What causes stomatitis. Stomatitis in adults: treatment methods

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane in the oral cavity, as a protective reaction of the immune system to various irritants. It usually occurs in children, but recently, due to an unfavorable environmental situation and a massive decrease in immunity among the population, stomatitis has begun to appear more often in adults, the treatment of which we will discuss in this article.

Causes of stomatitis in adults

Bacteria, mycoplasmas, viruses

Various infectious agents have been implicated in the development of oral ulcers. However, for their reproduction additional provoking factors are required, since normally opportunistic bacteria are constantly present in the mucous membrane of the oropharynx and do not cause irritation.

Unbalanced diet

With irrational, poor nutrition, the risk of developing stomatitis increases, especially with regard to insufficient intake of B vitamins, folic acid, iron, and zinc.

Thermal, mechanical, chemical trauma to the oral cavity

Usually patients themselves pay attention to the fact that stomatitis appeared in response to some kind of damage. Thus, stomatitis in the mouth of adults often appears after biting the cheek, a scratch on the sharp edge of a crown, a fragment of a tooth, a denture, after injury from solid food, nuts, crackers, dried fish, etc., or occurs after a chemical burn with acids or alkalis. Most often, minor injuries heal easily, but with other unfavorable factors, stomatitis may develop.

Violations of personal hygiene rules, eating unwashed fruits, eating with dirty hands.
Dentures are of poor quality or poorly installed.
Excessive oral hygiene, especially with regard to the use of toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate; this substance can significantly reduce salivation, thereby leading to dehydration of the oral cavity, and the mucous membrane becomes vulnerable to acids and other irritants.
The use of medications that affect saliva production, reducing salivation, taking diuretics.
Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption contribute to the development of mouth ulcers.
Accompanying illnesses

Very often, stomatitis is a barometer that determines the presence of any disease in a patient, that is, dysfunction of a particular system provokes the development of stomatitis, for example:

With frequent stomatitis in adults, further comprehensive examination sometimes reveals cancer of the nose, neck, and pharynx.
Also, after treatment of malignant neoplasms, radiation, chemotherapy, stomatitis may appear.
Gastrointestinal diseases such as colitis, gastritis, as well as helminthic infestations contribute to the development of ulcers in the mouth and tongue.
After severe dehydration from prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, significant blood loss, prolonged fever.
In HIV-infected people, the risk of stomatitis is very high (see).
Hormonal diseases or natural hormonal surges in women during pregnancy and menopause.
In patients with diabetes mellitus, bacterial stomatitis of the aphthous type is common.
Persons with are also at high risk.
In patients with bronchial asthma who use hormones in inhalers for treatment, candidal lesions of the oral cavity are common.
Anemia is also a risk factor for developing stomatitis.

Stomatitis is classified depending on the pathogen

Bacterial - caused by streptococci or staphylococci, which are part of the permanent microflora of the oral cavity and tonsils. They manifest themselves as pustules, which quickly open and form ulcers and erosions.
Viral - these are lesions of the Epstein-Barr virus (herpetic stomatitis) or herpes simplex (herpes stomatitis). These pathogens lead to blistering eruptions with clear contents, which are transparent until the addition of secondary bacterial flora. The bubbles then open and erode.
Fungal - most often occurs after a course of antibiotics or when the immune system fails, when there is increased growth of Candida fungi. It appears as dense white deposits, the removal of which leads to painful erosions.
Radiation - is a consequence of radiation sickness, the action of ionizing radiation. It manifests itself as erosions and areas of thickening of the mucosa.
Chemical burns of the oral cavity with alkalis or acid, ulcers form, later they scar and deform the mucous membrane.

Symptoms of stomatitis in adults

What does stomatitis look like in adults? Usually, the signs of stomatitis for all types of lesions are the same; in adults, stomatitis very rarely occurs acutely, with symptoms of general intoxication, high fever, etc. However, in any case, if the following signs of stomatitis appear, you should consult a doctor, since in the absence of treatment and Eliminating the causes of its occurrence increases the risk of future relapses:

Typically, stomatitis begins with slight redness of the affected area, then the area around the source of inflammation becomes edematous, swollen, painful, possibly with a burning sensation.
With ordinary bacterial stomatitis, the next day a single oval or round ulcer forms in this place, an inflamed red halo appears around it, a thin white film forms in the center, the edges of the ulcer are smooth.
In addition to the ulcer itself, which is very painful, a person is bothered by increased salivation and bleeding gums.
Often, the pain from stomatitis is so severe that it prevents many people from chewing food normally, forcing them to limit their movements with their lips and tongue.
In acute stomatitis, body temperature may rise to 39C, and the lymph nodes will become enlarged.
The favorite place for localization of ulcers during stomatitis is the lips on the inside, cheeks, tonsils and soft palate, sometimes appearing on the tongue or under it.

Catarrhal stomatitis, caused by a banal violation of oral hygiene, with a mild course can be treated at home on your own, and after a week the person forgets about its appearance. In this case, you should use antiseptic mouth rinses and follow a diet that excludes spicy, hard, too salty or sour, too hot or cold foods.

However, in case of massive damage and some of its serious forms - aphthous, herpetic, ulcerative, you should consult a dentist or therapist. How to treat stomatitis in adults? Treatment of this disease should consist of a set of procedures to quickly eliminate discomfort, pain, and also to avoid the progression and transition of stomatitis into a chronic recurrent form.

Use of painkillers

Sometimes the pain of ulcers greatly interferes with the patient’s ability to lead a normal lifestyle and eat. Therefore, your doctor may recommend the use of some local anesthetics, such as:

Cathegel with lidocaine (gel in a syringe 170 rubles, prices 2018)- in case of severe pain, you can use a local anesthetic for superficial anesthesia, this is lidocaine + chlorhexidine.
Hexoral tabs (160 rubles)— the lozenges contain Benzocaine and Chlorhexidine, they have a local analgesic and antimicrobial effect.
Lidocaine Asept (spray 300 RUR)- an antiseptic with a local anesthetic, often used to treat erosive lesions of the mucous membrane and aphthous stomatitis.
Lidochlor is a combined drug in the form of a gel that has an antiseptic and local anesthetic effect; the antimicrobial effect and analgesia occur within 5 minutes after applying the gel.
Kalanchoe juice, decoction, calendula, sage- Can also be used for pain relief and treatment of ulcers.

