How to know if you have cystitis. What is cystitis

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Cystitis how to identify

Diagnosis of cystitis, how to recognize the disease

In most cases, diagnosing cystitis is quite simple, which is associated with a typical and pronounced clinical picture in the case of acute illness. Difficulties often arise when chronic cystitis, as well as in initial stage process.
Diagnosis of cystitis includes the following points:

• Collection of anamnesis (medical history);
• Identification of symptoms of the disease;
• Conducting laboratory research;
• Instrumental methods of diagnostics.

History and clinical picture

main manifestation acute cystitis is its sudden onset and rapid increase in symptoms already in the very first days of the disease. The patient is concerned about very frequent and painful urination, pain, cramps, burning during the passage of urine through the urinary tract, especially at the end of the act, pain in the lower abdomen. There are imperative urges that manifest themselves as the inability to hold urine and "run" to the toilet. It is possible to change the color of urine and the disappearance of transparency, which is associated with the admixture of blood and pus in it.

General state and well-being in acute cystitis rarely suffers, which is associated with frequent emptying of the bladder, and, accordingly, the removal of toxins from the human body. Body temperature rarely rises, but if it occurs and chills occur, consideration should be given to involvement in pathological process kidneys and the development of pyelonephritis.

Laboratory research

• General analysis blood. Usually, there are no changes in the general blood test. Only a mild inflammatory reaction may occur.
• General urine analysis. This study is an important aspect in the diagnosis of diseases of all organs. genitourinary system including cystitis. The urine of patients suffering from inflammation of the bladder often loses its transparency and becomes cloudy, due to the presence of leukocytes, pus, bacteria, epithelial cells from the bladder or urethra, red blood cells. In addition, salts can change its appearance. uric acid and protein. In some cases, urine acquires a fetid odor, which indicates a far advanced case of the disease. With cystitis in the urine are found:
  • Leukocyturia (an increase in the number of white blood cells);
  • Hematuria (presence of erythrocytes or red blood cells in the urine).
• Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko.

If a pathology is detected in the general analysis of urine, the doctor will definitely prescribe a study of the middle portion of urine. This type of diagnosis will allow you to more accurately determine the condition of the organs of the genitourinary system.

The study consists in determining the content of elements contained in one milliliter of urine from an average portion. The calculation is carried out in the laboratory in a special counting chamber. Normally, 1 ml of urine should contain no more than 1000 erythrocytes, 2000 leukocytes and 20 cylinders. In the case of acute cystitis, the number of the above indicators increases significantly.

However, very often the reliability of the results is affected by incorrect sampling of the material and non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene by the patient. Therefore, in order for tests for cystitis to help the attending physician accurately confirm or exclude the diagnosis of this disease, certain rules should be followed.

Urine collection rules for women:

• Immediately before the urine collection procedure, it is necessary to prepare and put in front of you about 6 - 10 cotton balls or swabs, a container with a warm solution with the addition of soap, a container with boiled water, as well as a container (a jar, pre-boiled), the lid of which can be removed with one hand, to collect the material;
• Wash your hands thoroughly with soap;
• Sit comfortably on the toilet with your knees as wide apart as possible;
• Spread the labia with the fingers of one hand and hold them in this position during the entire washing procedure;
• Wash the external genital area using 4 cotton balls successively dipped in warm soapy water. The movements should be directed in the direction from the pubis to the anus, and after the cotton ball comes into contact with the anus, it should be thrown away. During washing, you should try to penetrate into all skin folds;
• Rinse the soapy area with warm boiled water using the remaining 2 balls. The directions of movement are similar;
• Remove the lid from the container with one hand, take it in your free hand, being careful not to touch the edges;
• Release not a large number of urine into the toilet while continuing to keep the labia in a diluted state, and then substitute a container under the jet and fill it (approximately 50 ml);
• Close the liquid container well and immediately transfer it to the laboratory for examination. If it is not possible to deliver the material within half an hour, the container should be placed in a refrigerator and stored at a temperature of 4 degrees for no more than 24 hours from the moment of collection.

Rules for urine sampling for men:

• Wash your hands using toilet soap;
• One hand must be pulled back foreskin(in the event that it is not circumcised), after which a small amount of urine should be released and the process of urination should be suspended;
• Continuing to hold the foreskin in this state, bring the container to the external opening of the urethra and fill it to the indicated level, trying not to touch the container with the head;
• Close the container tightly with a lid and immediately transfer it to the diagnostic laboratory. If prompt delivery is not possible, urine can be stored at a temperature of 4 degrees (in the refrigerator), but not more than a day.

