Law on donated blood and its components. Benefits and payments to donors and honorary donors

Current version of the law "On donation of blood and its components" in terms of granting benefits and payments to blood donors. You can also check out:

FEDERAL LAW ON DONORRY OF BLOOD AND ITS COMPONENTS

(as amended by Federal Law No. 150-FZ of June 4, 2014)

Article 22. Social support measures provided to a donor who donated blood and (or) its components free of charge

1. On the day of donating blood and (or) its components, a donor who donated blood and (or) its components free of charge is provided with free food at the expense of the organization engaged in procurement activities donated blood and its components. The diet of such a donor is established in accordance with paragraph 4 of Part 1 of Article 10 of this Federal Law by the executive authority of the subject Russian Federation in charge of the organization in question.

2. Replacing free meals with monetary compensation is not allowed, except for the cases established in accordance with Clause 6 of Part 2 of Article 9 of this Federal Law.

3. A donor who donated blood and (or) its components free of charge during the year in an amount equal to two maximum allowable doses of blood and (or) its components is given the right to priority purchase at the place of work or study of preferential vouchers for Spa treatment. Volume maximum allowable dose blood and (or) its components is determined by the doctor during a medical examination of the donor.

Article 23

1. Donors who donated blood and (or) its components (with the exception of blood plasma) forty or more times, or blood and (or) its components twenty-five or more times and blood plasma in the total amount of blood and (or) its components and blood plasma forty times, or blood and (or) its components less than twenty-five times and blood plasma in the total amount of blood and (or) its components and blood plasma sixty or more times, or blood plasma sixty or more times, are awarded with a badge " Honorary Donor Russia" in the manner prescribed by the Government of the Russian Federation, and are entitled to the following measures social support:

1) the provision of annual paid leave at a convenient time of the year for them in accordance with labor legislation;

2) extraordinary rendering medical care in medical organizations state system health or municipal system health care within the framework of the program of state guarantees for the provision of free medical care to citizens of the Russian Federation;

3) priority acquisition at the place of work or study of preferential vouchers for sanatorium treatment;

4) provision of annual cash payment.

2. Citizens of the Russian Federation, awarded with the badge "Honorary Donor of the USSR" and permanently residing on the territory of the Russian Federation, are entitled to social support measures defined for persons awarded with the badge "Honorary Donor of Russia".

3. The rules for accounting for donations in order to determine the possibility of awarding the badge "Honorary Donor of Russia" are approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development and implementation of public policy and legal regulation in the healthcare sector.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 317-FZ of November 25, 2013)

4. Donations, committed by a person for a fee, are not taken into account when determining the possibility of awarding the badge "Honorary Donor of Russia".

Article 24

The provisions of Part 1 of Article 24 (as amended by Federal Law No. 317-FZ of November 25, 2013) apply to legal relations that have arisen since January 20, 2013.

Taking into account the size of indexation, the following amounts of the annual cash payment to citizens awarded the badge "Honorary Donor of Russia" are established:

- from January 1, 2014 in the amount of 11,728.0 rubles, the indexation rate is 1.05 ( the federal law dated 02.12.2013 N 349-FZ);

- from January 1, 2013 in the amount of 11,138.0 rubles, the amount of indexation is 1.055 (Federal Law of 03.12.2012 N 216-FZ).

1. The annual cash payment to persons awarded the badge "Honorary Donor of Russia" is set at 10,557 rubles.

(as amended by Federal Law No. 317-FZ of November 25, 2013)

2. The annual cash payment is indexed once a year from January 1 of the current year based on the federal law on federal budget to the relevant fiscal year And planning period forecast level of inflation.

3. Financial support for expenses related to the implementation of the annual cash payment is an expense obligation of the Russian Federation.

Article 25

1. The Russian Federation transfers to the authorities state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the authority to make an annual cash payment to persons awarded the badge "Honorary Donor of Russia" (hereinafter referred to as the delegated authority).

2. Funds for the implementation of the transferred powers are provided in the form of subventions from the federal budget.

3. The procedure for exercising and accounting for the expenditures of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the exercise of the delegated powers shall be established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

4. The amount of funds provided in the federal budget in the form of subventions to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the implementation of the delegated authority is determined on the basis of a methodology approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, based on the following indicators:

1) the number of persons awarded the badge "Honorary Donor of Russia";

2) the amount of the annual cash payment established for persons awarded the badge "Honorary Donor of Russia".