Antiseptic, anti-inflammatory drugs for stomatitis

In adults, treatment of stomatitis must necessarily include mouth rinses, ointments, sprays, gels, absorbable tablets, lozenges with antimicrobial action:

Inhalipt spray (80 RUR), Hexoral spray (170 RUR), Lugol spray (100 RUR), Vinylin gel (100 RUR).
Holisal dental gel (190 rubles)- dental gel, a combined preparation with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects.
Kamistad (280 rubles) is a dental gel with an antiseptic and anesthetic effect, which contains lidocaine and chamomile.
Ingafitol, Evcarom(50 rubles) - a collection for inhalation and mouth rinsing, consisting of chamomile flowers and eucalyptus leaves.
Stomatidine (hexetidine solution 270 RUR)- antiseptic with antimicrobial and weak analgesic effect
Kameton (70 rubles) - aerosol and spray
Eucalyptus M (200 RUR) – lozenges
- gel, used as initial therapy for ulcers.

Antiviral, antifungal, antihistamines

They are used depending on the cause of stomatitis, for herpetic stomatitis in adults, treatment consists of the use of antiviral agents in ointments, tablets, for fungal origin of stomatitis (thrush) antifungal agents are used, antihistamines should be used for allergic stomatitis and other types lesions of the oral mucosa.

Antifungal- nystatin ointment, Levorin, Miconazole gel, Daktarin, Mycozon.
Antiviral- Acyclovir, Zovirax, tebrofen, interferon ointment, bonaftone, oxolinic ointment.
Antihistamines- in tablets Tavegil, Suprastin, Loratodin, Claritin, Fenistil.

Agents that accelerate epithelial healing

Solcoseryl dental (380 rub.) - dental paste that improves trophism and stimulates the process of tissue regeneration in case of stomatitis.
Karotolin is an oil solution for external use as an antioxidant, vitamin A.
Sea buckthorn oil (100 rubles), (70 rubles) also have an additional healing effect, because create a protective film.
or Shostakovsky balm, also helps cleanse wounds, accelerates epithelization and tissue regeneration, and has an anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect.
Propolis spray (140 rubles)- an additional remedy for stomatitis in adults, has a beneficial effect on various skin lesions, ulcers, and herpes.

There is a certain classification of stomatitis depending on the pathogen, causes and severity of the inflammatory process of the oral mucosa:

Allergic stomatitis

Today, 30% of the population experience various types of allergic reactions to seemingly harmless substances - plant pollen, food, animal hair, medications, etc. When contacting certain medications or dentures, especially sensitive people may develop allergic stomatitis in oral cavity.

This type of stomatitis is not considered as a separate disease, since it is only part of the general allergic manifestation and treatment comes down to eliminating the allergen, taking antihistamines such as Tavegil, Cetrin, Suprastin, sometimes these drugs are used in the form of applications.

This type of stomatitis is the most common among all types of viral stomatitis, and there are quite a few of them - this includes the chickenpox virus, the influenza virus, and adenoviruses. Among them, the herpes simplex virus is the leader in the frequency of lesions of the oral mucosa. In 90% of cases, the adult population is a carrier of the herpes virus; after the first encounter with it in childhood, it remains in the body in a latent state, without causing any discomfort or causing disease.

But, if for some reason there is a decrease in the body’s defenses, hypothermia, stress, overwork, exacerbation of chronic diseases, and also trauma to the oral mucosa occurs, the virus can become more active and manifest itself in the form of recurrent herpetic stomatitis, which most often forms on the cheeks , tongue and palate.

With herpetic stomatitis in adults, there is usually no acute reaction of the body, such as an increase in body temperature, symptoms of general intoxication, etc. The blisters begin to form in a group at once, then they burst and merge, forming a rather painful erosion.

Herpetic stomatitis under the tongue

Therapy for all viral stomatitis, including herpetic stomatitis, includes:

Relieving pain with anesthetics - Lidochlor, Lidocaine Asept, etc.
Relieving inflammation with local anti-inflammatory drugs - Cholisal, Solcoseryl, Karotolin (vitamin A), rosehip oil, accelerating wound healing with Kamistad.
The use of antihistamines local and oral.
Taking (sprays, ointments, gels) is possible only as prescribed by a doctor - Oxolin, Acyclovir, Zovirax, Viru Merz Serol, Giporamin (sea buckthorn extract, which has a pronounced antiviral effect). Mass media .
Vitamin therapy is indicated to improve immunity; it is also possible to use immunomodulators on the recommendation of the attending physician - Cycloferon, Immunal, Polyoxidonium, etc.

Treatment of aphthous stomatitis in adults

To date, the exact causes of this type of stomatitis have not yet been clarified, and some consider adenoviruses and staphylococci to be its causative agent, others attribute it to viral diseases.

Aphthous stomatitis is considered by some doctors as one of the manifestations of general damage to the mucous membranes by herpetic infection, against the background of a decline in immunity. In its chronic form, rashes periodically appear on the lips and cheeks, both single elements and numerous blisters.

Its difference from simple herpetic stomatitis is the appearance of round plaques, that is, aphthae, yellow or white with a red rim. Exacerbations can be quite common and the disease can last for years. If ulcers do not heal within 1-2 weeks, then stomatitis can occur as ulcerative-necrotic. This is a very severe form of the disease, which most often indicates serious health problems in an adult - immunodeficiency conditions, various types of leukemia, radiation or poisoning with heavy metal salts.

For aphthous stomatitis in adults, treatment includes the following steps:

Treatment of aphthae with boric acid and chamomile. Add 4 grams to a glass with a decoction of chamomile. boric acid and rinse the mouth with this solution.
A weak solution of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide diluted 1:1 with water, furatsilin tablets dissolved in water are also suitable for antiseptic rinsing.
For topical treatment, you can also use sea buckthorn oil, peach oil or Kalanchoe juice.
For desensitization and detoxification, sodium thiosulfate is used; it is prescribed daily intravenously or 2-3 grams for oral administration as a 10% aqueous solution.
To increase the body's reactivity, Lysozyme, Prodigiosan, and Pyrogenal are used in combination with other medications.
A prerequisite for treatment is vitamin therapy, especially Vitamin C, B1, B6, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, folic acid.
Sedatives and antihistamines are also indicated for aphthous stomatitis.
Physiotherapeutic methods can be used for treatment: , Ultrasound.
Diet is also of particular importance; coarse, spicy, sweet foods, alcohol, and smoking are excluded.
The occurrence of aphthous stomatitis in adults is associated with various pathologies of the endocrine, nervous systems, and gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, prevention of relapse in this stomatitis involves treating concomitant diseases.