In the case of collecting analysis in the shower room, the rules remain the same. Women need to wash the genitals in the indicated direction (from the pubis to the anus) and be sure to fix the labia. It is advisable, especially during menstrual bleeding, to cover the entrance to the vagina with a cotton swab to avoid getting red blood cells and protein from the genital organs into the urine.

In addition, the diagnosis of cystitis is possible using modern express methods, such as:

• Express test using an indicator strip that determines the presence of nitrites in the urine, which are formed in the urine under the influence of pathogenic flora;
• Express test (strips) to detect the content of proteins, leukocytes and protein in the urine;
• Leukocyte esterase reaction. This method is based on the determination in the urine of a special esterase enzyme, which accumulates in it if there is pyuria (presence of pus in the urine);

After carrying out simple laboratory tests for cystitis, it is necessary to carry out a urine culture, that is, to conduct a cultural study. It consists in studying the pathogenic microflora that caused the disease, as well as in determining the sensitivity of microbes to antibacterial drugs.

Instrumental research methods

The most common instrumental method diagnosis of cystitis is to conduct cystoscopy, which consists in visualizing all parts of the urethra (urethra and bladder) using a cystoscope. However, in the case of an acute process, the introduction of instruments (optics) into the bladder is contraindicated, since the study is extremely painful, traumatic and contributes to the spread infectious process in the organs of the genitourinary system.

Carrying out this procedure is allowed only in case of chronic cystitis, the presence of a foreign body in the bladder, as well as with a protracted course of the disease (more than 10 - 12 days).

In addition to the above procedures and tests for cystitis, women should visit a gynecologist, if necessary, diagnose STIs (sexually transmitted infections), conduct ultrasonography, uroflowmetry, biopsy and other diagnostic methods according to indications.

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pro-cystit.com

How to diagnose cystitis

Inflammation of the mucous, submucosal, or muscle layers Bladder infectious etiology called cystitis. This urological disease one of the most common and its signs are observed by specialists at least once in a lifetime in more than half of the female population. For men, the symptoms of cystitis go almost unnoticed, and the lives of women can turn into real torment, and this, unfortunately, is not uncommon.

The appearance of pain in the lower abdomen - primary manifestation cystitis

Primary diagnosis of cystitis

At the very beginning of the disease, both women and men are concerned about symptoms such as:

• Pain in the pelvis.
• Frequent urination in small portions (up to 20 ml) with a feeling of pain.
• Rise in temperature to subfebrile norms.
• Feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.
• There may be bloody inclusions in the excreted urine.

When interviewing patients experienced specialist pay special attention to the circumstances that caused such problems:

• Has there been hypothermia?
• Are frequent changes of sexual partners possible?
• Has the patient been exposed to Lately stress.
• What illnesses he suffered shortly before the first symptoms appeared, what medications and procedures he took.

When taking an anamnesis, it is important to describe everything as accurately as possible.

To clarify the diagnosis of acute cystitis immediately prescribed laboratory analysis- microscopy of urinary sediment. If, as a result of a urine test, an increased content of leukocytes and bacteria is detected, they speak of a disease such as acute inflammation Bladder.

Criteria for diagnosis and differential (distinctive) diagnosis of cystitis

Features of the structure of the urinary canal in women, the closely located vagina and anus contribute to infection of the bladder. The disease can very often appear against the background of existing colpitis, vulvitis, urethritis, which are caused by:

• coccal flora (streptococci, staphylococci, coli).
• Candida.
• Gardenerella.
• Mycoplasmas.
• Chlamydia.
• Trichomonas.

In women, during the bearing of a baby, the disease can occur against the background of hormonal changes occurring in the body future mother and due to changes in the microflora of the urethra and genital organs. Bladder in men, it becomes inflamed with sexually transmitted problems, often this is associated with the presence of gonorrhea.

Occur during pregnancy hormonal changes which can cause cystitis

In girls, cystitis most often develops when:

• The appearance of menstruation.
• Avitaminosis.
• Wearing synthetic underwear and miniskirts in cold weather.
• Weakening of immunity against the background of frequent SARS.