5. The federal executive body responsible for the development of state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare:

1) adopts normative legal acts on the issues of exercising the delegated authority;

2) issues mandatory guidelines and instructive materials on the implementation of the transferred powers by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

3) establishes requirements for the content and forms of reporting, as well as the procedure for reporting on the exercise of the delegated authority;

4) in the event of non-execution or improper performance of the delegated authority, prepares and submits to the Government of the Russian Federation proposals for the withdrawal of the said authority from the relevant state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

6. The federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the field of health protection exercises control and supervision over the completeness and quality of the implementation by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the delegated powers with the right to send orders to eliminate the identified violations, as well as to bring to responsibility officials performing the duties of exercising the delegated authority.

7. The highest official of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation (head of the highest executive body of state power of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation):

1) organize activities for the implementation of the delegated authority in accordance with federal laws and other regulatory legal acts Russian Federation;

2) ensures the timely submission to the authorized federal executive body of a quarterly report on budget expenditures of the subject of the Russian Federation, the source financial support which is a subvention, in the form and in the manner established by the authorized federal executive body.

8. Control over the spending of subventions granted for the implementation of the delegated authority is carried out by the federal executive body exercising the functions of control and supervision in the financial and budgetary sphere, the federal executive body exercising control and supervision in the field of healthcare, and the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation.

9. State authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation shall have the right to empower local government bodies by the laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to make annual monetary payments to persons awarded the badge "Honorary Donor of Russia".

Donor blood transfusion has almost a century of history. Despite the fact that this procedure is quite familiar to many people, the process of donating blood is still surrounded by numerous myths. Today we set out to debunk the most common of them.

Source: depositphotos.com

Donating blood is bad for your health

The amount of blood circulating in the body of an adult is on average 4000 ml. It has been proven that the periodic loss of 12% of this volume not only does not negative influence on health, but also works as a kind of training that activates blood formation and stimulates resistance to stress.

The volume of a single donation of donated blood does not exceed 500 ml (of which about 40 ml is taken for the purpose of analysis). The body quickly compensates for blood loss without any negative consequences.

Donating blood is painful and tedious

Modern donor stations are equipped with everything necessary to make a person donating blood feel comfortable. Unpleasant sensations donor are reduced to instant pain at the time of insertion of the needle. The further procedure is absolutely painless.

Donating whole blood takes about a quarter of an hour. After its completion, the donor may experience slight fatigue, therefore, on the day of the procedure, it is not recommended to engage in heavy physical labor or go on a long trip. The donation of blood components (plasma, platelets or red blood cells) can take up to one and a half hours.

There is a risk of infection of the donor

Many believe that the donor is at risk of receiving one of dangerous infections blood-borne (for example, hepatitis C virus or HIV). At present, this is absolutely excluded: for blood sampling, only disposable instruments and devices are used, which are unpacked in the presence of the donor, and after the procedure they are immediately disposed of.

The need for donated blood is low

Blood transfusions are required for patients who undergo complicated surgical operations, women in labor with complicated childbirth, people with severe injuries or burns. Donated blood and its components are used in the treatment of leukemia and other oncological diseases. There are artificial substitutes for blood and plasma, but their use has a number of contraindications, as it sometimes leads to negative side effects.

To fully provide a health care system necessary quantity blood, 40-50 people out of 1000 should be donors. In some European countries, this ratio has been achieved, but in Russia this indicator while well below the norm.

According to statistics, every third person on our planet needs a blood or plasma transfusion at least once in their life. At the same time, blood of absolutely all groups is in demand, and not just rare ones, as is sometimes believed.

Anyone can become a donor

This is far from true. In Russia, you cannot become a donor:

• under the age of 18 or over 60;
• having a body weight of less than 50 kg;
• being infected with hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus or tuberculosis;
• having any blood disorders or blood diseases ( hematopoietic organs);
• suffering from cancer.

Temporary restrictions on blood donation apply:

• for pregnant women (blood will be taken no earlier than a year after childbirth);
• for nursing mothers (they can become donors three months after the end of lactation);
• for women during menstruation (blood donation is allowed at least a week before it starts or a week after it ends);
• for people who have had the flu or SARS less than a month ago;
• for patients who have undergone surgical dental intervention (at least ten days must pass);
• for people who less than a year ago were treated by acupuncture, or who made a tattoo (piercing) of any part of the body;
• for patients who have recently undergone vaccination (the time elapsed before blood donation depends on the type of vaccine and ranges from ten days to a year).