Candidal stomatitis in adults

This type of stomatitis occurs mainly only in very weakened people, in patients with diabetes mellitus, during therapy with steroid hormones (Prednisolone, Dexamethasone), in HIV-infected people, in patients with tuberculosis. Since the causative agent of thrush in the mouth is the Candida fungus, which is always present in the oral cavity normally, but under provoking factors begins to actively multiply.

A distinctive feature of this stomatitis is that a curdled coating and white spots first appear on the mucous membrane, when removed, a swollen, reddened inflammatory focus is formed; if the fungal layers begin to layer, then painful erosions form under a dense film. In addition to these symptoms, fungal stomatitis is characterized by seizures, cracks in the corners of the mouth, burning and pain while eating.

For candidal stomatitis in adults, treatment includes the following set of measures:

The use of antifungal drugs locally and orally - Fluconazole, Pimafucin, Nystatin, Clotrimazole, Levorin, etc. only as prescribed by a doctor.
Treatment of the affected surface with antifungal ointments, gels, solutions - Nystatin ointment, Levorin ointment, Miconazole gel
Dentures and the oral cavity are treated with soda solutions, 2-4% borax solution, solution, Lugol spray,.
Dietary food that excludes easily digestible carbohydrates - confectionery, flour, sweet dishes.

The reasons for such a violation of the oral microflora should be identified together with a gastroenterologist or endocrinologist.

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth, lips or cheeks, which manifests itself as a consequence of decreased immunity under the influence of colds and other aggressive factors.

The disease seems to us like an annoying minor ailment, but in fact, stomatitis can manifest itself as a result of serious immunity disorders and systemic diseases.

Causes of stomatitis

There is no consensus on the causes of the disease, but the most common version is this:

As we know, the immune system, when receiving threatening signals (for example, unrecognized molecules), reacts by increasing the production of lymphocytes, which attack the source of danger like soldiers.

So, if a potential focus of infection forms on the mucous membrane (for example, as a result of injury), the immune system launches an attack of lymphocytes and an ulcer with whitish contents forms in this place.

This happens if you accidentally bite your cheek. But the etiology of stomatitis is not exhausted by this simple example.

Opportunistic bacteria in the mouth

The microflora of the oral mucosa throughout life contains opportunistic bacteria - streptococci, staphylococci, spirochetes and other microorganisms.

Such a “zoo” is normal for a healthy person. Imagine if the mouth was kept completely sterile. Firstly, this is technically difficult to ensure, and secondly, the accidental entry of one type of bacteria in this situation will lead to total reproduction in the absence of competition from other microorganisms.

Therefore, it is safer and easier for the body to maintain a dynamic balance (constancy) of the system, in which the antibacterial components of saliva inhibit the development of microflora, but do not destroy it.

A significant deviation from the usual, harmonious balance is perceived by the immune system as a danger, which provokes the need to isolate lymphocytes.

Factors that provoke stomatitis

The balance of microorganisms in the mouth may change as a result of:

Decreased immunity (less antibacterial agents are produced and flora multiplies more actively);
Injuries - accidental cheek biting, burns or scratches;
Reduced salivation as a result of overly careful hygiene;
Taking medications that affect saliva production;
Somatic (internal) diseases of the body also affect the composition of saliva and the activity of microflora.
Insufficient cleaning of the oral cavity from food debris, due to which the microflora multiplies more intensively.

Some toothpastes contain sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), which creates abundant foam when brushing teeth, but at the same time causes dehydration of the mucous membrane, increasing the risk of stomatitis. If you suffer from frequent stomatitis, pay attention to this component when purchasing hygiene products.

Types and classification of stomatitis

Let us recall that the formation of stomatitis is associated with the body’s immune response to dangerous irritants. The types of stomatitis according to etiology are determined by a specific irritant.

Types of stomatitis by etiology:

Infectious;
allergic;
Traumatic;
Symptomatic.

Infectious stomatitis is divided into viral, bacterial and fungal.

A common example of a viral type is herpetic stomatitis.

Chronic herpetic stomatitis

A subtype of stomatitis is caused by the activation of the herpes virus, or Epstein-Barr virus, the presence of which is expected in an average of 90% of the population. Favorite places to localize herpetic stomatitis: cheeks, lips, palate, tongue.

A characteristic sign is the formation on the surface of the mucous membrane of bubbles containing a clear liquid and united among themselves into groups. The areas of inflammation are very painful. Recurrences of herpetic stomatitis may be accompanied by fever and general malaise.

Photo of herpetic stomatitis

Allergic stomatitis

This is a local manifestation of allergies in the oral cavity. Substances entering the body are recognized by the immune system as acceptable or dangerous.

In some cases, the immune system reacts to harmless molecules (for example, plant pollen) as if it were dealing with a harmful virus - it produces antibodies. Antibodies attack target cells and also cause the release of histamine and destroy their own healthy cells. Histamine causes spasms of smooth muscles, burning, swelling and redness of tissues.

Toxic denture stomatitis

On the oral mucosa, allergic stomatitis can be caused by substances contained in fillings, dentures and medications. Treatment of allergic stomatitis is most often prescribed on the basis of antihistamines, which reduce the body's hypersensitivity. A type of allergic stomatitis is aphthous stomatitis.

Symptoms of stomatitis

Based on the type of course and symptoms, catarrhal, ulcerative and aphthous stomatitis are distinguished.

Chronic aphthous stomatitis

It is characterized by the formation of purulent aphthae - ulcers on the surface of the mucous membrane with a diameter of up to 1 cm. Aphthae are localized on the lips, cheeks, and tongue. The average duration of the full cycle of the disease is 8-10 days.

Catarrhal stomatitis

Characteristic symptoms:

the oral cavity swells, pain and hyperemia appear (outwardly manifested as redness).
there is increased salivation (hypersalivation);
additional signs are bleeding gums, bad breath.

Ulcerative stomatitis

The symptoms of ulcerative stomatitis at the initial stage are similar to catarrhal stomatitis, but later they become more severe.

The disease is accompanied by deep necrosis (destruction of cells) throughout the entire thickness of the mucous membrane. Additional symptoms are inflammation of the lymph nodes and a slight increase in temperature.

Unlike the aphthous form, the damage and breakdown of cells is not point-by-point in nature, but can form large areas covered with a light coating.

Features of stomatitis in children

If a child is capricious and refuses food, it is a good idea to make sure there is no stomatitis. To do this, slightly pull your lower lip and check for inflammation and white spots in your mouth.

It is typical that a day before the formation of ulcers, the child’s tongue is sprinkled with small bubbles (the so-called geographic tongue).

