Medical tests ophthalmology. Proficiency Test in Ophthalmology
QUALIFICATION TESTS
IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2007
Edited by prof. L.K. Moshetova
SECTION I.
DEVELOPMENT OF NORM. ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE VISUAL ORGAN
CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER:
1. The thinnest wall of the orbit is:
a) outer wall;
b) upper wall;
V) inner wall;
d) bottom wall;
e) upper and inner
2. The optic nerve canal serves to pass:
A) optic nerve;
b) abducens nerve
c) oculomotor nerve
d) central retinal vein
e) frontal artery
3. The lacrimal sac is located:
a) inside the eye socket;
b) outside the orbit;
c) partly inside and partly outside the orbit.
e) in the middle cranial fossa
4. For eyelid wounds, tissue regeneration:
a) high;
b) low;
c) does not differ significantly from tissue regeneration in other areas of the face;
d) lower than other areas of the face.
d) higher than other areas of the face
5. Tear-producing organs include:
A) lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands;
b) lacrimal openings;
c) lacrimal canaliculi;
d) nasolacrimal duct
6. The nasolacrimal duct opens in:
A ) lower nasal passage;
b) middle nasal meatus;
c) upper nasal passage;
d) into the maxillary sinus
e) into the main sinus.
7. The sclera has the greatest thickness in the area:
A) limba;
b) the equator;
c) optic nerve head;
d) under the rectus tendon.
e) under the tendon of the oblique muscles
8. The cornea consists of:
a) two layers;
b) three layers;
c) four layers;
G) five layers;
e) six layers.
9. The layers of the cornea are located:
A) parallel surface of the cornea;
b) chaotic;
c) concentrically;
d) in an oblique direction
10. Nutrition of the cornea is provided by:
A ) marginal looped vascular network;
b) central retinal artery;
c) lacrimal artery;
d) anterior ciliary arteries
e) supratrochlear artery
11. The optic nerve head is located:
A) in the center of the fundus;
c) in the temporal half of the fundus;
d) in the upper half of the fundus
e) outside the fundus.
12. The functional center of the retina is:
a) optic disc;
b) fovea;
c) dentate line zone;
d) vascular bundle.
e) juxtapapillary zone.
13. The optic nerve leaves the orbit through:
a) superior orbital fissure;
b) Gog. irrigates;
c) inferior orbital fissure
d) round hole
e) maxillary sinus
14. The vascular tract performs:
A) trophic function;
b) light refraction function;
d) protective function
e) support function
15. The retina performs the function:
a) refraction of light;
b) trophic;
V) perception of light;
d) protective function
e) support function
16. Intraocular fluid is produced mainly by:
a) iris;
b) choroid;
c) lens;
G) ciliary body.
d) cornea.
17. Tenon’s capsule separates:
a) choroid from the sclera;
b) retina from the vitreous body;
V) eyeball from orbital tissue;
d) there is no correct answer
e) cornea from sclera
18. Bowman's membrane is located between:
A) corneal epithelium and stroma;
b) stroma and Descemet’s membrane;
c) Descemet’s membrane and endothelium;
d) layers of the retina
19. The choroid nourishes:
A) outer layers of the retina;
b) inner layers of the retina;
c) the entire retina;
d) optic nerve.
e) sclera
20. The motor apparatus of the eye consists of... extraocular muscles:
a) four;
V) six;
d) eight;
d) ten.
21. “Muscle funnel” originates from:
A) round hole;
b) optic opening;
c) superior orbital fissure;
d) inferior orbital fissure.
e) the inner wall of the orbit
22. The arterial circle of Haller is formed by:
a) long posterior ciliary arteries;
b) short posterior ciliary arteries;
c) ethmoidal arteries;
d) muscle arteries;
d) all of the above
23. The central retinal artery supplies:
a) choroid;
b) inner layers of the retina;
c) outer layers of the retina;
d) vitreous body;
d) sclera
24. The orbital nerve is:
A) sensory nerve;
b) motor nerve;
c) mixed nerve;
d) parasympathetic nerve;
e) sympathetic nerve.
25. In the area of chiasm crosses % optic nerve fibers:
b) 50%;
d) 100%
26. Eye development begins at:
A) 1-2 weeks of intrauterine life;
b) 3rd week -»-;
c) 4th week -»-;
d) 5th week -»-.
d) 10th week -“-
27. The choroid is formed:
A) Mesoderm
b) Ectoderm
c) Mixed nature
d) neuroectoderm
e) Endoderm
28. The retina is formed from:
A) Ectoderm
b) Neuroectoderms
c) Mesoderm
d) Endoderm
d) Mixed nature
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER ACCORDING TO THE DIAGRAM:
A) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct;
B) if answers 1 and 3 are correct;
C) if answers 2 and 4 are correct;
D) if the correct answer is 4;
D) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct.
29. d Through the superior orbital fissure passes:
1) ophthalmic nerve;
2) oculomotor nerves;
3) main venous collector;
4) abducens nerve; 5) trochlear nerve
30. b Eyelids are:
1) an accessory part of the organ of vision;
2) the top of the orbit
3) protective apparatus of the organ of vision;
4) side wall of the orbit
5) do not relate to the organ of vision
31. d The branches of the ophthalmic artery are:
1) central retinal artery
2) lacrimal artery;
3) supraorbital artery;
4) frontal artery;
5) supratrochlear artery
32. a The outflow of blood from the eyelids is directed:
1) towards the veins of the orbit;
2) towards the facial veins;
4) towards the upper jaw
5) towards the cavernous sinus
33. a Pericorneal injection indicates:
1) conjunctivitis;
2) increased intraocular pressure;
3) inflammation of the vascular tract;
4) damage to tear-producing organs;
5) intraocular foreign body
34.d The lacrimal gland is innervated by:
1) parasympathetic nervous system;
2) sympathetic nervous system;
3) mixed type;
4) facial and trigeminal nerves
5) abducens nerve
35. d The outflow of fluid from the anterior chamber occurs through:
1) pupil area;
2) lens capsule;
3) ligaments of Zinn
4) trabecular zone
5) iris zone
36. d The position of the jagged line corresponds to:
1) limbus projection zone;
2) the place of attachment of the rectus tendons;
3) trabecular projection zone
4) behind the projection zone of the ciliary body;
37.a The choroid consists of a layer:
1) small vessels;
2) middle vessels
3) large vessels;
4) nerve fibers
38. a The optic nerve has sheaths:
1) soft shell
2) arachnoid membrane;
3) internal elastic
4) hard shell
39.d The moisture of the anterior chamber serves to
1) nutrition of the cornea and lens;
2)removal of waste metabolic products
3) maintaining normal ophthalmotonus
4) light refraction;
40. d Within the “muscular funnel” there is:
1) optic nerve;
2) ophthalmic artery;
3) oculomotor nerve
4) abducens nerve;
5) trochlear nerve;.
41.e The vitreous body performs all functions:
1) trophic function;
2) “buffer” function;
3) light-conducting function; 4) support function
5) maintaining ophthalmotonus
42. a The tissues of the orbit receive nutrition from sources:
1) ethmoidal arteries;
2) lacrimal artery;
3) ophthalmic artery;
4) central retinal artery.
5) middle cerebral artery
43.e The blood supply to the eyeball is carried out by vessels::
1) ophthalmic artery
2) central retinal artery;
3) posterior short ciliary arteries;
4) anterior ciliary arteries
5) posterior long ciliary arteries
44.d Short posterior ciliary arteries supply:
1) cornea;
2) iris;
3) sclera;
4) outer layers of the retina;
5) inner layers of the retina.
45.b Blood supply to the ciliary body and iris is carried out:
1) long posterior ciliary arteries;
2) short posterior ciliary arteries;
3) anterior ciliary arteries
4) ethmoidal arteries;
5) medial arteries of the eyelids;
46.e The outflow of blood from the tissues of the orbit is carried out through:
1) superior ophthalmic vein;
2) inferior ophthalmic vein;
3) central retinal vein
4) superior temporal branch of the central retinal vein
5) inferotemporal branch of the central retinal vein
47. a Motor innervation of extraocular muscles is carried out by the following structures:
1) oculomotor nerve;
2) abducens nerve;
3) trochlear nerve;
4) trigeminal nerve
5) trigeminal node
SECTION 2
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE VISUAL ORGAN.
A. intense total opacification of the cornea;
B. total cataract;
B. central retinal degeneration;
G. complete atrophy of the optic nerve;
D. retinal rupture in the macular zone.
55. The functional state of the cone apparatus of the retina is determined by:
A. light perception;
B. state of light adaptation;
IN. visual acuity;
G. boundaries of peripheral vision;
56. Tempo adaptation should be studied in patients with:
A . retinal abiotrophy;
B. mild to moderate myopia;
B. hypermetropia with astigmatism;
G. strabismus;
D. refractive amblyopia.
57. The formation of binocular vision is possible only when high vision of the right and left eyes is combined with:
A. orthophoria;
B. exophoria;
B. esophoria;
G. lack of fusion.
58. The adaptive ability of the visual analyzer is determined by the ability to:
A. see objects in low light;
B. distinguish light;
IN. adapt to light of different brightness levels;
D. see objects at different distances;
D. distinguish shades of different colors.
B. 20° from the bow side;
IN. 15° on the temporal side;
D. 25° on the temporal side;
D. 30° from the temporal side.
65. Erythropsia is the vision of all surrounding objects in:
A. blue;
B. yellow color;
IN. red;
G. green color.
B. increased intraocular pressure;
B. increased blood pressure in the vascular bed of the eye;
G . dilation of the vessels of the marginal loop network and increased blood supply to this part of the vascular network of the eye;
D. significant thinning of the walls of the vessels of the marginal loop network.
95. The formation of a normal tetrahedral shape of the orbit is observed in a child already at the age of:
A. 1-2 months of life;
B. 3-4 months of life;
B. 6-7 months of life;
G. 1 year of life;
D. 2 years of life.
A. moment of birth;
B. 2-3 months of life;
B. 6 months of life;
G. 1 year of life;
D. 2-3 years of life.
97. In response to the installation of mydriatics, maximum pupil dilation can be obtained in a child already at the age of:
A. 10 days of life;
B. first month of life;
B. the first 3-6 months of life;
G. 1 year of life;
D. 3 years of age and older.
98. Pain sensitivity of the ciliary body is formed in a child only to:
A. 6 months of life;
B. 1 year of life;
B. 3 years of age;
G. 5-7 years of life;
D. 8-10 years of life.
A. more than 70%
B. over 30%;
107. The refractive power of the lens in an adult is on average:
A. 10 diopters;
B. 20 diopters;
V. 30 diopters;
G. 40 diopters;
108. From the layer of large vessels of the choroid,... vorticose veins are formed:
B.
4-6;
G. 10.
109. By approximately 1 year of a child’s life, the following layers of the retina disappear in the macular area:
A. from the second to the third;
B. from third to fourth;
IN . from fifth to ninth;
110. Choroidal vessels are most clearly visible during ophthalmoscopy in:
A. blondes;
B. brown-haired;
V. brunettes;
G. persons of the black race;
D. albinos.
111. In a healthy adult, the ratio of the caliber of the arteries and veins of the retina is normally:
B. 1:1.5;
G. 2:3;
112. Electroretinogram reflects the functional state:
A. inner layers of the retina;
B. outer layers of the retina;
B. subcortical visual centers;
G. cortical visual centers.
113. The threshold of electrical sensitivity reflects the functional state:
A. outer layers of the retina;
B. inner layers of the retina;
B. papillomacular bundle of the optic nerve;
G. subcortical visual centers;
D. cortical visual centers.
114. The lability index, measured by the critical frequency of phosphene disappearance, characterizes the functional state:
A. outer layers of the retina;
B. inner layers of the retina;
IN. conduction tracts (papillomacular bundle);
G. subcortical centers of the visual analyzer.
115. An electroencephalogram performed during a comprehensive examination of a patient with damage to the visual analyzer allows one to judge the functional state:
A. outer layers of the retina;
B. conductive pathways of the visual analyzer;
IN. cortical and (partly) subcortical visual centers;
D. inner layers of the retina.
116. Normal visual acuity in a newborn child is:
A.
thousandths fractions of a unit;
V. 0.02;
D. 0.05.
117. Normal visual acuity in children 6 months of age is:
B.
0,1-0,2;
118. Normal visual acuity in children 3 years of age is:
G. 0, 6 and above;
D. 0.8 and above.
119. Normal visual acuity in children 5 years of age is:
D. 0.7-0.8 and above.
120. Normal visual acuity in children 7 years of age is:
D.
1,0.
