrum and the inside of the ear.

Sudden attacks of dizziness, the causes of which do not cause headache, weakness in the body, darkening of the eyes, are most often associated with diseases of the ears and vestibular apparatus. If you notice such symptoms quite often, then be sure to visit an otolaryngologist.

Brain injuries and diseases

There are many brain diseases that lead to sudden dizziness. Each of them is extremely dangerous and requires immediate treatment. Let's look at some of them.

Epilepsy– a brain disease characterized by frequent loss of consciousness, convulsions, as well as an accelerated or, conversely, slowed heartbeat. This disease must be treated with special medications throughout the patient’s life.
Brain tumors. Lead to severe headaches and dizziness. The main treatment methods include chemotherapy and surgery.
Migraine– a brain disease, also accompanied by headaches and dizziness. To reduce pain, doctors recommend using special painkillers and also trying to lead a more healthy lifestyle.

Other causes of dizziness

If you eat large amounts of fatty and fried foods, then you may begin to deposit cholesterol on the walls of your blood vessels. And this, in turn, leads to the fact that insufficient oxygen reaches the brain. This results in headaches, loss of balance, weakness and nausea.

Dizziness can also be caused by diseases of the digestive system. Dizziness and weakness may result from serious poisoning. It may also be due to metabolic disorders.

The main causes of dizziness in women

Sudden dizziness (the causes in women are described in this article) in the fairer sex is very often associated with age-related changes or can occur in the presence of pathologies in the body. In this case, dizziness is accompanied by loss of coordination, nausea, and also a feeling of alcoholic intoxication without drinking alcoholic beverages. If this happens quite often, then the woman should definitely consult a doctor.

Pregnancy

Pregnancy is considered one of the main causes of dizziness in women. This is due to a decrease in hemoglobin or glucose levels in the blood. Typically, in the early stages of pregnancy, many women complain of frequent dizziness. However, this is considered completely normal.

If this condition continues at a later date, then you should be wary. This is especially true for women after forty years.

Dizziness during menopause

Sudden dizziness and loss of balance, the causes of which are associated with menopause, very often alarm women. However, this condition is considered absolutely normal. During this period, women are advised to spend more time in the fresh air, relax and eat right. By using the right hormonal medications, you can quickly improve your condition.

How to give first aid

If a person experiences sudden dizziness and is not accompanied by other symptoms, such as nausea, darkening of the eyes and difficulty breathing, then it will be enough to place the victim on a horizontal surface with his back supported. You can use high pillows. Unbutton your clothes and open the window to let in clean air. If a person seems very pale, then give him tea with sugar. If the condition does not go away within a few minutes, immediately call an ambulance.

Causes of sudden dizziness: disturbances in the functioning of the vestibular apparatus and heart failure

Everyone has experienced sudden dizziness at least once. This is a strange and incomprehensible state.

It can vary in strength, duration, causes and consequences.

It is usually accompanied by a lack of coordination and loss of balance, some weakness, blurred vision, a sudden and sharp headache, “woolly legs,” and disturbances in the functioning of the heart (changes in pulse). There may often be nausea, vomiting, and increased sweating.

Relevance

Loss of orientation and lack of coordination due to sudden dizziness can cause fainting, and possibly lead to more serious injury in the event of a fall.

Ataxia appears - a violation of normal coordination of movements, which is not associated with muscle weakening. Dizziness can be symptoms of severe disturbances in the functioning of the body.

During sudden dizziness, a person may feel as if he is spinning, or objects around him are spinning.

He loses coordination and cannot control his position in space. This is actually why dizziness got its name. Sometimes it can last only seconds, minutes, and sometimes several hours.

Constant severe dizziness and loss of balance in almost all cases are a consequence of serious mental or neurological abnormalities.

Many people experience dizziness when there is a sudden and sharp change in their position in space, for example, as a result of abruptly getting out of bed in the morning. In medicine, this symptom is called “orthostatic collapse.”

Causes

Sometimes the causes of sudden dizziness can be explained by some obvious factors affecting a person's life. During pregnancy, it becomes a completely normal symptom, and also occurs in the elderly and in people who follow very strict diets and endure heavy loads.

True sudden dizziness is also called “vertigo”. A person experiences a sensation of rotation of everything around him, or it seems to him that he himself is moving in relation to the surrounding space. This is somewhat reminiscent of the sensations of a person riding on a carousel for a long time.

According to experts, vertigo is divided into central and peripheral. Central vertigo is always a consequence of disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system, pathologies of various areas of the brain, peripheral vertigo appears due to the presence of disorders in the vestibular apparatus. Vertigo can be episodic, constant or intermittent.

Constant and severe dizziness is a danger to the human body. If you feel dizzy continuously for several days, then you need to consult a specialist, as this is most likely one of the signs of some disease.

Short-term dizziness can occur in people of different ages and genders. Functional dizziness occurs depending on the situation in which the person is.