Older people are also prone to this problem, most often the cause is:

• Foci of inflammation in nearby organs - the prostate, uterus and appendages.
• dishormonal disorders.
• Hypothermia.
• Failure to comply with the rules of hygiene of the genitals.
• Immunodeficiency and avitaminosis.
• Irregular emptying of the bladder.

Diagnosis of cystitis is a complex of studies, which consists of visits to specialists, studies of biomaterials, and instrumental examinations.

The gynecologist will help to make a diagnosis and prescribe right treatment

The treatment is carried out by a specialist - a urologist and a family doctor, in order to clarify the diagnosis in women and conduct effective treatment, it is necessary to visit a gynecologist.

Laboratory diagnostics

Early diagnosis cystitis is a timely laboratory research, they differ high precision, their results play an indispensable role in effective treatment. An experienced specialist will immediately write out a referral to the patient for:

• Clinical analyzes of urine and blood.
• Urine analysis according to the Nechiporenko method.
• A smear on the microflora of the vagina and urethra.
• Biochemical research venous blood to the renal complex.
• Bacteriological culture urine.

The biomaterial for a general blood test is capillary blood (from a finger), the selection is carried out directly in the laboratory from 8 to 10 o'clock, it is advisable for the patient not to have breakfast and not to smoke. To obtain reliable results on the eve of the study, it is important to follow some simple rules:

1. The day before the analysis, cancel training in the gym.
2. It is advisable to refrain from sexual intercourse.
3. Dinner should be no later than 21 hours, do not overeat and do not take alcohol.

A blood test is required to make a diagnosis.

In acute cystitis, there will be no special changes in the general blood test, they may appear with more serious problems – cancerous tumors bladder and uterus, urolithiasis, venereal diseases, kidney diseases.

Urine collection for analysis is carried out in the morning, after waking up from the first urination:

1. Before delivery, carry out hygiene measures, it is advisable for women to close the entrance to the vagina with a napkin - it is necessary to avoid getting secretions and epithelium into the urine.
2. Use a clean container intended for analysis (jars of mayonnaise, sauces, baby food can be stored on the walls protein deposits- this will affect the result).
3. The first portion should be urinated into the toilet, the middle one should be collected in a container for urine, the last portion should be released into the toilet.
4. The biomaterial must be delivered to the laboratory no later than 2.5 hours after sampling.

Urine in acute cystitis becomes cloudy and may have pink color(if there are red blood cells in it), with an admixture of pus (due to an increase in the content of leukocytes in the urine) is an indicator of inflammation. The Nechiporenko method will allow you to determine the exact amount of 1 cu. mm of urine of erythrocytes, cylinders and leukocytes - this affects the degree of inflammation in the disease.

Urinalysis is also required for diagnosis.

Diagnosis of cystitis in men is based on a mandatory visit to a specialist - a venereologist, he will additional examinations and if a problem is identified, complex treatment.

Bacteriological research methods

Sowing urine on cultural media helps to identify the etiology of the inflammatory process, the genus of microbes - pathogens and determine the antibacterial drug that can effectively neutralize them, this is a very valuable advantage of bakposev.

When examining women, a gynecologist takes a smear from the urethra and vagina for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, if necessary, the patient can be referred for a consultation with a dermato-venereologist.

For getting accurate results, it is very important to properly prepare for the study:

1. The test is carried out before the appointment of all antifungal and antibacterial agents.
2. For two days it is desirable to avoid sexual contact.
3. Women are recommended to take an analysis on the 6th day of the cycle.
4. On the evening before taking a smear, you need to wash yourself only warm water, do not use the toilet in the morning.
5. Three hours before the examination, you should try not to urinate.

A swab is taken to detect pathogens

If an infection is detected that is transmitted during sexual intercourse, treatment must be taken by both partners.

Instrumental diagnostics

In the diagnosis of recurrence of the disease, an important role is played by:

• Cystoscopy is a study using an endoscope, during the procedure, a morphological examination of the walls of the bladder is performed, tumors, ulcers, fistulas, foreign bodies, and urinary stones can be detected. If necessary, a biopsy is performed during the examination.
• Cystography is x-ray examination, it is carried out in order to obtain an image of the bladder on X-ray. The test is carried out by filling the organ with an X-ray contrast agent to evaluate its shape, size and position.
• Ultrasound is prescribed in order to exclude kidney and genital diseases in women, it also shows the presence of urinary stones, damage and changes in the size of the bladder.