In addition, a withdrawal from donation can be obtained if the tests on the day of the procedure show the presence in the body inflammatory process or traces of alcohol, elevated body temperature, or if there are serious deviations from normal indicators blood pressure. Men can donate blood no more than five times a year, and women no more than four times a year.

Donating blood for a transfusion involves a responsible attitude. The donor must abstain from alcohol two days prior to the procedure. You should refrain from smoking for at least an hour before blood sampling. Three days before the procedure, you must stop taking medicines that reduce blood clotting (including aspirin and painkillers).

The donor must eat high-calorie foods before and after the procedure

A day before blood donation, you can not eat fatty, dairy, meat food, eggs, smoked meats, chocolate, bananas, canned food and fast food.

It is important that the future donor does not make mistakes that may adversely affect his health. It is better to donate blood in the morning. Before the procedure, you need to sleep well, have breakfast, preferring porridge or pastries and sweet tea. After donating blood, you should eat a balanced diet (if possible at least five times a day) and do not forget to drink more liquid to compensate for blood loss.

Donating blood causes weight gain

Donation itself (including regular donation) does not affect body weight in any way. There is a risk of getting fat in those people who, having misunderstood the recommendations for organizing nutrition, begin to use heavily high-calorie foods to donate blood and cannot stop in time.

Donation is bad for appearance

Some women are hesitant to donate blood, believing that this will adversely affect their complexion and skin elasticity. In fact, regular donation activates the work of hematopoietic organs, makes blood renew itself faster, and has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the immune, cardiovascular and digestive systems.

Donors, as a rule, do not have problems with the tone and complexion of the skin. They are cheerful, fit, active and positive.

Regular donation is addictive

In this case, we can talk about addiction only in the sense of increased resistance of the body to various stresses, diseases and negative impact external environment. So, regular blood donation teaches the body to quickly replenish blood loss, which can play a positive role in case of injury or illness, from which no one is immune.

Donation has been clinically proven to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies. Some men note that regular blood donation has a positive effect on potency.

For a successful blood transfusion, the donor and recipient must be of the same nationality.

The statement has nothing to do with reality. The compatibility of the donor and the recipient (the person receiving the blood transfusion) depends solely on the composition of the blood, that is, the presence or absence of certain proteins in it. For transfusion, blood group compatibility (AB0 system) and Rh factor matters. These indicators are distributed almost equally among different races and ethnic groups.

With a suitable protein composition Donor blood can be transfused to a recipient regardless of gender, age or nationality.

The law should regulate the organization of procurement, storage, transportation, security and clinical use donor blood and its components, health protection of blood donors and its components, recipients and protection of their rights.

What changed?

Previously, in Moscow, 650 rubles were paid for 100 ml of blood, 4,500 rubles for a complex transfusion - thrombocytopheresis, and 6,000 rubles for donating red blood cells.

Now in Russia, gratuitous blood donation is encouraged, that is, volunteers can only count on a free lunch, but not on monetary compensation. The list of benefits provided to donors has been reduced, but the annual allowances for Russia have been increased by 1.5 times - up to 9,959 rubles.

Also, the purpose of the new law is to create a unified database of donations. Despite the fact that free blood donation is a generally accepted world practice, the Ministry of Health told Interfax that the promotion of free blood donation does not mean the complete abolition of compensation, since the law leaves citizens the right to choose between donating blood free of charge or donating blood for a fee.

Donors will be able to "earn" directly only on complex transfusions. However, if earlier they paid 4-6 thousand rubles for them, now they will be much less.

The law has already entered into force, but how exactly it will be applied is not yet clear. For example, it is not known how the donor will be provided with a free lunch - in the form of dry rations or will they be fed on the spot? Cash compensation instead of free meals is not provided, but what kind of lunch volunteers can count on is not spelled out.

The enacted Federal Law “On donation of blood and its components” does not mention the right of donors to be released from work on and one more day of vacation.

Honorary donors of Russia - those people who donated blood and its components 40 times in their lives or donated plasma 60 times can count on the badge of the honorary donor of Russia, annual leave in convenient time according to Labor Code, receiving medical care out of turn in state institutions and the right to purchase vouchers to a sanatorium at the place of work or study. They also increased their annual allowance, which will be indexed from year to year according to the level of inflation.

Expert opinion

What will lead new law about donation?

