Inflammation of the renal pelvis in children. Inflammation of the renal pelvis

When bacteria multiply in the urinary tract, inflammation may begin. urinary tract. Among adults treatment of inflammation of the pelvis- this is a fairly common occurrence. When a urinary tract infection spreads, inflammation of the pelvis may also begin. It is a nonspecific infectious disease of the kidneys that affects the renal parenchyma, calyces and pelvis.

Symptoms of inflammation of the pelvis

If the form of the disease is acute, then the symptoms of inflammation of the pelvis are very pronounced, but if it is chronic, they may not exist at all. Most often, inflammation of the pelvis affects women rather than men.

Increased body temperature (up to 38-40 degrees).

Side pain.

Exhaustion.

Sometimes vomiting and nausea are symptoms of inflammation of the pelvis.

Headache.

Lack of appetite.

Weakness and fatigue are also symptoms of inflammation of the pelvis.

Excessive urination.

Inflammation of the pelvis is caused by bacteria that enter the pelvis through the urinary tract and bladder. There is also a situation where bacteria, along with the bloodstream, can enter the kidneys from other sources of infection. Inflammation of the pelvis causes a slowdown in the flow of urine, which may be caused by diseases of the urinary tract, as well as blockages or congenital anomalies.

After examining a patient who has symptoms of inflammation of the pelvis, the doctor should prescribe blood and urine tests. Ultrasound is used to determine abnormalities in the shape of the kidneys or slow urine flow. If there is a congenital anomaly of the urinary tract or the outflow of urine is impaired, special studies must be carried out to make a diagnosis of inflammation of the pelvis.

Treatment of inflammation of the pelvis

If inflammation of the pelvis is suspected or the disease has already been diagnosed, the sick person must be hospitalized. Only rest and compliance with medical instructions will lead to recovery in as soon as possible. For pain relief when diagnosed with inflammation of the pelvis, warm compresses on the lumbar region.

A patient diagnosed with inflammation of the pelvis needs to stay in bed and drink a lot. Antibacterial treatment inflammation of the pelvis is prescribed depending on the causative agent of the disease. If inflammation of the pelvis was a consequence of blockage of the urinary tract or a congenital anomaly, then after the inflammatory process has resolved, treatment of inflammation of the pelvis is continued using other methods.

Home treatment inflammation of the pelvis

A patient diagnosed with inflammation of the pelvis needs to drink a large number of fluids to increase the amount of urine produced. If you experience any problems with your kidneys, as well as any symptoms of the disease, you should immediately contact your doctor.

If treatment for inflammation of the pelvis is prescribed in a timely manner, the patient recovers completely without any residual effects. If inflammation of the pelvis is not treated, the disease develops into chronic form, in which kidney damage occurs and pyelonephritis occurs.

The occurrence of inflammation in the renal pelvis is called pyelitis. The disease can develop as a unilateral process and affect both kidneys. Pyelitis is characterized as a single disease, but it may develop in conjunction with infectious lesions genitourinary system. It occurs in acute and chronic forms.

Girls under seven years of age are more often at risk; adults are less likely to suffer from this disease.

Classification

Experts do not identify a clear systematization, but for ease of diagnosis, it is customary to distribute the symptoms of pyelitis into several groups depending on the nature of the process, its intensity and duration.

Time of occurrence

Divided into primary disease, in the absence of other lesions of the body, and secondary, which is revealed as a consequence of another past illness, for example, sore throats.

Type of pathogen

Bacteria

staphylococcus;
coli;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
streptococcus;
viruses.

Morphological forms of pyelitis

serous;
slimy;
purulent;
mixed;
necrotic.

By flow time

within one week - acute pyelitis;
from a week to one month – subacute pyelitis;
over 3 months – chronic pyelitis;
recurrent pyelitis with alternating exacerbations and remissions.

Causes

The cause of pyelitis is considered to be the activity of microorganisms entering the kidneys. The routes of movement of bacteria can be different: circulating in the lymph, they move from the intestines; rise through the organs of the reproductive system, Bladder and from anus. Blood carries harmful microorganisms during infectious diseases.

