Cellulite all over the body. Cellulite

Currently, problems of maintaining and/or restoring aesthetics appearance are becoming more and more relevant. Aesthetic health has a significant impact on a person’s adaptation in society, his quality of life and social well-being.

In the structure of reasons for visiting dermatological and cosmetological institutions, cellulite occupies a leading position. Its prevalence among women aged 20-35 years is about 96%, and over 35 years old - an average of 80%.

General overview

The term “cellulite”, used in relation to certain objective changes in skin characteristics in problem areas of the body in most women, is incorrect and is used only in everyday life. A more accurate formulation of these changes is “estrogen-dependent local lipodystrophy” or gynoid (i.e. female type) lipodystrophy.

Cellulite is not normal, but it is not a disease either, despite the presence of the suffix “itis,” meaning inflammation. This and other terms used to define this condition are not found in the International Classification of Diseases.

Gynoid dystrophy is an aesthetic, cosmetic defect characterized by certain specific transient or permanent tissue changes, which are based on local degenerative processes in the subcutaneous fatty tissue and dermis of problem areas, manifested by irregular skin texture and the so-called “effect” orange peel».

What causes cellulite?

This cosmetic defect almost never occurs in men. It appears relatively rarely in teenage girls during puberty. This served as the basis for some authors to call the cosmetic defect in teenage girls the term “juvenile cellulite.” But the irregularity of the skin relief in areas susceptible to this cosmetic defect (on the buttocks, on the legs, mainly on the hips and to a lesser extent in the area of ​​the knees and ankle joints, on the hands) occurs in the vast majority of women reproductive age (85%).

The main manifestations in the form of dystrophic changes in the fatty tissue of the listed areas in females, their age-related correlation and compliance with hormonal changes reproductive period explained by the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the female body.

What does cellulite look like post-anatomically?

The pathological picture is represented by hypertrophied adipose tissue cells grouped into lobes. The latter are surrounded by septa consisting of thickened fibrous fibers. Hypertrophy of fat cells occurs due to an increase in the activity of the processes of formation and accumulation of fats or a decrease in the activity of metabolic processes (according to various reasons). In these tissues, there are disturbances in blood microcirculation and lymph flow, the severity of edema of the interstitial (intercellular) tissue, which further disrupts the blood flow in the capillaries and the outflow of lymph.

Thus, gynoid lipodystrophy is not a pathological condition, but physiological feature subcutaneous fat tissue of local (estrogen-dependent) areas of the woman’s body.

Causes and mechanism of cellulite development

It develops as a result of the influence of various factors, combined into two groups:

1. Internal.
2. External.

In each individual case, some reasons are of a primary nature, others are of a secondary nature. However, despite the fact that the causes of cellulite may be different, the fundamental mechanism of its development is similar in all cases. This similarity is evident in end result in the form of a local disturbance of metabolic processes causing the formation of fat cells different sizes and forms, swelling of interstitial tissue and the development of fibrosis.

Internal etiological factors

These include mainly factors:

• anatomical;
• hormone;
• vascular and discirculatory;
• genetic.

Anatomical factor

The fact of the presence of lipodystrophic changes in women and their absence in men for a long time was based on hypotheses that took into account the difference only in the anatomical structure of adipose tissue. In accordance with this version, subcutaneous fatty tissue is divided by elastin septa, which in women are arranged crosswise, and in men - in a strictly horizontal direction.

In this regard, with an increase in the volume of fat cells in men, the elastin elements stretch evenly, resulting in a uniform, without the formation of relief, skin tension. In women, the consequence of an increase in the volume of adipocytes with a cruciform structure of adipose tissue is a raised skin surface, or the “orange peel” symptom, which cannot be a pathological condition, that is, a disease.

Other hypotheses were only clarifying the first. For example, it was assumed that the lack of regularity in the location of fatty tissue is characteristic only of the lower layers, but they protrude the upper layers, creating relief of the dermis. In accordance with another hypothesis, cellulite was divided into primary, which is a hypertrophy of cells located only in surface layer adipose tissue, and secondary, developing as a result of age-related or induced sun rays decreased skin elasticity.

These assumptions are united by the characteristics of typical changes (hypertrophy) of fatty tissue and the identification of one or another of its layers as the object of changes. They have a certain significance in the morphological and clinical picture. However, as a cause, these hypotheses contradict the empirical observations of dermatologists and cosmetologists, since gynoid lipodystrophy is present not only in women with overweight body, but also among those whose indicators are close to the lower limit of the norm.

Hormonal factor

The implementation of hormonal changes can occur at the level of the central nervous system through the hormones of the hypothalamus and tropic hormones of the pituitary gland, as a result of which the content of estrogen and prolactin in the blood increases. The latter have a general anabolic effect, which contributes to the activation of fat formation and accumulation.

Particularly significant expression of lipogenesis processes is observed during periods of life accompanied by maximum hormonal changes- adolescence, pregnancy, menopause. Therefore, individual characteristics hormonal levels For every woman, certain changes in her body can participate in the mechanism of cellulite development or become its direct cause.

In addition, the theory of the formation of the changes discussed in the article, based on the biochemical processes occurring in adipose tissue under the influence of endocrine factors, is convincing. Among its many functions, subcutaneous fatty tissue also performs endocrine function, attracting particular interest in terms of explaining the causes and mechanisms of development of gynoid lipodystrophy.

The female body has such a feature of the reproductive period of life as the regularity of hormonal fluctuations, which determine the ability to conceive and bear a fetus. The defining characteristic of the hormonal background is the corresponding activity of the ovarian tissue in which estrogens are produced.

However, in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, localized in the femoral and gluteal zones, in the area of ​​the lower parts of the anterior abdominal wall and (to a lesser extent) in the area of ​​the back of the shoulder, in the area knee joints are happening biochemical processes aromatization of male sex hormones (androgens). The result of these processes is the peripheral synthesis of estrogens.

