Multiple diverticula of the sigmoid colon treatment. Diverticulitis, diverticulosis - what's the difference? Possible complications and concomitant diseases

Statistics confirm that this disease is diagnosed in every fourth person in the world. Its symptoms appear in middle-aged and elderly people and are provoked by age-related changes in the body. At the age of 70-80 years, this disease is detected in more than 50% of patients. It's about about a disease such as diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon.

The pathological process, called diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon, is characterized by the formation of diverticula (hernia-like sac-like protrusions of the intestinal walls). Often, the disease manifests itself by the age of 50; it is at this age that the walls of the sigmoid colon begin to weaken and squeeze them out with an increase in intracavitary pressure.

In the vast majority of cases, the diagnosis of diverticulum formation is not congenital, but manifests itself under the influence of unfavorable factors and poor nutrition. If the formation of multiple diverticula is observed in the sigmoid colon, the disease is characterized as diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon, and it must be distinguished from diverticulitis, the main factor of which is the inflammatory process.

Causes of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon

What are the provoking factors that cause pathological changes in the state of the body? These may be age-related changes, leading to dystrophy of the muscles of the intestinal wall and causing general degenerative changes in organism.

Another reason contributing to the development of diverticulosis can be considered underdevelopment and weakness connective tissue resulting from a congenital or acquired failure in the synthesis of collagen fibers.

A common cause of the disease is considered to be disruptions in intestinal motility. This is manifested by the fact that with increased intraintestinal pressure, the fibers of the intestinal wall seem to “move apart” and form characteristic protrusions (diverticula).

Diverticula can form when the muscles of the intestinal wall spasm. These manifestations lead to compression of the blood vessels inside the intestinal walls and disruption of blood circulation. As a result, there is degeneration and stretching of the spaces around the vessels, leading to protrusion of the intestinal walls.

The cause of diverticulum may be a hereditary predisposition. The likelihood of the disease increases many times if there are cases of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon in the family.

Diet plays an important role in the development of the disease. Thus, numerous studies confirm that in the countries of Africa and India, with a historical predominance of a plant-based diet, there are significantly fewer cases of the disease than in European countries, where preference is given to food of animal origin.

Classification of diverticulosis

Depending on the origin, sigmoid colon diverticulosis can be congenital or acquired. Depending on the nature of the flow, it can be:

Asymptomatic
With characteristic, pronounced manifestations
Complicated

In addition, diverticulosis is divided into true and false. True refers to congenital diseases and occurs when all layers of the intestine, its muscular, mucous and submucosal membranes protrude. False diverticulosis is acquired, develops throughout life and is manifested by protrusion of the mucous membrane.

Characteristic symptoms

Start treatment of this disease necessary when the first symptoms appear. But sometimes it is difficult to do this, since in most patients diverticulosis can occur without visible manifestations and is discovered by chance when visiting a doctor for a completely different reason.

Most characteristic symptom The disease is pain in the lower abdomen, which is of a very different nature and can be perceived by patients as disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract. Patients link discomfort errors in nutrition and medical help are not sought, since pain usually disappears after bowel movement.

Diverticulosis often occurs against the background of irritable bowel syndrome and when inflammatory process the symptoms of the disease begin to appear especially strongly. Pain in left iliac region become persistent and long-lasting, their intensity does not decrease after stool.

The pain syndrome lasts several days and intensifies with palpation of the specified area and even while walking. Unstable chair may be accompanied by nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps and be accompanied by constant feeling discomfort.

Even if at first the disease is asymptomatic, over time disturbances in the body make themselves felt. As a result of stagnation of feces, a complication of diverticulosis develops - inflammation of protrusions of the intestinal walls (diverticulitis). In this condition, the pain becomes constant and is accompanied by symptoms of intoxication of the body and a significant increase in temperature.

For long-term disease and diverticula large sizes The following symptoms are typical:

Nagging pain in the left lower abdomen caused by spasm of the walls of the sigmoid colon
Constipation or loose stools for a long time
Bloating on the left side and flatulence
Feeling of heaviness and fullness in the left side of the abdomen, which goes away after stool

Possible complications

With the development of complications, there is a persistent deterioration in the patient's condition, accompanied by severe weakness and a sharp increase in temperature. What complications occur most often?

Intestinal bleeding. It most often occurs suddenly and is associated with vascular damage as a result of the formation of erosion or ulceration within the infected diverticulum. The patient notices the appearance of blood in feces, its quantity depends on the diameter of the affected vessel. Sometimes the bleeding can be quite heavy. If the bleeding becomes chronic, the patient experiences the development of anemia, weakness, shortness of breath, increased heart rate, and dizziness.
Development of diverticulitis (inflammation of diverticula). The complication is caused by bacteria that multiply in the accumulated stool. It manifests itself as severe abdominal pain, increased body temperature and the appearance of mucus in the stool.
Diverticulum perforation, in which the contents of the sigmoid colon exit into the abdominal cavity and the development of peritonitis begins, a life-threatening disease condition. If the contents of the intestine enter the retroperitoneal tissue, phlegmon is formed ( purulent lesion fabrics).
Abscess in the cavity of the diverticulum. If the abscess breaks into the intestinal cavity, the patient's condition may improve. In the event of an abscess breaking into one of the nearby organs, a internal fistula. When an intestinal-vaginal fistula forms, patients experience profuse, foul-smelling discharge mixed with feces from the genital tract. Gastrointestinal – intestinal fistulas manifest themselves in foul-smelling repeated vomiting, with particles of feces. Intestinal-vesical fistula provokes frequent cystitis, in which particles of feces and pus can be excreted in the urine.
Intestinal obstruction. Develops as a result of long-term diverticulitis and development adhesive process in the intestines.

It is clear that the development of the disease threatens serious and unpleasant complications, That's why timely diagnosis and proper treatment will help avoid life-threatening conditions and improve the patient’s well-being.

Diagnostics

When examining a patient, the specialist pays attention to whole line factors: characteristic complaints, patient’s age, lifestyle, diet, tendency to constipation. The doctor examines the patient, using palpation to identify painful areas characteristic of the disease.

