Varicose veins (varicose veins). Causes, risk factors, diagnosis, effective treatment of the disease

- a pathological process, which is characterized by an increase in the lumen of the vessels that provide blood outflow, thinning of their walls and deformation up to the formation of nodes and ruptures. By anatomical reasons the disease is most often found in the veins lower extremities.

External signs of varicose veins are not an exclusively aesthetic problem: vascular "asterisks", protruding veins of a dark shade are only symptoms of circulatory disorders that are fraught with consequences that are dangerous to health and life.

The mechanism of development of varicose veins is associated with a decrease in the functionality of venous valves. They are subject to high mechanical loads, therefore, under the action genetic factors, hormonal surges, inflammation in the tissues of the lower extremities and stress, weaken and do not interfere with the reverse flow of blood. Inflammation occurs on the background congestion associated with high blood viscosity, or prolonged standing or sitting.

The pressure of an excess volume of blood on the walls of the veins deforms them, depriving the functionality of the muscular and nervous venous wall, which ensure its stable tone. Stagnation of blood, overstretching of blood vessels and inflammation of their walls often lead to the formation of accumulations of blood cells that block the lumen of the veins.

Varicose veins in the legs are thus not a superficial problem associated with mechanical damage subcutaneous vessel or temporary phenomena, but a deeper circulatory disorder that has developed in a patient prone to the disease under the influence of risk factors.

Drug therapy of the disease is aimed at:

toning of the walls of blood vessels;
removal of inflammation;
blood thinning;
preventing the formation of blood clots.

In the absence of adequate treatment, what is dangerous for varicose veins of the lower extremities can become a reality for each of the patients with this disease.

In 80% of cases, women suffer from varicose veins in the legs. The main thing that varicose veins on the legs in women is dangerous is the probability early development diseases due to hormonal surges during puberty or pregnancy. During gestation, only gentle therapy is possible, which does not teratogenic effect. Additional load on the legs, lack of intensive treatment and stress during attempts can stimulate the aggravation of the disease.

What threatens varicose veins?

As a rule, thrombophlebitis and other dangerous consequences of varicose veins occur at the 3rd stage. Symptoms of late stages of vascular insufficiency:

constant heaviness in the legs;
puffiness;
darkening of the skin around the ankles.

Circulatory disorders in the extremities provoke dermatitis, eczema, skin inflammation.

Telangiectasia is the least dangerous consequence venous insufficiency. The condition is characterized by the appearance of vascular "nets" and "asterisks", which are accompanied by edema, leg fatigue, regular occurrence of numbness and night cramps in the calves. Aesthetic defect is one of the reasons why women are more likely to turn to early stages varicose veins. In an effort to keep the legs beautiful, the patients take care of their health.

Subcutaneous bleeding and ruptured veins

Thrombophlebitis - thrombosis against the background of inflammation of the venous wall and stagnation of blood in the dilated vessel. The developed disease is characterized by thickening and soreness of palpation (palpation) of the affected vessel, as well as reddening of the skin around the thrombus. Thrombophlebitis develops in approximately 25% of patients diagnosed with varicose veins. blood clots located in superficial veins low hazard separation with harm to health, however, if a thrombus moves along a subcutaneous or perforated vessel, immediate hospitalization is necessary.

Much more dangerous than varicose veins and thrombophlebitis. Blood clots formed in the deep vessels of the lower extremities are capable of detachment and blockage pulmonary artery, which leads to lethal outcome. Characteristic symptoms deep vein thrombosis - severe swelling limbs arising from a short time, and a sharp arching pain in the calf or femoral muscle. Spreading pathological process on the deep vessels of the lower extremities can be observed on late stages varicose veins.

A trophic ulcer is a deep defect in the dermis, which is formed in the later stages due to impaired blood flow in the surface layers skin. It is a long healing painful wound that is difficult to treat.

Varicose veins of the lower extremities are among the risk factors for the development similar pathology in other vessels of the pelvic organs of men and women.

Therapeutic measures against the effects of varicose veins

Treatment of complications varicose veins leg veins usually begin with drug therapy primary disease.