At the same time, the subcutaneous tissue of these zones is exposed to local estrogen. This is especially pronounced during pregnancy and lactation. One of the functions of female sex hormones is the destruction of collagen fibers, including in the cervix, which is important for its gradual preparation for childbirth and increasing the degree of extensibility during childbirth. This is associated with an increase in the appearance of cellulite in many women after childbirth.

The main stages of the mechanism of development of gynoid lipodystrophy are the following:

• an increase in estrogen levels leads to activation of the synthesis of collagenase (an enzyme that breaks down) in the dermis and hypodermis, as a result of which the number of collagen fibers in the tissues of estrogen-dependent zones decreases;
• when a critically low quantitative level of collagen fibers is reached, hypertrophied adipocytes acquire a chaotic arrangement and form groups in the form of small and large nodes that protrude in the superficial dermal layers;
• the accumulation of a critical number of enlarged fat cells against the background of estrogen stimulation leads to the activation of differentiation of preadipocytes (precursors of fat cells) and the formation of new adipocytes;
• new fat cells also participate in the aromatization of androgens, which leads to the synthesis of more more estrone, and this, in turn, further enhances the synthesis of the enzyme collagenase.

Thus, the degree of spread and severity of cellulite processes is determined by the overall level of estrogen content. Women who have this level are high tend to develop and spread the manifestations of gynoid lipodystrophy more quickly than other women.

To other, less significant internal etiopathogenetic factors endocrine in nature, leading to an imbalance of lipolysis and lipogenesis and contributing to the appearance and/or development of cellulite or accelerating its course, include:

• dysfunction endocrine glands hypothalamic-pituitary system and adrenal glands;
• hypofunction of the thyroid gland;
• dysfunction of the pancreas, especially diabetes;
• ovarian diseases (tumors, polycystic disease, oophorectomy);
• metabolic disorders, as well as diseases of the liver, biliary system, stomach and intestines, contributing to disturbances in protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism.

Vascular and discirculatory factor

This factor is the second (after hormonal) in importance in the development of gynoid lipodystrophy. It may not only be a consequence of the influence of some other causes, but often serves as the initial cause of the development of this condition. At histological examination tissue in the area of ​​cellulite is determined not only by hypertrophied fat cells, but also by the presence of signs of edema, fibrosis and sclerosis, which is associated with impaired tissue nutrition as a result of disruption of normal blood and lymph circulation.

This is explained by the following mechanisms. Enlarged (hypertrophied) adipocytes compress small vessels. This leads to deterioration of microcirculation, slower outflow venous blood and outflow of lymph, increased permeability of the vascular wall and the release of the liquid part of the blood into the interstitial tissue, swelling of the latter and even more pronounced compression of blood vessels, impaired blood microcirculation and slower outflow of lymph.

In addition, swelling of the interstitial tissue chronic is also associated with the influence of progesterone in the follicular phase menstrual cycle. As a result of a cyclic increase in the concentration of progesterone, a temporary physiological increase in the secretion of aldosterone occurs, a hormone that reduces the excretion of sodium salts from the body. The latter retains water, which is another reason for the increase in its volume in the fluid of the intercellular structure, that is, edema of the interstitial tissue.

Chronic edema that develops in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle also leads to disruption of blood microcirculation and lymph flow, and this, in turn, is a factor in activating the transformation of preadipocytes, stimulating the function of fibroblasts, and the development of fibrosing and sclerosing processes.

Thus, the main reason for the development of cellulite is both the direct local effect of estrogens on tissues and the influence of progesterone in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The longer this effect, the more pronounced the hypertrophy of fat cells, the phenomena of edema and fibrosis and, therefore, the earlier their external signs appear, progress and spread.

Therefore, the definition of local estrogenic lipodystrophy as age-related changes, and not as a disease, is fully justified, since, starting from adolescence, the subcutaneous fatty tissue of estrogen-dependent zones in women is under constant influence of estrogens. As age increases, this leads to the progression of cellulite.

The duration of the menstrual cycle depends on the duration of the luteal phase and can be up to different women from 21 days to 35-40 days. The individual duration of the follicular and ovulatory phases is relatively constant. How longer period luteal phase, the longer it lasts increased content progesterone in the body and, therefore, characteristic symptoms cellulite is more pronounced.

Depending on these factors, the following main groups of women are distinguished who are susceptible to more rapid development and progression of age-related estrogenic lipodystrophy. These are women:

1. With a relative or absolute increase in estrogen levels in the blood.
2. Those whose menstrual cycle length exceeds the average, that is, more than 30-32 days.

Others, less significant internal factors risks based on disorders of microcirculation and lymphatic drainage:

• pregnancy, in which, in addition to an increase in the content of prolactin and insulin in the blood, compression of the organs by the enlarged uterus occurs abdominal cavity, veins and lymphatic vessels, which leads to a slowdown in the flow of venous blood and lymph and disruption of microcirculation;
• varicose veins;
• primary and secondary lymphostasis;
• heart failure;
• cirrhosis or fibrosis of the liver, leading to impaired blood flow from the portal vein;

The listed pathological conditions cause a decrease in venous and lymphatic outflow and, consequently, impaired microcirculation and fluid retention in the lower extremities of the abdomen and buttocks. All this leads to stimulation of fibroblast function and the development of fibrosis of interstitial tissue in the thighs, buttocks, abdominal wall, legs, knee and ankle joints.

Genetic factor

The main one is the polymorphism of certain genes that encode enzymes of the two phases of detoxification. The consequence of their polymorphism is high sensitivity to disorders of estrogen metabolism. The latter may arise as a result of the influence negative factors environment against the background of an existing genetic predisposition.

External risk factors

As a result external influence internal factors are realized or their influence increases. Processes caused by external factors can lead to the development of local “secondary” lipodystrophy, which is associated not so much with individual characteristics the body itself, as well as its general condition, the woman’s lifestyle and the nature of her nutrition.