Correlation of the type of stomatitis and the age of the child:

infants under one year of age are more susceptible to candidal stomatitis;
for children from one to 3 years of age, there is a high risk of Bednar’s aphthous stomatitis;
School-age children are more likely to suffer from aphthous and allergic stomatitis.

Treatment of stomatitis

Anesthesia

Inflammations on the mucous membrane are quite painful, so the patient’s condition is greatly alleviated by anesthetics. The action of painkillers, lozenges, ointments and sprays is based on the main modern anesthetics: anesthesin, dicaine, promecaine, lidocaine.

Anestezin is included in the composition of Hexoral-tabs lozenges. Based on lidocaine with the addition of chamomile, Kamistad gel is used to relieve pain symptoms. Another drug with this anesthetic is Lidocaine Asept.

Antimicrobial therapy

To reduce foci of inflammation, treatment of aphthae with local antiseptic drugs is indicated - chamomile, a weak solution of hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine or furatsilin.

In the first days, Miramistin and Cholisal gel are also suitable for treatment.

Gels can be applied with a cotton swab several times a day, after drying the affected area with a gauze pad.

Antiviral, antifungal and antihistamine drugs

The medicine is selected by the doctor based on the specified diagnosis. Popular antihistamines for the treatment of allergic stomatitis: Tavegil, Suprastin, Claritin.

Means for the treatment of herpetic stomatitis:

Famciclovir - targets the herpes virus and cytomegalovirus. The drug is strong, the therapeutic effect is noticeable within the first day of use.
Valaciclovir acts directly on the DNA of the virus, causing its destruction. The result of use is noticeable 1-2 hours after the first dose.
Acyclovir is ineffective against most strains of the virus, and is many times cheaper than the two previous drugs.

Prices for stomatitis treatment

Treatment of stomatitis will cost from 150 rubles in public clinics from 500 rubles in private dentistry. Consultation with a periodontist in most clinics is free.

Treatment with folk remedies

Ointments

Ointment forms of drug release for stomatitis are not effective, since the ointment “rolls off” from the oral mucosa without providing a therapeutic effect. Acyclovir is used for herpes stomatitis, but only in the form of a gel, not an ointment.

Vinylin

Another name for the drug is Shostakovsky balm. Vinilin has an antiseptic and wound-healing effect and is suitable for the treatment of aphthous stomatitis. Given its low toxicity, it can be used in children. Choose an aerosol dosage form.

Solcoseryl

For ulcerative lesions of the mucous membrane, the use of Solcoseryl-gel and Actovegin-gel is justified as an additional means to accelerate tissue regeneration. For the same purposes, dentists use Methyluracil, but this drug has contraindications, so it is better to consult a doctor.

Holisal

Dentists often prescribe this particular remedy for stomatitis. Cholisal gel has pronounced antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, is well absorbed by the mucous membrane and has an analgesic effect. The disadvantage of the gel is the taste of anise oil, which increases salivation.

For minor forms, you can use home remedies to treat stomatitis. But if the condition does not improve, seek professional medical help from the best dentists in the city - rating on our website.

Stomatitis is an inflammatory disease in which small ulcers appear on the oral mucosa. They are quite painful, and their appearance can be due to various reasons. Stomatitis, the symptoms of which are mainly caused by a fungal, bacterial or viral infection, in treatment requires the elimination of the factor that turns out to be traumatic.

general description

Stomatitis is diagnosed quite often, and in patients of different age groups. If the disease manifests itself in a child under 1 year of age, then it can be suspected if he is generally restless during feeding, as well as if he refuses to feed as such.

The mechanism of development of this disease has not been fully established, but the most likely version seems to be a special reaction on the part of the immune system to the influencing irritants. In particular, it is believed that stomatitis develops when the immune system, in a unique way, for, again, still unclear reasons, begins to react to emerging molecules that it is not able to recognize. Due to the appearance of such molecules, an attack by lymphocytes occurs, similar to the situation that develops during organ transplantation. An attack against such molecules leads to the appearance of ulcerative lesions on the surface of the mucosa, and it is such ulcerative lesions that are referred to as “stomatitis”.

This disease has some features. First of all, it is worth noting the duration of the disease, which in most cases ranges from 4 days to 2 weeks. Ulcerative formations heal calmly, leaving no traces at their former location. Also, this disease can manifest itself again and again. In other words, if you had to suffer from it once, then the possibility of having stomatitis again becomes quite probable, despite the fact that there is sufficient variability in terms of the frequency of its repeated occurrence. When stomatitis recurs within several times a year, the picture of the disease can be designated as typical. Some patients experience this disease in an almost chronic form, that is, the ulcers, it would seem, have just healed when new ones are already forming.

Mostly, patients experience this disease for the first time at the age of 10-20 years, then, as they grow older, it recurs less frequently and less painfully. There are also certain statistical data on the quantitative part of the population that suffers from stomatitis - about 20% suffer from it. As for contagiousness, there is no evidence confirming the possibility of infection from person to person.

Causes of stomatitis

Stomatitis can develop under the influence of a variety of reasons, or rather, influencing factors. Considering that they play the main role in the development of this disease, below we will consider the main types of such factors.

