When to spay a puppy. Sterilization of a dog is the key to health and a fulfilling life

Should I remove or leave my genitals?

Almost all pet owners ask themselves this question, but not everyone decides to take this step. But in vain...

We will discuss the pros and cons of sterilization, indications and contraindications in a detailed review below.

Sterilization (ovariohysterectomy) – complete surgical removal of reproductive organs females (uterus and ovaries) from the body: during the operation, the ovarian veins, arteries and the distal part of the uterus are ligated, and after The uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries are removed en bloc.

The term "sterilization" is used in relation to females. The operation to remove the male genitals is called.

As a result of such a surgical operation the bitch completely loses the ability to. But as a result, a number of other problems can be solved, directly or indirectly related to the sexual activity of the animal:

Correction of behavior, elimination of aggression.
Prevention of unwanted mating.
Prevention of a number of oncological diseases, including breast tumors.
Prevention of diseases of the genital organs.
An effective treatment for hormonal imbalances in the body.
A humane solution to the problem of unwanted female offspring.

The opinion of veterinarians is almost unanimous in recommending sterilization of dogs as the only safe way for animal health to limit cravings for the opposite sex and prevent serious diseases of the genital area.

Right moment

When can a dog be spayed? Carrying out the operation acceptable at any age. However, it is not recommended to carry it out before the maturation of the reproductive system, as well as in adulthood.

Sterilization between 8 months and 1 year minimizes negative consequences.

It is highly undesirable to remove the genitals of a female dog during the first period of active growth - from six weeks to four months. It is at this age that active growth of all tissues and internal organs of the animal occurs, and removal of the ovaries can provoke vaginal hypoplasia and developmental delays.

Surgical intervention in the body of a mature dog (after 7–9 years) is also undesirable., since the animal’s health is weakened, regenerative processes will be sluggish, and the reaction of an aging body to anesthesia is unpredictable.

However, many veterinarians believe that genital removal surgery necessary for any dog(regardless of whether she gave birth or not) upon reaching the age of six to prevent a number of serious diseases that can lead to death.

Indications for sterilization:

incessant discharge from the female’s vagina;
tumors or pathological changes in the ovaries or uterus.

As a rule, sterilization is a means that can solve the above problems, preventing the occurrence of more serious abnormalities in the body.

Surgery should not be performed during pregnancy either., since the bitch’s body will experience enormous stress. Termination of pregnancy and sterilization at the same time will serve as a real blow to the hormonal system of the pet, which will ultimately lead to a number of complications.

The operation is performed only on clinically healthy animals.

A dog can only be sterilized if it has:

Attention! Before sterilization, a 12-hour fasting break is required and 4 hours before surgery, avoidance of drinking.

Is it possible to sterilize during? According to most veterinarians, it is better to perform an ovariohysterectomy a couple of weeks before the animal’s first heat (8 – 9 months).

In addition to its main purpose, this operation serves as an excellent preventive measure for breast tumors. A neoplasm in this organ is estrogen-reactive, and if the hormone is absent in the body, then the tumor will not develop.

Sterilization can be carried out at any time, but it is better if there is no heat at this moment. The situation is different with pathological processes in the animal’s body (for example, incessant estrus), in which surgery will act as a means of first necessity.

Advantages and disadvantages

Positive aspects of sterilizing a female:

Safety and relative painless operation.
Prevention of diseases of the female genital organs(polycystic ovary syndrome) without the use of hormonal drugs.
Prevention emergence and development malignant neoplasms(mammary cancer).
Getting rid of unwanted behavioral deviations during the bitch’s sexual activity (unmotivated barking, bursts of aggression, marking territory).
Changes in female behavior for the better ( the animal asks for more affection, attention, loves to sleep).
Reduce the risk of injury or death from an accident ( the bitch does not try to run away from home at any opportunity).
No unwanted offspring.

Negative points:

Possible weight gain due to a slowdown in metabolic processes after surgery.
Sometimes after surgery there is a side effect - weakening of the bladder sphincter, and as a consequence -
Since the operation is performed under general anesthesia, it is more difficult for animals to recover from anesthesia than for humans.

Post-operative care

After surgery, the animal needs rest. Place in a secluded place without drafts bedding with disposable diaper(spontaneous release of urine and ichor is possible).

Recovery from anesthesia lasts on average 2–12 hours.