These diagnostic methods help in making an accurate diagnosis and exclude other possible accompanying illnesses.

Ultrasound is performed to diagnose the disease.

Cystitis, like many other diseases, is very easy to prevent. To this end, it is recommended:

• Timely identify and eliminate factors that can cause this problem.
• Follow basic hygiene rules intimate places.
• Don't get cold.
• Use protective equipment during sex.

It is very important to refuse self-diagnosis and self-treatment. These tips will help you deal with different situations. difficult situations.

You can learn more about the diagnosis and treatment of cystitis from the video:

urogenital.ru

Examinations and tests for cystitis

Such a diagnostic study as a urine test for cystitis will help identify the disease, select adequate treatment and avoid complications. The diagnosis of cystitis and its definition also involves the use of other types of examinations that are aimed at obtaining accurate data. What tests should be taken for cystitis, how to detect the disease using instrumental methods, and what are the rules for preparing for different types of tests?

Inflammation in the bladder is a disease that is confirmed on the basis of the results of tests and / or hardware examination.

Anamnesis and clinical picture in women and men

A characteristic manifestation of cystitis is the transience of the development of symptoms, which causes discomfort, burning and pain in the patient, while all the symptoms of intoxication of the body appear. In the first hours of an exacerbation of cystitis, problems with urination begin, it becomes more frequent, painful, while the volume of urine is limited to a few drops. With cystitis in women and men, it is important to choose the right treatment regimen. If the disease is treated on its own, then there is a high risk of developing complications such as inflammation of the kidney tissues, urethritis, and kidney failure.

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Laboratory diagnostics

Blood and urine test

A blood test for cystitis is given if there is a suspicion of the development of inflammation in the organs urinary system. At the same time, the results will indicate an increase in the number of leukocytes, erythrocytes, an increase in the rate ESR level. Inflammation of the bladder is most often diagnosed on the basis of urine tests, in which the levels of leukocytes, erythrocytes and other characteristic inclusions will exceed the normal value. If there are bacteria in the urine, the urine will become cloudy, and a visible sediment will form at the bottom of the container. Also in the urinary composition with severe inflammatory processes with complications in the kidneys, you can see impurities of mucus, pus, and the smell will be fetid.

If the diagnosis of cystitis in women and men is confirmed, it is worth immediately starting the treatment of the disease, since the disease often flows into a chronic form, and with chronic cystitis and frequent relapses, it is more difficult to get rid of the symptoms.

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Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko and collection rules

Urine tests according to Nechiporenko are important when a general urinalysis indicated a significant deviation from the norm, they are given when a diagnosis is required. Urine indicators for cystitis indicate a deviation from the norm of erythrocytes, leukocytes and ESR in a milliliter of urine. If the deviation shows an increase in these indicators, then an inflammatory disease occurs in the body:

• inflammation of the kidney tissue;
• inflammation of the urinary organs and urinary tract.

In order for the examination data to be accurate, 2-3 days before the procedure, it is necessary to go on a sparing diet, which excludes spicy and fatty foods, alcoholic beverages, vegetables and fruits that affect the color of urine. It is also important to limit physical activities and procedures that lead to dehydration. For analysis, you will need an average portion of urine, which must be collected in the morning in a sterile container. You can store the sample for no more than 1.5-2 hours, provided that the urine is in a cold, dark place.

Hello dear readers! This article is intended more for women, but this information will also be useful for men. And let's talk today about the signs of cystitis in women and treatment at home. Why at home? Yes, because in addition to the treatment prescribed by the doctor, it is necessary to make some efforts at home, since it is not always with a similar diagnosis that they put them on inpatient treatment.

Cystitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the lining of the bladder. The disease is quite common among women, they get sick 5 times more often than men. This is explained by the presence of a shorter and wider urethra in women than in men.

The most common cause is the entry of pathogenic microflora into the bladder. This can happen when an infection, usually E. coli, enters the bladder through the urethra, which is most often the case. Or vice versa, with the existing inflammatory process in the kidneys, the infection goes down into the bladder. Less commonly, pathogenic microbes enter through the lymphatic or circulatory system. Even less often, when abscesses located near the bladder are opened.

Trigger point for the development of inflammation are following conditions, in which microbes begin to multiply intensively and cause an inflammatory process.