A detailed history will help clarify the clinical picture and suspect diverticulosis. To confirm the diagnosis, the patient is prescribed a series of laboratory research and hardware examinations.

Colonoscopy. A research method that allows you to assess the condition of the intestines from the inside. The procedure is carried out using a special flexible probe with a video camera at the end, which is inserted into the intestines through the anus. The image from the camera is displayed on the monitor, and the doctor can visually assess the condition of the intestinal walls, the presence of diverticula, and even take a piece of tissue for examination.
Irrigoscopy. During the examination, an X-ray of the intestine is taken, previously filled with a contrast agent. If diverticula are present in the intestine, contrast agent will fill them, and these bag-like protrusions will be clearly visible in the picture.
Laparoscopy. It is both a diagnostic and treatment method. During the examination, the surgeon makes three punctures in the abdominal wall, through which a miniature camera is inserted, allowing you to examine the surface of the intestine and, under magnification, notice the slightest changes on its walls. If necessary, your doctor may remove an uncomplicated diverticulum. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia.

In some difficult cases, the patient may be prescribed a survey radiography of the abdominal organs or visual examination methods such as computed tomography and MRI. A method such as ultrasound in this case is not informative and is not used to clarify the diagnosis.

Treatment of diverticulosis

Treatment methods for sigmoid colon diverticulosis will depend on many factors: stage of the disease, risk of complications, age and general well-being the patient, his lifestyle and dietary habits. Uncomplicated diverticulosis is treated conservatively; therapy for severe forms of the disease involves surgical intervention.

Conservative treatment involves A complex approach, which includes a special diet and drug therapy. The patient is prescribed:

Antibiotics with a broad spectrum of action (cephalosporins, penicillins)
Painkillers and antispasmodics that reduce muscle spasms (drotaverine, no-spa, mebeverine)
Prokinetics that stimulate intestinal motility
Lactulose-based laxatives (Duphalac)
Enzymes to improve digestion (mezim, pancreatin, festal)
Drugs that restore intestinal microflora (Linex, bifidumbacterin)
Medicines that relieve diarrhea and flatulence (biseptol, sulgin)

In severe forms of diverticulosis, the following therapeutic measures are carried out:

Do gastric lavage
Unload the intestines using siphon enemas
Conduct infusion therapy crystalloid solutions
Use fresh frozen plasma

Surgical intervention is performed in cases where life-threatening complications occur: heavy bleeding, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction. Indications for surgical intervention are:

frequent exacerbations with severe pain,
formation of rectal fistulas,
risk of developing rectal cancer and other cancers.

The operation is carried out in two stages. At the first stage, resection is carried out, that is, the affected areas of the sigmoid colon are removed, at the second stage an anastomosis is formed, connecting the remaining sections of the intestine. In addition to resection, drainage of the abdominal cavity and subsequent intravenous administration antibiotics.

Timely health care and correctly selected treatment tactics make it possible to make a favorable prognosis and relieve the patient from unwanted complications.

Diet for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon

To alleviate the condition, the patient is prescribed a special diet with a predominance of plant fiber. The diet is formed on the basis following products: fruits and vegetables, brown rice, grains and legumes. To avoid intestinal irritation, it is recommended to steam, bake or boil foods.

Meals should be fractional, you need to eat 5-6 times a day in small portions. Many nutritionists advise adhering to the principles separate power supply so that food is better absorbed by the body.

Diet for diverticulosis includes bread made from flour coarse, bran, whole grain porridge. Limit the consumption of refined foods:

confectionery,
semi-finished products
chips,
flour products.

The following foods are excluded from the diet:

whole milk,
chocolate,
carbonated drinks,
coffee,
strong tea,
alcohol.

You should eat salads every day fresh vegetables with vegetable oil and drink a large number of liquids (up to 2 liters). Freshly prepared juices from vegetables and fruits, broths and first courses are of great benefit.

Useful fiber contains bran, seeds, nuts, and unrefined grains. There is a lot of it in zucchini, asparagus, cabbage, carrots, and spinach. They try to adhere to the “rule of three” in their diet - they eat three servings of vegetables, three pieces of grain bread, three fruits and 300 grams daily. brown rice or oatmeal porridge. This will help you get the required amount of fiber.

Try not to overeat, lead a healthy lifestyle and avoid eating foods with artificial food additives. In addition to the correct and rational nutrition increase welcome physical activity, long walks and special gymnastics classes.

Treatment of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon with folk remedies

Treatment with prescriptions traditional medicine helps alleviate the patient's condition and improve his well-being. Let's talk about the most effective and common methods.

Treatment with flaxseed or olive oil. Helps relieve constipation and relieve inflammation. It is recommended to take one tbsp daily. spoon linseed oil Before bed and throughout the day, season vegetable salads with olive oil.
Herbal infusion. To prepare it, mix an equal amount of dried nettle leaves, motherwort, chamomile flowers, rose hips and dill seeds. Pour a tablespoon of the prepared mixture into a thermos and pour 200 ml. warm water. The thermos is closed and allowed to brew for an hour and a half. The finished infusion is filtered and drunk for four weeks, 100 ml morning and evening.
Decoction of elm bark. One teaspoon of crushed slippery elm bark is poured into 200 ml. water and simmer over low heat for 20 minutes. The finished broth is cooled, filtered and taken every day, ½ cup.
Recipes using medicinal herbs and berries. For example, elderberry infusion is recommended to drink one glass every day. To prepare it, brew a tablespoon of berries with a glass of boiling water and infuse.
It is useful to drink aloe juice, take 15-20 pieces of plantain seeds or 30 drops of echinacea tincture daily. After every meal traditional healers It is recommended to take a warm infusion of chamomile and mint.

Treatment of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon with folk remedies should be carried out in combination with drug therapy and be carried out after consultation with a doctor and under his supervision. It is dangerous to self-medicate so as not to worsen the situation and avoid the development of complications.