TESTS ON THE TOPIC:
QUALIFICATION TESTS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY (Apr 2007)
(full list)
1. Development, normal anatomy and histology
Please indicate one correct answer
1. 001. The thinnest wall of the orbit is:
a) outer wall
b) upper wall
c) inner wall
d) bottom wall
e) upper and inner
2. 002. The optic nerve canal serves to pass:
a) optic nerve
b) abducens nerve
c) oculomotor nerve
d) central retinal vein
e) frontal artery
3. 003. The lacrimal sac is located:
a) inside the eye socket
b) outside the orbit
c) partly inside and partly outside the orbit
d) in the maxillary cavity
e) in the middle cranial fossa
4. 004. For eyelid wounds, tissue regeneration:
a) high
b) low
c) does not differ significantly from tissue regeneration in other areas of the face
d) lower than other areas of the face
d) higher than other areas of the face
5. 005. Tear-producing organs include:
a) lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands
b) lacrimal openings
c) lacrimal canaliculi
d) nasolacrimal duct
6.006. The nasolacrimal duct opens in:
a) inferior lacrimal duct
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal passage
d) into the maxillary sinus
e) into the main sinus
7.007. The sclera is thickest in the area:
b) the equator
c) optic nerve head
d) under the rectus tendon
e) under the tendon of the oblique muscles
8.008. The cornea consists of:
a) two layers
b) three layers
c) four layers
d) five layers
d) six layers
9.009. The layers of the cornea are located:
a) parallel to the surface of the cornea
b) chaotic
c) concentrically
d) in an oblique direction
10.010. Nutrition of the cornea is carried out due to:
a) marginal looped vascular network
b) central retinal artery
c) lacrimal artery
e) supratrochlear artery
11.011. The optic nerve head is located:
a) in the center of the fundus
b) in the nasal half of the fundus
c) in the temporal half of the fundus
d) in the upper half of the fundus
d) outside the fundus
12.012. The functional center of the retina is:
a) optic disc
b) central fossa
c) dentate line zone
d) vascular bundle
e) juxtapapillary zone
13.013. The optic nerve leaves the orbit through
a) superior orbital fissure
b) for. Opticum
c) inferior orbital fissure
d) round hole
e) maxillary sinus
14.014. The vascular tract performs:
a) trophic function
b) light refraction function
c) light perception function
d) protective function
e) support function
15.015. The retina performs the function:
a) refraction of light
b) trophic
c) perception of light
d) protective function
e) support function
16.016. Intraocular fluid is produced mainly by:
a) iris
b) choroid
c) lens
d) ciliary body
e) cornea
17.017. Tenon's capsule separates:
a) choroid from the sclera
b) retina from the vitreous body
c) eyeball from orbital tissue
d) there is no correct answer
e) cornea from sclera
18.018. Bowman's membrane is located between:
a) corneal epithelium and stroma
b) stroma and Descemet's membrane
c) Descemet’s membrane and endothelium
d) layers of the retina
19.019. The choroid nourishes:
a) outer layers of the retina
b) inner layers of the retina
c) the entire retina
d) optic nerve
d) sclera
20.020. The motor apparatus of the eye consists of - ... extraocular muscles
a) four
d) eight
e) ten
21.021. “Muscle funnel” originates from:
a) round hole
b) optic hole
c) superior orbital fissure
d) inferior orbital fissure
e) the inner wall of the orbit
22.022. The arterial circle of Haller is formed:
b) short posterior ciliary arteries
c) ethmoidal arteries
d) muscle arteries
d) all of the above
23.023. The central retinal artery supplies:
a) choroid
b) inner layers of the retina
c) outer layers of the retina
d) vitreous body
d) sclera
24.024. The orbital nerve is:
a) sensory nerve
b) motor nerve
c) mixed nerve
d) parasympathetic nerve
d) sympathetic nerve
25.025. In the area of the chiasm,...% of the fibers of the optic nerves intersect
26.026. Eye development begins at:
a) 1-2 weeks of intrauterine life
b) 3rd week of intrauterine life
c) 4th week of intrauterine life
d) 5th week of intrauterine life
e) 10th week of intrauterine life
27.027. The choroid is formed:
a) mesoderm
b) ectoderm
c) mixed nature
d) neuroectoderm
e) endoderm
28.028. The retina is formed from:
a) ectoderm
b) neuroectoderm
c) mesoderm
d) endoderm
d) mixed nature
29.029. Passes through the superior orbital fissure:
a) ophthalmic nerve
b) oculomotor nerves
c) main venous collector
d) abducens, trochlear nerves
d) all of the above are true
30.030. Eyelids are:
a) top of the orbit
b) accessory, protective part of the organ of vision
c) all of the above
d) the side wall of the orbit
d) do not relate to the organ of vision
31.031. The branches of the ophthalmic artery are:
a) central retinal artery
b) lacrimal artery
c) supraorbital artery
d) frontal, supratrochlear artery
d) all of the above are true
32.032. The outflow of blood from the eyelids is directed:
a) towards the veins of the orbit, facial veins, in both directions
b) towards the facial veins
c) in both directions
d) towards the upper jaw
e) towards the cavernous sinus
33.033. Pericorneal injection indicates:
a) conjunctivitis, increased IOP, inflammation of the vascular tract
b) increased intraocular pressure
c) inflammation of the vascular tract
d) damage to tear-producing organs
d) intraocular foreign body
34. 34. Innervation of the lacrimal gland is carried out:
a) parasympathetic nervous system
b) sympathetic nervous system
c) mixed type
d) facial and trigeminal nerves
d) abducens nerve
35. 35. Fluid outflow from the anterior chamber occurs through:
a) pupil area
b) lens capsule
c) ligaments of Zinn
d) trabecular zone
d) iris zone
36. 36. The position of the jagged line corresponds to:
a) limbus projection zone
b) the place of attachment of the rectus tendons
c) trabecular projection zone
d) behind the projection zone of the ciliary body
37. 37. The choroid consists of a layer:
a) small, medium, large vessels
b) middle vessels
c) large vessels
d) nerve fibers
38. 38. The optic nerve has sheaths:
a) soft shell, arachnoid, internal elastic
b) arachnoid membrane
c) internal elastic
d) hard shell
39. 039. The moisture of the anterior chamber serves for:
a) nutrition of the cornea and lens
b) removal of waste metabolic products
c) maintaining normal ophthalmotonus
d) all of the above
40. 40. Within<мышечной воронки>located:
a) optic nerve
b) ophthalmic artery
c) oculomotor nerve
d) abducens nerve
d) all of the above
41. 41. The vitreous body performs all functions:
a) trophic function
b) "buffer function"
c) light-conducting function
d) support function
d) all of the above
42. 42. The tissues of the orbit receive nutrition from sources:
a) ethmoidal arteries, lacrimal, orbital arteries
b) lacrimal artery
c) ophthalmic artery
d) central retinal artery
e) middle cerebral artery
43. 43. The blood supply to the eyeball is carried out by vessels:
a) ophthalmic artery
b) central retinal artery
c) posterior short ciliary arteries
d) anterior ciliary arteries
d) all of the above are true
44. 44. The short posterior ciliary arteries supply:
a) cornea
b) iris
c) sclera
d) outer layers of the retina
e) inner layers of the retina
45. 45. Blood supply to the ciliary body and iris is carried out:
a) long posterior ciliary arteries
b) long posterior ciliary arteries, anterior ciliary
c) anterior ciliary arteries
d) ethmoidal arteries
e) medial arteries of the eyelids
46. 46. The outflow of blood from the tissues of the orbit is carried out through:
a) superior ophthalmic vein
b) inferior ophthalmic vein
c) central retinal vein
d) superior temporal branch of the central retinal vein
d) all of the above are true
47. 47. Motor innervation of extraocular muscles is carried out through the structures:
a) oculomotor, abducens, trochlear nerve
b) abducens nerve
c) trochlear nerve
d) trigeminal nerve
e) trigeminal ganglion
2. Physiology of the organ of vision, functional and clinical research methods
Please indicate one correct answer
48. 48. The main function of the visual analyzer, without which all its other visual functions cannot develop, is:
a) peripheral vision
b) monocular visual acuity
c) color perception
d) light perception
d) binocular vision
49. 49. With visual acuity above 1.0, the visual angle is equal to:
a) less than 1 minute
b) 1 minute
c) 1.5 minutes
d) 2 minutes
e) 2.5 minutes
50. 50. For the first time, a table for determining visual acuity was compiled by:
a) Golovin
b) Sivtsev
c) Snellen
d) Landolt
d) Orlova
51. 51. With parafoveal fixation, visual acuity in a 10-12 year old child corresponds to the following values:
a) more than 1.0
e) below 0.5
52. 52. In modern tables for determining visual acuity by Golovin Sivtsev for determining visual acuity, small details of the presented objects are visible from a visual angle:
a) less than 1 minute
b) in 1 minute
c) in 2 minutes
d) in 3 minutes
e) more than 3 minutes
53. 53. If a person distinguishes from a distance of 1 meter only the first line of the table for determining visual acuity, then his visual acuity is equal to:
54. 54. There is no light perception in a patient with:
a) intense total opacification of the cornea
b) total cataract
c) central retinal degeneration
d) complete atrophy of the optic nerve
e) retinal tear in the macular zone
55. 55. The functional state of the spinous apparatus of the retina is determined by:
a) light perception
b) state of light adaptation
c) visual acuity
d) boundaries of peripheral vision
56. 56. Dark adaptation should be studied in patients with:
a) retinal abiotrophy
b) mild and moderate myopia
c) hypermetropia with astigmatism
d) squint
e) refractive amblyopia
57. 57.The formation of binocular vision is possible only with a combination of high right and left eyes with:
a) orthophoria
b) exophoria
c) esophoria
d) lack of fusion
58. 58. The adaptive ability of the visual analyzer is determined by the ability:
a) see objects in low light
b) distinguish light
c) adapt to light of different brightness levels
d) see objects at different distances
d) distinguish shades of different colors
59. 59. The fusion reflex in a healthy child is formed already at age
a) 1st week of life
b) the first month of life
c) the first 2 months of life
d) the first 5-6 months of life
d) 2nd year of life
60. 060. The size of the blind spot, determined campimetrically, is normally equal to in an adult:
61. 61. Homonymous and heteronymous hemianopsia is determined in patients with:
a) central retinal degeneration
b) anisometropia
c) pathological changes in the visual pathways
d) pathological processes in the area of the Graziole bundle
e) atrophy of papillomacular nerve fibers
62. 62. The fixation reflex is already formed in a healthy child:
a) in the first week of life
b) in the first month of life
c) by 2 months of life
d) by 6 months of life
d) by one year of life
63. 63. Chloropsia is the vision of all surrounding objects in:
a) yellow
b) red
c) green
d) blue
64.064. Physiological scotoma, determined during a perimetric examination of a person, is normally located in relation to the fixation point at:
a) 15 degrees from the bow side
b) 20 degrees from the bow side
c) 15 degrees from the temporal side
d) 25 degrees from the temporal side
e) 30 degrees from the temporal side
65.065. Erythropsia is the vision of all surrounding objects in:
a) blue
b) yellow
c) red
d) green
66.066. Xanthopsia is the vision of surrounding objects in:
a) blue
b) yellow
c) green
d) red
67.067. Cyanopsia is the vision of surrounding objects in:
a) yellow
b) blue
c) red
68. 68. Normally, the field of view has the smallest dimensions on:
a) white color
b) red color
c) green color
d) yellow color
d) blue color
69. 69. In a healthy adult with a normally developed visual analyzer, individual fluctuations in the boundaries of the visual field for white color do not exceed:
a) 5-10 degrees
b) 15 degrees
c) 20 degrees
d) 25 degrees
70. 70. The field of view has the widest boundaries (normally) on:
a) red color
b) yellow color
c) green color
d) blue color
d) white color
71. 71. In an adult with a normally developed visual analyzer, the lower limit of the field of vision for white color is located from the point of fixation at:
a) 45 degrees
b) 50 degrees
c) 55 degrees
d) 65-70 degrees
72. 72. In an adult with a normally developed visual analyzer, the outer (temporal) border of the field of vision for white color is located from the point of fixation at:
a) 60 degrees
b) 70 degrees
c) 90 degrees
d) 100 degrees
d) 120 degrees
73. 73. In an adult with a normally developed visual analyzer, the internal border of the visual field for white color is located from the point of fixation at:
a) 25 degrees
b) 30-40 degrees
c) 55 degrees
d) 65 degrees
d) 75 degrees
74. 74. For the normal formation of stereoscopic vision, a necessary condition is the presence of:
a) normal boundaries of peripheral vision
b) monocular visual acuity not lower than 1.0
c) trichromatic vision
d) binocular vision
e) normal adaptive ability of the organ of vision
75. 75. In an adult, intraocular pressure should not normally exceed:
a) 10-12mm Hg. St
b) 12-15mm Hg
c) 15-20mm Hg
d) 20-23 mm Hg.