The main external factors are:

Smoking

Nicotine increases the risk of hyperestrogenemia. It helps reduce the activity of cytochrome, which is responsible for the transformation of estrogens into 2-hydroxyestrogens, which are a more active form of female sex hormones, especially during the premenopausal period. Nicotine also suppresses lipolytic processes (the breakdown of fats), first causing expansion and then spasm peripheral vessels with disruption of microcirculatory blood flow, development of lymphostasis and chronic venous insufficiency. In addition, it leads to accelerated destruction of collagen fibers in the skin, due to which dystrophic changes develop in the subcutaneous tissue, and causes resistance to treatment for obesity. Thus, smoking activates absolutely all factors contributing to the development of gynoid lipodystrophy.

Excess body weight

Obesity leads to the accumulation of estrogens in subcutaneous fat. This is due to the content in it large quantity the aromatase enzyme, which transforms androgens, which are synthesized in the adrenal glands, into estrogens. In addition, obesity significantly increases the risk vascular disorders, aggravates venous insufficiency, but, first of all, contributes to the progression of lymphostasis.

Improper diet and poor nutrition

Deficiency in food products of vitamins, macro- and microelements, many of which are part of enzymes involved in the metabolism of sex hormones. With their deficiency, the function of enzymatic systems is disrupted, which leads to the accumulation of estrogens in the body. It is also necessary to limit foods that contribute to the development of cellulite - high-calorie foods and fats of animal and plant origin, flour products, products containing easily digestible carbohydrates, extractives and spices, marinades and other products containing a significant amount of salt, sweet and carbonated drinks, as well as drinks containing caffeine (strong tea, coffee, Coca-Cola, etc.), products with a low content of fiber, potassium salts.

Taking certain medications

Taking oral combination contraceptives, as well as estrogen drugs for medicinal purposes, long-term therapy beta blockers, antithyroid hormones and antihistamines.

Physical inactivity

Physical activity promotes the processes of hydroxylation and destruction of excess estrogen. With a sedentary lifestyle, there is a decrease in oxygen saturation of tissues, a slowdown in metabolic processes and disruption of tissue nutrition, which leads to the activation of collagenases (enzymes that destroy collagen proteins). In addition, as a result of physical inactivity, due to a decrease in muscle activity, which contributes to the “pumping” of lymph through large lymphatic vessels, lymphostasis develops in soft tissues pelvic area and in the lower extremities.

Stress

Frequent and/or long-term stressful conditions, prolonged negative psycho-emotional stress contributes to the acceleration of the processes of destruction of collagen fibers, dysfunction of the neurovegetative system, resulting in the development of regulatory disorders vascular tone, sometimes quite persistent. This leads to prolonged vascular spasms, impaired oxygen delivery and nutrients to tissues and slowing down the outflow of metabolic products.

The accumulation of external influences on the body can significantly accelerate the progression and increase the severity of cellulite, which is associated with the peculiarities of estrogen metabolism. It is not so much the presence of gynoid lipodystrophy itself that depends on external factors, but rather its characteristics.

Stages of cellulite

In the development of gynoid lipodystrophy, four clinical and morphological stages are distinguished.

Stage 1

Pathomorphological examination reveals thickening of the hypodermal areolar layer, differences in the size and shape of fat cells, expansion of capillaries and increased permeability of their walls, diapedesis (through vascular wall without damaging it) pinpoint hemorrhages, microscopic spindle-shaped aneurysms in postcapillary venules.

At this stage clinical manifestations absent - the skin surface over the areas of development of cellulite processes is not visually changed, it is smooth and with an even texture. The subcutaneous tissue is soft on palpation, and sometimes slight swelling may be noted. In these areas there are more long-term preservation hematomas and healing of microtraumas.

Stage 2

The histological picture is hypertrophied and hyperplastic preadipocytes, the basement membrane of the capillaries is thickened, the capillaries are dilated in some areas, microscopic hemorrhages, bundles of argentophilic connective tissue fibers are found around the capillaries.

Upon palpation over the lesions, a decrease in skin temperature, a decrease in skin elasticity and an increase in swelling and density of subcutaneous fat are determined. When you tense the muscles in the area of ​​the lesion or take your fingers into a fold of the skin above the lesion, pallor and unevenness of the skin surface in the form of an “orange peel” appear.

Stage 3

Called micronodular or microlobular. Pathomorphologically, it is characterized by the progression of changes that are described in the 2nd stage. In addition - new formation of connective tissue (fibrous) fibers, growth of new capillaries, expansion of venules, numerous microaneurysms, formation of small nodules, blurring of the border between the hypodermis and dermis, association of hypertrophied adipocytes into small lobules, the beginning of the development of sclerosis of fat cells and their inclusion in connective tissue structures deep dermal layers. Thus, this stage is already fibrous cellulite.

Its clinical manifestations are a clear “orange peel” effect not only with muscle tension or skin gathering in a fold, but also in calm state. The surface of the skin is flabby and has a bumpy texture. Its elasticity over the lesions is significantly reduced, it is dry, pale and cold on palpation, and with deep palpation, which is accompanied by pain, multiple small, the size of a grain of rice, painful nodules are determined.

Stage 4

Macronodular, or final, irreversible (quite rare). Its histological and clinical picture characterizes already “advanced” cellulite. The histological picture reveals the loss of the lobular structure of the subcutaneous tissue. Groups of small nodes form large nodes, surrounded by a connective tissue capsule and penetrated by coarse fibrous fibers that look like cords. There is diffuse sclerosis of fat cells and their replacement with fibrous tissue, microscopic varicose veins small vessels, minor hemorrhages, atrophy of the epidermal layer of the skin and telangiectasia.