Remember that the use of folk remedies should not replace a visit to the doctor. Only a competent specialist can make the correct diagnosis, conduct the necessary examination and choose the right treatment tactics, which will guarantee relief of the condition and help defeat the disease.

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is pathological process, arising in the large intestine, accompanied by the appearance of many diverticula, which are baggy protrusions (diverticula of the sigmoid colon).

Diverticula usually occur as a result of severe straining during bowel movements. They are often localized in the lower part of the sigmoid (large) intestine, and are the size of a pea, rarely much larger. These protrusions are formed as a result of pressure from gas or feces on weak areas of the intestinal wall.

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is a fairly common disease, occurring in 10% of people over 40 years of age. Among people over 60 years of age, the disease occurs in almost every second person. The symptoms of this pathology are provoked by age-related processes in the body.

In most cases, diverticular disease is not congenital, but often occurs due to exposure to unfavorable factors and non-compliance with the basics of proper nutrition. If numerous diverticula are found in the sigmoid colon, the disease is diagnosed as sigmoid diverticulosis.

Types of disease

Diverticular disease is classified into the following stages.

Asymptomatic diverticulosis. Patients do not have clinical manifestations diseases. Diverticula are detected during the diagnosis of other pathologies.
Acute diverticulosis. It is characterized by manifestations of spasms of the intestinal wall, failure of digestive processes and the intestinal environment.
Complicated diverticulosis. Requires emergency assistance.

Complicated diverticulosis is classified into the following categories.

Diverticulitis. It develops due to the concentration of feces in diverticula, which promotes the proliferation of bacteria and infection.
Peri-intestinal infiltrate. Occurs as a result of an inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity, a violation of the integrity of the diverticulum wall.
Diverticulum perforation. In case of perforation into the abdominal cavity, peritonitis occurs, in the mesentery of the sigmoid colon - retroperitoneal phlegmon.
Intestinal fistula. When an abscess opens onto the skin of the abdominal wall or a neighboring organ, as a result of suppuration, internal and external fistulas arise, which require surgical intervention.
Intestinal bleeding. Damage to the mucous membrane from solid feces leads to damage to blood vessels and loss of a lot of blood during defecation and separately.

Diverticular disease is divided into true and false. The true form is congenital and develops as a result of protrusion of all layers of the intestine. The false form of diverticulosis is acquired and develops during life and is characterized by protrusion of the mucous membrane.

Single and multiple diverticula of the sigmoid colon are also distinguished. The configuration of diverticula is quite diverse: pear-shaped, spherical, oval, etc. Their sizes and holes are also different. The smaller the hole width, the more likely formation and accumulation of fecal stones in the diverticulum and the formation of the inflammatory process.

Epidemiology

The factors that provoke the development of pathology include age-related changes, which cause muscle dystrophy in the intestines and provoke general degenerative changes in the body. Also one of the reasons is the underdevelopment and weakness of connective tissue, characterized by a congenital or acquired disorder in the synthesis of collagen fibers. Often the disease occurs due to intestinal motility disorders.

This is due to the fact that in the process high blood pressure Inside the intestine, fibers in the abdominal wall stretch and form protrusions - diverticula. Diverticula of the sigmoid colon occur during spasms of the intestinal muscles, which leads to compression of the blood vessels in the intestinal walls and disruption of blood supply. As a result of the disorder, dystrophy and an increase in the space around the vessels occur. This leads to protrusion of the intestinal walls.

The cause of diverticulum formation may be a genetic predisposition. In this case, the percentage of the disease increases significantly.

Complications

Diverticular

sigmoid colon disease

in 20% of cases it ends in complications, including.

Hemorrhages from the rectum. Defeat small vessels chronic, located near the diverticula, become a provoking factor of hemorrhage.
Diverticulitis. Inflammation that occurs due to infection in diverticula. Often, a complication occurs due to the concentration of feces in the diverticulum, which leads to the proliferation of microorganisms and the appearance of infections. It is worth distinguishing diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon from diverticulosis.

Clinical picture

The first symptoms of diverticular disease are an important signal to contact a specialist. However, diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon can often be asymptomatic. The vast majority of patients do not experience any symptoms, and the disease is diagnosed completely randomly during an examination of the intestines for a number of other reasons.

Based on the form of the pathology, the symptoms of diverticulosis in patients are very different. In an uncomplicated form of diverticulosis, the disease is accompanied by pain of a different nature and disturbances in bowel movements. Often the pain occurs in the left iliac region and is spasmodic in nature, increasing as a result of the filling of the colon. After bowel movement, pain is relieved.

Some patients complain of aching pain between spasms. When palpating the abdomen, it is impossible to determine the localization of pain. This indicates the absence of an organic cause of pain, which is associated with incoordination of intestinal motility. Painful sensations observed from several days and weeks to stable pain over a long period.

As a rule, patients experience constipation. Moreover, patients often complain of a feeling incomplete emptying and flatulence. The disease is often accompanied by constipation alternating with diarrhea.

The symptoms of diverticular disease are not as benign as most gastroenterologists think. Systematic abdominal cramps and the urge to defecate prevent patients from full life and engage in professional activities.

Even if at the initial stage of development of the disease, symptoms do not appear in any way, then in the future the pathology will make itself felt. As mentioned above, stagnant feces lead to a complication of diverticulosis - an inflammatory process of the intestinal walls - diverticulitis. This condition is characterized by regular pain, which is manifested by intoxication of the body with a significant increase in body temperature.

Diverticulosis symptoms often occur as a result of irritable bowel disease and inflammation, clinical picture shows itself very strongly. The pain increases significantly and does not stop after bowel movements. Unstable stool is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps and discomfort.

Therapy

The treatment method for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon depends on many factors, including: the form of the pathology, the likelihood of complications, the age and general condition of the patient, his lifestyle and nutrition. The initial stage of the disease involves conservative treatment. Severe forms of diverticulosis require surgical intervention.

Conservative treatment consists of a complex method, including a gentle diet and drug treatment.