• Failure to comply with the rules of personal intimate hygiene- improper or insufficient washing, untimely change of underwear and pads, improper use of toilet paper.
• Hypothermia, to which girls are most often exposed, without thinking about the consequences, they can sit on cold ground or stones, bathe in cold water, in cold weather lightly dressed. Their mothers tell their daughters about all this, but usually girls or girls neglect maternal advice, because it’s enough to sit in the cold for half an hour and it’s quite possible to earn cystitis.
• Delayed emptying of the bladder.
• Inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs and sexually transmitted diseases.
• Injuries of the genitals, lower back, with unsuccessful insertion of the urinary catheter.
• Early onset of sexual activity frequent change partners, prolonged sexual intercourse.
• Hormonal disorders in the body that may occur, for example, during pregnancy, diabetes or in old age.
• Poor immunity due to frequent colds, stress, lack of vitamins, malnutrition, chronic fatigue or lack of sleep.

Signs of cystitis in women and its treatment

The first signs of cystitis in women may appear within a few hours after hypothermia. Harbingers of the disease - the appearance of itching in the genital area. Signs of the disease are considered frequent urge to urinate, every 10-15 minutes, while there is a feeling incomplete emptying. Women complain of constant soreness in suprapubic region, feeling of discomfort at night in the lower abdomen.

Urination in acute cystitis always ends with a sharp, piercing pain that radiates to the anus. The temperature rises to subfebrile numbers - no more than 37.5º, there is malaise, weakness.

When examining urine, it is cloudy, you can notice flakes, impurities of pus or blood in it.

cystitis during pregnancy

Approximately one tenth of pregnant women experience similar problem. If a woman had cystitis before, then during pregnancy, cystitis, like parvilo, worsens. The reason for this is the change hormonal background and microflora in the vagina.

Due to the exacerbation of cystitis during pregnancy, complications or premature birth. And the presence of pathogenic microflora entails a complication of inflammation of the renal pelvis - pyelonephritis.

It is not difficult to make a diagnosis in the presence of characteristic signs in pregnant women, but often the course of the disease is asymptomatic. That is why a pregnant woman before each visit to an obstetrician-gynecologist must take, and if necessary, a tank. urine culture. If leukocytosis, erythrocytes or microbes are present in the analyzes, this indicates an inflammatory process in the urinary tract.

Treatment of cystitis during pregnancy has certain difficulties, because some drugs, especially antibiotics, are highly undesirable, as they can harm the unborn child. But now doctors have antibiotics in their arsenal that do not require long-term use and are approved for the treatment of cystitis during pregnancy, these are Amoxiclav and Monural. The use of other antibiotics, antispasmodics and other drugs is allowed only on prescription.

During pregnancy, physio and thermal procedures are contraindicated, but the use of infusions medicinal herbs quite justified.

Cystitis in girls - causes and symptoms

Cystitis in childhood occurs frequently. Statistics state that the incidence of inflammation of the bladder in children under 2 years of age is the same for girls and boys. But later, at preschool and school age, the disease is more often recorded in girls. Again, the reason is the anatomical structure and insufficient hygiene of the external genital organs, when the parents did not teach the girl to properly carry out the hygienic procedure, or they themselves do it incorrectly.

all sorts of inflammatory diseases such as urethritis, vaginitis, infectious diseases kidney, urolithiasis disease tend to develop cystitis. Other causes in teenage girls - early start sexual life, frequent change of partners, sexual infections and, of course, non-compliance with intimate hygiene.

What are the symptoms of cystitis in young children? Usually children become restless, capricious, cry a lot. Their temperature rises to 39º, frequent urination, painful, children at this moment cry especially strongly. Urine is dark in color, in young children this can be seen in diapers.

Older children may say that they have aching pain in the lower abdomen and perineum. They also urinate very often, urination is painful, there is an increase in temperature up to 38º. In the urine, you can notice an admixture of blood, outwardly urine resembles meat slops. Urinary incontinence is common in children.

It is important for symptoms of cystitis in a child to show the pediatrician as soon as possible for treatment. late start or wrong treatment can lead to acute delay urine, and this is very dangerous for the life of the child. To others possible complications can be attributed to the development of pyelonephritis, with prolonged inflammation, it is possible to narrow the neck of the bladder and replace the muscle tissue with connective tissue, urinary reflux, when urine from the bladder is thrown into the kidneys or from the urethra into the bladder. The most formidable complication is rupture of the bladder wall.