The clinical signs of this stage are more pronounced compared to those of the 3rd stage. Large nodes are noticeable in a calm, relaxed state. The skin over the lesions is cold, with a bluish tint and a venous “mesh”. General relief the skin has a wavy and bumpy character. Upon palpation, large painful nodes are identified, fused to the dermis.

Let's answer the main question: how to get rid of cellulite?

Methods to combat cellulite

Results after LPG massage

Some cosmetologists and specialists from individual companies producing cosmetological devices and preparations consider it as a pathological condition. In order to remove cellulite from the buttocks and other areas of the body, they recommend “destructive” agents and hardware techniques that are aimed at removing subcutaneous fat tissue or destroying it. Based on information about the reasons and general mechanism development of local estrogen-dependent lipodystrophy, it becomes clear that such methods of therapy are absolutely unacceptable.

The fight against cellulite must take into account the stages of its development and concomitant pathology. It consists in eliminating or limiting the influence of external factors, in complex application drugs and methods aimed at correcting impaired blood microcirculation, activating venous outflow and lymphatic drainage.

Combination of electric pulse influence with, etc.

So, cellulite, or local age-related estrogen-dependent, or gynoid lipodystrophy is not a pathological condition. It is a physiological feature of subcutaneous fatty tissue in the so-called estrogen-dependent areas of the body. It is precisely this approach to defining this cosmetic defect it is necessary to be guided in the choice of methods of its treatment and prevention.

Cellulite is one of the most common women's problems, which is associated with disruption of metabolic processes. What causes cellulite? Is pathology always associated with excess weight? How to eliminate tubercles on the hips and buttocks?

Cellulite is an accumulation of fat and toxic substances in the subcutaneous tissue, which appears on the skin in the form of irregularities and tubercles. “Orange peel” appears in women at any age; the disease is increasingly diagnosed in adolescents. The main cause of the pathology is a disruption in the process of fat breakdown, the body does not have time to destroy fat cells, they begin to be deposited, most often on the legs and butt.

Against the background of stagnant processes, fluid begins to accumulate in the intercellular space, collagen fibers lose their elasticity, nodules begin to form - swelling and lumpy skin occurs.

Cellulite is a purely female problem; only 6% of men develop bumps on the skin. This is due to the structural features of fat cells.

Why cellulite appears:

• reduction in quantity female hormones– they regulate fluid exchange in the body;
• Not balanced diet– excessive passion for fast food, sweet soda, salty, spicy and fried foods, instant coffee, alcohol;
• sedentary lifestyle - with flabby muscles, the likelihood of cellulite in girls increases several times;
• Smoking - nicotine constricts blood vessels, which causes circulatory problems.

“Orange peel” often appears in pregnant women, during menopause, and during adolescence - this is due to hormonal fluctuations. It is a mistake to think that cellulite appears only in overweight women, often pathology develops in thin people. The formation of tubercles is greatly influenced by the genetic factor - the low rate of fat burning is inherited. The habit of eating at night, frequent snacks, stress, overwork, sudden fluctuations in body weight - all this can cause the appearance of cellulite.

Cellulite is not an accumulation of excess fluid in the body. But by getting rid of puffiness, you can also reduce the appearance of “orange peel.” But this does not mean that you need to drink less - maintaining a drinking regime is the main rule for smooth and elastic skin.

What causes cellulite on the butt? Almost all tasty but harmful foods are deposited in the form of an “orange peel” on the buttocks. To get rid of it, with harmful products I'll have to say goodbye forever.

What causes cellulite on the legs - harmful foods:

1. Everything that contains fast carbohydrates– they instantly turn into fat and are deposited in fat cells – adipocytes.
2. Salty foods provoke fluid retention in the body. If too much water accumulates, it begins to transform into “orange peel.” The daily dose of salt should not exceed 5 g.
3. Sauces, canned food, sausages, shelf-stable products contain large quantities of preservatives, thickeners, and other harmful chemical compounds. The body perceives them as foreign objects and strives to get rid of them faster - some of these substances settle in fatty tissues, and bumps appear on the skin.
4. Dairy products with high content fat – digestive system an adult is not able to digest heavy animal fats in large quantities. Some part is not excreted from the body, but settles on the buttocks and thighs in the form of cellulite.
5. Sweet carbonated and alcoholic drinks, packaged juices, instant coffee, tea bags.

Processed and smoked cheeses, spicy dishes, fast food has nothing to do with healthy and proper nutrition. Bananas, melons and other fruits with a high sugar content can trigger the appearance of cellulite. There is no need to give them up at all, you just need to consume them in moderation, and in the first half of the day.

How to get rid of cellulite - sports and cosmetic procedures

If cellulite begins to appear, you need to fight it comprehensively - get rid of bad habits, review your diet, stop eating at night, drink more clean water.

Active lifestyle - the best remedy against the accumulation of fat on the buttocks and thighs, but not all sports will help get rid of it. Wait and affordable way get rid of lumpy skin by walking up the stairs. This simple exercise engages all the muscles in problem areas, improves blood supply, and activates metabolic processes. Yoga, swimming, bodyflex, step aerobics help in the fight against cellulite.

Cellulite - how to get rid of it with simple exercises:

1. Squats and half-squats - perform 3-4 sets of 12-15 exercises each at once. These exercises are the most effective for eliminating lumpy skin on the legs and helping to tighten the gluteal muscles.
2. Leg swings - the exercise can be performed standing or lying down, legs should be raised to the side. In this case, you need to feel how the muscles of the buttocks and thighs work.
3. Developing the oblique and rectus abdominal muscles with abdominal exercises in a lying position.
4. The plank on straight arms and legs will help improve the tone of all muscles.

Cellulite is not just a build-up of normal fat; it is virtually unburned during many regular workouts.

If cellulite begins to appear, you need to start constantly caring for the skin in problem areas - it eliminates bumps on the skin well honey massage, wraps with pepper, cinnamon, kelp.