The patient is prescribed:

broad-spectrum antibiotics;
painkillers and antispasmodics, aimed at reducing muscle spasms;
prokinetics, which stimulate intestinal motility;
laxatives containing lactulose;
enzymes to improve digestion;
means for restoring normal conditions in the intestines;
drugs that relieve diarrhea and bloating.

In severe cases of pathology, the following treatment measures must be taken:

perform gastric lavage;
perform intestinal unloading through siphon enemas;
administer infusion therapy with crystalloid agents;
apply fresh frozen plasma.

The operation is performed in cases where there are complications that threaten the patient’s life: heavy bleeding, peritonitis, intestinal obstruction.

Indications for surgical intervention:

exacerbations with severe spasms;
formation of rectal fistulas;
probability of development malignant formation rectum.

The operation is done in two steps. At the first stage, the damaged parts of the sigmoid colon are removed (resection); at the second stage, an anastomosis is formed, connecting the parts of the remaining intestine. Drainage of the abdominal cavity and further intravenous antibiotic treatment are also done.

Diet

A diet for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is prescribed to the patient to alleviate it. general condition. Plant fiber should predominate in the patient's diet. Nutrition is based on the following products: fruits and vegetables, rice, cereals and legumes. To avoid intestinal irritation, all products should be heat treated. Nutrition consists of eating fractionally, 5-6 times a day in small portions.

Many nutritionists recommend following the principles of separate nutrition for better absorption of food by the body. It is necessary to eat bread made from wholemeal flour, bran, and whole grain porridge. It is worth excluding from your diet foods such as milk, chocolate, carbonated drinks, alcoholic drinks, coffee, and strong tea. You need to drink plenty of clean water every day, fresh juices from fruits and vegetables, broths and soups.

Don’t overeat, lead a healthy lifestyle, and eliminate foods with artificial food additives from your diet. Play sports, walk more in the fresh air, do special gymnastics.

Forecast

Timely contact with a specialist and a correctly selected treatment method provide a favorable prognosis and relieve the patient from undesirable consequences.

Note!

The presence of symptoms such as:

smell from the mouth
stomach ache
heartburn
diarrhea
constipation
nausea, vomiting
belching
increased gas formation(flatulence)

If you have at least 2 of these symptoms, then this indicates a developing

gastritis or ulcer.

These diseases are dangerous due to the development of serious complications (penetration, gastric bleeding, etc.), many of which can lead to

LETHAL

outcome. Treatment needs to start now.

Read the article about how a woman got rid of these symptoms by defeating their main cause. Read the material...

The human digestive system and the organs included in it are more often than other systems susceptible to negative impact various factors under the influence of which numerous pathologies develop. If we talk about the intestines, its structure may change, including all sections, in particular the sigmoid. In older people, diverticula may be observed, which are protrusions of the wall of the intestine - mainly the colon, much less often the thin. Such formations can be congenital or acquired. In this case, they talk about diverticulosis or diverticulitis of the sigmoid colon.

The difference between these diagnoses is that with diverticulitis, intestinal contents enter the resulting protrusions. These masses are rich in nutrients, which allows microorganisms to actively multiply, causing the development of inflammatory processes.

Why does diverticulosis develop and its types?

Basically, diverticulosis is an acquired pathology, accompanied by protrusion of the exclusively mucous layer of the intestine. Congenital form pathology is observed infrequently; in this case, protrusion of all layers of the organ occurs. As for provoking factors, the disease can be caused by:

Age-related changes when muscles weaken and as a result internal pressure Diverticula form. The development of pathology in those whose age exceeds 50 years can be considered a common occurrence.
Heredity plays a significant role; if such a diagnosis is present in the family, the risk of the disease increases.
The influencing factor may be Not proper nutrition– studies have shown that if there is a sufficient amount of plant fiber in the diet, pathology develops much less frequently.
The problem with protrusion can arise when the functionality of the intestinal vessels is impaired - when they spasm in the colon as a result of compression, the blood supply worsens, the tissues of the sigmoid colon next to the vessels are stretched.
The disease can be caused by weakened connective tissue.

In order to be able to realistically assess the conditions observed in the patient, experts have developed a classification of sigmoid colon disease, which includes three basic forms:

Diverticulosis in the absence of obvious symptoms.
Disease with clinical manifestations.
An advanced stage, which is accompanied by complications.

Most often, diverticulosis is diagnosed by chance, when the patient is prescribed examinations for other pathologies.

Occasionally, the victim feels a slight pain radiating in the abdomen, which is often attributed to problems with food, since the signs of the problem go away with bowel movements or the release of gas contents. Gradually, the symptoms worsen; if treatment is ignored, the consequences can be serious - diverticulitis may develop, leading to complications. The severity of symptoms is directly dependent on the formed diverticula (their number), concomitant diseases, and the patient’s age group.

Symptoms and traditional treatment of pathology

Let's take a closer look at diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon, symptoms and treatment of the disease. As already mentioned, at the initial stage of development of the pathology there are no symptoms, slight pain It passes quickly and, as a rule, they do not pay much attention to it. In this case, there is no need for specific therapy; often it is enough to adjust the diet, introduce some dietary dishes into the menu, and use traditional medicine recipes along with the diet. If necessary, the attending physician may prescribe the use of antibiotic drugs.

However, in the acute stage, in the presence of an inflammatory process or perforation, a significant threat to the patient’s life appears; in this case, urgent surgical intervention may be required to remove the diverticula and part of the sigmoid. A number of symptoms indicate the onset of inflammatory processes:

Pain in the form of colic that does not go away over a long period, localized in a specific place - the lower abdomen on the left side. When you press on the painful point, the discomfort increases.
There is an increase in temperature.
If inflammatory processes in addition to the intestine affect nearby organs, a neoplasm can be felt in the abdominal space - a peri-intestinal painful infiltrate.
Attacks of nausea occur, which can lead to vomiting.

Therapeutic methods include taking antimicrobials and antispasmodics, relieving painful manifestations pathologies, laxatives and prokinetics to improve digestive processes, enzymatic substances. A special diet is prescribed to improve the general condition of the victim.