76. 76. Pathological changes in ophthalmotonus cannot be objectively assessed only by:
a) tonometric study using the Maklakov-Polyak method
b) palpation examination of the eyes
c) tonometric examination of the eye with a Dashevsky tonometer
d) tonographic examination
d) elastotonometry
77. 77. The bactericidal effect of tears is ensured by the presence in it of:
a) lidases
b) chymopsin
c) lysozyme
d) phosphatases
d) mucin
78. 78. The number of eyelid blinks reaches the normal 8-12 per minute in children by age:
a) 3 months of life
b) 1 year of life
c) 5 years of life
d) 7-10 years of life
d) 14-15 years of life
79. 79. The first part of the Vesta test is considered positive if the dye (collargol or fluorescein) completely leaves the conjunctival sac into the lacrimal ducts for:
a) 1-2 minutes
b) 2-3 minutes
c) 3-4 minutes
d) 4-5 minutes
e) 6-7 minutes longer
80. 80. The second part of the Vesta test is considered positive if the dye from the conjunctival sac passes into the nose beyond:
a) 1 minute
b) 2 minutes
c) 3 minutes
d) 5-10 minutes
d) more than 10 minutes
81. 81. For contrast radiography of the lacrimal ducts, one of the following substances is used:
a) collargol
b) fluorescein
c) iodolipol
d) aqueous solution of brilliant green
e) aqueous solution of blue
82. 82. Normal functioning of the lacrimal glands (tear secretion) is formed in children aged:
a) the first S-1 months of life
b) the first 2-3 months of life
c) the first 6-8 months of life
d) 1 year of life
d) 2-3 years of life
83. 83. Meibomian glands, located in the cartilaginous plates of the eyelids, secrete:
b) mucous secretion
c) sebaceous secretion
d) aqueous humor
84. 84. The secretion of the meibomian glands is necessary for:
a) lubricating the surface of the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye
b) lubricating the edges of the eyelids in order to protect their surface from maceration
c) nutrition of the cornea and conjunctiva
d) prevention of the development of the inflammatory process in the conjunctiva
e) prevention of the development of a dystrophic process in the cornea
85. 85. Low sensitivity of the cornea in children in the first months of life is associated with:
a) structural features of the corneal epithelium
b) the peculiarity of the functioning of the lacrimal glands
c) still incomplete formation of the trigeminal nerve
d) insufficient functioning of the mucous glands
e) sensory nerve endings located too deeply in the corneal tissue
86. 86. The highest sensitivity of the cornea is determined in:
a) limbus areas
b) paralimbal zone
c) its upper half
d) central zone
e) paracentral zone
87. 87. The sensitivity of the cornea is impaired when damaged
a) facial nerve
b) oculomotor nerve
c) trigeminal nerve
d) trochlear nerve
d) abducens nerve
88. 088. The refractive power of the cornea normally amounts to the entire refractive power of the optical system of the eye:
89.089. The passage of liquids, gases and electrolytes through the cornea into the eye is mainly influenced by its condition:
a) epithelium and endothelium
b) stroma
c) Descemet's membrane
d) tear film
90. 090. Water makes up in the intraocular fluid up to:
91. 091. Water makes up in the lens of a child’s eye up to:
92. 92. The main role in the redox processes of lens proteins belongs to:
a) albumin
b) globulins
c) cysteine
d) collagen
93. 93. The marginal vascular network of the cornea in a healthy eye is not detected due to the fact that these vessels:
a) not filled with blood
b) covered with opaque scleral tissue
c) has a very small caliber
d) color matches the surrounding tissues of the eye
94. 94. The appearance of pericorneal injection in some pathological conditions of the eye is explained:
a) normal blood circulation in the vessels of the marginal loop network
b) increased intraocular pressure
c) increased blood pressure in the vascular bed of the eye
d) dilation of the vessels of the marginal loop network and increased blood supply to this part of the vascular network of the eye
e) significant thinning of the walls of the vessels of the marginal loop network
95. 95. The formation of a normal tetrahedral shape of the orbit is observed in a child already at the age of:
a) 1-2 months of life
b) 3-4 months of life
c) 6-7 months of life
d) 1 year of life
d) 2 years of life
a) moment of birth
b) 2-3 months of life
c) 6 months of life
d) 1 year of life
d) 2-3 years of life
97. 97. In response to instillation of mydriatics, maximum pupil dilation can be obtained in a child already at the age of:
a) 10 days of life
b) the first month of life
c) the first 3-6 months of life
d) 1 year of life
e) 3 years of age and older
98. 98. Pain sensitivity of the ciliary body is formed in a child only to:
a) 6 months of life
b) 1 year of life
c) 3 years of life
d) 5-7 years of life
e) 8-10 years of life
99. 99. The accommodative function of a healthy eye reaches its maximum value in a person at the age of:
a) 3 years of life
b) 5-6 years of life
c) 7-8 years of life
d) 14-16 years of life
e) 20 years and older
100. 100. In a healthy child with normal (physiological) growth of the eyeball, the sagittal size of the eye increases during the first year of life on average by:
101. 101. In a healthy child with normal (physiological) growth of the eyeball, the sagittal size of the eye increases from 1 year of life to 15-16 years on average by:
102. 102. In an adult with emmetropic refraction, the sagittal size of the eye is on average:
103. 103. In the vitreous body of a healthy eye, water amounts to:
104. 104. The most important physiological function of Bruch's limiting membrane is:
a) protection of the retina from toxic blood components
b) the implementation of metabolism between blood and retinal pigment epithelium cells
c) thermal insulation of the retina
d) barrier function
e) skeleton function
105. 105. The main physiological function of the vorticose veins is:
a) regulation of intraocular pressure
b) outflow of venous blood from the tissues of the posterior part of the eye
c) thermoregulation of eye tissues
d) ensuring normal trophism of the retina
106. 106. Proteins make up the total mass of the lens:
a) more than 70%
b) more than 30%
107. 107. The refractive power of the lens in an adult is on average:
108. 108. From the layer of large vessels of the choroid,….vorticose veins are formed
a) from 2 to 3
b) from 4 to 6
c) from 8 to 9
109. 109. By about 1 year of a child’s life, the following layers of the retina disappear in the macular area
a) from the second to the third
b) from third to fourth
c) from five to nine
d) from sixth to eighth
110. 110. Choroidal vessels are most clearly visible during ophthalmoscopy in:
a) blondes
b) brown-haired
c) brunettes
d) people of the black race
e) albinos
111. 111. In a healthy adult, the ratio of the caliber of the arteries and veins of the retina is normally:
112. 112. Electroretinogram reflects the functional state:
a) inner layers of the retina
b) outer layers of the retina
c) subcortical visual centers
d) cortical visual centers
113. 113. The threshold of electrical sensitivity reflects the functional state:
a) outer layers of the retina
b) inner layers of the retina
c) papillomacular bundle of the optic nerve
d) subcortical visual centers
e) cortical visual centers
114. 114. The lability index, measured by the critical frequency of phosphene disappearance, characterizes the functional state:
a) outer layers of the retina
b) inner layers of the retina
c) pathways (papillomacular bundle)
d) subcortical centers of the visual analyzer
115. 115. An electroencephalogram performed during a comprehensive examination of a patient with damage to the visual analyzer allows one to judge the functional state of:
a) outer layers of the retina
b) conductive pathways of the visual analyzer
c) cortical and (partly) subcortical visual centers
d) inner layers of the retina
116. 116. Normal visual acuity in a newborn child is:
a) thousandths of a unit
117. 117. Visual acuity in children 6 months of age is normally
118. 118. Normal visual acuity in children 3 years of age is:
d) 0.6 and above
e) 0.8 and above
119. 119. Normal visual acuity in children 5 years of age is:
e) 0.7-0.8 and above
120. 120. Visual acuity in children 7 years of age is normally equal to:
3. Refraction and accommodation
Please indicate one correct answer
121. 121. The refraction of an optical system is called:
a) a state closely related to convergence
b) refractive power of the optical system, expressed in diopters
c) the ability of an optical system to neutralize light passing through it
d) reflection by the optical system of rays incident on it
e) a system of lenses located at a certain distance from each other
122. 122. The normal power of physical refraction of the human eye is:
a) from 10 to 20D
b) from 21 to 51D
c) from 52 to 71D
d) from 72 to 91D
d) from 91 to 100d
123. 123. The following types of clinical refraction of the eye are distinguished:
a) permanent and non-permanent
b) disbinocular and anisometropic
c) cornea and lens
d) static and dynamic
124. 124. Static clinical refraction of the eye reflects:
a) refractive power of the cornea
b) true clinical refraction of the eye in a state of resting accommodation
c) refractive power of the lens
d) the refractive power of the optical system of the eye in relation to the retina with active accommodation
125. 125. Dynamic clinical refraction of the eye is understood as:
a) the refractive power of the optical system of the eye in relation to the retina with active accommodation
Book
VC. Balsevich - Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, Doctor of Biology. Sciences, Professor of the Russian State University of Physical Education, Chief Editor of the journal “Physical Culture: Education, Training, Training”,
01. The thinnest wall of the orbit is:
a) outer wall
b) upper wall
c) inner wall
d) bottom wall
e) upper and inner
02. The optic nerve canal serves to pass:
a) optic nerve
b) abducens nerve
c) oculomotor nerve
d) central retinal vein
e) frontal artery
03. The lacrimal sac is located:
a) inside the eye socket
b) outside the orbit
c) partly inside and partly outside the orbit.
d) in the maxillary cavity
e) in the middle cranial fossa
04. For eyelid wounds, tissue regeneration:
a) high
b) low
c) does not differ significantly from tissue regeneration in other areas of the face
d) lower than other areas of the face.
d) higher than other areas of the face
05. Tear-producing organs include:
a) lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands
b) lacrimal openings
c) lacrimal canaliculi
d) nasolacrimal duct
06. The nasolacrimal duct opens in:
a) lower nasal passage
b) middle nasal meatus
c) superior nasal passage
d) into the maxillary sinus
e) into the main sinus
07. The sclera is thickest in the area:
b) the equator
c) optic nerve head
d) under the rectus tendon.
e) under the tendon of the oblique muscles
08. The cornea consists of:
a) two layers
b) three layers
c) four layers
d) five layers
d) six layers
09. The layers of the cornea are located:
a) parallel to the surface of the cornea
b) chaotic
c) concentrically
d) in an oblique direction
10. Nutrition of the cornea is provided by:
a) marginal looped vascular network
b) central retinal artery
c) lacrimal artery
d) anterior ciliary arteries
e) supratrochlear artery
11. The optic nerve head is located:
a) in the center of the fundus
b) in the nasal half of the fundus:
d) in the upper half of the fundus
d) outside the fundus
12. The functional center of the retina is:
a) optic disc
b) central fossa
c) dentate line zone
d) vascular bundle.
e) juxtapapillary zone
13. The optic nerve leaves the orbit through:
a) superior orbital fissure
b) for. opticum
c) inferior orbital fissure
d) round hole
e) maxillary sinus
14. The vascular tract performs:
a) trophic function
b) light refraction function
c) light perception function
d) protective function
e) support function
15. The retina performs the function:
a) refraction of light
b) trophic
c) perception of light
d) protective function
e) support function
16. Intraocular fluid is produced mainly by:
a) iris
b) choroid
c) lens
d) ciliary body
e) cornea
17. Tenon’s capsule separates:
a) choroid from the sclera
b) retina from the vitreous body
c) eyeball from orbital tissue
d) there is no correct answer
e) cornea from sclera
18. Bowman's membrane is located between:
a) corneal epithelium and stroma
b) stroma and Descemet's membrane
c) Descemet’s membrane and endothelium
d) layers of the retina
19. The choroid nourishes:
b) inner layers of the retina
c) the entire retina
d) optic nerve
d) sclera
20. The motor apparatus of the eye consists of muscles:
a) four
d) eight
e) ten
21. “Muscle funnel” originates from:
a) round hole
b) optic hole
c) superior orbital fissure
d) inferior orbital fissure
e) the inner wall of the orbit
22. The arterial circle of Haller is formed by:
a) long posterior ciliary arteries
b) short posterior ciliary arteries
c) ethmoidal arteries
d) muscle arteries
d) all of the above
23. The central retinal artery supplies:
a) choroid
b) inner layers of the retina
c) outer layers of the retina
d) vitreous body
d.) sclera
24. The orbital nerve is:
a) sensory nerve
b) motor nerve
c) mixed nerve
d) parasympathetic nerve
d) sympathetic nerve
25. In the area of the chiasm, ...% of the fibers of the optic nerves intersect:
e) 10%
26. Eye development begins at:
a) 1-2 weeks of intrauterine life
b) 3rd week-
c) 4th week
d) 5th week.
d) 10th week
27. The choroid is formed:
a) mesoderm
b) ectoderm
c) mixed nature
d) neuroectoderm
e) endoderm
28. The retina is formed from:
a) ectoderm
b) neuroectoderm
c) mesoderm
d) endoderm
d) mixed nature
29. Through the superior orbital fissure passes:
1) ophthalmic nerve
2) oculomotor nerves
3) main venous collector
4) abducens nerve
5) trochlear nerve
d) if the correct answer is 4
30. Eyelids are:
1) accessory part of the organ of vision
4) side wall of the orbit
5) do not relate to the organ of vision
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
31. The branches of the ophthalmic artery are:
1) central retinal artery
2) lacrimal artery
3) supraorbital artery
4) frontal artery
5) supratrochlear artery
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
32. The outflow of blood from the eyelids is directed:
1) towards the veins of the orbit
2) towards the facial veins
3) in both directions
4) towards the upper jaw
5) towards the cavernous sinus
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
33. Pericorneal injection indicates:
1) conjunctivitis
2) increased intraocular pressure
3) inflammation of the vascular tract
4) damage to tear-producing organs
5) intraocular foreign body
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
34. Innervation of the lacrimal gland is carried out:
1) parasympathetic nervous system
2) sympathetic nervous system
3) mixed type
4) facial and trigeminal nerves
5) abducens nerve
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
35. Fluid outflow from the anterior chamber occurs through:
1) pupil area
2) lens capsule
3) ligaments of Zinn
4) trabecular zone
5) iris zone
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
36. The position of the jagged line corresponds to:
1) limbus projection zone
2) the place of attachment of the rectus tendons
3) trabecular projection zone
4) behind the projection zone of the ciliary body
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
37. The choroid consists of a layer:
1) small vessels
2) middle vessels
3) large vessels
4) nerve fibers
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
38. The optic nerve has sheaths:
1) soft shell
2) arachnoid membrane
3) internal elastic
4) hard shell
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
39. The moisture of the anterior chamber serves for:
1) nutrition of the cornea and lens
2) removal of waste metabolic products
3) maintaining normal ophthalmotonus
4) light refraction
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
40. Within the “muscular funnel” there is:
1) optic nerve
2) ophthalmic artery
3) oculomotor nerve
4) abducens nerve
5) trochlear nerve
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
41. The vitreous body performs all functions:
1) trophic function
2) “buffer” function
3) light-conducting function
4) support function
5) maintaining ophthalmotonus
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
42. The tissues of the orbit receive nutrition from sources:
1) ethmoidal arteries
2) lacrimal artery
3) ophthalmic artery
4) central retinal artery.
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
43. The blood supply to the eyeball is carried out by vessels::
1) ophthalmic artery
2) central retinal artery
3) posterior short ciliary arteries
4) anterior ciliary arteries
5) posterior long ciliary arteries
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
44. The short posterior ciliary arteries supply:
1) cornea
2) iris
4) outer layers of the retina
5) inner layers of the retina.
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
45. Blood supply to the ciliary body and iris is carried out:
1) long posterior ciliary arteries
2) short posterior ciliary arteries
3) anterior ciliary arteries
4) ethmoidal arteries
5) medial arteries of the eyelids
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
46. The outflow of blood from the tissues of the orbit is carried out through:
1) superior ophthalmic vein
2) inferior ophthalmic vein
3) central retinal vein
5) inferotemporal branch of the central retinal vein
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
47. Motor innervation of extraocular muscles is carried out by the following structures:
1) oculomotor nerve
2) abducens nerve
3) trochlear nerve
4) trigeminal nerve
5) trigeminal node
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1, 2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
(=#) SECTION 2. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE VISUAL ORGAN. FUNCTIONAL AND CLINICAL METHODS FOR STUDYING THE VISUAL ORGAN
48. The main function of the visual analyzer, without which all its other visual functions cannot develop, is:
a) peripheral vision
b) monocular visual acuity
c) color perception
d) light perception
e) binocular vision.