During the dog's recovery from anesthesia, the owner should be nearby: every 30 minutes the female should be turned over to the other side and control her behavior(the animal may try to jump up, jump high, which is fraught with complications).

The owner should monitor the condition of the wound. At first it should be protected by a blanket and treated with an antiseptic.

Also, the veterinarian usually prescribes antibiotic therapy or other drugs depending on the animal's health condition.

If after 5 days the seam is wet and red, you will need to consult a doctor - possible development of an inflammatory process. You should also contact your veterinarian if your animal has symptoms within 5 days of surgery.

Important! A sterilized female dog should never be overfed, otherwise there is a high risk of developing obesity. While walking, you should increase your physical activity.

How much does it cost to sterilize a dog? The average price for ovariohysterectomy ranges from from 2000 to 10000 rubles depending on the sterilization method, the level of the clinic, the qualifications of the veterinarian and the medications used.

To do or not to have surgery? This is up to the owner of the bitch to decide, but he should be guided by common sense and, of course, love for his pet.

Additionally, watch a short video about dog sterilization:

Your dog is tormenting you with unbearable behavior during heat, and you decide to sterilize your pet?

Find out whether the surgery will really change his behavior, and what your dog will be like after sterilization.

Are you hoping to correct your pet's behavior? Find out what your dog will be like after sterilization

A person who is truly interested in the issue of sterilizing his dog is driven by the desire to forever forget about the pet’s antics during sexual activity. And if you have decided to take this step, it means that you have really been tormented by deafening barking, disobedience and crowds of male dogs around your pet during a walk.

It’s good that before putting your animal under the knife, you decided to learn more about the possible consequences of the operation. Veterinarians are gradually accustoming us to the idea that sterilization is a simple planned operation that should not cause problems with the pet’s health. Let's see if this is true.

Sterilization is a surgical operation to remove the gonads from an animal. After sterilization, a dog is deprived of the opportunity to have offspring and ceases to exhibit sexual desire.

Let's clarify the terminology

There are two types of surgical intervention for castration of a female dog: oophorectomy and ovariohysterectomy.

Ovariectomy is an abdominal operation to remove the ovaries. During an ovariohysterectomy, the uterus is removed along with the ovaries. After castration, the dog will not be able to have offspring and will not be sexually active. The bitch stops estrus because she is not producing eggs.

Ovariohysterectomy is most often used when spaying female dogs.

Medicine

Before the operation, the veterinarian will examine the dog: weigh it, measure its temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and take blood and urine tests. The animal must be healthy.

Preoperative examination allows you to check the functioning of the entire body and the most important organs: heart, lungs, kidneys, liver. If any contraindications are identified, the doctor will prescribe an additional examination: ultrasound, ECG. During anesthesia, especially if the animal is not young, chronic diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory and excretory systems may worsen, so preoperative examination is of great importance.

Have you decided to sterilize your dog? Find out when is the best time to have surgery

Sterilization or castration is done to the animal after the completion of puberty. Each breed of dog “matures” at different periods, much depends on the size of the animal. On average, a dog reaches sexual maturity at the age of 8-10 months. It is at this time, before the onset of the first heat, that sterilization of the dog is recommended due to the reduction in the likelihood of mammary tumors occurring in the future.

In reality, dogs are sterilized much later. This usually happens at a time when the owner’s patience is running out and he is ready to take this drastic step for the sake of peace in the house. Stop! Weigh the pros and cons.

Find out the pros and cons of neutering dogs

Veterinarians rarely talk about this: the disadvantages of sterilizing dogs

Risk of general anesthesia. Sterilization is carried out under general anesthesia, after which the animal may not wake up. After awakening, exacerbations of hidden chronic diseases of internal organs are possible.
Development of complications. The consequences of sterilizing a dog can be severe postoperative complications: bleeding, infections, hernias, inflammation of the sutures, their rupture or gnawing.
A dog may develop urinary incontinence after spaying. This is expressed in the fact that at any time of the day the dog will urinate on itself. In some animals, incontinence occurs sporadically. Other sterilized dogs suffer from this disease constantly.

Obesity. As a result of hormonal imbalance, a sterilized dog's metabolism is disrupted. Estrus no longer occurs, and the animal becomes less mobile and shows increased interest in food. The risk of obesity in a sterilized dog compared to an unsterilized one increases by 1.5–2 times.