To reduce the deformation of blood vessels that expand due to a decrease in tone, they are prescribed on the basis of hesperidin, diosmin, esculin, etc. active components. Trade names drugs:

In case of inflammation of the venous walls, drugs from the group of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are prescribed - Indomethacin, Diclofenac, etc. - in the form of tablets and gels. Oral administration of NSAIDs is recommended for thrombophlebitis.

The decrease in blood viscosity is achieved by local application ointments with anticoagulant components (for example, heparin ointment or cream Hepatrombin G) and oral intake derivatives of rutin and methylxanthine, which have antiaggregant properties (for example, drugs Ascorutin, Troxevasin, Trental).

Superficial manifestations of varicose veins in the legs (including telangiectasia) are eliminated by sclerotherapy (gluing the walls of the affected vessel with a special drug). The procedure does not cause significant harm to health and does not disrupt blood flow, because. for the period of rehabilitation, the functions of superficial veins pass to deep vessels.

For deep vein thrombosis, bed rest, intravenous administration anticoagulants (heparin, traxiparin) and antiplatelet agents (methylxanthine) with blood viscosity control. Surgical treatment for deep vessel thrombosis and thrombophlebitis (including large saphenous vein) is shown if there exists high risk blockage of the pulmonary artery.

Treatment of trophic ulcers is aimed at stimulating wound healing and treating the primary disease.

Preventive actions

Includes such measures:

physiotherapy;
exception long sitting and standing;
a choice of shoes with a heel from 2.5 to 6 cm;
enrichment of the diet with fiber and sources of vitamins B1, C, E and P;

compliance with the water norm (2.5 l);
contrast water procedures;
rejection hormonal contraceptives(impact of COCs on female body includes an increased risk of thrombosis);
folk methods (compresses, baths, etc.).

Early diagnosis of varicose veins, timely adequate treatment and reduction of the influence of risk factors prevents the development of complications of the disease. Application of minimally invasive surgical methods in some cases eliminates not only aesthetic problems, but also the likelihood of aggravation of the pathological process.

Varicose veins of the lower extremities are quite serious illness requiring special attention. Available certain contraindications with varicose veins, which should be taken into account in order to prevent the progression of the disease. In this article, we will consider what cannot be done in case of vein disease, what physical activities are allowed, and whether shugaring of the legs is acceptable.

General contraindications

Available various contraindications with varicose veins, which are associated with the stage of the disease. So that the disease does not change familiar image life, you should seek the advice of a specialist and follow simple recommendations. The following are general contraindications with varicose veins not on the legs:

Often people wonder if it is possible to play sports with varicose veins of the lower extremities. There is no definitive answer to this question because some physical exercise can reduce symptoms, while others will aggravate the situation. Therefore, in order to benefit your vessels, you need to choose the right type of training.

Sports and varicose veins

What sports are allowed:

The types of activities allowed with some restrictions include:

With varicose veins, you can not engage in professional sports, since training with an increased load will lead to the progression of the disease.

Shugaring procedure

Today, shugaring is common among women as a method of depilation. Accordingly, there are many doubts whether shugaring and varicose veins are compatible. To answer this question, you need to understand what shugaring is.

This procedure is carried out with hot sugar sticking to skin. After that, the mixture is literally torn off with hairs.

Naturally, the veins react negatively to this procedure: firstly, the hot paste begins to warm the diseased vessels, and secondly, sharp manipulations are dangerous for sore legs.

Doctors say that shugaring, carried out by specialists, is appropriate only for initial stage diseases. With a pronounced expansion of the veins, shugaring is prohibited.

Use of birth control pills

IN modern world contraceptives are available in a wide variety.

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However, this issue should be approached with caution, since hormonal pills considered quite dangerous. Taking birth control pills with hormones, a woman simultaneously increases her hormonal level which can lead to thrombosis.

A similar effect can be provoked not only oral preparations, but also any contraceptives containing hormones, even in small quantities. Before you start taking drugs, you need to consult a doctor to select a contraceptive.

Water procedures

Water procedures are widely used for varicose veins, but in order not to harm your veins, you need to take into account different nuances.

Especially useful in this disease cold and hot shower, it will help strengthen the walls of blood vessels, increase blood flow and tone.

Charcot's shower operates on the same principle with varicose veins, the main difference lies in the high pressure, which has a beneficial effect on the vascular walls. It is forbidden to warm the feet in hot water because there is a strong rush of blood to the affected veins.