How to cure cystitis in women

It will be correct if you first consult a doctor if you suspect cystitis. Independent and unskilled treatment often leads to a chronic process. In addition, the doctor will correct dosage medicines and take into account contraindications.

Urologists do not recommend not using antibiotics on the first day of cystitis treatment, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as anti-inflammatory drugs, and No-shpu or Baralgin to relieve pain and spasm. Later, the doctor may prescribe the use antibacterial drugs to suppress pathogenic microflora, antispasmodics to reduce pain, uroseptic drugs and other drugs, depending on the situation.

Sedentary baths have a good effect, heat on the lower abdomen, we will take infusions of medicinal herbs (I will talk about this in more detail in the next article).

It is very important to adhere to the regime, namely:

• Desirable bed rest, peace, warmth,
• drink as much liquid as possible
• food should not be spicy, salty, pastries and carbonated drinks are also excluded,
• any alcoholic beverages are strictly prohibited,
• complete renunciation of intimate relationships.

antibiotics for cystitis

In the treatment of acute cystitis, antibiotics are indispensable, especially if the disease is caused by bacterial microflora. Antibiotics do not work on viruses and fungi. In the case of bacterial cystitis, the doctor may prescribe an antibiotic, but if it is ineffective, you will have to do a bac. Urine culture for sensitivity to antibiotics. Chronic cystitis can be cured without antibiotics in a week and, as not only doctors say, forever.

Many broad-spectrum antibiotics are now available. But it must be borne in mind that antibiotics have a lot of contraindications, including allergic reactions. Antibiotics are especially dangerous during pregnancy early dates, most dangerous period- the first 7 weeks. But not only in the first weeks, but throughout pregnancy, antibiotics are not desirable.

And another disadvantage of using antibiotics is getting used to them, if for the first time they had positive result during treatment, then when they are taken again, they can no longer provide the proper therapeutic action. We have to use other, stronger antibiotics. And this undermines not only immunity, but also disrupts the microflora in the intestines and vagina, causing intestinal dysbacteriosis and.

To increase the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy, doctors often include herbal preparations in the treatment of cystitis. For example, Urolesan, having complex action(anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, and diuretic) may help reduce inflammation, relieve spasm, and ease urination. Studies confirm that the addition of Urolesan to the treatment regimen increases the effectiveness of treatment.

Prevention of cystitis in women and girls

Trite, but personal hygiene - washing at least 2 times a day using gels for intimate hygiene and changing underwear and pads will prevent the appearance of cystitis. By the way, these measures will help children. In addition, follow these tips:

• Mothers should teach their daughters proper conduct hygiene procedures. And boys should also learn the same hygiene procedures.
• Avoid hypothermia, wear warm trousers and cotton underwear in winter. Parents forbid girls to sit on cold objects, make sure they are warmly dressed.
• During menstruation, it is preferable to use pads rather than tampons.
• Avoid those diseases that can cause cystitis.
• Lead a healthy lifestyle.

Dear readers, as you can see, cystitis is a rather serious disease. And how to treat it at home, a detailed continuation of this Do not miss it, I have many recipes for the treatment of cystitis with folk remedies.
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Be healthy! Taisiya Filippova was with you.

Pyelonephritis and cystitis diseases are known to many. How to distinguish cystitis from pyelonephritis? After all, the effectiveness of treatment will depend on the correct diagnosis. This should be helped by an experienced specialist and careful diagnostic procedure. To avoid negative consequences at the first sign of discomfort, you should seek help from a qualified specialist.

Inflammation in the kidneys and bladder can occur with similar symptoms.

general information

Pyelonephritis is an inflammatory process that develops in the kidney structures. Basically, the causative agent of the disease is staphylococcus or intestinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa penetrating from the urinary system into the kidneys. The disease mainly affects women due to the shorter structure of the urethra, as a result of which microbes easily penetrate into the renal organs.

Cystitis is an inflammation that affects epithelial tissue and submucosa of the bladder. Women and children (especially girls) are more likely to suffer from this disease. Main danger overgrowth of this pathology acute form into chronic. To avoid this, you should not self-medicate, but consult a specialist in a timely manner and conduct effective therapy.