Mechanical impact. In particular, we are talking about injury to oral tissues. For example, often patients, trying to remember why they experienced discomfort associated with stomatitis, point specifically to the previous damage. This may include normal tissue bites, trauma due to constant exposure to uneven edges of a prosthesis or crown, or eating hard foods (crackers, chips, seeds, etc.). Mostly, such injuries go away in 1-2 days completely without a trace, although if a complication of such an injury becomes relevant, this will become a cause for long-term concern.
Exposure to oral cleaners and toothpaste. In particular, this point is relevant if such products contain sodium lauryl sulfate (abbr. SLS). Thus, based on research data, it is known that this substance, being a common component of foam-forming cleaners, including toothpastes, is quite aggressive, and it is because of it that outbreaks of the disease we are considering in patients are becoming more frequent. It is quite possible that this is due to the dehydrating effect inherent in SLS. With such exposure, the mucous membrane becomes even more vulnerable, and therefore contact with certain irritants, for example, food acids, becomes fraught with complications for it. In other studies, in which attempts were made to find out how strong the effect of pastes with SLS and without this component was, it was found that in the latter case, subjects were much less likely to encounter problems such as stomatitis. Also, when using pastes without SLS, subjects noted that even if they had this disease, the ulcers formed with it were not as painful as when using pastes with SLS.
Unbalanced diet. Researchers found that in some patients with stomatitis, the diet could not be called sufficiently balanced. In particular, it was highlighted that this disease develops due to a lack of B vitamins (B1 and B2, B6 and B12), as well as due to a lack of another type of substance, namely folic acid, selenium, zinc, and iron.
Stress. This reason, as is known, is a predisposing factor to the development of many diseases, and, as it turns out, stomatitis is also no exception. Thus, with stomatitis, a connection is often found between the appearance of ulcers in patients and (mental or emotional).
Allergy. Allergies to certain foods, as well as other types of substances, can trigger the development of stomatitis. In particular, an outbreak of this disease may be caused by contact with relevant hypersensitivity/allergic substances. If an allergy is suspected, an option may be offered, such as keeping a diary with notes about food intake - this will allow you to understand which specific substances most likely cause stomatitis. Ideally, of course, it is better to undergo an appropriate medical examination, which will allow you to find out exactly what you are allergic to. If the examination is excluded for one reason or another, then we can offer for consideration the most common allergens that you should pay attention to in your diet. In particular, these are: grain crops (rye, wheat, buckwheat, oatmeal, barley, etc.); dairy products (cheese, milk); vegetables, fruits (figs, citrus fruits, strawberries, tomatoes); other (chocolate, mustard, seafood, vinegar, nuts, soy). Also, in addition to products, these can be certain substances, such as mint (including toothpaste), dental materials, medicines, metal, chewing gum.
bacteria. Due to the fact that stomatitis ulcers contain certain microorganisms of a bacterial nature, it is assumed that they are also directly related to the appearance of ulcers. Often, bacteria, if they do not act as the cause of the development of the disease in question, play an important role in the development of complications.
Hormonal disorders. It is assumed that in women there is a certain connection between the occurrence of a disease such as stomatitis and between specific phases of the cycle. Separately, emphasis is placed on the fact that exacerbation of stomatitis often occurs in pregnant women.
Hereditary predisposition. Based on the available data from the results of relevant studies, it has been revealed that there is also such a factor in the development of the disease in question as hereditary (genetic) predisposition. Accordingly, those parents who often developed stomatitis, their children will also encounter this problem.
Diseases. The development of stomatitis, as well as certain types of aphthous ulcers, can be caused by certain diseases. Taking this into account, if stomatitis occurs frequently, it is advisable to undergo a comprehensive examination, the results of which will most likely determine the presence of one or another systemic disease (in particular, we can talk about the presence of a malignant tumor formation in the pharynx, nose or neck).
General dehydration of the body due to low water consumption, vomiting, diarrhea, prolonged fever, significant blood loss, and increased urine output.
Drinking alcohol, smoking.
Impact of chemotherapy.
Poor oral hygiene.
Poor-quality materials of dentures, their incorrect installation.

Main symptoms

Ulcers in this disease form on the inside of the cheeks and lips, under the tongue, in the area of the floor of the mouth, in the area of the tonsils and soft palate. At the early stage of stomatitis, slight redness appears on the mucous membrane; in some cases, the area of redness swells slightly, which may be accompanied by a slight burning sensation.

Next, an ulcer in its “classic” version begins to form in the same area. This ulcer has an oval or round shape, it is single and shallow. In the center of this ulcer there is a grayish or white film, it is thin and loosely attached to it. Also, such an ulcer has smooth edges, they are surrounded by a reddish border (halo). The tissue surrounding the ulcer is externally healthy and has a normal appearance. Ulcers with stomatitis are characterized by pain, they often become a serious obstacle to eating, and there may also be difficulties in trying to move the lips and tongue.

Stomatitis can also be accompanied by the appearance of ulcers in multiple forms; in this case, not one ulcer appears, but in the amount of about 6 pieces. Such ulcers are located at a certain distance from each other, that is, they do not merge, but, on the contrary, are in a dispersed form, affecting the oral cavity in different areas. If two ulcers appear located in close proximity to each other, they often merge into one large ulcerative formation with an irregular shape.

The disease, as already noted, can appear again, that is, it is prone to relapse. In each case, they manifest themselves differently; most patients, however, experience it about several times a year, although a chronic form of stomatitis cannot be ruled out.

The ulcers that appear with stomatitis are shallow and small in size. However, there is another form of this disease, we are talking about aphthous ulcer. In this case, the ulcerative lesions are large in size, the depth of the lesion is quite large, in contrast to the classic version of ulcers with stomatitis. Such ulcers are difficult to treat; after healing, traces remain in the affected area.

Additional manifestations of symptoms of stomatitis include: bad breath, increased salivation, increased sensitivity of the tongue.

Accompanied by general anxiety, tearfulness, breast refusal and loss of appetite. Here, ulcers also appear on the oral mucosa and in the corners of the mouth, the mucous membrane also turns red, the tongue is coated (this symptom indicates candidal stomatitis in children).

If the signs of stomatitis are supplemented by inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, eyes and genitals, there is reason to suspect a disease such as. This is a fairly serious disease in which autoimmune damage to small and medium-sized arteries occurs, causing inflammation and ulcers on the mucous membranes.

If before the appearance of ulcers there were symptoms of a digestive system disorder, and this is abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in the stool, then the cause of stomatitis can be considered, and this is nothing more than a chronic disease accompanied by inflammation of the intestines.

If, before the development of stomatitis, there was an increase in temperature, severe weakness, blisters on the skin and mucous membranes, pain in the joints, then there is reason to suspect a disease such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome. We are talking about a severe form of an allergic reaction that occurs due to taking certain medications or the presence of certain infectious diseases.

Depending on the nature of the process, the stages of stomatitis can be identified:

initial stage - the mucous membrane of the gums and tongue becomes redder and drier, while it is shiny;
stage of the appearance of plaque (this is its conventional designation), it appears 1-2 days after the previous stage, gradually covering the palate, tongue, cheeks and lips (in some cases the picture is complemented by the appearance of a “jam”), the plaque looks like cottage cheese/milk, its easy to fix;
the appearance of wounds and ulcers in areas of previous plaque.