Honey massage is easy to do at home - apply a little to problematic, cleansed areas of the skin. warm honey. Drive it in with patting movements for 10–15 minutes, moving from bottom to top. After the procedure, take a warm shower and apply a moisturizer with an anti-cellulite effect.

To get rid of lumpy skin, you need not only to eat healthy foods, but also to eat right. You need to eat 4-6 times a day, the last meal should be 2 hours before going to bed.

Key products to combat cellulite:

1. Raw almonds – effectively breaks down body fat, it is enough to use it twice a week.
2. Fresh pineapple - with regular consumption of 150 g of pulp per day, you can quickly eliminate lumpy skin.
3. Boiled eggs and steam omelet.
4. Citrus fruits - no more than 1 fruit per day.
5. Carrots, fresh herbs, bell peppers, any varieties of cabbage, green beans.
6. Dairy products with medium fat content - completely low-fat foods do not benefit the body.
7. Low-fat fish varieties.

To eliminate cellulite, you should definitely drink at least 2.5 liters of fluid per day - pure water still, unsweetened green tea, natural fruit drinks and red berry juices.

When cellulite appears, the question often arises of how to deal with it. The fighting methods are very simple - correct image life, balanced nutrition, regular skin care. Additionally, you should do hormonal tests and, if necessary, undergo treatment that will help normalize the production of female hormones.

Anna Mironova

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Considering that 90% of women after 16 years old face problems with changing their figure, almost everyone is familiar with the word “cellulite”. However, only a few know real reasons the appearance of this disease and the signs of its appearance. Therefore, today we will tell you how to recognize this disease and how to deal with it.

What is cellulite - photo; main causes of cellulite

"Orange peel"- this is also the name for cellulite, which is familiar to many women. Lumps, depressions, uneven skin on the thighs, buttocks, sometimes on the arms, abdomen and shoulders make many ladies feel complex about this. Why does once almost perfect skin become so unattractive? What is the reason for the appearance of “orange peel” and what is “cellulite”?

Let's look at the causes of cellulite:

• Genetic predisposition;
• Impaired blood supply;
• Hormonal disorders or natural changes hormonal levels (during pregnancy or puberty, menopause or the period of use of hormonal drugs);
• Poor nutrition;
• Sedentary lifestyle;
• Bad habits (smoking, eating large amounts of food before bedtime);
• Stress;
• Overweight.

But the alarm should be sounded only when you have clearly defined cellulite, which may indicate diseases of the subcutaneous fatty tissue. Indeed, from a medical point of view, “cellulite” is a change in the subcutaneous fat layer, which leads to improper, impaired blood circulation and then to education fat cell nodes , which will subsequently lead to tissue fibrosis - appearance of orange peel. Doctors believe that small manifestations of “orange peel” for adult woman- quite normal phenomenon, and it’s not worth fighting with him. But every woman should keep herself in good shape.

Additional causes of cellulite – foods that cause cellulite

If you are prone to the formation of cellulite, then already at its initial stage, take care of and refuse or minimize the consumption of foods that contribute to cellulite. Namely, eat more vegetables and fruits, which reduce the layer of subcutaneous fat. These are grapefruit, bananas, avocado, raspberries, blueberries, pear, watermelon . Will help in the fight for beautiful skin cabbage, bell pepper, green beans . As a result of consuming these products, your skin will become much smoother and more elastic. Of course, provided that you do not neglect physical exercise and give up bad habits.

: coffee, chocolate, sugar, alcohol. Mayonnaise, sausage, salt, beer, and candy also contribute to the formation of “orange peel.” Therefore, such products should be refuse or limit their use .

Try replacing coffee green tea , which will reduce appetite and remove toxins from the body. Instead of chocolate, cake or sweets, eat dried fruits (dried apricots, prunes) , which will help cope with hunger and replenish the body’s need for potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Replace sausage and fried meat with vegetable stew , boiled chicken breast or fishat steamed.

The first signs of cellulite – how not to miss the onset of cellulite?

To find out if you have initial stage cellulite or not, spend elementary test. To do this, squeeze the skin of your thigh with both hands and see if the characteristic "Orange peel" . If yes, then you have the initial stage of cellulite, when the development of this process can be stopped proper nutrition and sufficient physical activity.

If the sign of cellulite - "orange peel" - is present on the skin even without any compression, then you already have advanced stage of cellulite. First thing to do:

• Change your lifestyle (quit smoking, play sports, get good sleep);
• Take a therapeutic massage course , and use at home cold and hot shower using a massage brush.
• Buy proven cosmetics to combat cellulite or make them yourself: add 5-6 drops of pine essential oils to sea salt. Massage problem areas of the skin with this “scrub”.
• Take aroma baths. It is enough to add a few drops of citrus essential oil or tea tree and after some time you will notice how your skin rejuvenates.
• Fight depression, bad mood and stress. Scientists have already proven a close connection between the state of the immune system and the condition of the skin. Many celebrities do yoga to relieve stress. Find your own way to relieve emotional stress.

As you know, it is better to prevent a disease than to fight it for a long time and exhaustingly. So women, don't wait. sad consequences cellulite! Love yourself and take care of yourself today.

Do you work in the beauty industry?.

Massage for cellulite

2. Special anti-cellulite creams and gels with a warming or cooling effect or containing agents that fight cellulite. They are used in courses specified in the instructions for each product. Cellulite cream should be used after scrubbing or massage, then the product penetrates the skin better and the effect will be more pronounced.

3. You can make body masks from clay. It is best to use blue and black clay, as they are the most effective for cellulite. These anti-cellulite masks are suitable for both independent use, and for wrapping. Anti-cellulite clay is used in courses of 15-20 procedures every day or every other day.

4. You can use special mittens, washcloths and massage brushes for cellulite. They improve blood circulation in problem areas and are a good preventative against cellulite. These products are better for removing cellulite on the butt. They are used regularly.