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Bath and varicose veins

Bath and varicose veins are quite compatible things at the initial stage of the disease. Visiting the bath, it is forbidden to bathe and warm the legs with exacerbated varicose veins. And with a beginning disease, a bath can only bring benefits and significantly alleviate the condition.

However, it must be remembered that it is forbidden to bathe for more than 5 minutes.

After visiting the steam room, you need to take a contrast shower, you should drink a little garlic juice It will help flush out toxins. It is also good to make linden tea to increase perspiration.

Varicose veins - pathology of veins in the limbs and in the pelvic area. With a sharp inflow and a slow outflow of blood, the vessels expand greatly and protrude under the skin, forming a noticeable mesh. Constant drops in blood pressure provoke hupkost and deformation of the venous walls.

There are large painful nodes, thrombosis and trophic ulcers. The patient experiences pain and heaviness, the legs cramp. Blood stasis causes the most severe complications up to tissue necrosis and complete vascular obstruction.

There are many reasons for varicose veins of the lower extremities.

The disease may occur due to hereditary predisposition, malnutrition, bad habits, overvoltage, injuries.

To exclude the development of the disease and prevent complications will help timely detection provoking factors.

that which is harmless to healthy person, can bring a lot of trouble to phlebologist patients.

With varicose veins on the legs, it is necessary to pay special attention to nutrition, daily routine, degree physical activity. Mandatory item - complete failure from bad habits. If an already existing varicose vein or a predisposition to it is detected, it is necessary to exclude any alcoholic beverages from the diet, including beer, low-alcohol cocktails and energy drinks.

Ethyl alcohol causes the vessels to expand greatly, which is detrimental to already deformed veins. Alcohol delays the outflow of lymph, causing swelling, especially dangerous for varicose veins.

Quitting smoking is equally important. Nicotine, tobacco tar and combustion products make the vessels fragile and brittle, the blood thickens, the risk of adhesions and blood clots increases. The ban applies not only to regular cigarettes and cigarettes, but also on their electronic counterparts, pipes, hookahs, chewing and snuff. It is advisable to avoid passive smoking.

Patients with varicose veins should avoid overload. It is forbidden to lift a load heavier than 5 kilograms. For shopping trips, it is worth getting a grocery cart.

Dietary restrictions

For successful fight with varicose veins and the prevention of exacerbations, it is important to carefully follow the diet prescribed by the doctor.

With the expansion of the veins will have to give up:

Foods that increase blood viscosity and provoke thrombosis are removed from the diet. It is necessary to limit the amount of salt and sugar, as well as various harmful artificial additives: dyes, thickeners, preservatives, flavor enhancers.

total calories daily ration should not exceed 2500 kilocalories for men and 2000 kilocalories for women. The exact calculation of the calorie content of the diet depends on the height, age, degree of physical activity of the patient.

Overweight and obesity give additional load on the vessels, impair blood flow and provoke the development of varicose veins. If the patient suffers from excessive fullness, he needs special diet or even fasting under the guidance of a specialist.

Features of the daily routine

Important for chronic varicose veins good rest. Patients will have to give up:

night shifts;
tedious "hands-on";
prolonged standing during the working day.

For normal functioning century it is important to get enough sleep rest frequently (preferably lying down), every 2 hours do some stretching or go for a walk.

Particular attention to the state of health should be paid to hairdressers, bartenders, sellers and other people who are forced to stand for several hours.

With varicose veins, you will have to abandon some of the usual hygiene procedures. Any manipulation with steam, excessively hot or extremely cold water will not work.

People with damaged veins are categorically contraindicated:

hot baths and showers;
bath and sauna;
cryosauna;
winter swimming and swimming in the hole;
some types of foot massage (can, honey, hardware).

For problems with veins, it is necessary to refuse uncomfortable shoes. Shoes and boots with high and thin heels, unstable mules with an open heel, in which it is difficult to maintain balance, fall under the ban. Too tight trousers, tight tights and stockings that tighten the legs are excluded from the women's wardrobe.

It is advisable not to wear synthetic knitwear, which does not stretch well and does not allow the skin to breathe freely. The top list also includes rubber shoes, which provoke swelling and stagnation of blood in the legs.

Varicose veins and sports: contraindications

Very important point- physical activity.

With varicose veins, both overloads and sedentary image life.