Stomatitis: types

Manifestation of aphthous stomatitis

Catarrhal stomatitis. In this case, we are talking about the mildest form of allergy. Here, in particular, there are complaints of burning and itching in the oral cavity, pain that occurs while eating, dry mouth, as well as impaired perception of taste. A third of patients are faced with an isolated form of the lesion, although in most cases the altered oral mucosa is complemented by damage to the internal organs. Examination of the oral cavity reveals redness of the mucous membrane, its swelling (which is determined by the presence of tooth marks on the inner lateral surfaces of the cheeks and tongue). With redness of the mucous membrane, pinpoint hemorrhages can also be detected; with mechanical irritation of the mucous membrane, mild bleeding occurs. In general, the patient's condition is not impaired.
Erosive-ulcerative stomatitis. In this form, the disease is accompanied by pain in the oral cavity, and the pain intensifies during conversation and eating. There is redness and swelling of the mucous membrane; blisters containing clear liquid form in the area of the tongue, lips, gums and palate. The opening of these blisters is accompanied by the appearance of erosive formations; there is a fibrinous coating on their surface. When single erosions appear, the possibility of their merging is allowed, which leads to the appearance of volumetric erosive surfaces. There is redness of the gingival papillae, their swelling, and a predisposition to bleeding at the slightest impact. Symptoms include decreased salivation, sore throat, and discomfort in the throat. The general condition may worsen, which is usually accompanied by poor appetite, weakness and temperature (within 38 degrees). When palpating the lymph nodes located under the lower jaw, they are generally painful and enlarged. The overall severity of stomatitis in this form is determined by the prevalence of actual pathological changes to the oral mucosa, as well as the presence/absence of foci of chronic forms of infections.
Traumatic (or bacterial) stomatitis. In this form, stomatitis develops as a result of infection on the mucous membrane that has been injured.
. In this form, stomatitis, as the name suggests, develops as a result of exposure. It can be infected by airborne droplets, from an already sick person or from contaminated objects (contact transmission, that is, through dishes, toys, etc.). The onset of the disease is characterized by its own severity: severe weakness, pallor, irritability appear, the temperature rises, the lymph nodes located under the lower jaw enlarge, and appetite disappears. Swelling of the oral mucosa and its redness are especially intensified at the peak of the temperature increase. Also, bubbles form on the mucous membrane, they open quite quickly, after which erosive formations of the surface type remain at the site of their appearance. The lips become cracked and dry, causing crusts to form on them, and salivation increases.
Allergic stomatitis. In this form, stomatitis is not a separate disease; it is only part of the allergic reaction itself to a particular type of allergen. Accordingly, treatment measures in this case should be directed to the underlying disease. The main manifestations of allergic stomatitis: redness of the mucous membrane, the appearance of white spots and blisters on it (or pinpoint hemorrhages).
Fungal stomatitis. The disease in this form can also be referred to as, the reason for this is the factor that provokes it - mainly Candida fungi. For the same reason, fungal stomatitis can also be referred to as. Children are mainly susceptible to the disease - their saliva does not yet contain acidic substances in the required quantity, due to which they could resist the effects of bacteria.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis of stomatitis is based on studying the patient’s medical record for previous diseases, as well as on a visual examination of the oral cavity. There are currently no medical tests that could be used to determine stomatitis. The main sign of the disease is the presence of ulcers, the characteristics of their appearance and location, as well as the frequency of recurrence. The tissue surrounding the ulcers is healthy, there are no pronounced systemic symptoms - all this is the basis for making a diagnosis.

Treatment of stomatitis can be based on the implementation of several methods, in particular local treatment (rinsing with certain solutions), as well as general treatment (it is determined based on the specific form of the disease and its characteristics, may include hormonal drugs, antibiotics, etc.).

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the oral mucosa. Dentists indicate that the disease can have both an acute and chronic course. Only a small percentage of people on our entire planet are lucky enough to never experience signs of the disease. The majority have encountered manifestations more than once. So why does chronic stomatitis occur and what to do to prevent relapses? You will find out the answers by reading our article.

If signs of stomatitis appear for the first time, it is necessary to make every effort to stop the inflammatory process in time, preventing it from becoming chronic. When painful mouth ulcers occur, many people begin treatment using traditional medicine recipes. And they turn to the doctor already in advanced forms, when chronic stomatitis appears up to 4 times a year. At the same time, the duration of the remission period is reduced, and the number of elements of the lesion increases, which undoubtedly leads to a significant deterioration in the general condition of the patients.

The appearance of signs of stomatitis primarily indicates a reduced immune status of the body. With each new relapse, the body's resistance drops even more. Along with untimely contact with the dentist, the following factors contribute to the chronicity of stomatitis:

frequent viral and bacterial infections;
hypovitaminosis, vitamin deficiency;
anemia;
hormonal imbalance;
stress, psycho-emotional tension;
excessive physical activity;
irregular work schedule, lack of proper rest;
metabolic failure;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system;
irrational use of antibiotics;
dysbiosis.

Local conditions also play an important role in the occurrence of frequent stomatitis. Dentists believe that meticulous adherence to basic hygiene rules, as well as preventive examinations every six months, will help to promptly eliminate carious processes in the initial stages. After all, although the causative agents of aphthous, herpetic, and candidal stomatitis are not bacteria, the growth of populations of opportunistic microorganisms disrupts the production of local protective factors, and this, in turn, significantly reduces local immunity.

Clinical picture of types of stomatitis

If manifestations of stomatitis in adults occur for the first time, they speak of an acute form of the inflammatory process. When the same morphological elements of the lesion are repeatedly detected on the mucous membrane, a chronic course is established. Let's take a closer look at what chronic forms of aphthous, herpetic and candidal stomatitis look like.

Aphthous stomatitis

The etiology of chronic aphthous stomatitis is not fully understood. Therefore, it is still impossible to say unequivocally what exactly provokes the occurrence of aphthae on the mucous membrane. But, based on the results of numerous studies, experts have come to the conclusion that an important link initiating the development of the pathological process is an allergic reaction. And what’s interesting: not only food or medicines can be allergens, but also streptococci and staphylococci. A large number of decayed teeth, poor oral hygiene - all this increases the content of bacteria, and along with this the risk of signs of frequent stomatitis increases.

A significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease is also played by disruption of the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, with chronic enterocolitis, chronic aphthous stomatitis is very often diagnosed, which is a kind of indicator signaling a failure at the appropriate level of the digestive system.

Dentists consider aphthae to be the main element of the lesion. Let's look at the distinctive features of chronic aphthous stomatitis.

In the oral cavity, round-shaped wounds appear on the mucous membrane of the lips and the lateral surfaces of the tongue. If in a mild form single lesions are formed, then in a severe form there are multiple ones.
Aphthae are painful, covered with white layers on top.
The general condition depends on the form of the inflammatory process. Fibrinous stomatitis occurs without any visible deterioration in the general condition, while with necrotic and scarring stomatitis, signs of intoxication, fever, and lymphadenitis may appear.

Herpetic stomatitis

If manifestations of a herpetic infection occur for the first time, the probability of relapse is over 90%. Doctors call predisposing conditions not only infectious diseases and immunodeficiency states. Banal hypothermia or, conversely, prolonged exposure to the sun significantly reduces the body’s protective properties. Therefore, signs of stomatitis occur not only in the autumn-spring period, but also in the hot summer.