5. Homemade cellulite wraps with ready-made anti-cellulite products or prepared at home. Performed in courses. You can see how the procedure is carried out in detail.

6. Cupping massage is performed using silicone cups, which can be purchased at the pharmacy. We apply rich cream, special massage products or, best of all, hot oil to the body. You can take any oil, for example base oil wheat sprouts, you can add a few drops of essential oils with an anti-cellulite effect. The oil is heated in a water bath. The technique is to gradual increase force, the can moves along the body along with the hand, without leaving the body. Please note that you need to use a lot of hot oil to ensure that the jar glides well. In this way, all problem areas are treated: buttocks, thighs, stomach, sides. The entire cupping massage takes approximately 30 minutes. Massage with cups for cellulite is carried out in courses of 10-15 procedures every day or every other day.

7. Massage for cellulite at home is very difficult and ineffective. The best choice is self-massage with honey. Honey is applied to problem areas and patting movements are performed, in which the hand with honey pulls the skin. Honey self-massage is performed in courses of 15-20 procedures every 1-2 days. Honey should be liquid without lumps.

8. There are many anti-cellulite massagers (vacuum, with spikes, rollers, with infrared radiation and current, etc.), which are designed for home use. The cellulite massager should be used according to the instructions.

9. You can purchase special ampoule preparations and a mesoscooter from a cosmetologist. The small needles of the mesoscooter injure the skin and allow the healing agents to penetrate deeper. The mesoscooter is passed over problem areas, first vertically, then horizontally and diagonally. The anti-cellulite mesoscooter is used in courses of 10-15 procedures 2-3 times a week. One mesoscooter is enough for 2-3 procedures; then it should be replaced, as it begins to “tear” and scratch the skin.

10. Don't forget about physical activity. Exercises against cellulite should be done regularly.

11. Foods that contribute to the formation of cellulite should be excluded from the diet. In addition, you can sometimes “sit” on an anti-cellulite diet. You can find out what foods cause cellulite.

How to properly use cellulite creams depending on the phase of the menstrual cycle

Women with a short menstrual cycle (21–25 days) are luckier than those with a longer one; they develop cellulite less often, and if it does appear, it progresses much more slowly. This fact has been scientifically proven.

All cellulite creams are divided into two types:

1. Venotonics (increase vascular tone, strengthen the vascular wall, normalize blood and lymph flow, reduce swelling). These include menthol, camphor, ascorutin, rutin, extract horse chestnut, green tea, escin, esculin, red grape extracts, vitamins K, geranium oil, juniper oil, arnica, Ussuri hop, cypress, fir.

2. Lipolitics (activate the processes of lipolysis, i.e. the breakdown of fats until fatty acids). These include 3–5% caffeine, L-carnitine, aminophylline, theophylline, silicon, xanthyl, guarana extract.

Besides this it may be mixed composition, which includes both lipolytics and venotonics.

In the first phase of the menstrual cycle, which lasts 12–14 days after the onset of menstruation, cellulite should be actively combated, because estrogens, a steroidal female sex hormone that ensures a good mood and promotes the release of fat, predominate in a woman’s body. Creams and/or wraps with lipolytics should be used.

In the second phase of the menstrual cycle, when ovulation has occurred, creams with venotonics should be used, since during this phase the hormone progesterone is actively produced, which promotes the accumulation of fat and fluid retention. You can use pharmaceutical creams against varicose veins instead of anti-cellulite creams with venotonics. It is good to perform a drainage massage at this stage.
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VeronikaX_83 /

Cellulite is one of the most serious problems for women who are concerned about maintaining their body perfect shape. The problem is the formation of a prominent subcutaneous layer, which is often called the “orange peel.” There are quite a few effective ways to eliminate troubles, starting with application pharmacological drugs, traditional medicine, and ending with physiotherapy.

Let's find out - what is cellulite? What factors cause the problem? What are the preventive measures aimed at preventing the development of cellulite? All this, as well as the causes and treatment of cellulite, will be discussed further in our article.

General information

Cellulite - what is it? This definition should be understood as the local proliferation of fat cells, as well as the occurrence structural damage in subcutaneous tissue. During the formation of pathology healthy cells refuse to be freed from the products of their vital activity. Instead, fatty deposits accumulate in them. Moreover, the cells begin to absorb other substances, in particular, toxins, liquids, and all kinds of waste. Thus, rapid growth of connective tissue is observed in problem areas of the body. Such connections begin to protrude from the subcutaneous layer in the form of specific tubercles. It is noteworthy that such external manifestations of cellulite can occur even with a minimal amount of fat deposits. Although if available overweight The “orange peel” is much more pronounced.

A brief excursion into history

Cellulite on the thighs and buttocks is not a modern problem. From time immemorial, the phenomenon has been characteristic of women of different ages and social status. This is evidenced by the paintings of such outstanding artists of bygone eras as Titian, Rubens, Rembrandt. It was they who depicted women in their paintings, on whose bodies they carefully painted out all sorts of dimples, pads and bulges characteristic of cellulite. These painters treated the problem condescendingly, since the presence of “orange peel” in problem areas was not considered something shameful at that time.

Around the middle of the second half of the 20th century, new ideals of female beauty were formed. Ladies with a fit, slender figure began to be considered attractive. Naturally, the presence of raised areas on the skin of the thighs and buttocks began to be considered as a physical defect.

In the 60s a real idol young girls became the British model Twiggy, who was one of the first to wear miniskirts. The beauty had a thin figure and long, slender legs. With a height of 175 centimeters, she weighed some 45 kg. It is not surprising that with such parameters there simply could not be any cellulite on the model’s hips and buttocks. Imitating Twiggy, many women around the world exhausted themselves with diets and exercise. However, most have not been able to eliminate the characteristic “orange peel” in problem areas. After all, often the reasons for the presence of subcutaneous irregularities were far from being overweight.