The menu should contain dishes with vegetable fiber, it is based on legumes and cereal crops, rice, vegetable dishes, fruits.

To prevent intestinal irritation from consuming fiber, the products must be thermally processed. Meals should be fractional; when the portion size decreases, their number is increased - food should be consumed up to 6 times a day. It is necessary to remove dairy products, chocolate, soda, alcohol-containing and coffee drinks, and strong teas from the diet. Drinking regime is important, following which you should consume at least 2 liters daily still water. The diet includes freshly squeezed fruits, vegetable juices, soups, broths, natural laxatives, these include prunes and dried apricots, infusions of medicinal herbs and fermented milk dishes. To normalize the intestinal microflora, it is recommended to consume garlic.

Treatment of pathology with traditional medicine recipes

For diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon, treatment may become more effective if, against the background pharmaceuticals apply traditional medicine recipes. The best medicines for diverticulosis are formulations made on the basis of oils, which contribute to the normalization of microflora and the functioning of the digestive tract, while also having enveloping properties:

Carrot powder is prepared from carrot seeds in the amount of 5 large spoons, finely grinding them. Take the product one small spoon three times a day, washing down each dose with a large volume of liquid. The course of treatment is 14 days, after which a seven-day break is taken and treatment is resumed.
Taking flaxseed or olive oil helps a lot; you need to take a large spoonful of the product every day on an empty stomach.
An aloe tincture is prepared - about 300 grams of honey are added to 200 grams of ground leaves of the plant, this mixture is infused for 24 hours, after which a large spoonful of the product is consumed 60 minutes before each meal. The course of treatment is about 14 days.
You can use elderberry infusion, for which you take a large spoon of the plant’s fruits and pour 200 ml of boiling water. Take a glass of infusion daily.
Drink aloe juice (a teaspoon three times a day), eat 20 plantain seeds per day, take 30 drops of echinacea tincture. After meals, you should drink warm mint or chamomile infusion.

Treatment with herbal remedies

In addition to simple medications, complex preparations can be used. Let's look at how to treat a disease using herbal infusions and decoctions:

Mix in equal parts nettle leaves, flowers pharmaceutical chamomile, motherwort, rose hips, dill seeds. Place a large spoon of the mixture into a thermos, pour 200 ml of boiled water and infuse the medicinal composition for 90 minutes. Then the infusion is filtered, drunk in the morning and evening time. The volume of one dose is 100 ml. The course of therapy is 4 weeks.
For treatment, a decoction of slippery elm is used - take 250 ml of boiled water and add half a small spoon of powdered plant bark and a small spoon of ordinary elm bark to it. Then the mixture is placed on low heat and boiled for 20 minutes, after which it is filtered and drunk up to 3 glasses of the product per day.
For diverticulosis great attention focus on cleansing the intestines, for which the following composition is prepared - take green apples and sprouted wheat grains in equal quantities. The components are crushed and ground in a blender. The resulting composition in an amount of 300 grams is taken instead of breakfast. The course of treatment is 30 days, followed by a break of the same duration, and therapy is resumed.
Bran is used while observing certain rules. Therapy begins with taking small portions, the volume of each not exceeding a large spoon per day. The bran is poured into milk or kefir, or yoghurt can be used. Gradually, the amount of bran per serving is increased to 50 grams daily.
A very effective remedy for the treatment of diverticulosis is oatmeal jelly. To prepare it, take a container and pour 2.5 liters into it. boiled water, pre-cooled to 50 degrees. Add 150 ml of kefir to the liquid, 500 grams oatmeal"Hercules". All ingredients are mixed, the container is tightly closed, and placed in a warm place for 2 or 3 days until signs of fermentation appear. After this, the product is filtered, the mixture remaining in the colander is washed by pouring one and a half liters of water onto it, which should not be poured out.
The liquids remaining after the first filtration and subsequent washing are mixed, poured into a glass container, and sealed tightly. The product should be infused for 20 hours. Next, the liquid is divided into layers. The bottom one is carefully poured into a clean container and placed in the refrigerator. This composition is a concentrate necessary for the production of oatmeal jelly. Take 3 glasses of water, add 10 large spoons of concentrate to the liquid, set the composition on low heat, bring to a boil and cook until the volume is reduced, after which butter, buckwheat, flax or olive oil, salt according to preference. Oatmeal jelly It is allowed to eat bread.
For inflammation of the diverticulum, it is used next collection– mix nettle leaves, peony roots, and mistletoe in equal doses (100 grams each). Pour 2 large spoons of the mixture into a liter cold water, place the container on the fire, heat almost until boiling, but do not boil the composition. It is then cooled and filtered. Drink 200 ml of the product in the morning and evening, 60 minutes after meals. The same decoction can be used as a means for enemas, they are given for constipation, the course of treatment is up to 2 weeks.

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Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon

The content of the article:

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is a pathology in which protrusions appear on the surface of this section of the intestine, resembling pockets - diverticula. Today, this disease is the most common in gastroenterology. People of any gender are susceptible to sigma diverticulosis, and the main risk criterion is the patient's age: diverticula are not diagnosed in people under 30 years of age.

Patients turn to a specialist in case of complications, when the first complaints appear; Before this, the pathological process may be asymptomatic.

Often patients with pain in the left half of the abdomen, dyspepsia, unstable stool, after consulting a therapist, ask: “Which doctor treats diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon?” The specialist is called a “gastroenterologist,” but in emergency situations, hospitalization in the abdominal surgery department is possible.

Treatment involves proper nutrition and intake medications, but there are life-threatening complications that may require surgery. Diverticula in the sigmoid colon have different sizes, but more often small ones are detected, with a diameter of up to 1 cm. Almost a third of the population aged 40-50 years faces intestinal diverticulosis, and only 10% have clinical manifestations.

The intensity of this disease increases in proportion to age. This is due to the following factors:

Loss of elasticity of the intestinal wall;
chronic constipation due to loss of peristalsis and an associated increase in intracavitary pressure in the intestine;
tendency to flatulence.