49. With visual acuity above 1.0, the visual angle is equal to:
a) less than 1 minute
b) 1 minute
c) 1.5 minutes
d) 2 minutes
e) 2.5 minutes
50. For the first time, a table for determining visual acuity was compiled by:
a) Golovin
b) Sivtsev
c) Snellen
d) Landolt
d) Orlova
51. With parafoveal fixation, visual acuity in a 10-12 year old child corresponds to the following values:
a) more than 1.0
e) below 0.513
52. In modern tables for determining visual acuity by Golovin Sivtsev for determining visual acuity, small details of the presented objects are visible from a visual angle:
a) less than 1 minute
b) in 1 minute
c) in 2 minutes
d) in 3 minutes
e) more than 3 minutes
53. If a person distinguishes from a distance of 1 meter only the first line of the table for determining visual acuity, then his visual acuity is equal to:
d) 0.005
54. There is no light perception in a patient with:
a) intense total opacification of the cornea
b) total cataract
c) central retinal degeneration
d) complete atrophy of the optic nerve
e) retinal tear in the macular zone
55. The functional state of the cone apparatus of the retina is determined by:
a) light perception
b) state of light adaptation
c) visual acuity
d) boundaries of peripheral vision
56. Dark adaptation should be studied in patients with:
a) retinal abiotrophy
b) mild and moderate myopia
c) hypermetropia with astigmatism
d) squint
e) refractive amblyopia
57. The formation of binocular vision is possible only when high vision of the right and left eyes is combined with:
a) orthophoria
b) exophoria
c) esophoria
d) lack of fusion
58. The adaptive ability of the visual analyzer is determined by the ability to:
a) see objects in low light
b) distinguish light
c) adapt to light of different brightness levels
d) see objects at different distances
d) distinguish shades of different colors
#THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF TEARING ARE
Non-immersion of lacrimal openings in the lacrimal lake
Inflammation of the tear ducts
Inflammation of the lacrimal sac
Inflammation of the nasolacrimal duct
Narrowing or obstruction of any part of the lacrimal duct
All of the above reasons
#TUBE TEST IS CONSIDERED POSITIVE IF THE EYEBALL IS AFTER
INSTALLATION Sol.Collargoli 3% BEGINS TO DISCOLORIZE AFTER
1-2 minutes
3-4 minutes
More than 10 minutes
#NASAL TEST IS CONSIDERED POSITIVE IF Sol.Collargoli 3% HIT
INTO THE NOSE THROUGH
1-2 minutes
5-10 minutes
10-15 minutes
15-20 minutes
#DIYING SUBSTANCE IS USED TO CARRY OUT THE NOSTAL-LACRIMAL TEST
Furacilin 1:5000
Sol.Collargoli 3%
1% alcohol solution of brilliant green
#WHEN WASHING THE LACRIMARY PATHWAYS WHEN THEY ARE NORMAL PASSABILITY
LIQUID IS LEAVING
Stream from the nose
Nasal drops
Through another lacrimal punctum
Through the same lacrimal punctum
#MOST COMPLETE INFORMATION ABOUT THE LEVEL OF OBLITERATION OF THE LACRIMAL TRACT
Tubular test
Nasolacrimal test
Rinsing the lacrimal ducts
Diagnostic probing
X-ray with contrast agent
#IN ACUTE DACRYOADENITI, THE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS IS LOCALIZED
In the outer part of the upper eyelid
In the inner part of the upper eyelid
In the outer part of the lower eyelid
In the inner part of the lower eyelid
Can be any localization
#DACRIOADENITIS IS A COMPLICATION OF COMMON INFECTIONS
Typhoid fever
Mumps
Any of the listed diseases
#THE CAUSE OF CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS IS
Stenosis of the lacrimal tubules
Stenosis of the nasolacrimal canal
Chronic conjunctivitis
Chronic meibomitis
#WHY IS PROBING OF THE NOSTAL CHANNEL CONTRAINDICATED IN
CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS
Formation of additional strictures
Damage to the wall of the sac and breakthrough of infection into surrounding tissues
Probing is not contraindicated
Damage to large blood vessels
#OUTSIDE BARLEY IS
Inflammatory infiltrate in the thickness of the eyelid
Acute purulent inflammation of the hair follicle of the eyelash root
Chronic inflammation of the sebaceous gland
Acute inflammation of the meibomian gland
#EXTERNAL STYES ARE MORE COMMONLY CAUSED
Diplococcus
Pneumococcus
Staphylococcus
Streptococcus
#REASONS CONTRIBUTING TO BARLEY
Trigeminal nerve palsy
Nervous stress
Vitamin deficiency, weakening of the body after infections
Prolonged work associated with accommodation stress
#MAIN COMPLAINT WITH EXTERNAL BARLEY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE PROCESS
Photophobia
Tearing
Purulent discharge from the conjunctival cavity
Local pain in the corresponding area of the eyelid
#PREMIMARY LOCALIZATION OF EXTERNAL BARLEY
Upper eyelid
Lower eyelid
At the inner corner
At the outer corner
#OBJECTIVE DATA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE PROCESS IN BARLEY
Limited redness and swelling
Inability to open your eyes on your own
Moderate exophthalmos
Purulent crusts at the roots of eyelashes
#MANIPULATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF BARLEY, WHICH CAN LEAD TO SUCH
COMPLICATIONS SUCH AS ORBITAL PHLEGMON, ORBITAL VEIN THROMBOPHLEBITIS
Tea lotions
Autohemotherapy
Dry heat
Squeezing out pus
#WHEN OPERATIVE REMOVAL OF A CHALAZION, THE REMOVED TISSUE IS DIRECTED
FOR HISTOLOGY BECAUSE:
Chalazion is a malignant formation
Gives metastases to tubular bones
Instead of a chalazion, there may be adenocarcinoma of the meibomian gland
To determine viral inclusions in cells
#CHARACTERISTIC FOR LAGOPHTHALMOS
Inability to close the palpebral fissure
Drooping of the upper eyelid
#PTOSIS CAN BE CAUSED BY LESION
N.oculomotorius
#CHARACTERISTIC FOR PTOSIS
Inability to close the palpebral fissure
Complete or partial fusion of the edges of the eyelids in the area of the palpebral fissure
Drooping of the upper eyelid
Skin fold of the upper eyelid in the outer corner of the eye
#TREATMENT OF PTOSIS
Surgical
Instillations Sol.Atropini sulfatis 1%
Placing a medicinal film with an antibiotic behind the eyelid
Exercises to strengthen the muscle that lifts the upper eyelid
Using hypnosis
#ACUTE PURIFIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE EYELIDS ARE
Blepharitis
Chalazion
#SYMPTOMS OF BLEPHARITIS ARE EXCEPT
Inflammation of the edges of the eyelids
Eyelash loss
Persistent long course
Formation of scales at the root of eyelashes
Exophthalmos
#THE CAUSES OF BLEPHARITIS ARE, EXCEPT
Pathology of the digestive tract
Endocrine and metabolic disorders
Worm infestations
Uncorrected refractive errors (hypermetropia, astigmatism)
Oculomotor nerve palsy
#THE KEY TO SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF BLEPHARITIS IS
Determining the etiology of the disease
Systematic, regular long-term treatment
Correction of ametropia
Balanced diet
All listed activities
#MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE EYELIDS ARE
Dermoid cyst
Meibomian gland adenocarcinoma
Meibomian gland adenoma
All listed entities
#BENIGN NEOPLASMS OF THE EYELIDS ARE INCLUDED
Dermoid cyst
Cutaneous horn
Meibomian gland adenoma
Hemangioma
All listed entities
None of the listed entities
#INNERVATION OF THE CORNEA IS PROVIDED
First branch of the trigeminal nerve, sympathetic fibers of the plexus
internal carotid artery
First branch of the trigeminal nerve, sympathetic fibers of the plexus
internal carotid artery, facial nerve
First branch of the trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, parasympathetic
oculomotor nerve fibers
#THE OVERWHELMING MOST OF SENSITIVE NERVE ENDINGS ARE
Anterior epithelium and superficial layers of stroma
Anterior epithelium, superficial and deep layers of stroma
Anterior epithelium, superficial and deep layers of stroma, posterior
epithelium
#MAIN METHODS FOR STUDYING THE CONDITION OF THE CORNEA ARE
Transmitted light examination and side illumination method
Side illumination method and biomicroscopy
Biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy
#TO DETERMINE THE INTEGRITY OF THE CORNEAAL EPITHELIUM, IT IS NECESSARY TO INSTALL
CONJUNCTIVAL CAVITY
Sol.Dicaini 0.5%
Sol.Sulfacyli-natrii 30%
Sol.Collargoli 1%
Sol.Fluoresceini 1%
#FOR AN ORIENTATIVE CHECK OF THE CORNEAL SENSITIVITY
Use the “air jet” method (from a rubber bulb or mouth)
Touch with a thin flagellum rolled from damp cotton wool
Touch the cornea with the end of a glass rod or pipette,
strip of paper
#INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF THE CORNEA IS CALLED
Conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Cyclitome
#CHARACTERISTIC FOR KERATITIS
Conjunctival injection
Pericorneal injection
Mixed injection
Congestive injection
#FOR PERICORNEAL INJECTION THE FOLLOWING SIGNS ARE CHARACTERISTIC
Dilated vessels of the marginal looped network, not visible due to the matte
episclera, translucent with a pink-violet halo along the limbus,
with decreasing intensity towards the arches
The conjunctiva is dark red with a bluish tint and dilated
and tortuous vessels, the underlying episclera is edematous with excess
blood filling of vessels
The conjunctiva is bright red in color, decreasing in intensity as
approaching the cornea; individual ones are clearly visible
congested blood vessels, possible petechiae
#INFLAMMATORY FOCUS IN THE CORNEA IS CALLED
Abscess
Infiltrate
Phlegmon
#DURING KERATITIS, CLOUDS
Gray color with blurred borders
White with clear borders
#DUE TO CLEARANCE (LEUCOMA) CLOSURDINESS
Gray with clear borders
Gray color with blurred borders
White with blurred borders
White with clear borders
#WHEN KERATITIS HARNESSES IN THIS AREA
Gray color with no mirror shine
White color with a mirror-like shine
#WHEN A TELUSION (LEUCOMA) IS CLOSED IN THIS AREA
Gray color with a mirror-like shine
Gray color with no mirror shine
White color with a mirror-like shine
White color without mirror shine
#TYPICAL COMPLAINTS IN KERATITIS ARE
Photophobia, aching pain when looking at a light source, feeling
Photophobia, lacrimation, blepharospasm, foreign body sensation behind
#SYNDROME CHARACTERIZED BY COMPLAINTS TYPICAL OF KERATITIS
IN COMBINATION WITH A PERICORNEAL INJECTION, CALLED
Keratitis
Pericorneal
Horn-shaped
#IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS OF THE CORNEA, INFILTRATE AT THE BEGINNING
Scarring
Ulcerates
Metastasizes
#IGGROWTH OF BLOOD VESSELS INTO THE CORNEA HAS BEEN NAMED
Infiltration
Vascularization
#A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN CORNEA SENSITIVITY IS CHARACTERISTIC FOR
KERATITIS
Bacterial
Herpetic
Tuberculosis
Syphilitic
#PROBABLE CAUSES OF PURULENT CORNEAL ULCERS ARE
Adenoviruses, herpes virus, mycobacteria
Blue purulent and Escherichia coli
Diplococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus
#THE ACCUMULATION OF PUS AT THE BOTTOM OF THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER IS CALLED
Leukoma
Hypopyon
#MAIN CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF CREEPING CORNEAL ULCER
Copious purulent discharge from the bottom of the ulcer, rough scarring
with a pronounced violation of the sphericity of the cornea
Deep and extensive ulceration of the cornea, pronounced vascularization,
early scarring
Presence of a progressive zone of ulcer (active edge), early iridocyclitis
with hypopyon
#POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS OF PURULENT CORNEAL ULCER
Atrophy of the eyeball, cataract, symblepharon
Corneal perforation, endophthalmitis, secondary glaucoma
Panophthalmitis, pannus, keratoconus
#IN PURULENT KERATITIS, THE FOLLOWING LABORATORY TESTS ARE NECESSARY
RESEARCH
Immunological
Biochemical
Microscopic and bacteriological
Fluorescent research methods
#PRINCIPLES OF CONSERVATIVE THERAPY OF PURULENT KERATITIS
Active antibiotic therapy, cleansing and extinguishing the ulcer, stimulation
epithelization, relief of iridocyclitis
Active anti-inflammatory therapy using
corticosteroids, diathermocoagulation of ulcers, stimulation of ulcer scarring
Antibacterial therapy, local anesthetics, tamponing
the bottom of the ulcer with antibiotic ointment with the application of a monocular bandage