What it is - cellulite - the public learned in 1976, when a beauty salon owner from the United States named Nicole Ronsard wrote one remarkable article. In her analytical material, the woman tried to reveal the whole essence of the problem. From that moment on, the concept of a “special” disease characteristic of the fair half of humanity arose. This has led to the emergence of a whole host of procedures aimed at combating the “orange peel” on the thighs and buttocks. Soon the phenomenon became known as one of the most pressing women's problems. It was then that the process of formation of a textured subcutaneous layer began to be called cellulite.

Is cellulite a disease?

IN medical practice the phenomenon is known under the definition However, cellulite is still not recognized as a disease. This fact can be confirmed by the fact that in international classification ailments there is not a single mention of such diagnoses from practicing doctors. For this reason, cellulite is usually considered solely as a cosmetic defect.

It is worth noting that the problem is widespread among millions of women around the globe. Quite often, experts speak of the phenomenon as a secondary sexual characteristic, characteristic of the fairer sex. But cellulite is not officially recognized as such in medicine.

The mechanism of cellulite formation

The following pathological changes in the body lead to the problem:

• The breakdown of fats at the cellular level slows down.
• The elasticity of the partitions decreases
• Pressure increases in the tissues of the body, resulting in the appearance of all kinds of bumps and nodules visible under the skin.
• Infringement of blood vessels also occurs, which is reflected in deterioration of blood circulation, insufficient saturation of tissues with oxygen and nutrients.

Causes

Cellulite - what is it? The main reason The development of pathology is caused by hormonal imbalances in the body. This is caused by deterioration of the thyroid gland and slowing down of ovarian function. The main significance here begins to be played not by the amount of hormones that enter the blood and spread throughout the body, but by the change in individual sensitivity to their effects on the part of connective and adipose tissue.

To a large extent, the formation of cellulite is influenced by poor heredity. There is also a racial factor here. According to statistics, in comparison, Caucasian girls suffer from the formation of a bumpy subcutaneous mesh much less often than black ladies and Asian women. In Latin women, cellulite can form only on the buttocks, but does not affect other parts of the body, such as the abdomen.

The cause of the problem is also non-compliance with a healthy diet. In particular, a deficiency in the diet of foods rich in fiber leads to deterioration of blood flow in the buttocks and thighs. The lack of fluid in the body is reflected in the slowdown in the disposal of tissues from waste substances that are formed as a result metabolic processes.

Lack of physical activity contributes to the development of cellulite. sedentary lifestyle life. With insufficient loads, the outflow of lymph from body tissues slows down, and organs begin to suffer from a lack of oxygen and nutrients. Decreased activity ultimately causes excess weight. The manifestations of cellulite become more pronounced.

An additional factor is stress. Nervous irritability causes active release of adrenaline and norepinephrine into the blood. Excessive concentration such substances lead to spasm of the blood ducts. Against this background, stagnant processes in tissues are observed.

Stages of cellulite development

There are several stages of problem formation:

1. At first skin there are no obvious defects on the hips and buttocks. Here only slight swelling of mild severity is observed. The subcutaneous tissue remains soft and elastic to the touch. However, all kinds of damage in the form of bruises, abrasions and hematomas begin to disappear much more slowly than when they appear on other parts of the body. Such manifestations are the first evidence of deterioration in blood circulation, accumulation of lymph, and other substances in fat cells.
2. At the second stage, the appearance of a mildly lumpy skin effect is noted. When pressure is applied to the tissue, small swellings form. During palpation of the skin, it is felt that the fat deposits have become harder. All this is due to a deterioration in the outflow of lymph from tissues. If you do not resort to preventive measures during this period, the likelihood of an increase in the volume of connective tissue partitions increases. This entails the appearance of a bumpy surface visible to the naked eye.
3. The third stage is characterized by the formation of a distinct "orange peel" appearance. If pressure is applied to the skin, the irregularities begin to appear more noticeably. This is due to the growth of fibrous formations that create various pits and depressions. On the contrary, tubercles appear in places where fatty deposits accumulate. At this stage, blood circulation in problem areas deteriorates significantly and metabolic processes slow down. The skin in cellulite areas becomes pale and its surface becomes dry. Here hematomas form in random order. Connective tissue forms a cellular network.
4. On the fourth, it is noticeable even when the muscles are in a relaxed state. Attempts to fold the skin into folds cause severe discomfort. When palpating the tissues, various nodules of neoplasms can be clearly distinguished. Ultimately, the problem may develop pain syndrome, which is caused by compression of nerve endings. Without appropriate treatment, the textured network begins to spread to neighboring areas of the body.

So we looked at what leads to the development of cellulite, what factors contribute to the problem. Further in our material we would like to pay attention to effective methods of therapy.

Cupping massage for cellulite

So. Massage procedures are one of the most effective solutions to eliminate the so-called “orange peel”. To improve the results of such an effect on tissue, it is recommended to use special anti-cellulite jars made from fairly dense, but elastic material. The use of the product creates an imitation of all kinds of kneading effects that allow you to quickly burn fat deposits. The difference is that during the procedures the massage therapist pulls the skin with his fingers, and anti-cellulite jars work on the vacuum principle.

This solution has the following advantages:

• Massage with cups for cellulite is a simple, inexpensive and widely available method.
• It goes to procedures minimal amount time.
• To carry out the therapy, no special preparation is required, just a few jars and oil that moisturizes the skin.
• After the massage there are no bruises or other noticeable defects on the surface of the skin.

Rubbing tissues with a massage brush

Further. Feel positive effect A cellulite brush can help. It is necessary to work on problem areas using a scrub. Finally, you should take a shower. If desired, you can repeat the procedure an unlimited number of times. The main thing is that applying this method to problem areas does not cause damage to deep tissues and does not irritate the skin. How effective is this solution in eliminating cellulite? Reviews from women who regularly resort to such activities indicate that the “orange peel” begins to gradually dissolve over several months.