The following categories of people are at risk:

patients with reduced level immunity. For this reason, a newborn child or a woman during pregnancy may become ill;
people who have suffered severe hypothermia;
dieters and malnourished people;
active consumers of alcoholic beverages and smokers;
patients forced for a long time ignore the urge to urinate.

Symptoms

There are no unambiguously interpreted signs of inflamed tissue of the renal pelvis, and pyelitis can often be misdiagnosed in cases of nephritis or cystitis. To cast doubts aside, an ultrasound is often prescribed. internal organs. Clinical picture as follows:

the patient’s complexion changes to grayish;
there is an elevated temperature;
appetite disappears;
at acute phase the patient has a fever, the temperature rises to 39 C;
increased sweating occurs;

In chronic pyelitis, the following factors are observed:

vomiting appears;
a gray coating appears on the tongue;
the temperature is elevated;
pain spreads from one side to completely cover the lumbar region;
dehydration is often observed.

For bilateral disease:
They notice pain in the lower back with movement towards the perineum or towards the ribs, with a general feeling of uneasiness, in addition, urination becomes more frequent.

Treatment

You should start fighting pyelitis immediately after receiving accurate diagnosis. Bed rest and inpatient placement of the patient using medications prescribed by a doctor are required. Specific medicines determined by the doctor, but in general they can be divided into antibiotics, antimicrobials, analgesics and antipyretics.

In advanced cases and in the absence positive effect When combating the chronic form of pyelitis, surgical intervention is allowed.

On initial stages pyelitis can be successfully treated at home under the supervision of a doctor. In this case, it is possible to use folk remedies that help achieve positive result without consumption chemicals. Self-treatment cannot be the main direction of eliminating symptoms and signs of the disease, but how aid can speed up the healing process.

Traditional medicine recipes

Red Ribes

Natural antiseptic properties This berry copes well with bacterial threats. It is enough to prepare a decoction of red currants (100 grams of fruit per 0.5 liters of water) and add honey to it. Daily intake One glass of drink before meals for two weeks helps speed up the process of fighting pyelitis.

Red Ribes

Bearberry

Used to eliminate spasms and reduce pain. Used as a decoction (20 grams of dried plant per 200 ml of boiling water). After cooling, it needs to brew for a day, then it is filtered and drunk in the morning before the first meal. Use the infusion up to 12 times with breaks between doses of three days.

Sagebrush

This bitter herb helps speed up the withdrawal process excess liquid from the patient's body. A decoction of 40 grams of wormwood and 200 ml of boiling water is prepared; a few drops of lemon juice should be added to the resulting mixture. The decoction is taken at night no more than once a week.

Drugs

Only a doctor can prescribe medications for use; self-medication is dangerous.

When taking medications, you should carefully study the instructions, contraindications and the possibility of unwanted manifestations. If you have any doubts about the safety of the prescribed drug, it is better to seek additional advice from a doctor.

A group of antibiotics that combat pathogenic microorganisms: Ampiox, Amoxiclav, Vancomycin.

Group antiviral agents, preventing the development of viral infections: Acyclovir, Ganciclovir, Zanamivir.

Group antifungal drugs: Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Ketoconazole.

Non-steroidal drugs that relieve inflammation: Nimesulide, Nise, Ketotifen.

Steroid medications for swelling renal tissue: Prednisolone, Triamcinolone, Hydrocortisone.

A group of diuretics responsible for urine excretion: Furosemide, Hypothiazide, Veroshpiron.

Antihypertensive drugs to normalize blood pressure: Enal, Enalapril, Capoten.

Special food

To eliminate the symptoms of inflammation of the pelvis, you should follow a special diet. It is recommended to exclude any alcoholic drinks, avoid fatty foods and smoked foods, add minimal amount spices and salt.

Treatment should be supported by drinking large amounts (up to 4 liters per day) of water and other liquids (medicinal mineral waters, juices and fruit drinks). Good impact teas based on medicinal herbs and berries (bear ear, horsetail, juniper, cranberry and lingonberry).