#FOR PURULAR KERATITIS THERE ARE THE MOST EFFECTIVE OF ANTIBACTERIALS
DRUGS
Instillations Sol. Sulfacyli-natrii 30%
Laying Ung. Laevomycetini 5%
Subconjunctival injections of Sol. Gentamycini
#CLINICAL FORMS OF SUPERFICIAL HERPETIC KERATITIS ARE
Keratoconjunctivitis, punctate and discoid keratitis
Keratouveitis, epithelial and metaherpetic keratitis
Bubble-like (point-like) and tree-like keratitis
#DEEP HERPETIC KERATITIS INCLUDED
Subepithelial punctate keratitis, discoid keratitis
Metaherpetic keratitis, discoid keratitis, keratouveitis
Subepithelial keratitis, dendritic keratitis, keratouveitis
#PECULIARITIES OF THE CLINICAL COURSE OF HERPETIC KERATITIS
Occurs against the background of a cold, the severity of the corneal
syndrome is associated with corneal hyperesthesia, torpid course,
intense scarring
Often occurs after acute respiratory viral infection, a sharp decrease in
corneal sensitivity, slow course, tendency to relapse
Occurs in immunosuppressive conditions of the body,
characterized by significant vascularization, the course is rapid with
resulting in the formation of a rough scar
#WHEN TREATING HERPETIC KERATITIS, INSTILLATIONS ARE PRESCRIBED
Sol. Sulfacyli-natrii 30%
Sol. Gentamycini 0.3%, Sol. Penicillini 1%
Sol. Interferoni leicocytaris, Sol.Dezoxyribonucleazae, Sol.IDU
Sol. Dexametazoni 0.1%, Sol. Hydrocortizoni 0.5%
#WHEN TREATING HERPETIC KERATITIS, THE FOLLOWING OINTMENTS ARE PRESCRIBED
DRUGS
Ung. Solcoserili (Actovegini) 20%
Ung. Hydrocortizoni 0.5%, Ung. Prednizoloni 1%
Ung. Laevomycetini 5%, Ung. Gentamycini 1%
Ung. Bonaphtoni 0.05%, Ung. Tebrofeni 0.1%, Ung Florenali 0.1%,
#WHEN TREATING HERPETIC KERATITIS THE FOLLOWING IS PRESCRIBED
SUBCONJUNCTIVAL INJECTIONS
Sol. Gamma-globulini, Sol. Reaferoni, Sol. Poludani
Sol. Clopharani, Sol. Gentamycini, Sol. Ceporini
Sol. Dexazoni, Sol. Hydrocortisoni
Sol. ATP, Sol.Lidazae, Sol. Riboflavini
#THE CAUSE OF TUBERCULOUS-ALLERGIC KERATITIS IS
Hematogenous penetration of Koch's bacillus
Local manifestation of sensitization of the body
Toxic effects of mycobacterial decay products
#TUBERCULOUS-ALLERGIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS COMMONLY OCCURS
IN. . . . . AGE
#CORNEAAL SYNDROME IN TUBERCULOUS-ALLERGIC KERATITIS IS STRONG
Absent
Very much
#APPEARING NEAR THE LIMBUS IN TUBERCULOUS-ALLERGIC KERATITIS
SEMI-TRANSPARENT, ROUND, GRAY “KNODES” GOT A NAME
Infiltrate
Flyktena
#COURSE OF TUBERCULOUS-ALLERGIC KERATITIS
Acute, recurrent
Subacute, wavy
Chronic, prolonged
#PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF FLICTENULOUS KERATITIS
Antibiotics of the streptomycin and tetracycline series
Enzymatic preparations
Corticosteroids
#IN TUBERCULOSIS, INFECTION PENETRATS INTO THE CORNEA
From the external environment
From the conjunctiva
From the uveal tract
#TUBERCULOUS KERATITIS COMMONLY OCCURS
Unilateral
Bilateral
#SPECIFIC TUBERCULOSIS PROCESS STRIKES
Superficial layers of the cornea
Deep layers of the cornea
All layers of the cornea
#VASCULARIZATION IN TUBERCULOUS KERATITIS
Not typical
Superficial, tender
Deep
#OUTCOMES OF TUBERCULOUS KERATITIS
Favorable
Unfavorable
#DURING THE REMOTE REMISSION PERIOD OF RECURRENT TUBERCULOSIS
KERATITIS INDICATED
Revaccination
Course anti-inflammatory therapy
Keratoplasty
#TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOUS KERATITIS IS CONDUCTED
Ophthalmologist at the clinic
Family doctor
Ophthalmologist at a surgical clinic
Phthisio-ophthalmologist
#PARENCHYMATOUS (INTERSTITIAL) SYPHILITIC KERATITIS COMMONLY
OCCURS AT..... AGE
#PARENCHYMATOUS KERATITIS IS A MANIFESTATION OF..... SYPHILIS
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Congenital
#DURING SYPHILITIC PARENCYMATOUS KERATITIS THERE ARE STAGES
Alterations, infiltration, vascularization
Infiltration, vascularization, resorption
Infiltration, ulceration, scarring
Infiltration, vascularization, proliferation
#EACH STAGE OF PARENCYMATOUS KERATITIS LASTS ABOUT
4-6 weeks
4-6 months
#IN SYPHILITIC PARENCYMATOUS KERATITIS CORNEAL SYNDROME
Absent
Poorly expressed
Very strongly expressed
#CLINIC OF SYPHILITIC PARENCYMATOUS KERATITIS IS CHARACTERIZED
Local infiltration in the superficial layers of the cornea
Local infiltration in the deep layers of the cornea
Diffuse infiltration in the superficial layers of the cornea
Diffuse infiltration in the deep layers of the cornea
#IN SYPHILITIC PARENCYMATOUS KERATITIS IS NOTED
Only superficial vascularization
Deep vascularization of the cornea
No vascular ingrowth observed
#OUTCOME OF PARENCYMATOUS KERATITIS WITH ADEQUATE TREATMENT
Favorable
Adverse
Doubtful
#LIMITED CORNEAL CLOSURE, BARELY VISIBLE IN SIDE LIGHTING,
WHICH DOES NOT USUALLY PRODUCE A REDUCTION IN VISUAL ACUITY, HAS BEEN NAMED
Infiltrate
Spot (macula)
Cloud (nubecula)
Belmo (leucoma)
#PERSISTENT LIMITED HAPPINESS, VISIBLE WITH THE NAKED EYE,
GOT A NAME
Macula
Belmo (leucoma)
#PERSISTENT, OFTEN VASCULAR PACIFICATION, LIGHT GRAY OR WHITE,
OCCUPYING THE MOST PART OF THE CORNEA, ACCOMPANIED BY SIGNIFICANT
REDUCED OBJECT VISION IS CALLED
Vascularization
Belmom (leucoma)
Macula
#CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF DEVELOPING CORNEAL OPACITIES IS
IN DESTINATION
Enzymes
Tissue biostimulants
Vitamin therapy
Immunomodulators
#THE LEADING SURGICAL METHOD FOR TREATING PLAINS IS
Refractive keratotomy
Laser coagulation
Layer keratoplasty
Fistulizing keratectomy
#IN IRIDOCYCLITIS
The pupil is gray, there is no fundus reflex, IOP is normal
Pericorneal injection, precipitates on the posterior surface of the cornea,
pupil is narrow, IOP is normal
The eye is calm, the pupil is black, there is atrophy and excavation in the fundus
optic nerve, IOP increased
Congestive injection of the eyeball, the anterior chamber is small, the pupil
wide, IOP high
The pupil is gray; when examined in transmitted light, dark pupils are visible.
stripes in the form of “spokes in a wheel”, IOP is normal
#TYPICAL COMPLAINTS IN ACUTE IRIDOCYCLITIS ARE
Photophobia, aching pain when looking at a light source, feeling
swelling in the eye, fog before the vision
Watery eyes, burning sensation and “litteriness” behind the eyelids, “sticking together”
eyelid in the morning, a light veil before the gaze
Photophobia, lacrimation, blepharospasm, foreign body sensation behind
upper eyelid, decreased visual acuity
Aching, throbbing pain in the eye, a “veil” before the eye, iridescent
circles when looking at a light source
#VASCULAR CONSISTS OF..... PARTS
# LOCATED IN THE IRIS
Dilatator and Müller's muscle
Muscles of Müller and Brücke
Brucke muscle and accommodative muscle
Accommodative muscle and sphincter
Sphincter and dilator
#THE IRIS HAS..... MUSCLES
#FIBERS INNERVATING THE PUPIL SPHINCTER ARE PART OF
N. Oculomotorius
#INNERVATION OF THE PUPIL SPHINCTER IS PROVIDED
Parasympathetic nerve
Sympathetic nerve
Somatic nerve
#INNERVATION OF THE PUPIL DILATOR IS CARRIED OUT
Parasympathetic nerve
Sympathetic nerve
Somatic nerve
#FIBERS INNERVATING THE ACCOMMODATIVE MUSCLE ARE PART OF....NERVE
Oculomotor
Discharger
Block-shaped
Facial
Trigeminal
#SENSITIVE IRISH INNERVATION IS CARRIED OUT BY... A NERVE
Oculomotor
Leading
Block-shaped
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Trigeminal (first branch)
Trigeminal (second branch)
There are no sensory nerves
#SENSITIVE INNERVATION OF THE CILIAR BODY IS CARRIED OUT..... BY THE NERVE
Oculomotor
Leading
Block-shaped
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Trigeminal (first branch)
Trigeminal (second branch)
There are no sensory nerves
#SENSITIVE INNERVATION OF THE CHORIOID IS CARRIED OUT...... BY THE NERVE
Oculomotor
Leading
Block-shaped
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Trigeminal (first branch)
Trigeminal (second branch)
There are no sensory nerves
#THE IRIS AND CILIARY BODY TAKE PART IN THE BLOOD SUPPLY
Anterior ciliary arteries, posterior short ciliary arteries
Anterior ciliary arteries, posterior long ciliary arteries
Anterior ciliary arteries, posterior long ciliary arteries,
branches of conjunctival vessels
#CILIARY BODY PERFORM TWO FUNCTIONS, SPECIFY
Production of intraocular fluid and the active component of accommodation
and disaccommodation
Active component of accommodation and disaccommodation and regulates
pupil size
Adjusts the size of the pupil and regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Regulates the amount of light entering the eye and provides
retinal nutrition
Provides nutrition to the retina and regulates light perception
Regulates light perception and provides color perception
Provides color perception and production of intraocular fluid
#THE COLOR OF THE INJECTION HAS A BLUE TINT; HIGHEST INTENSITY
INJECTIONS AROUND THE CORNEA AND WEAKEN TOWARDS THE PERIPHERAL, THERE IS A DIFFUSE
REDENESS AND INDIVIDUAL VESSELS ARE NOT VISIBLE. THIS INJECTION IS CALLED
Conjunctival
Pericorneal
Mixed
#MAIN SYMPTOMS IN IRITIS ARE, EXCEPT
Eye pain
Decreased visual acuity and narrowed field of vision
Pericorneal or mixed injection
Constriction of the pupil
Change in iris color
Blurred iris pattern
#OBJECTIVE SIGNS OF IRIDOCYCLITIS
Pericorneal injection
Changing the color and pattern of the iris
Constriction of the pupil
The appearance of exudate in the moisture of the anterior chamber
The appearance of precipitates
All listed
#MAIN SYMPTOMS FOR CENTRAL CHORIORETINITIS ARE, EXCEPT
Eye pain
Decreased vision
Photopsias
Metamorphopsia
#INFLAMMATION OF THE IRIS IS CALLED
Choroiditis
#INFLAMMATION OF THE CILIAL BODY IS CALLED
Choroiditis
Chorioretinitis
#INFLAMMATION OF THE VACUUM PROPERLY IS CALLED
Choroiditis
Iridocyclitis
#PRECIPITATES THIS
Pitty deposits on the posterior surface of the cornea
Adhesions of the iris to the anterior surface of the lens
Pus in the anterior chamber of the eye
Presence of blood in the anterior chamber
Pinpoint opacities on the anterior surface of the cornea
Deposition of exudate on the iris
#SYNECHIA THIS
Adhesions of the iris to the lens or cornea
Pitty deposits on the posterior surface of the cornea
Vitreous floaters
Inflammatory deposits on the anterior surface of the lens
#TREATMENT OF IRITIS AND IRIDOCYCLITIS SHOULD FIRST START WITH
Mydriatic eye drops
Determining the etiology of uveitis
Etiotropic treatment
Desensitization therapy
Analgesic uses
#BENEFITIVE EFFECT OF MYDRIATIICS IN IRIDOCYCLITIS EXPLAINED
Creating rest for the iris and ciliary body
Reducing hyperemia of the anterior segment of the vascular tract
Reducing exudation of inflamed tissue
Prevents the formation of synechiae, fusion and fusion of the pupil
All of the above
#MYDRIATS ARE MEDICINES
Pupil dilation
Pupil constrictors
Reducing intraocular pressure
#THE STRONGEST MYDRIATIC EFFECT WHEN INSTILLED INTO THE EYE
POSSESSES
Sol. Atropini sulfatis 1%
Sol. Homatropini hydrobromidi 1%
Sol. Mesatoni 1%
Sol. Platyphyllini hydrotartratis 1%
Sol. Ephedrini hydrochloridi 2-3%
#DILAXATION OF THE PUPILS DURING INSTILLATION OF ATROPINE OCCURS DUE TO
Pupillary sphincter paralysis
Excitation of the pupillary dilator
Inactivation of the enzyme cholinesterase
#THESE DRUGS DILADATE THE PUPIL, EXCEPT
Sol. Adrenalini hydrochloride 0.1%
Sol. Atropini sulfatis 1%
Sol. Dicaini 0.25%
Sol. Scopolamini hydrobromidi 0.25%
Sol. Mesatoni 1%
#THE FOLLOWING DRUGS ARE USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF IRIDOCYCLITIS, EXCEPT
Pilocarpine
Corticosteroids
Antibiotics
Sulfonamides
#CORTICOSTEROIDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF UVEITIS ARE USED IN THE FORM
Instillation into the conjunctival sac
Injections under the conjunctiva
Retro- and parabulbar injections
Introduction to the Suprachoroidal Space
Ingestion
Intravenous injection
All of the above
#THE ACTION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE TREATMENT OF UVEITIS IS
Nonspecific anti-inflammatory and desensitizing
Desensitizing and antimicrobial
Antimicrobial and trophic
#THE PATIENT HAS IRIDOCYCLITIS AND INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE IS INCREASED (32 MM Hg).