Ekaterina Chistyakova, Director of the Gift of Life Foundation:

Of course, because of the new law and the abolition of monetary rewards, everyone who donates blood now will not stop doing so. After all, a large number of people donate blood for free, that is, for nothing. I can only talk about Moscow, I am not very familiar with the situation in the regions. So, in Moscow this transition is completely unprepared. And the point is not in the law, but in the leadership of the Moscow healthcare system, which has long known what is happening and what is going on, and of course, it was necessary to prepare in advance. And it turned out, as it happened now - the law came into force, and we do not know what to do. There is a feeling that our city is not ready for the transition to gratuitous donation.

On currently this law will definitely lead to corruption in this area. On the one hand, there is nothing terrible about looking for a donor on your own. It's normal to come and donate blood for your friend. Or . But the fact that the so-called "gray donation" - when relatives pay some people for them to go donate blood - this, of course, will happen. Because at present in Moscow there is a shortage of gratuitous donations and a very serious one. This is due to the fact that everything last years Moscow relied on paid donation. And if you write everywhere that we pay money for blood, and rather big money, it means that people who need money will come to you.

If, in advance, a couple of years, we prepare the ground that we are attracting gratuitous donors, that it is not painful, not scary, not dangerous, convenient and very good, then a contingent of gratuitous donors will form.

However, we have taken the first step. So it has what we have.

Bobrov Boris Yurievich, endovascular surgeon, candidate medical sciences, Medical Director of the European Clinic (NPC modern surgery and Oncology), Head of the Department of Endovascular Surgery of the Perinatal medical center, Leading Researcher, Center for X-Ray Surgery, Russian State Medical University named after A.I. N. I. Pirogova:

This law may lead to sharp decline the number of donors, and consequently, to a shortage of blood and its components. To be honest, we already felt it immediately after January 1, when many stations stopped selling blood to private clinics due to a shortage. At the same time, we have big problems with reference severe patients, with the implementation of complex surgical interventions. Now the situation has more or less stabilized, but there is still a lot of concern about the provision of blood components.

Galina Timofeevna Kholmogorova, Senior Researcher of the Center preventive medicine, Ph.D.:

Payments to donors had their disadvantages, if only because the homeless made money on this, and blood was taken from them carelessly, they did not check it, which could lead to infections. But this is one side of the coin. For donation, it is necessary that the people themselves be highly moral, very healthy, who will donate blood for free, realizing that they thereby give someone life. I myself lost three liters of blood during childbirth and I know that 12 people saved me. I then rewrote all the names and wrote a letter to the station with gratitude both for my life and for the fact that my child is not growing up as an orphan. Then these people saved me, and I understand that it was only thanks to these people that I survived.

Karlsson Julia, CEO Doctor Plastic clinics:

Of course, world experience suggests that donation should be free. But in Russia the situation is different, and gratuitous blood donation has not justified itself. Moscow alone needs more than 200 liters of donated blood every day. And more than 30% of the blood for transfusion in Moscow comes from other regions of Russia.

With the adoption of amendments to the law "On the donation of blood and its components", there is a risk of a shortage of blood supplies for patients who require transfusion.

Relationships between physicians, paid donors and patients can go into the shadows and out of the sight of legislators and oversight agencies altogether, which is fraught with speculation on the one hand and risk to the health of patients on the other hand.

And in this case, it is not the economy that should be at the forefront, but, above all, concern for the health of citizens and the preservation of their lives.

This article is for those who have decided to become a donor, but have doubts. Of course, blood donation is a noble and voluntary act. But can anyone become a donor?

• What should a person who decides to become a donor know about?
• Are there age restrictions?
• What diseases are absolute and relative contraindications to blood donation?
• What tests do you need to pass in order to become a blood donor?
• Is blood donation dangerous and are the doubts of people who decide to become a blood donor justified?

Discuss with a therapist Evgenia Anatolyevna Kuznetsova .

How to become a blood donor

There is blood donation, donation of plasma and blood components. Whole blood is now rarely used for transfusion due to a large number complications, mainly plasma and blood components. And if you have already decided to become a donor, then you should be not less than 18 years old and not more than 60 years old(Although upper bound age is not so strict, it depends more on the health of the donor). Your weight should be not less than 50 kilograms.