The menu includes a large number of products plant origin and dairy products.

Prevention

To avoid such a phenomenon as inflammation renal pelvis, you should follow some rules:

hygiene must be maintained at all times intimate areas;
avoid severe hypothermia;
Healthy food;
drink at least 2 liters of water per day;
control the level of physical activity, do not overwork beyond measure;
any disease must be treated.

Complications with pyelitis

Advanced forms of pyelitis can develop into serious illnesses. Most often, the complication is expressed in manifestations of purulent pyelonephritis, sepsis, ectasia, hydronephrosis, an abscess or carbuncle of the kidney may occur, and toxic-resorptive fever develops.

Pyelitis – urological disease, which is characterized by inflammation of the renal calyces and pelvis. This disease can develop in adults and children. Pyelitis in children is observed quite often. Pregnant women, as well as men who have had prostate surgery, are at risk.

Pyelitis usually develops due to penetration into the body pathogenic microorganisms. But this disease can also develop as a result of the progression of other diseases in the body, such as acute respiratory infections, as well as ordinary dental caries.

Pyelitis, dangerous illness, which needs to be treated, otherwise it will turn into chronic stage. Therefore, it is very important, when the first symptoms of pathology occur, to contact qualified specialist to carry out diagnostics and prescribe the correct course of treatment.

Causes

The main cause of pyelitis is infection (streptococcus, etc.). The infection can penetrate upward, or it can spread from other organs (in which there is an inflammatory process) through the bloodstream.

More often this disease The following categories of people are affected:

with weakened immunity;
pregnant women;
smokers;
alcohol abusers;
people who have been on a low-calorie diet for a long time.

Symptoms

On early stages symptoms are less pronounced and may be similar to signs of other diseases. If you don't pay attention to alarming symptoms and not spend competent treatment, then pyelitis can go into the chronic stage. In this case, it will be very difficult to cure him.

Characteristic symptoms of pyelitis:

severe intoxication;
loss of appetite;
grey colour skin;
unstable body temperature;
fever;
body temperature up to 39 (with acute pyelitis);
chills;
heavy sweating;
headaches, as well as lumbar pain;
urinary retention;
cloudy urine color.

The main symptoms of chronic pyelitis:

a sharp increase in body temperature;
fever;
apathy;
frequent vomiting;
severe pain in the lower back;
dehydration of the body;
dryness of the tongue with a change in its color to gray (with a light coating).

In the remission stage, chronic pyelitis may not manifest itself in any way. The patient can only note extreme fatigue. When there is a suspicion of chronic pyelitis, only a urine test will help the doctor detect the presence of pathology in the human body.

In more severe cases, pyelitis affects two kidneys at once. In this case, the following symptoms appear:

general weakness;
pain in the lumbar region;
frequent urination which is accompanied by pain.

Diagnostics

To diagnose pyelitis, a number of studies are required:

radionuclide research.

Based on the data obtained, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment.

Treatment

IN mandatory The doctor prescribes a diet for the patient, which should include:

dairy products;
herbal products;
fresh fruits and vegetables;
mineral water;
Sometimes medicinal herbs are used in the form of tea (lingonberry, horsetail, and juniper). Data folk remedies help eliminate the symptoms of the disease. They are also often used to treat children.

Limit use:

smoked meats;
hot spices;
salt;
alcohol.

Patients are required to be placed on bed rest. It is also important to drink enough water - about four liters per day.

After this, the patient is prescribed drug treatment, which includes the following drugs:

antibiotics wide range actions (Amoxicillin, Levomycetin, Cefazolin, Cefotaxime). This group of drugs is prescribed necessarily to eliminate the infection that provoked the development of the pathology;
antimicrobial drugs (Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Nitroxoline, Biseptol, Streptocide, Sulfadimethoxine);
analgesics (painkillers); No-shpa, Spazgan and Spazmalgon;
antipyretics are also used to treat pyelitis, especially if the patient often has high body temperature.