In addition, there is evidence that predisposing factors include heredity, dietary habits and some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, for example, megadolichosigma, in which overstretched atonic walls contribute to the appearance of protrusions.

The incidence of diverticulosis depends on diet; in regions where preference is given to foods rich in fiber, diverticulosis is less common. Fiber helps optimize the digestive process.

Depending on the severity of the pathological process, therapy is prescribed. In some cases, diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is complicated by life-threatening conditions:

Intestinal bleeding;
diverticulum perforation;
acute intestinal obstruction;
inflammation of the peritoneum.

These complications require emergency surgery.

Sometimes a localized abscess develops in the diverticulum cavity, which is manifested by pronounced changes in tissue morphology. If the abscess breaks into the intestinal cavity, recovery will occur; if pus escapes into the abdominal cavity, there is a risk of peritonitis. Involvement in the pathological process nearby organs and tissues may be complicated by the formation of a fistula canal.

Sigmoid colon

The sigmoid colon gets its name from its curves that resemble the Greek letter “sigma.”
This intestine is a section of the large intestine, S-shaped, starting from the descending part of the colon in upper sections pelvis and goes to left half abdomen, and then passes into the rectum. Its length is more than half a meter, diameter is about 4 cm.

The role of sigma in the digestive process is the absorption of liquid from food gruel. The blood supply and innervation of the sigmoid colon is provided by the mesentery, which consists of a large number of nerve and vascular structures.

Symptoms of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon

ICD-10 code: K57

Depending on the diagnostic results, complaints, age of the patient, concomitant pathology, a treatment regimen is selected.

If the disease does not impair the quality of life and is in an asymptomatic or uncomplicated phase, then it is recommended to pay attention to the following aspects:

1. Optimizing your diet: increased amount fiber (eat more vegetables and fruits), drink enough liquid so that the stool is soft and does not stretch or injure the intestinal walls. During an exacerbation, you can only take liquid food for 3 days, this helps restore the intestinal mucosa and reduce the inflammatory process.

2. Refusal bad habits.

3. Physical therapy.

In case of complaints and inflammation, conservative therapy is carried out.

Prevention

Every patient needs to know what preventive measures will be effective in preventing complications of diverticulosis. Gastroenterologists advise adhering to the following rules:

1. First of all, it is necessary to normalize the stool.

2. Increase the amount of fluid consumed.

3. Introduce into your diet foods containing a large amount of fiber: fruits, vegetables, bran.

4. Sports: exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall and abs are especially useful.

5. Try to avoid stressful situations In case of excessive anxiety, after consultation with a neurologist, it is possible to take mild sedatives.

6. A rational approach to the daily routine: avoid overwork, it is recommended to sleep at least 8 hours.

Diet for diverticulosis: what you can and cannot eat

Note that the main point in the treatment of sigma diverticulosis is a diet that helps reduce muscle contractions and reduce pressure on weakened areas of the intestine.
Some experts consider the statement about the harm of seeds and tiny particles on inflammation in diverticula unproven; however, it is better to avoid vegetables and fruits that contain seeds, especially if complaints appear after consumption. List of products that can aggravate the pathological process:

Kiwi;
tomatoes;
grape;
zucchini;
zucchini;
cucumber;
blackberry;
raspberries;
strawberry;
eggplant;
pepper.

Avoid vegetables that belong to the cruciferous family: Brussels sprouts and cauliflower.
Seeds and nuts with diverticulosis can cause pain.

Avoid baked goods that contain peanuts, pistachios, cashews and almonds, as well as sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, cumin and sesame seeds.

Unprocessed dried fruits are difficult to digest in the gastrointestinal tract, so it is preferable to introduce either steamed prunes and dried apricots into the diet, or cook dried fruit compote.

Grains can be retained in the gastrointestinal tract, especially if there are “pockets” in the form of diverticula. Stuck grains undergo putrefactive fermentation processes and provoke an inflammatory process. In addition, the accompanying increased flatulence will contribute to pain and the appearance of new diverticula.

It is allowed to eat refined bread and cereals, preferably oatmeal.
Pasta, white rice, semolina, and products made from premium flour are not recommended for diet with diverticulosis.

Nutritionists recommend including low-fat foods in your diet. dairy products(kefir, fermented baked milk, matsoni, yogurt), some patients digest whole milk well, but it is better to consult with your doctor about this.

In any case, products containing palm oil, margarine, cooking oil, and mayonnaise are not healthy.

Natural cheeses and cottage cheese can be eaten in small quantities if you have intestinal diverticulosis.

Other foods that are prohibited for diverticulosis and intestinal diverticulitis

Red meat must be excluded or limited; the main diet for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is lean chicken, white fish, and broths.

Avoid carbonated drinks and sweets, as they can cause increased gas formation, which will worsen clinical symptoms.

Do not eat a lot of acidic foods; there is evidence that if you have problems with the gastrointestinal tract, the risk of accession increases allergic dermatitis. Also, do not overconsume oranges, lemons, and grapefruit.

Avoid refined high-carbohydrate foods: limit cakes, ice cream, pizza, puff pastries, pretzels, biscuits, donuts, canned juices, chocolate, cupcakes, white sugar, cream, pies, etc.

Read the labels on the packages: preservatives, sweeteners, dyes, etc. chemical advances will not add health.

Eliminate fatty and fried foods, fast food, French fries, and processed foods.

Instead, food prepared with the most gentle heat treatment is preferable: baked, boiled, steamed.

Alcohol and smoking always cause irritation of the colon and stomach, so it is better to get rid of bad habits.

Treatment at home for intestinal diverticulosis is possible, if not serious complications: You can eat right, do special exercises for diverticulosis, and take prescribed medications at home.

Some recipes useful for diverticulosis

Add 1 tablespoon of bran to 200 ml of kefir or yogurt (any fermented milk product will do) and leave for 30 minutes to swell. Kefir with bran can be consumed instead of breakfast.