Chronic stomatitis caused by the herpes simplex virus goes through the following stages.

The day before the rash, a burning sensation appears on the mucous membrane in those areas where the first signs of damage will soon appear.
First, bubbles form, the most favorite localization of which is the cheeks, lips, and tongue.
The bubbles burst very quickly, which is explained by the thin structure of their shell.
When the wounds become crusty, the feeling of pain goes away.

In severe cases, new rashes may appear in the mouth. Accordingly, during examination, doctors simultaneously identify blisters, ulcers and crusts. If chronic stomatitis occurs with frequent relapses, the general condition of patients worsens significantly. Patients complain of headache, body aches, fever, lethargy and drowsiness.

Candidiasis form of stomatitis

The causes of chronic stomatitis in this particular case are yeast fungi of the genus Candida. Frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates, hormonal imbalance, irrational use of antibiotics - the presence of all these factors creates favorable conditions for yeast fungi to manifest their pathogenic properties. In total, there are two forms of chronic candidiasis inflammatory process: atrophic and hyperplastic.

In the atrophic form, the mucous membrane is bright red. Patients are bothered by severe itching and burning. There are practically no characteristic curdled layers; a slight coating is present only in areas of natural folds.
Hyperplastic stomatitis appears in the form of a thick layer of layers tightly adjacent to the surface of the mucosa. If in an acute course the plaque can be easily removed, then in the case of a chronic form, an attempt to remove the deposits ends in exposing a bleeding wound. Saliva is viscous, secreted in reduced quantities, eating is accompanied by discomfort and pain.

How to treat chronic stomatitis?

To reduce the risk of relapse to zero, along with drug therapy, removal of hard and soft dental plaque, treatment of caries and its complications are indicated. In the presence of low-quality prostheses, re-prosthetics is recommended. After all, even the most highly effective drugs will not bring the desired result if local provoking factors are not completely eliminated.

Let's look at how to treat chronic stomatitis locally.

Antiseptic treatment of the oral cavity reduces the risk of bacterial infection. Dentists recommend using products such as Chlorhexidine and Corsodil.
Pain relief is carried out by applying a gel containing lidocaine or anesthesin.
Cleansing not only the surface of the aphthae, but also the lesion of herpes from fibrinous plaque is achieved through the use of enzymes (Terrilitin, Lidaza).
To speed up recovery processes, doctors prescribe Solcoseryl ointment or jelly.

It is important to note: not only general, but also local therapy can only be carried out under the supervision of a doctor.

When stomatitis is detected, treatment directly depends on the type of pathogen. General therapy includes the following.

The use of antihistamines for aphthous form (Claritin, Suprastin).
The use of antiviral drugs based on Acyclovir in the form of tablets or ointments (Zovirax, Gerpevir), if stomatitis appears of a viral nature.
Prescription of antifungal agents for candidiasis (Clotrimazole, Nystatin, Fluconazole).
Immunomodulatory drugs are aimed at increasing the body's immune status. That is why they are very often prescribed for chronic stomatitis. Medicines such as Leukinferon, Imudon, Viferon have good effectiveness.
In order to improve metabolic processes, doctors recommend the use of multivitamin complexes.

If stomatitis constantly recurs, a comprehensive examination is indicated for the presence of hidden foci of chronic infection. Doctors also recommend taking an immunogram to determine the level of indicators of the body’s protective function. If the content of specific factors is below normal, immunocorrection is performed. Only professional diagnosis and qualified treatment under the guidance of specialists will help avoid the appearance of symptoms of stomatitis in the future.

Frequent stomatitis in adults, the causes of which vary, brings significant discomfort and inconvenience in everyday life. Stomatitis is a disease that affects the mucous membrane of the mouth. Pathology manifests itself as inflammation. Stomatitis occurs more often in children with reduced immunity to various irritants. However, against the backdrop of an unfavorable environmental situation in the world, increased stress load and a decrease in the body’s immune abilities, this disease is becoming more common in adults. Let's look at the reasons for the appearance of this disease and talk about how to make sure that the appearance of stomatitis does not take you by surprise.

Reasons for appearance

The causes of stomatitis in adults can be different. Stomatitis can act as an independent disease or be a background to the development of pathology of another body system.

Primary appearance of the disease

Causes of oral stomatitis:

Infection: bacteria, mycoplasma, viruses;
Incorrect food intake;
Injury from thermal, mechanical or chemical agents.

Normally, the mouth contains resident microflora that does not cause the development of the disease. However, under the influence of a number of additional factors, this microbial substance is activated and gradually leads to the appearance of ulcers of the oral mucosa.

Violation of the composition and quality of food leads to a gradual deficiency of substances necessary for the body. At the initial stage, the body will use its reserves, thereby trying to compensate for the shortage that has arisen. The development of stomatitis is especially affected by a deficiency of B vitamins, B12-folic acid and microelements such as zinc and iron. In order for stomatitis to occur under the influence of traumatic factors, a certain background is necessary, often created by the patient himself. Often, patients themselves note that stomatitis appears as a result of an accidental cut or biting on solid food particles or orthopedic structures. It may also appear due to accidental burns with acid or alkali. As mentioned earlier, certain conditions are required for the onset of the disease.

Conditions conducive to the development of stomatitis due to injury by thermal, mechanical or chemical agents:

Failure to comply with personal hygiene standards - eating food with dirty hands, eating unwashed vegetables and fruits;
Orthopedic structures made of low quality material or improper installation;
Excessive oral hygiene: Most toothpastes contain sodium lauryl sulfate, which promotes foaming. However, if you use toothpaste excessively, this substance will help reduce the rate of saliva secretion. Over time, this will lead to dry mucous membranes and its vulnerability to acids and alkalis;
Pharmacological drugs, the side effect of which is a decrease in salivary secretion. As an option, taking diuretics contributes to the development of dehydration;
Tobacco smoking and addiction to alcoholic beverages;
Somatic pathology.

Often, the onset of stomatitis in adults is also a sign of some pathology of the body, perhaps not yet identified.

The disease can appear with the following pathologies:

Oncology: there is constant stomatitis in the mouth. These outbreaks of frequent occurrence of the disease may hint at oncological transformations of the nose, neck and throat;
In the state of tumor therapy: during radiation and chemotherapy;
In HIV-infected adults: the risk of stomatitis due to reduced immunity is very high;
Diseases of the digestive system: gastritis, colitis, helminthic infestations are often indicated by lesions of the mucous membrane and oral cavity in the form of ulcers;
Defects in the functioning of the endocrine system or its excessive activity: a surge of hormones in female diseases, pregnancy or stoppage of menstruation;
Diabetes mellitus as a disease characterized by a malfunction of the insulin apparatus: bacterial flora is often associated, with the development of;
Diseases of the respiratory system: patients with bronchial asthma are sometimes forced to use inhalers with hormonal content. With frequent use, development occurs;
Diseases of the hematopoietic system: anemia;
For dehydration caused by prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, large blood loss and prolonged fever.