Therefore, a logical question arises: what exercises are contraindicated for varicose veins?

The ideal option is balanced physical activity.

Phlebologist's patients suitable for walking, light jogging, swimming, Nordic walking. The list of contraindications is much longer.

Going to fitness should be abandoned:

long distance running;
long jump or high jump;
jumping rope;
high impact aerobics;
classes on the step platform;
exercises with kettlebells or barbells;
long runs on the treadmill.

When practicing in gym it is worth giving preference to exercises on the bench that develop the back, arms and press, classes on a stepper or exercise bike. It is advisable to perform movements under the guidance of an experienced trainer who will help coordinate the loads.

More detailed information from training in the gym is presented in the following video:

WITH special attention you need to approach squats and exercises that require increased load on the legs. For people involved in dancing, more suitable calm options, for example, Latin American, bellydance or flamenco. From break dancing or Irish dancing with big amount jumps will have to be abandoned.

Exist contraindications with varicose veins on the legs and for amateur athletes.

Classes that cause a strong rush of blood to the limbs, drops are contraindicated blood pressure, increased load to the lower limbs.

At the initial stage of varicose veins are allowed team games, but with the development of the disease and the formation of painful nodes, it is better to refuse them. Any injury to the leg can aggravate the development of the disease and lead to unpleasant consequences.

What else would you like to add?

Some methods of treating varicose veins can worsen the patient's condition. Before resorting to them, you need to familiarize yourself with complete list contraindications. Treatment with leeches (hirudotherapy) improves blood flow, promotes the elimination of toxins, and strengthens the venous walls.

However, this type of therapy absolutely excluded when:

diseases associated with reduced coagulability blood;
pregnancy;
malignant tumors;
autoimmune diseases;
diabetes mellitus and other chronic ailments;
reduced blood pressure.

Another one A popular procedure in the treatment of varicose veins is pressure therapy. It accelerates the outflow of blood and lymph, tones blood vessels, prevents fragility of capillaries and the appearance of a noticeable venous network on the calves and thighs.

However, pressotherapy also has contraindications for varicose veins.

It is absolutely not suitable for:

oncological diseases;
phlebitis;
previously transferred operations on the vessels;
the presence of viral infections;
increased fragility of blood vessels;
hemophilia.

Varicose veins are an unpleasant ailment that is quite treatable. Compliance with all the doctor's instructions and the exclusion of provoking factors from the patient's life will help to achieve success and prevent complications.

Considering everything possible contraindications, you can significantly improve your well-being and, as a result, achieve complete healing.

Good day, dear readers!

In this article, we will take a look at this unpleasant disease lower limbs as phlebeurysm, as well as his causes, symptoms and treatment of varicose veins, both traditional and folk remedies.

What is varicose veins for ordinary person? This is fatigue in the legs, possibly with some swelling, cyanosis, sometimes dark cobwebs of veins. Consider what kind of disease with medical point vision...

Varicose veins (varicose veins)- expansion and lengthening of veins (vessels, carrying blood to the heart) of the lower extremities with thinning of the venous wall and the formation of nodes from them. Nodules are formed as a result of the pathology of the venous walls, as well as the insufficiency of their valves, due to a genetic defect.

Varicose veins appear when the venous pressure increases.

Varicose veins happen:

- lower limbs;
- stomach and esophagus;
- small pelvis;
- Testis and spermatic cord.

The most common place for the manifestation of the disease is varicose veins of the lower extremities, which will be discussed today.

Today, varicose veins are one of the most common diseases that affects every 3 women and every 10 men. Statisticians note that most often this disease begins in young age- 30-40 years old.

The main causes of varicose veins:

lifestyle or work associated with heavy physical activity, prolonged stay in one position (standing or sitting) or constantly heat environment;
- a significant increase in body weight;
— hereditary predisposition;
— hormonal influence(pregnancy and hormone therapy).

Secondary causes of varicose veins

Obstruction in the outflow of blood through the veins. Such obstacles can be: a blood clot, uterus, tumor.

Procedures for diagnosing varicose veins: or phlebography.

How to treat varicose veins? This question is answered by the doctor after the diagnosis. After all, only a correct diagnosis increases positive result treatment of varicose veins.