Gradually, the amount of bran is increased to 3 tablespoons, and at the same time, be sure to pay attention to your well-being: replacing constipation with frequent loose stools- not the best result.
The target stool is soft, shaped, which helps prevent intestinal trauma, relieve inflammation and flatulence.

A decoction of mint, chamomile and plantain seeds has good anti-inflammatory properties.

To prepare, you need to take vegetable raw materials in equal proportions (1 teaspoon each), add 250 ml of boiling water, leave for 1.5 hours. Take 1/2 cup 3 times a day on an empty stomach, 30 minutes before meals, the course of treatment is 10 days.

1 tablespoon of olive, flax or vegetable oil, mixed in a glass of kefir, take the resulting product shortly before bedtime. This recipe can be used for a long time.

A decoction of flax seeds also has a laxative effect.

Drugs for intestinal diverticulosis

Treatment with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs is reasonable for diverticulitis.
Conservative treatment for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon, in addition to antibacterial agents, with associated inflammation, includes the following:

Drugs to improve intestinal motility;
antispasmodics;
laxatives;
vitamin complexes;
medications to increase hemoglobin.

In case of complications in the hospital, antibiotics are prescribed intravenously, which increases the effectiveness of treatment. Nutrition is provided parenterally, which makes it possible to “rest” the gastrointestinal tract.

Surgery for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon

In some cases, only surgical treatment can save a life: minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery - resection of the sigmoid colon, or open surgery. Surgery is resorted to in case of frequent relapses of the inflammatory process against the background of diverticulosis. The essence of the operation is the removal of the pathological area and stitching (anastomosis) of the ends of the intestine.

What drugs are used for diverticulosis and treatment regimens

According to indications (inflammatory process), it is possible to use Rifaximin 400 mg 2 times a day. every week of the month throughout the year. This increases the effectiveness of therapy by 2 times.
Symptoms are also eliminated with Mesalazine at a dosage of 400 mg twice a day, 10 days of each month for a year.

If necessary, laxatives and medications are prescribed to normalize the composition of the intestinal microflora.

Recurrence of diverticulitis, especially with an episode of perforation, involves surgery involving resection of the sigmoid colon due to high risk development of life-threatening conditions.

Note that suppositories for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon do not exist; another thing is that there are suppositories that help fight constipation.

Important! In case of intestinal bleeding and suspected acute pathology (appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, etc.), suppositories cannot be used.

For intestinal diverticulosis it is preferable to use osmotic drugs, which do not enhance peristaltic movements, but have a laxative effect. These include:

Lactulose;
Macrogol 4000;
Sorbitol;
Sodium sulfate.

Sorbitol for diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon promotes reparative processes in the mucous membrane, which prevents diverticulitis. Exceeding the recommended dose of osmotic laxatives may increase gas formation.

Laxatives with dietary fiber:

Mucofalk;
Fiberlex;
Naturolax;
Fibercon.

Suppositories for diverticulosis should be used with caution, since long-term use, for example, of Bisacodyl-based suppositories, can be complicated by intestinal atony.

A safe product with minimal side effects, suppositories with glycerin are considered.
Consult your doctor before use.

Using statistical data, it can be stated that every fourth person in the world suffers from diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon. Typically, this disease is observed in people in old age, since it is precisely age-related changes in people’s bodies that provoke it.

Diverticulosis occurs during bowel movements due to severe strain. The usual location is the lower part of the sigmoid colon, about the size of a pea, sometimes a little larger.

Doctors say that diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is a very common disease, which affects 10% of people who have already reached 40 years of age. After 60 years, this disease can be found in every third person.

What are diverticula?

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is a disease in which a protrusion forms in the mucous membrane of the sigmoid colon. Due to its unusual curved structure, diverticula appear in the large intestine.

A proctologist will easily answer all your pressing questions and confusion related to diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon. Diverticulosis cannot be determined without special diagnostics and tests.

Video:

One of the main causes of constipation and diarrhea is use various medications . To improve bowel function after taking medications, you need to do it every day. drink a simple remedy ...

Causes

What are the factors that provoke changes in the body? The very first thing is the so-called age-related changes, which lead to changes in the muscles of the intestinal walls, and also cause degenerative changes.

Natural oils are beneficial for the whole body, they saturate with vitamins and microelements, prevent constipation and relieve inflammation in the intestines.

What do Israeli proctologists say about constipation?

Constipation is very dangerous and very often this is the first symptom of hemorrhoids! Few people know, but getting rid of it is very simple. Just 3 cups of this tea a day will relieve you of constipation, flatulence and other problems with the gastrointestinal tract...

Dill;
Rosehip fruit;
Nettle;
Chamomile flowers;
Motherwort.

You need to prepare decoctions from herbal mixtures and drink it throughout the day. The herb has a calming effect and has anti-inflammatory and carminative effects.

An infusion of elderberries is very beneficial for the intestines. The recipe is very simple:

You need to pour an armful of berries with one glass of boiling water;
Leave to steep for a few minutes until cool;
Drink a glass a day in small portions.

Remember that any traditional medicine will be effective only if you adhere to proper diet, as well as drug treatment.

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is a protrusion of the wall of the organ as a result of degenerative processes, frequent constipation or impaired motility. The disease is quite common and is diagnosed in every tenth person, usually old age. In most cases, it is asymptomatic, which complicates diagnosis. Treatment includes following a special diet and taking medications.

Causes

Among the causes of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon are impaired intestinal motility, degenerative-dystrophic changes in the organ or vascular pathologies. Sometimes the provoking factor is stagnation of feces (constipation), which increases the pressure inside the intestine. As a rule, a combination of all negative factors leads to the disease.

Tissue degeneration occurs in old age as a result of insufficient collagen synthesis. Dystrophic processes affect the muscular apparatus, mucous and submucosal layers of the intestine.

The cause of pathology in middle-aged people is impaired peristalsis due to poor nutrition (insufficient fiber intake). At the same time, the smooth muscles in the intestinal walls are disrupted, which provokes stagnation of feces and an increase in pressure.