The listed disadvantages are only part of the consequences of sterilizing a dog. The body of each animal reacts to surgical intervention individually. However, even this information is enough to make you think: is it worth going to peace in the house at the cost of the health of your beloved pet?

Sterilization of a dog: advantages of the operation

After the operation, the dog will not be able to become pregnant or give birth to puppies.

How is a dog sterilized? A few words about care after surgery

If the veterinarian is satisfied with the results of the preoperative examination, he will set a date and time for surgery.

At the appointed time, you must come to the veterinary clinic; before this, the animal is kept on a starvation diet for 12 hours. Before surgery, your pet will be given a sedative injection to help relax. After this, the animal is taken from its owners and sent to a separate cage. The owner will see his beloved dog after the operation.

Let us remind you that the operation is performed under general anesthesia. Sterilization lasts about an hour. After this, the dog is again sent to the cage and is under the supervision of a veterinarian for some more time.

The animal is given to the unconscious owner. Often a dog in this state has his eyes half-open and his dry tongue sticks out of his mouth. A surgical suture will appear on your pet's stomach.

After sterilization, the dog needs careful care. When you bring your pet home, the most difficult stage for her will begin - recovery from anesthesia. The dog will shiver (very cold is felt when coming out of anesthesia), it will be thirsty, and the animal may wet itself.

At this time, it is important to stay close to your pet and monitor its condition. If your dog gets worse, call your veterinarian.

To make your dog suffer less from the cold, place it on a bedding and cover it with a warm cloth. Do not place the bed on a sofa or chair. The pet, while under the influence of anesthesia, cannot control its movements. The dog is at risk of falling, hitting its head, breaking or dislocating a leg.

Sex Barrier is the most humane solution to problems of unwanted dog behavior. Instead of sterilization

We know how important peace of mind in your home, health and safety of your four-legged friend are to you. Therefore, we offer a humane alternative to dog sterilization - the use of the drug to regulate sexual heat, Sex Barrier.

Sex Barrier is the choice of experienced breeders and dog owners. The drug has won their trust thanks to the following competitive advantages.

Although the operation still has many opponents, bough is used throughout the world for population control. Even the most caring and attentive owner cannot be one hundred percent sure that his pet will not break off the leash and go to get to know some male dogs better.

Giving away a litter of mixed breeds is not an easy task, and killing helpless newborn puppies is not humane. It is much better to prevent them from appearing.

The heat itself is also a sad time for the owner. Twice a year, he is forced to buy special underwear for the dog so that it does not dirty the apartment, while the animal regularly strives to get rid of unnecessary clothes and do hygiene procedures.

Some owners of bitches prefer not to sterilize their animals, but to use hormonal drugs to prevent estrus. However, such drugs have many side effects. For example, they contribute to the appearance of cysts on the ovaries and inflammation of the uterus, after which sterilization becomes urgently necessary.

When to spay a dog

Doctors have different opinions about at what age it is best to sterilize a dog. Some veterinarians offer such services as early as five to six months of age, while others recommend scheduling surgery after the dog's first heat, which is eight to ten months. Sterilization too early (before five months) is not advisable. Puppies' organs are actively growing, and removing some of them can lead to deformation of the remaining ones. You can also sterilize an adult dog, but the operation is not recommended for older females.

As a rule, sterilization is carried out under general anesthesia, and such stress can cause irreparable harm to the cardiovascular system of an elderly animal.

When planning to register your dog for sterilization, focus not only on the age, but also on the health status of the animal. Your dog must be absolutely healthy. When working with young bitches, the veterinarian, as a rule, is limited to a visual examination, measuring temperature, and listening to heart rhythm. For animals over five years old, blood and urine tests are taken and an ECG is performed. If you are determined to sterilize your dog, do not delay the operation. The sooner you do it, the faster your pet will recover and live a full life again.

Any pet needs care and proper care. However, some owners neglect the natural needs of their pets, in particular, the instinct of procreation. Meanwhile, mating has a huge impact on the dog’s body. Its absence can cause various diseases, including the development of malignant tumors. To prevent serious consequences, it is better to sterilize the animal.

What is sterilization?

Sterilization is a surgical intervention on a dog's reproductive organs, as a result of which the animal loses the ability to give birth to offspring. During the operation, the specialist removes the ovaries and uterus. The procedure itself is considered quite simple, however, it must be carried out by a qualified veterinarian in a specialized institution.