In turn, the attending physician may prescribe the following treatment options:

— drug treatment varicose veins (cream, ointment, tablets);
- a set of procedures, depending on the symptoms and the stage of development of the disease (below in the article);
— surgery(removal of affected veins).

Remedies for varicose veins

Ointments and creams for varicose veins

They act like prophylactic And How auxiliary way treatment of the disease in the early stages. They are helping:

- reduce pain;
- reduce swelling;
— to improve the activity of the valve system;
- increase the tone of the vascular walls;
- restore normal blood flow;
- to prevent the development of complications.

"Troxevasin". Contains active substance troxerutin, which normalizes the work circulatory system. Relieves inflammation, reduces the fragility of capillaries, has venotonic properties, relieves swelling.

"Detralex". Successfully fights against stagnation of blood in the veins, narrows dilated vessels, increases lymph flow and fluid outflow.

"Rutin". strengthens the walls of blood vessels, relieves inflammation, reduces swelling, relieves convulsions, prevents the appearance of trophic ulcers.

"Aescin". Contains seeds horse chestnut. Reduces vascular permeability, reduces the number of stars, improves tone, relieves inflammation, reduces swelling, reduces blood clotting and improves microcirculation.

"Venoruton". Contains oxerutin, which restores the functioning of the circulatory system. Removes inflammatory processes. Does not allow the appearance of blood clots.

Tablets for varicose veins

Tablets are prescribed in the case when the localization of the disease does not allow the application of drugs topically or as part of a complex therapy for varicose veins. They are helping:

- improve vascular tone;
- take off inflammatory process;
- accelerate blood flow and lymph flow;
- eliminate microcirculatory disorders.

Venarus. Increases tone vascular wall, reduces its extensibility, permeability, brittleness capillary network, significantly reduces venous congestion, relieves inflammation, protects the walls of blood vessels from aggressive free radicals.

"Anavenol". Reduces the permeability of the vascular wall, improves microcirculation, dilates arterioles, increases the tone of the veins, improves peripheral circulation.

"Aescusan". It has anti-inflammatory and tonic properties, increases the strength of the vascular wall, prevents capillary fragility, swelling and blood stasis, eliminates swelling, accelerates the healing process various bodies and tissues, helps relieve fatigue, heaviness in the legs, tension, itching and pain.

"Venoruton 300". It has a decongestant, analgesic, anticonvulsant effect and leads to the normalization of microcirculation, eliminating trophic disorders and varicose ulcers.

"Angistax". Increases vascular elasticity, normalizes vascular permeability, slows down the formation of edema and reduces existing edema.

Procedures for the treatment of varicose veins

Endovasal laser coagulation . The doctor acts on the diseased vessel with a laser and the stars disappear. Held under local anesthesia. After a couple of weeks, there are no reminders of the procedure on the skin. It is used to treat varicose veins in the initial stages.

Sclerotherapy. Substances are injected into the problem vein with a syringe, and the affected vein sticks together from the inside and stops working, and blood begins to flow through healthy veins. This procedure not suitable for everyone. It is assigned only if the nodes are not very large.

Ozone therapy. Ozone is injected with a small needle into the lumen of the vessel and causes it to stick together. To achieve a visible effect, just a few procedures are enough. It is used to eliminate spider veins.

Phlebectomy. Surgical intervention, in which the affected veins are simply removed. The next day after the operation, you can go home, but for at least another month you need to wear special tights or bandage your leg with an elastic bandage.

In the treatment of varicose veins, it is recommended to use physiotherapy exercises and medical knitwear.

Therapeutic exercises for varicose veins. It will help relieve heaviness in the legs, normalize blood circulation and eliminate venous blood stasis.

Movement is life. If you have a sedentary job, then try to walk every day. Cycling and swimming are also recommended. But running can adversely affect the condition of the veins and the well-being of a person.

Varicose veins of the deep veins of the lower extremities most often develop in people who are engaged in sedentary work after 40 years. The development of varicose veins is associated with a loss of elasticity of the venous valves. As a result of stretching of the valves, the direction of the blood flow is disturbed and stagnation of blood in the veins is possible. In addition to impaired blood flow, varicose veins cause concomitant diseases. This is thrombosis, narrowing of the inner diameter of the veins, phlebitis, the development of arteriosclerosis.