Prevention

hygiene of intimate areas;
try to avoid hypothermia;
moderate physical exercise;
proper nutrition;
use sufficient quantity water;
timely treatment of any diseases;
use of vitamins.

Treatment with folk remedies

pour in the root of the steel plant boiled water, let it sit, strain and take before meals. This remedy helps eliminate the symptoms of the disease;
bearberry leaves. Pour water over the herb and boil in a water bath, then strain through a bandage and take before meals.

The use of medicinal herbs and drugs without consulting a doctor is not recommended. Only a specialist can prescribe a competent and correct course of treatment, taking into account general condition the patient’s body, as well as the characteristics of his pyelitis.

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Diseases with similar symptoms:

Pneumonia (officially pneumonia) is an inflammatory process in one or both respiratory organs, which usually has infectious nature and is called various viruses, bacteria and fungi. In ancient times, this disease was considered one of the most dangerous, and although modern means Treatments allow you to get rid of the infection quickly and without consequences; the disease has not lost its relevance. According to official data, in our country every year about a million people suffer from pneumonia in one form or another.

When bacteria multiply in urinary tract the inflammatory process begins. In adults, these inflammations occur quite often. When a urinary tract infection spreads, kidney inflammation occurs. Inflammation of the renal pelvis - nonspecific infection kidney, affecting the renal parenchyma, pelvis and calyces; occurs frequently. At acute pyelonephritis symptoms are pronounced; in chronic cases, there may be a small number of symptoms or their absence. Women are more susceptible to this disease than men.

Symptoms

Increased body temperature.
Side pain.
Thirst.
Exhaustion.
Sometimes nausea and vomiting.
General weakness, fatigue.
Headache.
Excessive urination.

Acute inflammation is characterized by high body temperature of the patient (approximately 38-40°C), chills, severe pain in the side, spreading down to the bladder and genitals, pain in the lumbosacral region, aggravated by palpation of the lower back. Sometimes nausea and vomiting occur. With bilateral inflammation of the kidneys, the disease spreads quickly, the kidneys enlarge and their capsules thicken, oliguria may occur or acute renal failure may develop.

Causes

The inflammatory process is caused by bacteria that enter the renal pelvis through the bladder and urinary tract. Less commonly, bacteria enter the kidneys through the bloodstream from other sources of infection. Inflammation causes the flow of urine to slow down due to urinary tract disease, blockage, or congenital abnormalities. The likelihood of pyelonephritis increases with metabolic diseases, for example, diabetes.

Inflammation of the renal pelvis often affects children under 3 years of age. Girls get sick three times more often than boys. It is assumed that if diapers are not changed on time, pathogens penetrate the urinary tract, and through them into the renal pelvis.

Treatment

Compliance required bed rest And drinking plenty of fluids. Depending on the causative agent of the disease, antibiotics are prescribed. If inflammation of the renal pelvis is caused by a congenital anomaly of the urinary tract or their blockage, then after the inflammatory process is stopped, treatment of the underlying disease will continue using other methods.

During the inflammatory process, you need to drink a lot of fluid to produce more urine. It is not recommended to stay in the sun for a long time!

At acute inflammation appears heat and chills, which forces the patient to consult a doctor. For any problems related to the kidneys, as well as at the first symptoms of inflammation of the bladder, you should consult a doctor.

The doctor will examine the patient and prescribe blood and urine tests. Ultrasound may be used to determine if urine flow is slow or if the shape of the kidneys is abnormal. At congenital anomaly urinary tract or obstruction of urine outflow, special studies are performed.

Forecast

At timely treatment usually happens full recovery patient without residual effects. If left untreated, there is a risk of the disease becoming chronic, in which the kidneys are affected and pyelonephrosis is possible.

The renal pelvis are special cavities for the accumulation of urine from the kidneys. It then travels through the ureters to the bladder. Enlargement of the pelvis caused by inflammatory processes is a pathology, the treatment of which directly depends on the timeliness of diagnosis and development of the problem.