As for the difference between sterilization and castration, there are some aspects. Sterilization applies to females. This is the name of the operation to remove female reproductive organs. Castration is the surgical removal of the testes from male dogs.

The sterilization process can be performed in two ways: surgical and laparoscopic. The first method involves sterilization through an incision in the abdominal cavity (abdominal surgery). Laparoscopy involves 2-3 small punctures in the dog's abdomen. This is a modern method of surgical intervention, after which the pet quickly recovers. Chemical sterilization of dogs is not currently used.

Why is sterilization necessary?

The instinct of procreation is one of the strongest. Therefore, during estrus, the animal tries in every possible way to find a mate. Sterilization allows not only to control the dog’s reproduction, but also to prevent the development of cancer of the reproductive system and mammary glands. The risk of diseases such as pyometry and transmissible sarcoma is reduced several times.

Ideally, every animal should have a kind and caring owner. In fact, thousands of unwanted dogs become homeless, some of them end up in shelters, the rest become victims of knackers. And only a small part of animals find an owner. Many “virtues” have a negative attitude towards the sterilization procedure, considering it a mockery of the dog’s nature, while forgetting about “humane” ways of getting rid of unwanted offspring, such as euthanasia, burying alive. That is why sterilization is the optimal solution to preserve the health of the animal and regulate the birth rate.

At what age should sterilization be carried out?

Many dog owners do not know at what age to spay their dog. As a rule, in females, sterilization is carried out before the onset of the first estrus at the age of 4–6 months in the absence of contraindications. According to some experts, surgery performed before the first estrus is much easier for animals to tolerate. Experts recommend castration no earlier than 6 months of age, otherwise the dog may experience significant delays in growth and development.

Before sterilizing a dog, it is imperative to consult a veterinarian, since there are diseases for which such a procedure is contraindicated. If your pet becomes pregnant, it is better to postpone the operation for 1.5 months and let the dog enjoy motherhood. However, there are exceptions here too. If an animal, for medical reasons, cannot bear puppies, then sterilization is carried out as early as possible.

Advantages and disadvantages of sterilization

Sterilizing dogs has pros and cons. Among the advantages it is worth highlighting:

stopping the production of hormones that cause many diseases;
life expectancy increases by 1–2 years;
The dog’s behavior changes after sterilization, it becomes calmer and more devoted;
the training process is simplified;
for some inflammatory diseases of the ovaries and uterus, surgery will save the pet’s life;
the dog will not run away from home in search of a sexual partner;
the likelihood of contracting sexually transmitted diseases is reduced.

In addition to the advantages, surgical intervention has its disadvantages:

the operation involves the use of general anesthesia, which carries a certain amount of risk for the animal’s body;
Some dogs develop urinary incontinence after sterilization, which can be treated;
the likelihood of developing hypothyroidism and orthopedic disorders increases;
tendency to gain weight and metabolic disorders;
unforeseen situations during the operation and in the postoperative period, for example, bleeding, infection, suture ruptures;
hidden pathologies;
allergic reactions or intolerance to anesthetics.

Considering all the disadvantages and advantages of this medical procedure, we can add that the occurrence of side effects and complications during sterilization is minimal.

Important! Before contacting a specialist, the owner needs to consider all possible options for the development of the situation, weigh the pros and cons. At the same time, we should not forget that death during surgery is rare, but the death of an animal from sarcoma or other malignant tumors is not so rare.

Indications for sterilization

The main indications for sterilization are the following diseases:

pathologies of the uterus and tumors of various etiologies;
false pupishness;
disturbances in the functioning of the ovaries;
tumor processes in the mammary glands and external genitalia.

In addition, sterilization is indicated for hormonal imbalances when the dog suffers from prolonged estrus.

Preoperative preparation

Sterilizing a dog requires a responsible approach. Before undergoing surgery, you need to make sure that your pet is healthy. The veterinarian must order blood and urine tests, conduct an examination of the peritoneum, and obtain permission from a cardiologist. If during testing a dog is found to have a chronic disease, maintenance therapy is required. First you need to stabilize the animal’s condition and only then sterilize it. The surgeon must be aware of the health problems of his four-legged patient.