Such unexpected dizziness is not considered a consequence of diseases or abnormalities. Usually it does not last very long and does not cause too much discomfort or pain.

It happens that it gets dark in the eyes, and an incomprehensible noise appears in the ears.

Short-term dizziness occurs in the following situations:

the head may suddenly feel dizzy with a sudden change in body position. This is explained by a sharp outflow of blood from the brain;
a feeling of loss of balance in women can be caused by hormonal instability during the menstrual cycle;
dizziness may occur due to diet or improper, unbalanced nutrition;
dizziness may occur due to an unstable mental state, including during a state of extreme stress or fatigue. In this case, the person feels clouded consciousness and weakness in the legs;
weakness and dizziness are integral signs of very severe fatigue;
Almost all people experience this condition after prolonged rides on attractions. The moment of its onset in each person depends on the characteristics of the vestibular apparatus. For some it is better adapted, for others it is worse.

It should be understood that in the above cases, sudden vertigo is, as it were, a defensive reaction of the body, signaling the need to eliminate some harmful factors that at that moment negatively affect the human body, that it is time for him to stop his activities and rest.

Disease as a cause of dizziness

Let's try to understand the deeper causes of sudden dizziness. There are a lot of them. And only qualified specialists can determine what the true cause of constant dizziness is. Among the possible:

bruises and concussions;
eardrum injuries;
viral and cold diseases;
poisoning with poisons, toxins, including alcohol and nicotine;
brain tumor;
Meniere's disease;
spine pathologies;
migraine, epilepsy;
diabetes;
various pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, due to which normal blood circulation and the supply of the brain with the oxygen it needs are disrupted.

In addition to the above diseases, dizziness is considered a sign of numerous other disorders: diseases of the digestive tract, liver, diseases of the nervous system.

Cardiovascular diseases

Dizziness and loss of balance often indicate that the heart and blood vessels require attention.

When the blood pumped by the heart does not reach the brain well, resulting in vertigo, it can result in the well-known stroke, often ending in death.

Dizziness can be a sign of arrhythmia associated with disruption of the heart muscle, and also indicate the presence of tachycardia, angina, myocardial infarction, as well as other diseases of the heart and circulatory system.

In people prone to low blood pressure, vertigo is always accompanied by general weakness and headaches.

Disorders of the vestibular apparatus

Often signs of vertigo are diseases of the organs that are responsible for a person’s orientation in space, and these are the vestibular apparatus and the ear.

Dizziness can be caused by otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear), vestibular neuritis (inflammation of the vestibular nerve), Meniere's disease (damage to the inner ear) and other rarer diseases.

In addition to dizziness, usually these diseases are accompanied by a sharp increase in body temperature or changes in hearing acuity up to deafness, discharge from the ears, and tinnitus.

Various pathologies of the brain and spinal cord

Vertigo is a constant companion to various diseases and abnormalities in the functioning of the brain: tumors, migraines, epilepsy, various types of multiple sclerosis, numerous traumatic brain injuries, including bruises and brain damage.

Weakness combined with sudden dizziness appears in diseases of the upper spine. Inflammatory processes that occur in the spinal cord cause compression of nerve receptors, vessels that supply oxygen and other substances to the brain. Often observed in osteochondrosis.

First aid

If you suddenly find yourself in a situation where a person next to you is experiencing dizziness, you need to provide him with the following help:

try to lay the person down by raising his head;
it is advisable to open the door or windows to allow fresh air to enter, this will significantly increase the amount of oxygen entering the room;
whiskey can be moistened with water or vinegar;
be sure to call a doctor.

If you need help yourself, and there is no one nearby:

firstly, you should never panic;
secondly, you need to sit down, or even better, lie down, if space allows, try to keep your head level;
closing your eyes, take deep breaths;
use the fingers of one hand to massage the wrists of the other;
If attacks of dizziness occur periodically, it is better to quickly seek medical help.

If, with vertigo, the temperature rises, there is too much pain in the head, general malaise and severe vomiting appear, a doctor should be called immediately.

The same must be done in case of a sudden and severe attack, if a person may have diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.

Self-medication is not allowed. Periodic dizziness can be eliminated only by finding out its causes, and this can only be done by highly qualified specialists using special diagnostic tools.

Prevention

What can you do to prevent vertigo? Not remaining indifferent to your health, being attentive to your body, and undergoing medical examinations in a timely manner are the main ways to significantly reduce the occurrence of attacks resulting from other diseases.

It is necessary to adhere to the principle of alternating work and rest, and not resort to strict diets that require significant dietary restrictions. Leading an active lifestyle and playing sports also help prevent this unpleasant phenomenon.

If attacks of dizziness occur for no reason, you should consult a doctor as soon as possible. Only highly qualified specialists can help to permanently get rid of vertigo that is intrusive and interferes with full functioning and restore comfort during work and rest.

What to do if you feel dizzy, have problems with coordination and feel nauseous?