Symptoms of diseases

Symptoms of pyelonephritis and cystitis are similar. Characteristic symptoms cystitis is manifested in frequent urges to urination, pain muscle tension bladder and lower abdomen. Pyelonephritis is in acute and chronic form. During the acute form, the disease is manifested by chills, nausea, bouts of vomiting, an increase in temperature in the body, in general weakness organism and inflated levels of the contained protein components in urine. If you don't take the course effective therapy, then the disease will develop into a chronic form, which will manifest itself only in exacerbated periods. However, untreated pyelonephritis in time leads to changes in the kidney parenchyma, and this threatens with hypertension and renal failure.

What is the main difference between cystitis and pyelonephritis?

The main difference between the ailments is that with cystitis there are no elevated body temperatures and intoxication manifestations (weakness, nausea and headaches) are unusual, and pyelonephritis is always accompanied by such symptoms. There are features in the localization of pain: with inflammatory manifestations of the bladder, it hurts above the pubis, and with inflammation in the renal organ, in the lumbar region. Differences are also found in clinical analyzes blood and urine: tolerability renal inflammation changes blood counts, this does not happen with cystitis, and the analysis of urine in pyelonephritis differs from cystitis specific kind bacteria.

Cystitis or inflammation of the bladder, mainly - female disease, because women urethra several times shorter than in men. The disease has bacterial nature, is caused due to infections that can develop in the intestines and due to anatomical features female body, go to the organs of the genitourinary system, among which is the bladder.

It is a mistake to believe that you can cope with this disease at home. Since the cause of the disease is bacteria, it can only be cured with the use of antibiotics, which can be selected only after consulting a doctor.

Acute and chronic cystitis

The disease always begins with acute cystitis - there is a sharp pain, the number of urges to the toilet becomes more frequent. As a rule, the first symptoms of the disease either go unnoticed, or the attacks are immediately relieved by taking painkillers and antispasmodic drugs, which temporarily muffle the signs of the disease, or the woman herself prescribes antibiotic therapy for herself, not taking into account the peculiarities of the bacterial environment.

The result, as a rule, is the same: bacteria adapt to the surrounding reality and continue to coexist quietly with their carrier, causing irreparable harm to the body.

If treatment is not started in time, the disease flows into a chronic form, the symptoms become less pronounced and it becomes more and more difficult to make an accurate diagnosis. In the case of unskilled use of antibiotics, resistance increases in bacteria, which also subsequently reduces the likelihood of effective treatment.

Why does cystitis appear?

Unfortunately, cystitis does not age restrictions: everyone gets sick, from young to old. For a long time it was believed that the disease causes hypothermia, but later it was found that it is based on bacteria. With hypothermia, a decrease in immunity can occur, which allows bacteria and viruses to catch on in the cells of the body and develop to the manifestations of a particular disease.

That is why women should never get cold, sit on cold surfaces, wear clothes that tear off lower part stomach during the cold season and do not neglect the rules of hygiene to prevent bacteria from entering the body.

Surprisingly, in the modern world, few women know how to properly care for themselves when it comes to such sensitive topic: do not wear synthetic underwear, wash from front to back, follow the regimen of going to the ladies' room, at least five or six times a day, you must go to the toilet.

Symptoms of cystitis

As already mentioned, the main companions of cystitis are frequent and painful urination. But there are a number of other signs that help put correct diagnosis, These include:

• pain in iliac region radiating to the lower back;
• the amount of urine is insignificant, while the desire to urinate does not disappear;
• urine has a nasty, putrid smell and turns greenish.
• appears or .

Treatment of cystitis

Treatment should be prescribed by a qualified urologist or surgeon. Most often, the patient is referred to a hospital to ensure compliance with bed rest and rest. Antibiotic therapy and a diet are prescribed, the patient must drink plenty of fluids and observe personal hygiene.

Prevention of cystitis

As medical practice shows, if cystitis occurs once, then a second attack will not take long. This is because even with a favorable outcome of treatment, patients continue to behave as if nothing had happened. Meanwhile, a revision of habits plays an important role in the fight against cystitis: one should adhere to a special diet that excludes salty and spicy foods that retain fluid in the body, avoid hypothermia and observe personal hygiene.

Complications of cystitis

In time, unnoticed cystitis can lead to. The bladder and kidneys are located in close proximity, so the infection can easily pass from one organ to another.