2-3 days before the operation, the dog is given light food, since the animal’s intestinal tract must be completely empty during the procedure. A day before, the pet is given a drug with a laxative effect, which will be prescribed by a veterinarian. The dog should eat its last meal no later than 12 hours before surgery. Water is excluded 6 hours before. Some specialists, to be on the safe side, prescribe modern antibiotics in the preoperative period.

Operation

The operation takes about two hours. As a rule, it is carried out in the morning, since, according to numerous observations, the dog feels best at this time. When sterilization is carried out before the first heat, only the ovaries are removed using laparoscopy. If the animal has already been in heat, the specialist also removes the uterus. In males the process goes faster. The doctor makes a small incision in the scrotum through which the testes are removed.

After surgery, the animal is transferred to a special bedding. After anesthesia, the pet should not be given anything to drink; you can only moisten the tongue and face with water. Food is given only on the second day. It is better to choose pates, minced meat and liquid porridges as the main food. In the first 2 weeks, the pet needs to treat the stitches with antiseptic agents.

Important! To prevent the dog from licking the seams, you should use special blankets or collars.

Features of care after sterilization

Sterilizing a dog requires rehabilitation measures that will help restore the animal’s body. Caring for your dog after sterilization is as follows:

careful processing of seams;
the use of antibiotics that are administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly;
if the dog had concomitant diseases, the veterinarian will prescribe a course of intravenous infusions;
special instructions at the discretion of the attending physician.

If the owner cannot independently care for it, administer injections and carry out other veterinary appointments, then the dog is left in the hospital for 7-10 days. Once the stitches are removed, no special care will be required.

Nutrition for a sterilized dog

As a rule, sterilized dogs have an increased appetite. The reason lies in the acceleration of metabolism. Therefore, dogs often gain excess weight after sterilization. In order not to harm your pet, you should follow simple rules. First of all, it is necessary to reduce the caloric content of foods, while all the necessary microelements and vitamins must be present in the animal’s diet.

It is advisable to switch your pet to special dry food for sterilized dogs. In specialized stores it is sold as light. This food contains a lot of fiber and a minimal amount of fat. Fiber helps normalize digestion and increases in the dog’s gastrointestinal tract, causing it to become quickly full.

Everything else remains unchanged. The animal should also be given raw meat, porridge with vegetable oil. Fermented milk products, eggs, raw vegetables, chopped in a meat grinder or blender, are useful. You should not give your four-legged friend sweets and baked goods; they not only contain a lot of sugar, but are also too high in calories.

In general, sterilization is a useful and important procedure. Thanks to the operation, the dog’s quality of life improves and its duration increases. After all, many serious diseases will bypass your pet.

In contact with

Dog after sterilization in a homemade blanket

I noticed that I’ve already started several articles with a short story that happened to me in practice, this post will not be an exception. Today I’ll tell you about Antonovna - she’s an old friend of mine who has a small dog of an unknown breed, but her grandmother is sure that her girl is of pure blood. For us, it doesn’t make much difference whether she is purebred or not, because the breed has no influence on what happened to her.

You may ask, what does the grandmother and the sterilization of the bitch have to do with it? The fact is that Antonovna makes a tour of the territory every morning and every evening, walking with her companion through the neighboring courtyards. When a dog goes into heat, the grandmother always fastens a leash and arms herself with a rod to ward off persistent males.

During the next walk, during the period of heat, despite the precautions, trouble happened. The grandmother met her friends, began to discuss the latest important news and did not notice how the groom crept up behind her. When the male was noticed, it was already too late - the dogs got together. It’s probably been a long time since those around you have heard such a variety of real Russian words, and the dog has never received so much in the soft spot.

As a result, after a couple of months, Antonovna once again became a grandmother. The puppies were not drowned or thrown into the trash, they were raised and given a home, but, unfortunately, as you understand, this rarely happens.

This little story tells of just one case involving unwanted behavior in a dog during mating season. And there can be a lot of similar situations and not a single dog owner is immune from this. The author is not advocating to sterilize all female dogs indiscriminately, but I hope you will be interested in knowing what it is, why this operation is performed and when.

Spaying a bitch in questions and answers

My friends have a lot of questions about sterilizing a female dog, so I wrote this article specifically to understand this topic. I didn’t try to be original by inventing a bicycle, but took a list of frequently asked questions on the forums and simply answered them.

What is sterilization?