Symptoms of deep varicose veins of the lower extremities - heaviness in the legs, pulling pain V calf muscles, change in gait to a heavier one, lifting on the foot during walking is less pronounced. The gait becomes elephantine because the movement of the foot and the high instep of the leg cause severe drawing pain.

Be sure to pay attention if the legs hurt, as after a heavy load, but without a load.

If the pain in the legs does not go away for several days, this definitely signals problems with the vessels. With edema, a feeling of heaviness in the legs, cramps during sleep, it is urgent to consult a doctor and start treatment. You should not limit yourself to ointments and gels “from tired legs”, no matter what miracles advertising promises. Need to complex treatment the entire cardiovascular system.

Diagnosing deep vein problems

Varicose veins of deep veins are quite difficult to recognize at an early stage. External veins located under the skin begin to protrude and deform, which is noticeable to the eye. The first symptoms of varicose veins - spider veins on the skin, then the veins of the veins become visible. Painful sensations from varicose veins appear only with a strong expansion, when the veins are no longer able to independently return to normal volume and begin to protrude above the skin.

In severe cases, varicose veins appear in swollen clusters and may even be visible under clothing. For the tone of the veins, it is recommended to wear it, which does not allow the veins to swell greatly. In combination with special medications and venotonic agents, this can cause swollen blood vessels to return to normal sizes and restore elasticity.

Deep veins surrounded on all sides muscle tissue, their deformation can only be seen on ultrasound. It is impossible to visually recognize the danger and start taking appropriate medications.

Undoubtedly, deep veins are better protected due to the location inside the arrays of muscles that perform compression functions. Varicose veins are primarily affected by external veins that do not have such support. As a result, more difficult diagnosis, the treatment of varicose veins of the deep veins of the lower extremities is much more difficult.

Treatment of deep vein varicose veins of the lower extremities

Unfortunately, deep vein varicose veins are already advanced disease. At the initial stage, diagnosis is almost impossible in most cases. A doctor can diagnose problems with deep vessels by chance if you undergo an annual comprehensive examination.

By identifying problems with pressure and examining the circulatory system, subtle symptoms of deep vein varicose veins of the lower extremities can be detected before pain and obvious symptoms appear.

If you have a scheduled employee health examination at work, do not treat it negligently and try to undergo full-fledged examinations, this really helps to identify diseases that are difficult to diagnose in the early stages. Experienced doctor pay attention to problems with pressure and prescribe drugs to prevent the development of vein diseases.

Note! Quite often, deep vein varicose veins are preceded by superficial disease. blood vessels. When treated with properly selected medicines, deep veins are also treated at the same time. For preventive purposes, when treating superficial varicose veins, give preference to drugs for internal use, not limited to medicinal ointments and compresses.

Treatments for deep varicose veins

If there is a danger of inflammation of the veins, special anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed. such as Indomethacin or Diclofenac.
Blood-thinning drugs help restore normal circulation. Trenal, Venolife are the most commonly prescribed drugs in this group. In extreme cases, for example, after drinking alcohol, ordinary or succinic acid is suitable for blood thinning.
To strengthen the walls of blood vessels and restore elasticity, it is possible to use angioprotective drugs. These funds include the well-known Askorutin, Aescusan, Venarus, Troxevasin.
Additional pain relievers are prescribed by the doctor if necessary. It is not recommended to choose a remedy for pain relief for varicose veins on your own.

Compresses, decoctions, folk remedies

For the treatment of varicose veins of the internal veins of the lower extremities are used folk remedies. These are nettle decoctions and foot compresses from nettle leaves, hawthorn tincture, clay masks and foot baths with sea salt. Use folk remedies only on the recommendation of a doctor.

Prevention of the development of varicose veins

How to prevent the development of deep vein varicose veins of the lower extremities

First of all, you need to put your heart in order. Varicose veins are not the main disease, but always only concomitant with diseases of the cardiovascular system. To prevent varicose veins, it is desirable to pay attention to the condition of the heart muscle. But with manifestations of varicose veins - it requires self-treatment.

Varicose veins of the deep veins of the lower extremities - insidious and hidden dangerous disease, which affects more than 50% of middle-aged people and more than 80% of older people. It is necessary to take care of the health of the veins and the cardiovascular system in advance in order to keep the legs healthy and the gait easy for as long as possible.