Constant muscle spasm disrupts blood circulation in the intestine. This causes stagnation of blood in the capillaries and veins. Sometimes atherosclerosis is observed in the arteries. In combination with other unfavorable factors, degenerative-dystrophic processes develop, which lead to diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon.

Predisposing factors for the development of pathology include those presented below.

Hereditary predisposition to the disease. If there is a family history of patients with diverticulosis, then the probability of pathology in the heirs is 65%. People at risk should Special attention focus on disease prevention.
Poor nutrition, adherence to a strict diet and insufficient fiber intake.
Weakness of connective tissue, which may be congenital or acquired.

Symptoms

Diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon is asymptomatic in most cases. A person may not suspect the presence of pathology for several years until complications appear (fistula, bleeding, peritonitis, diverticulitis, etc.). The disease is often discovered accidentally during preventive examination at the proctologist.

In some patients, diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon may make itself felt periodic pain in the abdomen without clear localization and colic. The pain goes away on its own, usually after a bowel movement.

Signs of pathology may include stool disorders (constipation alternating with severe diarrhea) and bloating, which causes discomfort. With the development of complications (for example, diverticulitis), the temperature rises and sharp pain appears in the lower abdomen. Most patients attribute such signs to poor diet or poisoning, since all symptoms disappear after bowel movement and may not appear for a long time.

Diagnostics

To make a diagnosis, a consultation with a proctologist is required. Diagnostics consists of carrying out instrumental methods research.

Irrigoscopy is an x-ray of the large intestine performed after a barium enema. Such a study makes it possible to identify protrusions of the intestinal wall, assess the size of diverticula, as well as the tone of the walls, intestinal mobility and the size of the lumen.

Colonoscopy is performed after irrigoscopy and makes it possible to accurately determine the size of the protrusion, identify foci of bleeding and assess the condition of diverticula and intestinal walls. If indicated, a biopsy, MRI and CT scan of the abdominal cavity are performed.

Laparoscopy is both a diagnostic and treatment method. Through punctures in the abdominal cavity, a mini-camera is inserted into the abdomen, which makes it possible to detect the slightest changes in the intestine. During surgery, the doctor may remove the inflamed diverticulum.

If complications develop, laboratory tests. Thus, with diverticulitis, the level of leukocytes increases with a shift leukocyte formula to the left. ABOUT frequent bleeding testifies low level hemoglobin and red blood cells. To detect bleeding, a stool occult blood test is performed.

Treatment

Normalization of stool and restoration of intestinal activity are two goals pursued by the treatment of diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon. First of all, it is assigned special diet. The patient is recommended to introduce foods rich in fiber into the diet: fruits, vegetables, grains and dried fruits (prunes and dried apricots). Fermented milk products are beneficial herbal infusions(dill, chamomile, rose hips or motherwort) and natural oil (olive or corn). Patients should eat frequently (up to 6 times a day) in small portions. It is also important to maintain fluid balance by drinking at least 1.5–2 liters of water daily.

It is necessary to exclude from the menu fatty, smoked, spicy dishes and seasonings. They increase the load on the intestines, disrupt its functioning and cause irritation of the mucous membrane. You should also limit your consumption of alcohol, sweets, flour products, chocolate and fast food products.

If there is no result after adjusting the diet, it is prescribed drug treatment diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon. Specific treatment methods depend on the patient's age, general condition, and the presence of complications.

Drug treatment includes the following groups of drugs.

Antispasmodics for relief pain syndrome(No-shpa, Papaverine or Spazmalgon).
Antibacterial therapy is used in the presence of a purulent and inflammatory process. Amoxiclav, Sumamed, Ecomed or Azithromycin are prescribed. After antibacterial therapy Be sure to take medications that restore intestinal microflora (Linex, Bifidumbacterin and Acepol).
Prokinetics are prescribed to normalize intestinal motility. For this purpose, Motilak, Ganaton, Motilium, etc. are used. Additionally, prokinetics have an antiemetic and antidiarrheal effect.
Laxatives help avoid constipation and stagnation of feces. Products based on lactulose (Duphalac and Normaze) or fiber (Fitomycil) are used. Such drugs are safe, do not have a traumatic effect, on the contrary, they normalize the microflora.
Enzymes that improve digestion and intestinal motility (Mezim, Pancreatin or Creon).
Medicines for flatulence - Smecta or Espumisan.
To combat bleeding, medications that increase blood clotting (for example, vitamin K) are prescribed.

In particularly difficult cases they are used radical measures. The patient undergoes gastric lavage, and the intestines are unloaded using a siphon enema. At large blood loss fresh frozen plasma is infused.

If there are complications, it is possible surgery. Indications for it - severe pain in the abdomen, fistula or abscess formation, intestinal obstruction, peritonitis or excessive bleeding. Surgery is also performed when there is a risk of cancer. During the operation, resection of the damaged area of the organ is performed.

Possible complications

As the disease progresses, a number of complications arise. The most common diagnosis is diverticulitis - inflammation of the diverticula of the sigmoid colon. Pathology develops as a result of stagnation of feces, activation of intestinal microflora and increased permeability of the intestinal walls. The patient suffers from severe abdominal pain and heat. Appear general signs intoxication. On palpation the anterior abdominal wall tense.

When an infiltrate forms, inflammation spreads to the omentum, mesentery and nearby tissues. Palpable in the left lower abdomen painful lump with limited mobility. The patient's health deteriorates and fever appears. The danger of this condition is the formation of an abscess, which can open and affect neighboring tissues and organs.

A serious complication of diverticulosis is intestinal perforation. The patient suffers from severe pain, weakness and high fever. The result of this pathology is peritonitis or fistula.

Often found intestinal bleeding which arise as a result of vascular damage or the formation of ulcers and erosions. In this case, blood impurities are found in the stool. Chronic bleeding can lead to the development of anemia, which is manifested by weakness, dizziness and shortness of breath.

You can prevent the development of sigmoid diverticulosis by eating right and eating foods rich in fiber. It is necessary to avoid elevated physical activity and promptly treat constipation.

Attention!

This article is posted for educational purposes only and does not constitute scientific material or professional medical advice.