Wraps

And that's not it. How to perform cellulite wrap at home? For these purposes, you need to resort to the use of healing mud, creams and special compositions based on salt concentrates. They will also help essential oils, seaweed extracts, extracts from medicinal plants. Wraps using these substances help active stimulation blood circulation, lymph outflow from body tissues, breakdown of fat deposits, stabilization of metabolic processes in the body.

Performing a massage manually

Another option. How effective is massage for cellulite at home? Reviews from experts show that the procedure is an excellent solution for improving lymphatic drainage. Stimulation of tissue in problem areas makes it possible to break up fat capsules, remove stagnant fluid and various toxins from cells. Moreover, massage against cellulite at home allows you to strengthen local immunity.

However, there are some contraindications here. Thus, resorting to massage procedures in order to eliminate the “orange peel” effect is not recommended for girls who suffer from pathologies of the pelvic organs or have skin diseases. Therefore, before taking specific actions, you should once again consult with a specialist.

Vacuum massage

What else? Vacuum massage for cellulite is performed using a special unit that absorbs the surface layers of tissue and has a powerful effect on fat capsules, loosening hard deposits. Such operations are performed painlessly. Using the device has a positive effect on skin texture. Under the influence of the device, fat capsules characteristic of cellulite are actively broken down. The outflow of lymph from the tissues gradually improves, they are saturated with oxygen, and swelling is relieved.

Mesotherapy

The essence of the procedure is injection pharmacological drugs into the subcutaneous layer. The active substances in their composition eliminate swelling, improve lymph flow, and strengthen blood vessels. The result is the activation of the synthesis of elastin and collagen fibers, which allows the tissue structure to be normalized.

Electrolipolysis

Surprisingly, few people still know about this. How to quickly eliminate cellulite? Reviews of a method such as electrolipolysis indicate its highest potential in solving the problem in the most short time. The procedure is based on stimulation of the body in problem areas with minor discharges electric current variable frequency. Voltage is applied to the tissue by connecting electrodes. During such events, an electromagnetic field is formed, due to which blood flow is activated. Stagnant lymph begins to move, which causes gradual resorption of fat cells and a decrease in body weight.

The duration of therapy with electrolipolysis depends on the stage of cellulite. In most cases, 15-20 procedures over several months are sufficient to achieve noticeable results. An excellent addition to this solution would be a massage.

Hydrotherapy

When cellulite is noticeable on the legs, how to get rid of it at home? Treatment with this will help water procedures. Most effective methods Here you will find: contrast douches, salt baths, hydromassage. All these activities improve metabolism, help rid tissues of stagnant lymph, perfectly tone the body and strengthen immune system. Gradually, the muscles are toned and the condition of the skin improves.

Folk remedies

If cellulite has formed on the butt, how to get rid of it at home? This will help whole line traditional medicine used externally:

• Oils of plant origin based on wheat germ, primrose, shea tree, sage (used for massage treatments manually, with cans or brushes).
• Plant extracts that stimulate the outflow of stagnant fluids from tissues: ivy, lotus, grapefruit, arnica, lingonberry, horsetail.
• Substances with the ability to break down fat deposits: menthol, guarana extract, capsaicin, mate tea, caffeine.
• Honey - when used externally during a massage, promotes the outflow of fluids from tissues, removes toxins, and nourishes the skin with beneficial substances.

Surgery

If you wish, you can remove cellulite on your legs at home. However, this will take a lot of time. It is much easier to resort to surgical intervention. In this case, liposuction of fat deposits is performed. The procedure makes it possible not only to reduce body weight, but also to correct body contours and achieve the desired proportions.

It is important to consider that it is absolutely not recommended for thin women to decide on liposuction. Even if they have cellulite in a pronounced form. Moreover, the procedure is carried out only on late stages such a pathology. Be that as it may, before the operation it is necessary to make an appointment with an endocrinologist. After all, as a result hormonal imbalances the risk of fat deposits appearing in unusual areas of the body increases.

Prevention

To never have to worry about the question of how to remove cellulite at home, it is enough to resort to certain measures. For these purposes, it is worth considering the following.

Of primary importance is the competent formation of a daily diet. Girls prone to developing cellulite are advised to avoid drinking carbonated drinks. Also prohibited are confectionery, semi-finished products, fast food, fried and smoked food. The abundance of carbohydrates contained in such products is quickly absorbed by the body, but is not converted into energy. Instead, they are deposited in the form of subcutaneous fat. It is better to give preference to raw foods or dishes whose ingredients have undergone mild heat treatment.

Addiction to alcohol and smoking can affect the development of cellulite. Thus, nicotine leads to spasm of blood vessels, and also acts as a substance that has a destructive effect on ascorbic acid. In turn, alcohol consumption negatively affects the functioning of a number of organs and systems. Therefore, in terms of preventing cellulite, it is important to stop using such substances.

A special role is played by regular physical activity. Passion for physical education minimizes the likelihood of “orange peel” formation on the hips and buttocks. It is extremely useful in this regard to engage in fitness, race walking, running, swimming, cycling.

Avoiding the problem will help you avoid wearing tight and uncomfortable clothing. It's about, first of all, about underwear that compresses the body, things that slim the figure. Avoiding skinny jeans, high-heeled shoes, and clothing made from synthetic fabrics will help reduce the risk of developing cellulite.

It is no secret that many pathologies are formed on nervous soil. Naturally, finding a direct relationship between the appearance of cellulite and emotional irritability is quite difficult. However, to understand how important this point is, you need to look at the factors that provoke the problem. Thus, stressful conditions often force women to consume an abundance of sweets, and this directly affects the appearance of excess weight. Moreover, the consequences of moral shocks include smoking, drinking alcohol, various disorders sleep. Therefore, in order to prevent cellulite, you need to find time for rest and relaxation.