When the state of health meets the standards required for blood donation, those wishing to donate blood must come with a passport and a military ID (for men) to the blood transfusion station and undergo a questionnaire, as well as take blood tests: general, biochemical, hepatitis, RW, HIV infection, and be examined by a general practitioner. Not only a citizen of the Russian Federation can become a blood donor, but also foreign citizen who has lived in the territory of the Russian Federation for at least one year.

Where to donate blood

So, to become a blood donor, you need to contact the blood transfusion station in your city.

According to the law “On donation of blood and its components”, private medical organizations since 2013, they cannot take blood, or even prepare, store, or transport it. This law was adopted in order to tighten blood testing, its storage and transfusion, thereby protecting recipients from possible infection and complications associated with blood transfusion.

In order to donate blood, let's say, in Moscow, it is enough to enter in the search engine "Where can I donate blood in Moscow?" to display a list of blood transfusion stations in the city of Moscow.

According to the list, you can choose a blood transfusion station that is closer to you in terms of territorial location. On this example you can easily find a list of blood transfusion stations in your city.

Which blood types are more in demand?

Donation of any blood type and Rh factor is necessary, however, it should be noted that the most rare group blood is the fourth negative, because it is the hardest to find: only 7% of people on the planet have this blood type. The most common blood type is the first positive, but there is a law according to which only identical blood can be transfused from a donor to a recipient by group and Rh factor. However, since this is the most common blood type (45% of the world's population have the first positive group blood), then he needs it large quantity Human. Therefore, no matter what blood you have, do not hesitate - it is your blood that is needed.

How often can you donate blood

Men can donate blood no more than five times a year, women only four. There must be at least sixty days between two blood donations. Plasma can be donated more often - up to twice a month, but if you donated whole blood, then you can donate plasma only after a month.

As we have already said, in order to become a blood donor, you must pass blood tests:

• General
• Biochemical
• For hepatitis

Preparing to donate blood

Before donating blood for donation, it is necessary to refrain from fatty, spicy, excessively salty foods, drinking alcohol and smoking for three days. On the eve of the dinner should be light, in the morning before the procedure, it is advisable to drink sweet tea with bread.

Donation procedure

The procedure itself for the convenience of the donor takes place in the donor chair. With the help of sterile instruments, from 400 to 500 grams of blood is taken from the donor for 15 minutes, starting from 50 drops per minute. Part of the blood is sent for tests for infections, group and Rh factor. Plasma donation lasts about 30 minutes, platelets - 1.5 hours.

Immediately after blood sampling, you can not engage in physical labor, drive, drink alcohol.

Is donation safe?

Yes. Donating blood is absolutely safe. Sterile instruments are used to take blood, the feeling of weakness and dizziness during and after the procedure quickly disappears.

However, there are relative absolute contraindications for blood donation.

Absolute contraindications for blood donation

Absolute contraindications for blood donation are diseases such as:

• HIV AIDS,
• Viral hepatitis
• Tuberculosis
• Syphilis
• Infectious diseases
• Malignant tumors
• CNS diseases
• mental illness

Relative contraindications are temporary contraindications, they include certain diseases and conditions in which donation is temporarily contraindicated. Relative contraindications are:

• Operations, small surgical interventions(removal of a tooth)
• Pregnancy, lactation
• SARS, tonsillitis
• Menstruation
• Allergy in the acute stage
• And etc.

After blood donation

After donating blood, there is a decrease in the number of red blood cells and subsequently hemoglobin - the most frequent occurrence. If your body is prone to anemia, then you cannot become a donor.

Platelets can be donated no more than once every three months, because when donating platelets, sodium citrate is injected, it leaches calcium from the bones. Therefore, platelet donors need to use vitamins containing calcium.

After donation, there may be nausea, chills, weakness, dizziness, which soon disappear. It is these symptoms that most often scare potential donors and raise doubts that donation is safe for health. But if, according to the results of analyzes and examination by a general practitioner, there are no absolute and relative contraindications, then do not worry - donation is absolutely safe, and the symptoms of weakness and dizziness will soon disappear on their own. However, it must be remembered that after donating blood, you must sit for 15 minutes, as well as eat and exclude physical labor on this day.

Can I get money for donation?

Do not forget that the life you save has no price, but you should know that the donor has the right to refuse food in favor of a monetary reward. The legislation provides for 2017 for 450 grams of blood payment in the amount of 8 to 45% of the subsistence minimum, depending on the blood type and demand for it, monetary compensation for food in the amount of 5%, two days off with pay. There is also the title of "honorary donor" - in order to receive this title, one must donate whole blood at least forty times or plasma at least sixty times. However, donation money is not required. If you have been awarded this title, then by law you will receive an annual payment in the amount of 12,373 rubles (the amount for 2017).