Classifications of the disease

Variants of stomatitis in adults are classified in correlation with the pathogen that can cause changes in the mucosa:

Bacterial.	The onset of the disease is due to the influence of streptococci and staphylococci, which are normally present in the oral cavity and on the tonsils. There is a rapid formation of pustules, prone to the same rapid opening.
Viral.	The onset occurs under the influence of the Epstein-Barr virus (herpetic stomatitis) or herpes simplex (herpes stomatitis). In this situation, rashes will appear on the mucous membrane in the form of bubbles filled with transparent contents. Further transformations of the emerging element will take place with the addition of secondary bacterial agents. This is indicated over time by the opening of the vesicles, with the exposure of erosive and ulcerative surfaces.
Fungal.	The appearance is noted after completing a course of antibiotics that are not supported by drugs that normalize the intestinal flora. And it can also be observed with a strong decline in the body’s immune abilities. With this phenomenon, active growth of fungi of the genus Candida begins. It is indicated in the mouth by dense, white plaques that are difficult to remove. When removed, an erosive surface prone to bleeding is noted.
Ray.	The occurrence is due to the treatment of cancer. The effect of radiation therapy and ionizing radiation leads not only to the appearance of ulcers in the oral cavity, but also contributes to the thickening of the mucous membrane.
Chemical.	nucleation occurs against the background of a burn caused by the action of acids or alkalis. At the initial stage, ulcers form; later they begin to heal, contributing to the formation of scars.

Symptoms

The symptoms of the disease in adults are quite typical. Typically, stomatitis is localized on the soft tissues of the oral cavity, with a pronounced submucosal layer: the inner surface of the lips, cheeks, tonsils, soft palate. Less commonly, manifestations are noted on the tongue and under it. And extremely rarely in other parts of the oral cavity, where the submucosal layer is less pronounced: gums, hard palate.

Acute stomatitis quickly becomes chronic. And therefore it is definitely rarely possible to notice it in adults. For the most part, a chronic process or changes characteristic of an exacerbation of the process can be observed in the oral cavity.

Using the example of bacterial stomatitis, consider the characteristics of mucosal lesions and the associated symptoms

Initially, the patient notes a burning sensation, a feeling of discomfort when talking, eating food in any area of the mucous membrane;
The next day or in the near future, 1-2 rounded elements appear in the place of concern, with a small depression in the center, quickly covered by a coating. Around the elements, thickening of the mucous membrane (formation of a cushion) is characteristic, due to perifocal inflammation. Otherwise, the oral mucosa may not show any changes. The patient notes a feeling of discomfort, pain in this area, tries to limit food intake on the affected side;
The process spreads quickly, and more and more elements tend to merge appear. When the pustules are localized on the tonsils, the patient may experience pain when swallowing. General symptoms of changes in the body are connected;
The patient, in order not to injure the affected area, tries to limit movement of the lips and tongue;
Often, in addition to oral ulcers, the following changes are also noted: increased saliva production, bad breath, bleeding gums.

In general, the appearance of systemic symptoms occurs in two cases: decreased immunity and severe spread of the disease.

The patient has the following changes:

Temperature increase: from 37.5 and above, up to 39 degrees Celsius;
Enlarged lymph nodes: both local and regional;
Sleep and appetite disturbances;
Asthenic condition.

Against the background of poor nutrition and dehydration of the body, these phenomena are especially aggravated.

Treatment provided

Features of therapy depend on the form of stomatitis.

The following forms are distinguished:

Catarrhal;
Aphthous;
Herpetic;
Ulcerative.

The catarrhal form is susceptible to self-healing if patients observe oral hygiene and nutritional correction. It is necessary to exclude spicy, fried, smoked, and solid foods. It is recommended to eat food with the consistency of sour cream and cream. You can perform salt rinses.

The remaining forms are treated in correlation with the manifestations in the mouth and the severity of symptoms:

Painkillers: against the background of severe pain, the patient’s ability to lead an active and productive lifestyle decreases. Therefore, your doctor may prescribe a local anesthetic to be used in the mouth before eating, working, or even for pain. The doctor may recommend: Anestezin, Hexoral tabs, Lidocaine Asept, Lidochlor, aloe juice or decoctions of medicinal herbs (chamomile, sage, calendula);
Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapy: it is necessary to complement treatment with drugs against infection. The drugs are used in the form of rinses, absorbable tablets, ointments, gels, sprays, and lozenges. The doctor recommends for use: Hexoral spray, Cholisal, Kamistad, Evcarom, Stomatidin, Kameton, Eucalyptus M, Actovegin.
Drugs against viruses and fungi, non-steroidal drugs: therapy is determined by the cause of stomatitis. For herpetic stomatitis, treatment consists of the use of antiviral drugs in the form of ointments and tablets: Acyclovir, Zovirax, interferon ointment. Candidal stomatitis requires greater variability in intervention. It is necessary to use antifungal agents: Nystatin ointment, Levorin. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be used for all forms and types of stomatitis: tavegil, Suprastin, Diazolin;
To speed up healing, agents that accelerate epithelialization are used. These drugs must contain vitamin A and E. It is good if the drug, in addition to its regenerative abilities, can have an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect. Recommended for use: Solcoseryl dental adhesive paste, Karotolin, sea buckthorn and rosehip oil, Vinilin or Shostakovsky balm, Propolis spray.

The sequence of actions of the dentist at the appointment:

Application anesthesia: Lidoxor gel, Lidocaine spray;
Antiseptic treatment: 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, 0.05_2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution;
Application of agents: antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal action. In case of healing of the surface defect of the mucous membrane, application of regenerative agents (Aekol).

The doctor, based on the clinical situation, prescribes repeated appointments until the disease is completely eliminated.

Prevention

To prevent the occurrence of frequent stomatitis, it is recommended to follow the following rules:

Maintaining oral hygiene;
Increasing immunity: through hardening, physical activity, walking in the fresh air;
Complete nutrition;
Limiting stress and overwork;
Regular medical examinations.

By following these simple requirements, you can significantly reduce the likelihood of stomatitis and its exacerbations if the process was already in the chronic stage.