The human vestibular apparatus, or rather its peripheral part, is located in the inner ear. It is he who is responsible for correct orientation in space and balance. As a rule, the causes of severe dizziness and loss of coordination of movement lie in it. Disturbances in this apparatus lead to disorders of visual and auditory perception, as well as impaired tactile sensitivity. As a result, coordination during movement suffers, dizziness and nausea often occur.

Dizziness and lack of coordination are common reasons for visiting a doctor.

Treatment for dizziness and lack of coordination should be immediate and fairly intensive. Disturbed neural connections lead to the fact that signals from the central nervous system are greatly distorted when transmitted to the muscles, or are not transmitted at all. As a result, it may turn out that the person will not even be able to get out of bed on his own. Therefore, symptoms such as loss of coordination and dizziness require urgent consultation with a neurologist.

Causes of such disorders

Symptoms such as dizziness, loss of balance or coordination can be caused by various reasons - viral infections (flu), cardiovascular pathologies, neurological diseases. The specific cause is determined individually, but doctors include the most common of them:

chronic drug or alcohol abuse;
traumatic brain injuries, including in athletes;
acute cerebrovascular accidents;
parkinsonism;
neuroinfections;
inflammatory diseases localized in the brain;
benign/malignant neoplasms;
Arnold-Chiari malformation;
hydrocephalus;
osteochondrosis of the cervical spine;
neuronitis;
acute drug poisoning;
severe and prolonged deficiency of vitamin B12.

Dizziness and lack of coordination of movement, the causes of which can be determined accurately and quickly, can be cured quite easily. It should be borne in mind that it is simply impossible to independently understand the causes of the disease - you will have to undergo a fairly extensive examination, and only after that the doctor can prescribe adequate treatment.

Signs that require you to see a doctor

Despite the fact that such a diagnosis cannot be made on the basis of patient complaints alone, they have important diagnostic value, allowing the doctor to determine an examination plan. As a rule, people complain of instability while walking, sudden loss of balance, and darkening of the eyes. Other characteristic symptoms include:

false sensation of movement of the body or objects surrounding a person;
difficulties or inability to correctly navigate in space;
nausea, in some cases vomiting is possible;
may suddenly feel dizzy;
hearing loss;
Unsteadiness is often observed in a standing position;
gait disturbance, up to the possibility of falling;
sudden changes in blood pressure;
previously unusual weakness;
tremor in various parts of the body;
persistent and frequent pain in the head;
loss of consciousness is possible.

Dizziness with loss of consciousness can be symptoms of serious illnesses

Such symptoms are almost always a reason to urgently seek medical help. Some of these signs can be observed during pregnancy, but if they appear in an adult or child, this is a reason for immediate consultation with a specialist.

Diagnostics

The pathological condition that causes severe dizziness and loss of coordination is not so easy to establish. The first symptoms most often lead the patient to an otolaryngologist, who will prescribe:

audiometry, which allows you to determine the degree of hearing sensitivity;
Ultrasound, visualizing the condition of the arteries in the spine;
CT or MRI of the brain, clarifying the presence of tumor processes.

In most cases, consultations with other specialized specialists will be required - a neurologist, surgeon, therapist, neurosurgeon, oncologist, cardiologist. If such symptoms are caused by vegetative-vascular dystonia, then you may need to consult a psychologist or psychotherapist.

Treatment of vestibular disorders

Treatment tactics for dizziness depend on the causes that cause them.

To completely get rid of unpleasant and dangerous symptoms, you will need not only drug treatment of the underlying disease, but also a set of certain exercises, as well as a transition to a healthy lifestyle. When a person is bothered by dizziness and loss of coordination in the morning, the doctor can prescribe medications from various groups - it all depends on the final diagnosis. In most cases, the treatment process involves the use of the following drugs:

angioprotectors – strengthen and protect the walls of blood vessels from the effects of adverse factors;
nootropic drugs – improve cerebral circulation;
hormonal drugs;
antibacterial therapy prescribed taking into account the specific pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics;
vitamins A, C, group B.

Vitamins are substances vital for the body

The earlier treatment is started, the greater the chance of a complete and rapid cure. When visiting a doctor for the first time, you need to describe all your sensations as fully as possible, which will help the doctor quickly navigate and draw up a diagnostic and treatment plan. Without knowing which doctor is best to contact, you need to know that neurologists often deal with such problems.

Non-drug effects

If a slight lack of coordination can be eliminated quite easily, severe manifestations of pathology require significant efforts not only by the doctor, but also by the patient himself. The mandatory treatment program includes physical therapy, which helps restore the body after illness. Initially, the patient performs all exercises under the supervision of a specialist, after which independent exercises begin.

The sets of exercises are different and are aimed at restoring balance when walking and eliminating weakness in the legs. Many patients have to re-learn accuracy and accuracy of movements, which are often lost with delayed treatment. In cases where the disorders are localized in a separate area of the body, massage may be prescribed. The simplest, but quite effective exercises for normalizing the activity of the vestibular apparatus include several.