WHICH OF THE LISTED DRUGS WILL YOU PRESCRIBE, EXCEPT
Mydriatics in eye drops
Miotics in eye drops
Diacarb inside
Glycerol inside
#OF THE LISTED METHODS ARE USED FOR DIAGNOSIS OF TUMORS
VASCULAR TRACT
Biomicroscopy
Direct ophthalmoscopy
Reverse ophthalmoscopy
Binocular ophthalmoscopy
Gonioscopy, diaphanoscopy and fluorescein angiography
Diaphanoscopy and fluorescein angiography
Echoscopy and echometry
Fluorescein angiography
Radioisotope diagnostics
All listed
#THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THE ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR BORDER PLATES IS
Ensuring the sphericity of the cornea, a supporting membrane for the epithelium
Support membrane for epithelium, physicochemical and toxicochemical
eye protection
Physico-chemical protection of the eye, ensuring the sphericity of the cornea
#PROPRIUM SUBSTANCE (STROMA) OF THE CORNEA PROVIDES
Absorption of ultraviolet and infrared rays
Corneal transparency
Metabolism between intraocular and tear fluids
#THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THE POSTERIOR EPITHELIUM IS
Ensuring metabolic processes between the cornea and intraocular
liquid
liquid, eye protection from radiation damage
Ensuring metabolic processes between the cornea and intraocular
liquid, participation in the production of moisture in the anterior chamber
#THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE CORNEA ARE
Protective, supporting, light-conducting
Light-conducting, light-refracting, protective
Supporting, light-refracting: moisture-producing
#THE REFRACTIVE POWER OF THE CORNEA IS
18.0-20.0 diopters
1.5-2.0 diopters
60.0-62.0 diopters
40.0-42.0 diopters
28.0-30.0 diopters
#CORNEA DIAMETER IS NORMAL
Vertical - 10 mm, horizontal - 11 mm
Vertical - 14 mm, horizontal - 15 mm
Vertical - 19 mm, horizontal - 20 mm
#NUTRITION SOURCES OF THE CORNEA
Posterior long ciliary arteries, nasociliary artery, tear
Tear, capillary network of the limbus zone, intraocular fluid
Intraocular fluid, anterior ciliary arteries, episcleral
#PROPERTIES OF A NORMAL CORNEA
Shiny, cone-shaped, sensitive, has a certain size
Transparent, ellipsoidal, has a certain shape
Transparent, shiny, highly sensitive, spherical shape,
has a certain size
#IN PINGVECULA... TREATMENT IS CARRIED OUT
Anti-inflammatory
Surgical
Laser
No treatment required
All of the above
#IN PROGRESSIVE PTERIGIUM IT IS CARRIED OUT
Surgical removal
Anti-inflammatory therapy
No treatment required
#DRUGS ARE USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS, EXCEPT
Susp. Hydrocortisoni 0.5 - 1%
Ung. Hydrocortisoni ophthalmici 0.5%
Sol. Dexamethasoni 0.1%
1% prednisolone solution (eye drops)
Antihistamines by mouth
Sol. Atropini sulfatis 1%
#DRUGS ARE USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF ADENOVIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS, EXCEPT
Ung.Bonaphthoni 0.05%
Ung. Florenali 0.25%-0.5%
Ung.Tebropheni 0.25-0.5%
Ung.Zoviraxi 3%
Sol. Atropini sulfatis 1%
Sol. Interferoni leicocytaris
Poludanum solutions in eye drops
Pyrogenal in eye drops
#A CHILD, 11 YEARS OLD, COMPLAINTED OF A PAIN IN THROAT, HIGH
BODY TEMPERATURES, TOUCHING IN BOTH EYES AND GLUE EYELIDS IN THE MORNING.
SICK 1 DAY. OBJECTIVE: BODY TEMPERATURE 37.8(. MUCOSA
AND THE PHYNARS ARE SHARPLY HYPEREMICATED, THE CONJUNCTIVA OF THE EYELIDS IS HYPEREMIATED,
LOSENED. FOLLICLES IN THE CONJUNCTIVA OF THE EYELIDS ARE STRONGLY ENLARGEED, AS IN
IN QUANTITY AND IN SIZE. YOUR DIAGNOSIS
Adenoviral conjunctivitis
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis
Diphtheria conjunctiva
#PATIENT, 23 YEARS OLD, COMPLAINTED ABOUT CURRING AND FEELING OF FOREIGN
BODIES IN BOTH EYES, GLUE EYELIDS IN THE MORNING. SICK FOR 2 DAYS. AT FIRST
THE RIGHT EYE SICK, AND THEN THE LEFT. OBJECTIVE: THE EYELASHES ARE DRY -
SEW CRUSTS. CONJUNCTIVA OF THE EYELIDS IS HYPEREMIMATED, VELVETY, FIGURE
THE MEIBOMIAN CARTILAGE GLANDS ARE NOT VISIBLE. MODERATELY STRONG
CONJUNCTIVAL INJECTION OF THE SCLERA. DIAGNOSIS
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis
Adenoviral conjunctivitis
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Pneumococcal conjunctivitis
Diplobacilar blepharoconjunctivitis
#THE CHILD HAS SHARPLY SWELLED EYELIDS 2 DAYS AFTER BIRTH. OBJECTIVELY:
OPETAL SLITS ARE CLOSED. THE EYELIDS ARE SHARPLY SWELLY AND TOUGH TO THE TOUCH. AT
WHEN AN ATTEMPT TO OPEN THE EYELIDS, A COLOR LIQUID IS RELEASED FROM THE PALPECH SIT.
MEAT SWINGS. WHAT DISEASE SHOULD YOU THINK ABOUT FIRST?
Abscess of the eyelid
Gonoblenorrhea of the conjunctiva
Acute chlamydia of the conjunctiva
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis of unknown etiology
#A 5-YEAR-OLD CHILD HAS COMPLAINTS OF INCREASED TEMPERATURE, PAIN IN THROAT;
REDENESS AND DISCHARGE FROM THE RIGHT EYE. BODY TEMPERATURE 37.8.
THE CHILD IS FLAWLESS AND ADYNAMIC. Pharynx is hyperemic, tonsils are swollen and covered
DIRTY GRAY FILMS. OD: EYELIDS SWELLY. CONJUNCTIVA EYELID SHARPLY
HYPEREMIZED, LOOSENED AND VELVETY. IT HAS GRAY FILMS ON IT,
DIFFICULTY TO REMOVE WITH CONSEQUENTIAL BLEEDING. EYE DIAGNOSIS
Diphtheria conjunctiva
Acute epidemic Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis
Pneumococcal conjunctivitis
Adenopharyngoconjunctival fever
#DURING HISTOLOGICAL STUDY, THE CORNEA IS ALLOCATED
Anterior and posterior epithelium, intrinsic substance (stroma)
Anterior and posterior epithelium, anterior and posterior border plates,
Anterior and posterior pigment epithelium, anterior and posterior border epithelium
plates, stroma
#THE MAIN PROPERTIES OF THE ANTERIOR EPITHELIUM OF THE CORNEAL IS
Participation in the production of tear fluid
High regenerative capacity
Mechanical protection of underlying tissues
#VISUAL ACUITY IS
The ability of the eye to clearly distinguish colors and shades
The ability of the eye to clearly distinguish objects in the center and on the periphery
The ability of the eye to perceive separately points located at each other
from each other at a minimum distance
Space simultaneously perceived by the fixed eye
#NORMALLY THE MINIMUM ANGLE OF VIEW IS
1 second
1 degree
5 seconds
5 minutes
5 degrees
#VISUAL ACUITY IS MEASURED
Relative units
Diopters
Centimeters
Millimeters
Degrees
#WHEN VISUAL ANGLE INCREASES
Decreases
Increases
No interdependence
#INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN VISUAL ANGLE AND VISUAL ACUTUITY
Reverse
There is no dependence between them
#PRODUCES THE HIGHEST VISUAL ACUTUITY
Area of the central fovea of the macula
Yellow spot all over
Optic disc region
Visus is uniform in all areas of the retina
#OPTOTYPE THIS
Letter, number or other character used to identify Visus
Type of visual ability
Features of the structure of the optical system of the eye
The value characterizing the refractive power of the optical system
#THE SNELLEN FORMULA IS
#RESEARCH SUBJECT COUNTING FINGERS FROM A DISTANCE OF 2.5 M. HIS VISUAL ACUITY?
#THE SUBJECT IS READING THE FIRST LINE OF THE TABLE WITH 3 M. HIS VISUAL ACUITY?
#RESEARCH COUNTING FINGERS FROM A DISTANCE OF 50 CM. HIS VISUAL ACUITY?
#RESEARCHED READS THE LETTERS OF THE 10TH ROW (D=5 m) OF THE SIVTSEV TABLE FROM 1 METER.
HIS VISUAL ACUITY IS EQUAL
#RESEARCHER READS THE FIRST LINE OF SIVTSEV’S TABLE FROM 5 METERS.
HIS VISUAL ACUITY IS EQUAL
#RESEARCHER READS THE LINE OF SIVTSEV’S TABLE FROM 5 METERS, WHERE D=25 m.
HIS VISUAL ACUITY IS EQUAL
#VISUAL ACUITY STUDY ACCORDING TO TABLES IS CARRIED OUT WITH
#WHEN STUDYING VISUAL ACUITY, DEMONSTRATE EACH SIGN OF THE TABLE
TO DO. . . SECONDS
#THE COLOR IS DIFFERENT IN THE SPECTRUM OF WHITE. . . . COLORS
#THE VISUAL ANALYZER HAS..... COLOR SENSING COMPONENTS
#ACCORDING TO HELMHOLTZ'S THEORY OF COLOR SENSATION, THERE ARE THREE IN THE RETINA
COLOR SENSING RECEPTOR
Red, green, blue
Orange, green, blue
Yellow, red, green
Green, yellow, red
Blue, orange, green
Purple, orange, green
#ARE MONOCHROME PHOTORECEPTORS EXCITED BY THE RAYS OF ANOTHER
WAVELENGTHS
Yes, but to a lesser extent
#RECEPTORS THAT PERCEIVE COLORS ARE
Cones
Ganglion cells
Bipolar cells
Pigment epithelial cells
#CORRECT COLOR SENSATION IS CALLED
Normal trichromasia
Anomalous trichromasia
Dichromasia
Monochromacy
#COLOR VISUAL DISORDERS ARE
Anomalous trichromasia
Dichromasia
Monochromacy
Protanomaly
Deuteranomaly
Deuteranopia
Protanopia
Tritanopia
Tritanomaly
All of the above
#PROTANOPIA THIS
Complete loss of perception of red color
#DEUTERANOPIA IS
Abnormal perception of red color
Abnormal perception of green color
Abnormal blue perception
Complete loss of perception of green color
Complete loss of blue perception
#TRITANOPIA IS
Abnormal perception of red color
Abnormal perception of green color
Abnormal blue perception
Complete loss of perception of red color
Complete loss of perception of green color
Complete loss of blue perception
#CONGENATE DISORDERS OF COLOR SENSATION ARE
Anomalous trichromasia, color anomalies, dichromasia
Erythropsia, xanthopsia, chloropsia, cyanopsia
#ACQUIRED DISORDERS OF COLOR SENSATION ARE
Anomalous trichromasia, color anomalies, dichromasia
Color abnormalities, dichromasia, erythropsia
Dichromasia, anomalous trichromasia, cyanopsia
Erythropsia, xanthopsia, chloropsia, cyanopsia
#AFTER CATARACT EXTRACTION, A PATIENT HAS ALL OBJECTS IN THE OPERATED CASE
THE EYES APPEAR TO BE BLUE. YOUR DIAGNOSIS:
Protanopia
Deuteranopia
Tritanopia
Erythropsia
Xanthopsia
Chloropsia
Cyanopsia
#AFTER THE POISONING, THE PATIENT BEGAN TO SEE EVERYTHING IN YELLOW. YOUR DIAGNOSIS:
Xanthopsia
Erythropsia
Chloropsia
Cyanopsia
#FIELD OF VIEW IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE
Provides orientation in space
Gives a description of the functional ability of vision. analyzer
Disorders are an early symptom of many diseases
Contributes to topical diagnosis of brain lesions
All of the above
#BLINDSPOT IS
Projection in the field of view of the optic nerve head
Projection in the field of view of the macula
Limited scotoma in any part of the visual field
Visual field defects from retinal vessels
#FIX POINT IS LOCATED
In the yellow spot
In the central fovea of the macula
On the optic nerve head
#THE METHOD OF STUDYING THE VISUAL FIELD IS
Visometry
Anomaloscopy
Gonioscopy
Perimetry
Biomicroscopy
Ophthalmoscopy
Biometrics
#INDICATE TWO PHYSIOLOGICAL VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS
Blind spot and angioscotomas
Angioscotomas and scotomas on the periphery of the visual field
Scotomas in the periphery of the visual field and negative scotomas
Negative scotomas and concentric field narrowing
vision up to 20 degrees
Concentric narrowing of the field of view up to 20 degrees
#SCOTOMA, WHICH THE PATIENT HIMSELF FEELS, IS CALLED
Negative
Positive
Absolute
Relative
#DEVICES FOR STUDYING THE VISUAL FIELD ARE
Perimeters, campimeters
Kampimeters, gonioscopes
Perimeters, anomaloscopes
Kampimeters, ophthalmoscopes
Gonioscopes, adaptometers
#BLINDSPOT IS PHYSIOLOGICAL. . . . SCOTOMA
Absolute negative
Absolutely positive
Relative negative
Relative positive
#SCOTOMA THIS
Twilight vision disorder
Narrowing field of view
Focal visual field defect
#HEMIANOPSIA IS
Bilateral loss of half of the visual field
Loss of half the visual field in one eye
Lack of visual field in one eye
Marked bilateral narrowing of the visual field
#HEMIANOPSIA HAPPENS
Homonymous
Heteronymous
Quadrant
Bitemporal
Binasal
All listed
#IN BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPSIA IT IS AFFECTED
Optic nerve
External parts of the chiasm
Internal sections of the chiasm
Optic tract near the chiasm
Optic tract in the subcortical region
In the area of the calcarine groove
#WHEN DAMAGE TO THE CENTRAL PARTS OF THE CHIASMA IS DETERMINED
Bitemporal hemianopsia
Binasal hemianopsia
Right hemianopsia
Left-sided hemianopsia
#IF THE RIGHT OPTIC TRACT IS DEFECTED, IT IS DETERMINED
Left-sided hemianopsia
Right hemianopsia
Bitemporal hemianopsia
Binasal hemianopsia
Complete loss of visual field on the right
Complete loss of visual field on the left
#ADAPTATION TO LIGHT LASTS. . . MINUTES
#FULL ADAPTATION TO DARKNESS LASTS. . . MINUTES
#THE TWILIGHT VISION DISORDER IS CALLED
Hemeralopia
Protanopia
Deuteranopia
Tritanopia
Scotoma
Asthenopia
#ARE STICKS CAPABLE OF DISTINCTIONING COLORS
#THE HIGHEST LIGHT SENSITIVITY HAVE
Cones
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells
Pigment epithelial cells
#PHOTORECEPTORS ARE
Cones, rods
Cones, ganglion cells
Cones, pigment epithelial cells
Rods, ganglion cells
Rods, pigment epithelial cells
#DAYVISION IS ACTUAL
Cones
With chopsticks
#TWILIGHTVISION IS ACTUAL
Cones
With chopsticks
Retinal ganglion cells
Pigment epithelial cells
Bipolar cells of the retina
#SYMPTOMATIC HEMERALOPIA IS
Twilight vision disorder as a symptom of vitamin A deficiency
Twilight vision disorder as a symptom of cone damage
Congenital hemeralopia without fundus changes
Twilight vision disorder as a manifestation of eye disease
#FUNCTIONAL HEMERALOPIA DEVELOPES WITH
Organic lesions of the periphery of the retina and optic nerve
Congenital retinal pathology without fundus changes
Blunt eye trauma
Vitamin deficiency "A"
Vitamin deficiency "B"
Avitaminosis "C"
#CHARACTERISTIC FOR SYMPTOMATIC HEMERALOPIA
Other visual functions are not changed, the fundus is normal
Narrowing of the field of view, presence of changes in the fundus
#CHARACTERISTIC FOR FUNCTIONAL HEMERALOPIA
Other visual functions are not changed, the fundus is normal
The fundus is normal, the field of view is narrowed
Narrowing of the field of view, presence of changes in the fundus
Presence of changes in the fundus, other visual functions are normal
#PHYSICAL REFRACTION OF THE EYE IS DETERMINED
Refractive power of the lens
Refractive power of all optical media of the eye
Position of the main focus in relation to the retina
Refractive power of the cornea
#CLINICAL REFRACTION OF THE EYE DETERMINES
Refractive power of the lens
Refractive power of all optical media of the eye
The refractive power of all optical media of the eye and the position of the main
focus relative to the retina
Position of the main focus in relation to the retina
Refractive power of the cornea
#REFRACTIVE POWER OF THE CORNEA IS EQUAL. . . . DIOPTERIES
#THE REFRACTIVE POWER OF THE CRYSTAL IS EQUAL
#THE REFRACTIVE POWER OF THE EYE IS EQUAL
#IN RESTING ACCOMMODATION, THE MIOP SEES GOOD
Far and near
Neither far nor near
#IN REST OF ACCOMMODATION HYPERMETROP SEES GOOD
Far and near
Neither far nor near
#IN REST OF ACCOMMODATION THE EMMETROPE SEES WELL
Far and near
Neither far nor near
#IN EMMETROPIA IMAGE OF OBJECTS AT REST ACCOMMODATION
LOCATED
On the retina
Behind the retina
In front of the retina
#MYOPIC DISEASE IS MYOPIA
Weak degree
Moderate
High degree
Progressive
Any degree with dystrophic changes in the inner membranes of the eye
#MYOPIA IS CHARACTERIZED
Excessive refractive power or an increase in the anteroposterior axis of the eye
#EMMETROPIA IS CHARACTERIZED
Insufficient refractive power or decreased anteroposterior axis
Proportionality between refractive power and the length of the anteroposterior axis
A combination of different types of refraction
#HYPERMETROPIA IS CHARACTERIZED
Excessive refractive power or an increase in the anteroposterior axis of the eye
Insufficient refractive power or decreased anteroposterior axis
Proportionality between refractive power and the length of the anteroposterior axis
A combination of different types of refraction
#MYOPIA IS CORRECTED BY THE MOST. . . . . GLASS,
Strong positive
Weak negative
Strong negative
Weak positive
No correction required
#HYPERMETROPIA IS CORRECTED BY THE MOST. . . . . GLASS,
GIVING THE HIGHEST VISUAL ACUTUITY
Strong positive
Weak negative
Strong negative
Weak positive
No correction required
#EMMETROPIA IS CORRECTED. . . . . GLASS,
GIVING THE HIGHEST VISUAL ACUTUITY
The greatest positive
Least negative
The greatest negative
Least positive
No correction required
#LIST THE ELEMENTS THAT CONSTITUTE THE OPTICAL SYSTEM OF THE EYE
Cornea
Anterior chamber moisture
Lens
Vitreous body
All of the above
#WHEN THE FOCAL LENGTH OF THE LENS IS REDUCED, OPTICAL POWER
Doesn't change
Increases
Decreases
#WHEN INCREASE THE FOCAL LENS E" OPTICAL POWER
Doesn't change
Increases
Decreases
#OPTICAL POWER OF LENSES IS MEASURED IN
Centimeters
Millimeters
Dioptres
#DIOPTRIA IS
Unit of measurement of optical power.