Exist compulsory benefits :

• Free hot meals
• Two days off with pay
• Vouchers for sanatorium-and-spa treatment are provided to donors in the first place

Attitude Orthodox Church to blood donation

The Orthodox Church has a positive attitude towards blood donation.

If you decide to become a donor and are thinking about how to do it, or if you still have questions and doubts, then you can refer to the official sites about blood donation:

Myths about donation

There are myths about donation . The most common myth is that donation is harmful. This is a myth, because when donating blood, the body is forced to produce blood, thereby renewing blood cells, activates the immune system, the body begins to work in an enhanced mode, work is activated internal organs also "trains" in case of blood loss.

There is a widespread myth that a donor can become infected during blood sampling. This is also a myth, because only sterile instruments are used for blood sampling.

It is also important that donation concerns everyone.

More Donation Myths

So, we can conclude that in the absence of relative and absolute contraindications and satisfactory health, blood donation is absolutely safe and even beneficial for the body, because it leads to the renewal of blood cells. Donation reduces the risk of heart attack by several times, activates the red cell system bone marrow and boosts immunity. Donation helps to "unload" the liver and spleen, which has a beneficial effect on the body. According to some data, blood donation reduces the risk of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and coronary disease hearts.

It is worth parting with the fear of becoming a donor - it is honorable, safe and even good for health. Donate life - become a donor!

Therapist E.A. Kuznetsova

Significant blood loss is life-threatening, and in this case, an early transfusion is required. Then a blood donor comes to the rescue - a volunteer who gives part of his own to save another person. The word "donor" is translated from Latin - "to give". Transfusion is vital in a number of cases, such as:

• injuries, surgical interventions, difficult childbirth, severe burns, etc.;
• anemia;
• long-lasting severe bleeding;
• purulent-septic diseases;
• acute intoxications;
• severe toxicity.

Donation law

To organize donation and regulate issues of blood collection, transportation, storage and its safe use, the law “On donors of blood and its components” was issued. This document defines who can become a blood donor, what requirements are imposed on him, obligations are imposed and rights are granted. The law provides for the protection of health and protection of the rights of both the recipient and the person who donates blood.

In 2013, a new law came into force. Changes were made to abolish paid donation, improve the quality of blood and blood products, and create a unified database. Under the new law, some benefits for blood donors have been abolished. From now on, blood is donated only on a gratuitous basis. Only free meals are provided, but no monetary compensation. Now they pay for blood only in cases of complex transfusions. An honorary donor (who has donated blood at least 40 times or plasma at least 60 times) now receives an annual payment of 1.5 times more.

Who can donate blood?

A citizen of the Russian Federation who has reached the age of 18, is suitable for health reasons and has a weight of at least 50 kilograms can become a blood donor. If earlier only a citizen of Russia could donate blood, then under the new law, a foreigner who has legally lived in the territory of the Russian Federation for at least 1 year can do this.

How to become?

How to become a blood donor? You need to come with a passport and a military ID (for men) to the transfusion station and register. To do this, you need to fill out a questionnaire, honestly answering all the questions, and go through medical examination, which includes a blood test (general, biochemical, hepatitis, RW, HIV infection) and an examination by a general practitioner. During the initial treatment, you can donate blood only the next day after the physical examination and laboratory tests.

Delivery rules

Often don't donate blood. Men can do this no more than 5 times a year. For women, there are slightly different requirements - a maximum of four times a year. In both cases, the interval between whole blood donations is at least 60 days. Plasma can be donated twice a month, but only a month after donating whole plasma.

Donors donate whole blood or blood components. Plasma is often required, and transfusion of donor platelets, erythrocytes, rare cases– leukocytes

Who can't be a donor?