Sterilization is a surgical operation after which the female loses her ability to reproduce. Of course, you can write abstrusely, using Latin and various multi-story terms, but we are not giving a report at a symposium, so we will try to be simpler.

There are many options for this operation, for example, you can remove only the ovaries or ligate the oviducts. But, in my opinion, if you sterilize a female dog, it is better to cut out the genitals as a whole block: the ovaries, oviducts, uterus and part of the vagina. In this case, fewer complications arise, and then there will be no need to re-enter the abdominal cavity.

Misconceptions or myths about dog spaying

1. Most often, people are afraid that the dog will quickly gain weight after surgery. Yes, it will, if you don’t watch her diet.

After sterilization, the bitch does not need to look for a partner for mating, so she will spend less energy, which will lead to excess weight if she does not watch her diet.

But look - people successfully feed their pets who have not been under the surgeon’s knife. In any case, animals need to be fed rationally, taking into account their energy needs.

2.To be healthy, a dog needs to give birth at least once. Pregnancy is a physiological process during which the body has to take additional resources from somewhere. Nature designed it this way: first, the fetus is provided with everything necessary, and then the mother.

Now imagine, a dog eats food with insufficient amounts of microelements or has diarrhea and these microelements did not reach their destination, but the fetus needs them now. Then the mother will give the necessary components from her body. This is why illnesses appear or worsen after pregnancy.

Moreover, early sterilization of the female dog, before her first heat, will save her from the appearance of malignant tumors. Or rather, the likelihood of a tumor appearing will significantly decrease, to about 0.5%, in comparison with dogs that have already been in heat.

3. My dog will not tolerate anesthesia. Yes, there is a risk of complications during anesthesia, but if the animal is young and healthy, if the doctor does everything correctly, then the risk is minimal. Let's just say that you are taking the same risk as with other abdominal surgery.

4. The dog will become lazy after the operation. Indeed, sex hormones play a big role in the life of an animal, including their influence on behavior. But behavior depends more on the dog’s temperament, and then on hormones. If your animal had a playful disposition and will remain so, hormones can only enhance the manifestation of character.

Remember how puppies play before puberty, when the ovaries are not yet working at full capacity, one can shake the entire litter along with the mother, while the other does not bother anyone, is constantly thoughtful and likes to take a nap.

5. You cannot deprive a dog of the joy of motherhood, it is not humane. Don’t worry, no one will judge your girl for not having children and she won’t bother about it.

Animals are more guided by instincts, they do not plan their family life, do not think about how many children they will have and what to feed them. Should we, people, think about whether it is humane or not to drown newborn puppies and leave them on the street?

Here's another live example

The photo shows an operated dog wearing a homemade blanket made from the owner’s T-shirt; of course, you can buy a special one, but a homemade one is no worse.

After surgery wearing a blanket made from a T-shirt

After an operation such as sterilization of a female dog, it is necessary to close the stitches, otherwise the animal may remove them ahead of time. Also, to avoid complications, you need to treat the wound every day, which you can do yourself without the participation of a doctor. In our case, the first days we used a regular 3% peroxide solution, and the threads were moistened with brilliant green.

Seams treated with brilliant green

When the wound had dried, they wiped it with peroxide once a day, dried it, and then applied Levomekol liniment.

Two weeks later, the stitches were removed, and in this photo you can see the tummy after the female was successfully spayed.

The stitches are finally out

I could continue this post on this topic for a long time, but in order not to tire the readers, I’ll stop, and in conclusion, we’ll list the benefits we get after sterilizing a female dog.

Why do this operation?

We will get rid of unwanted pregnancy, which can happen even if you protect your girl, remember what happened with Antonovna?
We will not have problems with behavior during estrus, when the female loses her head and thinks in a completely different place.
If we remove the ovaries before they start working, that is, before the first estrus, then we will subsequently save our animal from malignant tumors.
Sterilization helps to completely get rid of false pregnancy, which happens very often.
In addition, this operation is necessary for some diseases, for example pyometra or uterine torsion.

As I already said, the author is not advocating for the universal sterilization of females; everything needs to be approached wisely and act according to the circumstances. If your dog is not giving you any trouble during heat, and if you can control her behavior without using hormones, then you can do without surgery.

But if your dog’s mother or grandmother expressed sexual instincts, they had tumors and you don’t need offspring, then it is better to operate. I look forward to your questions or additions regarding sterilization of a female dog in the comments.