Unit of measurement of visual acuity
#DIOPTRIA IS
The value is equal to the focal length.
The reciprocal of the focal length.
#THE FOCAL LENGTH OF A LENS WITH A POWER OF 1 DIOPTER IS EQUAL
#THE REFRACTIVE POWER OF A LENS WITH A FOCAL LENGTH OF 1 METER IS
#PHYSICAL REFRACTION OF THE EYE IS MEASURED IN
Dioptres
Relative units
#CLINICAL REFRACTION OF THE EYE IS MEASURED IN
Dioptres
Relative values
#IN DAILY ACTIVITIES, AN OPHTHALMOLOGIST DETERMINES. . . . REFRACTION
Clinical
Physical
#MAIN FOCUS COINCIDE WITH THE RETINA
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia
Ametropia
#MAIN FOCUS DOESN'T COINCIDE WITH THE RETINA IN
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia
Ametropia
#MAIN FOCUS IS LOCATED IN FRONT OF THE RETINA
Hypermetropia
Emmetropia
#THE MAIN FOCUS IS BEHIND THE RETINA
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia
Astigmatism
Presbyopia
#FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VIEW IS
The point furthest from the eye visible during resting accommodation
The point furthest from the eye that is visible when straining
accommodation
#FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VISION CHARACTERIZES.....REFRACTION
Physical
Clinical
#FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VISION IN EMMETROPIA IS LOCATED
At infinity
Behind the eye
#FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VISION IN MYOPIA IS LOCATED
At infinity
Behind the eye
At a finite distance in front of the eye
#FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VISION IN HYPERMETROPIA IS LOCATED
At infinity
At a finite distance in front of the eye
Behind the eye
#ASTIGMATISM IS
A combination of different degrees of refraction or its different types in both
A combination of different degrees of refraction or its different types in one eye
Different sizes of images of objects on the retina
High degree of ametropia
#MARK TYPES OF ASTIGMATISM:
Correct
Wrong
Back
Mixed
All listed
#MAIN MERIDIANS OF AN ASTIGMATIC EYE ARE
Planes where there is the greatest difference in refractive power
Planes with the smallest difference in refractive power
Sections drawn in the vertical and horizontal meridians
#CONCLUSIVE LENSES WORSE VISION FOR A PATIENT, AND DIVISIVE LENSES
DO NOT CHANGE IT. HIS REFRACTION -
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia
Astigmatism
#COLLECTIVE LENSES IMPROVE VISION FOR A PATIENT. HIS REFRACTION -
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia
Astigmatism
#THE PATIENT SEES EQUALLY GOOD WITH GLASSES (+)1.0 D, (+)1.5 D AND
(+)2.0 D. ITS REFRACTION -
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia
#THE PATIENT SEES EQUALLY GOOD WITH GLASSES (+)1.0 D, (+)1.5 D AND
(+)2.0 D. HIS HYPERMETROPIA IS EQUAL
1.0 diopter
1.5 dioptres
2.0 dioptres
#THE PATIENT SEES EQUALLY GOOD WITH GLASSES (-)1.0 D, (-)1.5 D AND
(-)2.0 D. ITS REFRACTION -
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia
#THE PATIENT SEES EQUALLY GOOD WITH GLASSES (-)1.0 D; (-)1.5 D AND
(-)2.0 D. HIS MYOPIA IS EQUAL
1.0 diopter
1.5 dioptres
2.0 dioptres
#WHEN DETERMINING REFRACTION, SEVERAL COLLECTIVE LENSES GIVE
THE SAME VISUAL ACUTUITY, THEN THE DEGREE OF REFRACTION IS DETERMINED.... THE LENS
The strongest
The weakest
#SEVERAL DIVING LENSES FOR A SUBJECT GIVE THE SAME ACUTENESS
VIEW. THE DEGREE OF REFRACTION DETERMINES. . . . LENS
The weakest
The strongest
#HYPERMETROPIA IS DETERMINED BY THE STRONGEST CONCENTRING LENS BECAUSE
Collective lenses magnify the fundus image
Small degrees of hyperopia are self-corrected by accommodation
#MYOPIA IS DETERMINED BY THE WEAKEST MINUS LENS BECAUSE
Hypercorrection of eye myopia is eliminated using accommodation
Diverging lenses reduce the image in the fundus
proportional to strength
#WHEN THE FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VISION IS 1 METER FROM THE EYE,
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia 1.0 diopter
Myopia 1.0 diopter
#THE TERM CYCLOPLEGIA IS UNDERSTANDED
Paralysis of the extraocular muscles
Paralysis of accommodation
Drug-induced mydriasis
Relaxation of accommodation
#CYCLOPLEGIA IS ACHIEVED BY BURNING
Adrenaline, clonidine, timolol
Pilocarpine, timolol, clonidine
Atropine, homatropine, scopolamine
#DURING ACCOMMODATION TENSION, EYE REFRACTION
Intensifying
Does not change
weakens
#PUPILE DURING ACCOMMODATION TENSION
Does not change
Tapers
Expanding
In some cases it narrows, and in others it expands
#THE ACTIVE COMPONENT OF ACCOMMODATION IS
Contraction of the ciliary muscle
Elastic properties of the lens
Change in the refractive index of the lens
Internal rectus muscle tension
#DURING CONTRACTION OF THE CILIAR MUSCLE, TENSION OF THE FIBERS OF THE LIGAMENT OF ZINN
Does not change
weakens
Intensifying
#CLENTUS UNDER ACCOMMODATION TENSION
Does not change
Flattens
Becomes more convex
Shifts downward, moving away from the cornea
#PRESBYOPIA IS RELATED TO
Age-related decrease in the elasticity of the lens and weakening
ciliary muscle
Age-related weakening of the ciliary muscle and a decrease in
lens refraction
Age-related decrease in the refractive index of the lens and
decrease in the discriminative ability of the retina
Age-related weakening of the discriminative ability of the retina and
decreased elasticity of the lens
#PRESBYOPIA USUALLY STARTS IN... . YEARS
#PRESBYOPIA APPEARS EARLIER WITH
Hypermetropia
Emmetropia
Doesn't matter
#IN PRESBYOPIA REFRACTION OF THE EYE
Does not change
weakens
Intensifying
#FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VISION IN PRESBYOPIA
Does not change
Approaching the eye
Moving away from the eye
#CLEAREST POINT OF CLEAR VISION IN PRESBYOPIA
Does not change
Approaching the eye
Moving away from the eye
#PARESIS (PARALYSIS) OF ACCOMMODATION OCCURS WHEN DEFEATED
Sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the ciliary body
Parasympathetic part of the oculomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Abducens nerve
#CLEAREST POINT OF CLEAR VISION IN PARALYSIS OR PARESIS OF ACCOMMODATION
Moves away from the eye
Approaching the eye
Does not change
#CLINICAL REFRACTION OF THE EYE WITH ACCOMMODATION SPASMA
Intensifying
Does not change
weakens
#DECREASE IN THE DEGREE OF HYPERMETROPIA OCCURS WITH
Presbyopia
Spasm of accommodation
#FALSE EMMETROPIA DEVELOPES WITH
Presbyopia
Paralysis or paresis of accommodation
Spasm of accommodation
#FALSE MYOPIA DEVELOPES WITH
Presbyopia
Paralysis or paresis of accommodation
Spasm of accommodation
#THE CAUSE OF ACCOMMODATIVE ASTHENOPIA IS
Uncorrected hypermetropia
Uncorrected astigmatism
General weakening of the body
Chronic intoxication
All of the above
None of the above
#ACCOMODATIVE ASTHENOPIA IS MANIFESTING
Spasm of accommodation
Paresis of accommodation
The transition of latent hypermetropia to obvious
The appearance of false myopia
The appearance of false emmetropia
All of the above
None of the above
#FALSE MYOPIA OR EMMETROPIA CAN BE DISTINCTED FROM TRUE MYOPIA
With the help of drug cycloplegia
Selection of corrective lenses
During dynamic observation
#DURING SPASMA OF ACCOMMODATION CYCLOPLEGIA.... CLINICAL REFRACTION
Doesn't change
Weakens
Strengthens
#IN FALSE EMMETROPIA CYCLOPLEGIA.... CLINICAL REFRACTION
Doesn't change
Weakens
Strengthens
#IN FALSE MYOPIA CYCLOPLEGIA.... CLINICAL REFRACTION
Doesn't change
Weakens
Strengthens
#IN ACCOMMODATIVE ASTHENOPIA, THE ANOMALY SHOULD BE CORRECTED
REFRACTION
After cycloplegia and prescribe glasses for constant wear
After cycloplegia and prescribe glasses for distance
Without cycloplegia and prescribe glasses for constant wear
Without cycloplegia and prescribe glasses for distance
#AMETROPIA IS RELATED
Emmetropia and myopia
Myopia and hypermetropia
Hypermetropia and emmetropia
#WEAK DEGREE AMETROPIA HAS THE FOLLOWING REFRACTION VALUES: BEFORE
2.75 D inclusive
3.0 D inclusive
#METERATE DEGREE AMETROPIA HAS THE FOLLOWING REFRACTION VALUES: FROM
2.75 to 5.75 D
3.25 to 6.0 D
3.5 to 6.25 D
#HIGH GRADE AMETROPIA HAS THE FOLLOWING REFRACTION VALUES: MORE
#WEAK HYPERMETROP AT A YOUNG AGE MAKES COMPLAINTS ABOUT
Decreased distance vision
Decreased near vision
Difficulty reading
Rapid eye fatigue
No complaints
#HYPERMETROP OF A WEAK DEGREE AFTER 40 YEARS MAKES COMPLAINTS ABOUT
Decreased distance vision
Decreased near vision
Difficulty reading
Eye fatigue when working at close range
All of the above
None of the above
#OBVIOUS HYPERMETROPIA IS
The degree of hypermetropia detected without relaxation of accommodation
Part of hypermetropia detected after medication
relaxation of accommodation
The sum of the degrees of hypermetropia identified before and after medication
paralysis of accommodation
#FULL HYPERMETROPIA IS
The degree of hypermetropia detected without relaxation of accommodation
The degree of hypermetropia determined after drug-induced paralysis
accommodation
#FULL HYPERMETROPIA IS REVEALED
In old age
After drug cycloplegia
For aphakia
With all of the above
#IN CHILDREN WITH MODERATE OR HIGH DEGREE HYPERMETROPIA
MAY DEVELOP
Binocular vision disorder
Formation of monocular vision
Concomitant strabismus
Amblyopia
Accommodative asthenopia
Chronic conjunctivitis
All of the above
None of the above
#A YOUNG HYPERMETROP OF A WEAK DEGREE SHOULD BE APPOINTED
Full correction for permanent wear
Full correction for near
Full distance correction
Glasses 1.0 diopter less than the degree of hyperopia
#INDICATIONS FOR PRESCRIBING GLASSES FOR HYPERMETROPIA
ANY DEGREE ARE
Asthenopic complaints
Decreased visual acuity in both eyes
Decreased visual acuity even in one eye
Children under 4 years of age with hypermetropia greater than 3.0 diopters, regardless of
All of the above
None of the above
#CHILDREN AGED 2-4 YEARS EVEN WITH HIGH VISUAL ACUTUITY IF THEY HAVE
HYPERMETROPIA IS REVEALED MORE THAN 3.0 DIOPTERS, GLASSES ARE PRESCRIBED FOR
Constant wearing; glass 1.0 diopter less degree
hypermetropia,
Constant wearing; glasses equal degrees of hypermetropia,
determined after cycloplegia
Near vision; glasses equal degrees of hypermetropia,
determined after cycloplegia
Near vision; glass is 1.0 diopter less than the degree of hypermetropia,
determined after cycloplegia
Not assigned
#CHILDREN WITH MODERATE DEGREE HYPERMETROPIA EVEN AT HIGH ACUCUNCY
VISUAL CORRECTION IS PRESCRIBED FOR
Prevention of amblyopia and binocular vision disorders
Accommodation training and amblyopia prevention
Normal development of the ciliary body and regulation of ophthalmotonus
Regulation of ophthalmotonus and prevention of amblyopia
#THE CAUSES OF MYOPIA ARE
Heredity
Primary weakness of accommodation
Visual overload
Imbalance of convergence and accommodation
Increased scleral extensibility
All of the above
None of the above
#IN NON-PROGRESSIVE MYOPIA
There is a decrease in distance vision
Well corrected with lenses
Requires only correction with glasses or contact lenses
Drug treatment is not indicated
Everything is correct
#IN PROGRESSIVE MYOPIA MAY BE OBSERVED
Exotropia
Muscular asthenopia