Causes of inflammatory processes

This disease has a unilateral or bilateral form, which is distinguished by stage by mild, moderate and severe form. The causes of inflammatory processes are congenital with stenosis of the urethra, clearly defined phimosis, or neurogenic interruptions in the functioning of the bladder. In addition to this, it can be noted:

increased pressure inside the bladder due to blockage of the channels;
blockage of the lumens in the urinary ducts;
return of urine to the kidneys.

During development urolithiasis and not enough effective treatment the remaining stones can be located directly in the renal pelvis or in the ureters. Possible direct influence oncological neoplasms, as a result of which the renal pelvis is dilated in adults, and treatment should begin immediately.

At age-related changes there are reasons hormonal changes, pathology based on inflammatory or infectious processes, blockage of the urethra due to injury and illness. The most common deformations of the pelvis are found with congenital and acquired organic narrowings that occur during sufficiently long-term stagnation of urine.

Diagnosis of the disease

Often inflammatory processes go unnoticed and cannot be characterized by clearly defined symptoms. The clinical picture in this situation usually demonstrates only a clearly visible pathology. It should be taken into account that stagnant urine dynamics causes the development of infection. With such hidden form Availability of this disease It is usually detected completely by chance during ultrasound examinations for other issues.

During laboratory examinations the specialist is required to record the size of the renal pelvis at different moments; in addition, other diagnostic methods are used to obtain more full picture diseases: cystography, urography.

Most often, studies reveal narrowing of the canals as a result of the presence of stones, causing stagnation of urine and inflammatory processes. Detected inflammation of the renal pelvis requires treatment with maximum effectiveness.

Treatment of enlarged renal pelvis

Before starting treatment in adult patients, it is necessary to identify the causes of the disease in order to select the most effective therapy. If the congenital nature of the disease is discovered, it can only be dealt with by surgical intervention, which is confirmed by positive experience over many years.

In a child under one year old this problem disappears with age - the baby “outgrows” his illness in 70% of recorded cases. The remaining 30% get excellent results when carrying out drug therapy(25%) and surgical method based on endoscopy (5%).

Non-serious attitude of parents towards this problem in children younger age threatens in the future with enlargement of the bladder and other ailments directly related to the development chronic pyelonephritis and cystitis.

Treatment of enlarged renal pelvis should include eradication of the root cause, causing disruption work of the urinary canals. The presence of stones suggests surgical measures or the use of effective drugs based herbal remedies and methods traditional medicine. At surgical method treatment, it is possible to use special frames that are inserted into the damaged canal. Lately The endoscopy method is popular, in which the operation can be performed with miniature instruments and without leaving large scars.

For preventive purposes, you can use a variety of measures, the effectiveness of which has been proven by numerous studies:

treatment of the urinary system at the first signs of disease development;
control over the intake and removal of fluid from the body;
timely visit to the doctor and follow all his recommendations.

What is the danger of this pathology?

The expansion of the renal pelvis, just like the prolapse of the kidney, causes quite serious interruptions in work urinary system. The process of stagnation of urine in the canals causes an increase in pressure in the kidneys, which is fraught with the development of atrophy of the kidney tissue. Infection leads to the development of pyelonephritis, which can cause sclerosis of this body or go into a chronic stage.

An increase in the size of the renal pelvis does not in itself represent separate disease, but is a sign of the development of interruptions in the functioning of the system for removing urine from the body. Therefore, eliminating pathology with therapeutic or surgical methods directly depends on identifying the causes that cause it.

Conclusion

If there is a suspicion of inflammatory processes in the renal pelvis, it is necessary to undergo examinations in laboratory conditions. If ultrasound has detected changes before and after urine loss of 7 mm or more, treatment should be started as soon as possible. Changes in the size of the pelvis leads to serious complications, which are expressed in the development of kidney sclerosis, pyelonephritis or kidney atrophy.

In order to completely eliminate in the future possible problems in this area, it is necessary to carry out preventive examinations every 4-6 months for adults and once every 6 months for children. Such measures make it possible to notice the slightest return of the disease and contribute to the rapid adoption of the necessary therapeutic actions.

Sincerely,