Exist absolute contraindications for donation and temporary. In the first case we are talking about people who will never be able to donate blood for transfusion due to past illnesses, no matter how much time has passed after recovery. These include people who suffer from or have had the following illnesses:

• AIDS, HIV-carriage, as well as being at risk (drug addicts, prostitutes, homosexuals);
• viral hepatitis;
• tuberculosis;
• syphilis;
• typhus;
• brucellosis;
• leishmaniasis;
• toxoplasmosis;
• tularemia;
• leprosy;
• blood diseases;
• malignant tumors;
• organic diseases of the central nervous system;
• mental illnesses;
• complete absence of speech and hearing;
• drug addiction, alcoholism;
• ischemia of the heart, atherosclerosis, hypertension of 2 and 3 degrees, heart defects, myocarditis, endocarditis;
• thrombophlebitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• enphysema of the lungs, obstructive bronchitis;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• chronic liver diseases;
• Achilles gastritis;
• stomach ulcer;
• systemic connective tissue diseases;
• complete blindness;
• endocrine diseases with severe metabolic disorders;
• inflammatory and infectious skin diseases;
• high degree of myopia;
• severe acute and chronic ENT diseases;
• radiation sickness;
• osteomyelitis;
• psoriasis, eczema, sycosis, erythroderma;
• fungal infections of the skin and internal organs;
• operations for transplantation and resection of organs.

Temporary restrictions:

• operations, abortions;
• business trips for more than two months;
• acupuncture treatment, tattooing;
• stay in countries with a tropical and subtropical climate for at least three months;
• ARVI, tonsillitis, influenza, others infectious diseases, which are not provided in the section of absolute contraindications;
• extraction of teeth;
• vegetovascular dystonia;
• inflammatory diseases of any localization (chronic or acute) in the acute stage;
• menstruation;
• pregnancy and lactation;
• allergies in exacerbation;
• vaccinations;
• treatment with antibiotics, analgesics, salicylates;
• alcohol intake;
• changes in the composition of the blood.

A temporary ban on donation can range from 10 days to several months and a year, depending on the reason.

Preparation for the procedure

1. Within three days before delivery, a diet must be observed. Can't eat fatty foods and take alcohol.
2. It is not recommended to come to the transfusion center in the morning after the night shift.
3. On the eve of the procedure, you should have a light dinner, on the day of delivery, only sweet tea and bread are allowed.
4. Immediately after blood sampling, you can not drink alcohol, engage in physical labor, drive transport.

How is the procedure?

The procedure is performed in the donor chair. Only disposable sterile instruments to be destroyed are used. 450 grams of material is taken from the donor, some of which is sent for analysis. Blood is checked for contraindications, group and Rh factor. Then a small amount is administered to the recipient and his condition is monitored. If he feels normal, start a transfusion at a rate of about 50 drops per minute. The procedure for donating whole blood takes about 15 minutes, plasma - about 30 minutes, platelets - about 1.5 hours.

Blood sampling is carried out in conditions comfortable for the donor using only disposable sterile instruments.

After the procedure, you need to rest for about 15 minutes and drink sweet tea or juice. In case of dizziness, you should consult a doctor. About an hour you can not smoke, during the day you should not engage in physical labor.

Privileges

The donor is released from work (serviceman) on the day of the procedure and the next day, while maintaining the average salary.

On the day of donation, the donor is provided with free meals.

For those who donated blood during the year in the amount of two maximum doses Additional benefits are provided:

• temporary disability allowance in the amount of full earnings throughout the year, regardless of illness and length of service;
• preferential vouchers to a sanatorium provided at the place of study or work;
• providing free iron-containing preparations and vitamins for the prevention of anemia;
• students - 25% supplement to scholarships from the local budget for six months.

The following benefits are provided for honorary donors:

1. Free dental prosthetics in state medical institutions (except for precious metals, cermets, porcelain).
2. 50% discount on medicines, according to the list approved by the government.
3. Free travel in public transport (except taxis).
4. 50% discount on utility bills.
5. Annual paid leave at a convenient time for the donor.
6. Priority security preferential vouchers to a sanatorium.
7. Preferential loans for housing construction.

Is donation harmful?

Not everyone decides to donate blood, because they do not know whether donation is harmful or not. There are a lot of rumors and different opinions around this topic.

Doctors say that being a donor is not harmful and not dangerous:

• Only blood can be donated healthy people who have passed the examination, and the delivery of 450 grams is not a threat to health.
• Instruments are used only disposable, they are opened in front of the donor.
• Regular blood donation has a positive effect on the state of health, and a person quickly gets used to its restoration and easily tolerates its loss. After two weeks, its volume is completely restored.
• All donor rights are protected by law.

Conclusion

Donation is a necessary and noble cause. When blood is required for a transfusion, it is often a matter of life and death. Thanks to volunteers who are now not paid, many will be saved, not only strangers, but, perhaps, the closest people.