Dystrophy of the choroid and retina
Posterior staphyloma
Hemorrhages in the retina and vitreous body
Vitreous opacification
Complicated cataract
Retinal disinsertion
All of the above
None of the above
#HYPERCORRECTION OF MYOPIA IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS CAN BE AVOIDED
PURPOSE OF CORRECTION
After drug cycloplegia
1-2 D weaker
Based on objective methods for determining refraction
According to repeated studies
#FOR MODERATE AND HIGH DEGREES MYOPIA, THE FOLLOWING CORRECTION IS PRESCRIBED
1-3 diopters weaker than the degree of myopia, giving a fairly high
distance vision
Two pairs of glasses; full correction for distance, and for near
1-3 diopters weaker
Bifocal glasses (for distance, full correction, for near
1-3 diopters weaker)
All of the above
Gentle mode
Lifting weights is contraindicated
Jumping is prohibited
Limitations for visual overload
All of the above
#CHOOSE AN OPERATION THAT WILL HELP STOP THE PROGRESSION
Radial keratotomy
Keratomileusis
Strengthening the posterior segment of the sclera
Epikeratophakia
Implantation of a negative intraocular lens
In childhood
At 18 - 35 years old
Over 35 years old
Age does not matter
#ANISOMETROPIA IS
Different degrees of refraction in both eyes
Different sizes of images of objects in the fundus of both eyes
#WHAT IS ANISEIKONIA
Different degrees of refraction in both eyes
Different sizes of images of objects in the fundus of both eyes
Not the same refraction in different meridians of one eye
Change in refraction along one of the meridians of the eye
#ALLOWABLE LIMIT OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LENS POWER FOR spectacle correction
ANIZOMETROPIA FOR THE RIGHT AND LEFT EYES IS
#FOR ANIZOMETROPIA THEY ARE PRESCRIBED
Contact correction
Iseikonic glasses
Radial keratotomy
Glasses with a difference in optical power of both eyes of no more than 2.0 D
All of the above
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia
#WHEN EXAMINING THE LENS: (+)2.0; (+)2.5; (+)3.0 DIOPTER
THEY GIVE EQUALLY GOOD VISION. INDICATE THE DEGREE OF HYPERMETROPIA
THEY GIVE EQUALLY GOOD VISION. SPECIFY THE TYPE OF REFRACTION
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia
#WHEN EXAMINING THE LENS: (-)1.0; (-)1.5 AND (-)2.0 DIOPTER
THEY GIVE EQUALLY GOOD VISION. SPECIFY THE DEGREE OF MYOPIA
#EMMETROPE AT THE AGE OF 50 WILL GET GLASSES FOR WORK
Not needed
#EMMETROPEAN AGE 90 NEEDS GLASSES TO READ
#MIOP (-)2.0 DIOPTER AT THE AGE OF 50 YOU NEED GLASSES FOR READING
Not needed
#CYCLOPLEGIC DRUGS ARE NOT
Sol.Atropini sulfatis 1%
Sol.Pilocarpini hydrochloridi 1%
Sol.Homatropini hydrobromidi 1%
Sol.Scopolamini hydrobromidi 0.25%
DISTANCE. VISUS OU = 0.6 C CORR.(+)2.0 D=1.0. YOUR DIAGNOSIS
Mild hypermetropia, accommodative asthenopia, presbyopia
Mild hypermetropia, muscular asthenopia, presbyopia
Moderate hypermetropia, accommodative asthenopia, presbyopia
Moderate hypermetropia, muscular asthenopia, presbyopia
#ACCOUNTANT, 36 YEARS OLD, COMPLAINS OF HEADACHES THAT GENERATE TOWARDS THE END
WORKING DAY, VISUAL DETERIORATION WHEN READING AND WORKING AT CLOSES
DISTANCE. VISUS OU = 0.6 C CORR.(+)2.0 D=1.0. YOUR RECOMMENDATIONS
Glasses Sph (+)2.0 D, for constant wear.
Glasses Sph.(+)2.0 D, for work.
Points Sph. (+)1.0 D, for work.
#OUTER (FIBROUS) COVER OF THE EYE IS CALLED
Conjunctiva
Epithelium
#THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE SCLERA ARE
Supporting, providing tone, protecting the internal membranes
Providing eye shape, supporting turgor, protecting internal
structures, place of attachment of extraocular muscles
Place of attachment of the eye muscles and internal structures, providing
trophism of chorioretinal structures, protection of refractive media
#SCHLERA STRUCTURE
Epithelium, stroma, subscleral (brown) plate
Conjunctiva, episclera, Tenon's capsule, stroma, pigment epithelium
Episclera, substance proper, subscleral (brown) plate
#THE AVERAGE THICKNESS OF THE SCLERA IS
#THE GREATEST SCLERAL THICKNESS IS DETERMINED
In the area of the equator of the eyeball
In the region of the posterior pole of the eye
Uniform throughout
#TROPHYSATION OF THE SCLERA IS CARRIED OUT MAINLY FROM VESSELS
Choroids
Extrinsic muscles of the eye
Episclera
#SCLERITIS AND EPISCLERITIS APPEAR MORE FREQUENTLY WITH
Traumatic injuries, radiation burns, transition of inflammation
from surrounding tissues (orbital phlegmon, conjunctivitis, keratitis)
Fungal infection, local hormonal imbalance
Systemic diseases, allergic manifestations, viral
lesions, chronic specific infections of the body
#SCLERITIS AND EPISCLERITIS DIFFER IN
The method of penetration of the infectious agent
The nature of the inflammatory process
Depth of damage
#IN EPISCLERITIS THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS IS PRIMARILY INVOLVED
Superficial layers of the sclera
Deep (inner) layers of the sclera
The entire thickness of the sclera
#WITH EPISCLERITIS, PATIENTS COMPLAIN ABOUT
Severe pain in the eye, lacrimation and photophobia, decreased
visual acuity
Eye redness, mild soreness and photophobia
Redness of the eye, “burning” behind the eyelids, scanty mucopurulent
discharge
#OBJECTIVELY THE CLINIC OF EPISCLERITIS IS CHARACTERIZED
A clear inflammatory focus of bluish color with dense infiltration
conjunctiva around it with sharp pain on palpation of the entire
eyeball
A bright red with a purple tint, a fairly localized focus,
slightly protruding above the surface of the sclera with painful palpation
this zone
A diffuse diffuse infiltrate of gray-yellow color behind the upper eyelid with
overhanging the limbus area, scant purulent discharge from
conjunctival cavity
#VISUAL ACUITY IN EPISCLERITIS
Practically does not suffer
Slowly getting worse
Sharply and significantly reduced
#PREDICTION FOR VISUAL FUNCTIONS IN EPISCLERITIS
Favorable
Doubtful
Adverse
#SCLERITIS, UNLIKE EPISCLERITIS, ARE DIFFERENT
More “spread out” lesion of the sclera
Local damage to the sclera
Deep damage to the sclera
Diffuse damage to the entire sclera
#PAINESS WITH SCLERITIS
Absent
#IN SCLERITIS, THE INFILTRATIVE PROCESS EXTENDS TO
conjunctiva
Choroid
Retina and optic nerve
#SCLERITIS RESULTS IN INFILTRATIVE FOCI
Dissolve without a trace
Scarring with dark-colored thinning of the sclera
Rough scarring with yellow scleral thickening
Scarring with the formation of a bluish “ridge”
#COMPLEX THERAPY FOR SCLERITIS INCLUDES
Antibacterial agents, vasodilators, immunostimulants,
tissue biostimulants
Antibiotics, immunomodulators, proliferation stimulators
Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antihistamines
#CONJUNCTIVA IS DIVIDED INTO... PARTS
#THE FOLLOWING DIVISIONS OF THE CONJUNCTIVAL ARE DISTRIBUTED
Eyelids, transitional folds and eyeball
Eyelid, eyeball and cornea
Eyelid, crease and eyeball
Eyelid, lacrimal caruncle and eyeball
#FEATURES OF THE CONJUNCTIVAL EYELIDS ARE
Tight fusion with cartilaginous plate
Multilayer cylindrical epithelium
The epithelium contains a large number of goblet cells
Everything is correct
#FEATURES OF THE CONJUNCTIVAL TRANSITIONAL FOLDS ARE
Loose connection with underlying tissues
Some redundancy of the conjunctiva in the fornix
There are few goblet cells
Subepithelial tissue is rich in adenoid elements (follicles)
Contains a large number of accessory lacrimal glands
Everything is correct
#CHARACTERISTIC FOR THE CONJUNCTIVA OF THE EYEBALL, EXCEPT
Multilayer squamous epithelium
There is little adenoid tissue (only on the periphery)
Contains many lacrimal glands
#CONJUNCTIVA PERFORM THE FOLLOWING PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
Protective
Trophic
Moisturizing
Barrier
All listed
#FOR THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF THE CONJUNCTIVAL IS CHARACTERISTIC, EXCEPT
Increased lacrimation when exposed to debris and irritants
Increased blinking movements when hit by specks or irritants
Lubrication of the surface of the eyeball with conjunctival secretion
The density of the conjunctival tissue protects the eye from penetration
foreign bodies
#THE BASIS OF THE BARRIER FUNCTION OF THE CONJUNCTIVAL IS
The abundance of lymphoid elements in the submucosa of adenoid tissue
The secret of the conjunctival glands
Excessive tearing
Density and resistance of conjunctival tissue to toxic
substances
#TROPHIC FUNCTION OF THE CONJUNCTIVA IS PROVIDED
Tear and secretion of the conjunctival glands
Adenoid tissue of the submucosal layer
#IN RECENT DECADES THE FREQUENCY OF VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS DISEASES
COMPARED WITH BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Increased
Decreased
Remained unchanged
#CHARACTERISTIC FOR ADENOVIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
Nonpurulent follicular conjunctivitis
Presence of petechial hemorrhages in the conjunctiva of the sclera
Severe swelling of the lower transitional fold
The presence of dense gray films on the conjunctiva that are difficult to remove
The presence of delicate gray, easily removable films on the conjunctiva of the eyelids
The appearance of cracks and maceration in the corners of the eyelids
#ADENOVIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS APPEARS IN THE FOLLOWING FORMS
Catarrhal
Follicular
Membranous
All of the above
#CHARACTERAL FORM OF ADENOVIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS IS CHARACTERISTIC, EXCEPT
The cornea is not involved in the process
The presence of gray dense films on the conjunctiva of the eyelids
#FOR THE FOLLICULAR FORM OF ADENOVIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS IS CHARACTERISTIC,
Hyperemia of the conjunctiva of the eyelids and transitional folds
Small amount of mucopurulent discharge
Discharge purulent, copious
Rash of follicles on the conjunctiva of the cartilage and transitional folds of the eyelids
#CHARACTERISTIC FOR THE FILMY FORM OF ADENOVIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS, EXCEPT
Formation of delicate, easily removable films on the conjunctiva of the eyelids
Formation on the conjunctiva of the eyelids of rough, difficult to remove films with
subsequent bleeding
Moderately severe hyperemia of the conjunctiva of the eyelids and transitional folds
Small amount of mucopurulent discharge
#TRACHOMATOUS PROCESS IS USED TO BE DIVIDED INTO..... STAGES
#CONSEQUENCES OF TRACHOMA ARE
Entropion century
Symblepharon
Parenchymal xerosis
All of the above
#TRICHIASIS
Incorrect eyelash growth
#ENTROPION IS
Incorrect eyelash growth
Inversion of the eyelids, in which the eyelashes grow towards the eye
Fusion of the conjunctiva of the eyelids and the eyeball
Drying of the conjunctiva and cornea
#SYMBLEPHARON THIS
Incorrect eyelash growth
Inversion of the eyelids, in which the eyelashes grow towards the eye
Fusion of the conjunctiva of the eyelids and the eyeball
Drying of the conjunctiva and cornea
#PAIRENCYMATOUS XEROSIS IS
Incorrect eyelash growth
Inversion of the eyelids, in which the eyelashes grow towards the eye
