Inflamed intestines symptoms treatment. Causes and negative factors

In order to know what to do and what medicines will help with inflammation of the intestines, several factors should be taken into account: the type of inflammation, localization in the intestines, stage of the disease, individual characteristics of the body. The parameters for choosing medications are determined by the types of intestinal inflammation - ulcerative colitis and. Important for the selection of a therapeutic scheme and the causes of these diseases: infection, problems with immunity, heredity, and even stress.

Treatment rules

When the intestines are inflamed, there is a loss of appetite, abdominal pain, or upset stools. These are the main symptoms. White plaque on the tongue should alert. In no case should you treat inflammation of the intestines on your own. In order for the treatment to lead to a positive result, first of all, it is necessary to change the way of life and nutrition. Give up smoking and alcohol, maintain water balance. Do not overload the body with excessive exercise. Avoid stressful situations, take antidepressants if necessary. The main condition is diet.

Types of drugs for inflammation of the intestine

Drugs against intestinal inflammation are divided into pharmacological groups according to the types of effects. These drugs, which relieve inflammation and accompany pain, are taken alone or in combination with others, depending on the state of health. Their list is impressive, the main ones are:

immunomodulators;
antibiotics and antifungals;
aminosalicylates;
antidiarrheal;
corticosteroids.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

The correct definition of the disease is the first step towards a cure. Only a doctor should select medicines, as they have many side effects. Interactions with other drugs must be taken into account. They allow you to quickly relieve symptoms, alleviate and improve the general condition of the patient, for example, "Salofalk", which relieves symptoms. It comes in the form of granules, suppositories or enemas. Indicated in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Children with inflammation are prescribed Rektodelt candles.

Pills for inflammation

Inflammation is also successfully treated with pills. Common - "Mezavant". Such drugs have a local effect on the intestinal epithelium during inflammation. "Salozinal" is an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drug. It is used for Crohn's disease or colitis, as well as for their prevention. A similar action has "Sulfasalazine". To prevent the intestines from becoming inflamed again, maintenance therapy is prescribed up to 500 mg of Sulfasalazine per day.

Immunomodulators

Immunomodulators are prescribed as an additional therapy for inflammatory processes of a long course. They are designed to balance the immune system. This may be "Immunal", which is prescribed for chronic inflammation, weakening the body's resistance. "Viferon" - is prescribed for intestinal infections of unknown etiology. A synthetic remedy can be replaced with a natural one - echinacea, eleutherococcus. These alcohol tinctures are sold in pharmacies. For adults, it is recommended to take 30-40 drops at a time. As for children, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist and an immunologist.

Antibiotics and antifungals

Therapy with antibiotics should be under the supervision of a physician.

Antibiotics are prescribed to treat inflammation caused by bacteria. "Ciprofloxacin" is prescribed for infections of the gastrointestinal tract, including those caused by salmonella. "Ftalazol" - an antimicrobial agent, also has an anti-inflammatory effect. Levomycetin is used for infections of the abdominal cavity, including peritonitis or typhoid fever. If necessary, an antifungal agent is used. Often - "Nystatin", which is used when a fungal infection occurs during long-term therapy with antibacterial drugs. Drug treatment does not involve the frequent use of antibiotics, as they destroy the harmful microflora along with the beneficial one.

Aminosalicylates

Amiosalicylates are a group of drugs that are prescribed for persistent remission of the disease, while taking corticosteroids. They control symptoms and may be prescribed in the postoperative period. Aminosalicylates are used to maintain good health in mild Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Aminosalicylic acid is used in limited quantities, so the dosage is prescribed by a specialist.

Antidiarrheals

Diarrhea is a short term disorder. However, it may indicate an intestinal infection. Antidiarrheal drugs are designed to normalize the stool in the shortest possible time. This property has "Nifuroxazide", "Loperamide", "Imodium" (active ingredient - loperamide). Based on this substance, a fairly large number of drugs are produced that are used for diarrhea.

Corticosteroids

If signs of exacerbation of the inflammatory disease appear, then corticosteroids are prescribed - drugs with a short-term effect. "Methylprednisolone" and "Hydrocortisone" are used intravenously in the hospital. If the patient is treated at home, then corticosteroids are prescribed in tablet form or in the form of rectal suppositories. The drugs of choice are Prednisone, Budesonide, Dexamethasone. These medicines have many side effects. Used for non-specific ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

Restoring microflora

Normal intestinal microflora is the key to health.

Gut microflora is the main indicator of the health of the gastrointestinal tract. It can be destroyed by antibiotics, therefore, in order to restore it, drugs are prescribed in parallel that can populate the intestines with healthy microflora. Medicines of this type are divided into prebiotics and probiotics. Prebiotics are substances that are unable to be digested, but they serve as the basis for the reproduction of bacteria ("Lactusan", "Prelax"). Probiotics are live cultures of bacteria that are needed in the intestines (Bifidumbacterin, Linex).

In the article, we will consider medicines for intestinal inflammation.

Treatment of intestinal diseases is carried out with the help of laxatives, which are obtained from lactulose (for example, "Duphalac" or "Normaze"). Medications based on muscle receptor blockers are also used (this is Trimedat with Duspatalin). For the treatment of the gag reflex, dopamine blockers are used, namely, domperidone derivatives in the form of Motilak and Motilium. After the use of antibiotics in the intestines, dysbacteriosis may occur, which is treated with the use of special preparations, namely through probiotics or prebiotics. The following are the most effective medicines for inflammatory bowel disease.

Tablets for the treatment of inflamed intestines

For bowel therapy, various drugs are used, administered intravenously or enterally. A more convenient form is the use of tablets and syrups, which include funds from the following list:

Means of lactulose in the form of "Normaza" and "Duphalac". They are classified as drugs that relax the activity of the muscular walls of the intestine, which leads to relief from constipation.
The medicine "Trimedat" is a modern representative of the category of laxatives. What other medicines can be taken for intestinal inflammation?
The drug "Duspatalin" is used for long-term treatment of constipation, as it has a prolonged action.
Medicines based on domperidone, that is, Motilium with Motilak. They act as antiemetics and are used in emergency care when multiple seizures occur. They are forbidden to be used in the presence of symptoms of intoxication in a patient and systematically.
The medicine "Kolofort" is recommended as a remedy designed to eliminate pain.
Probiotics are products that contain live bacteria. The intestinal microflora dies after the use of antibacterial agents. After taking probiotics, microorganisms settle in the intestine again, normalizing its activity. The drugs from this series include "Linex" with "Acipol".
Prebiotics are products that contain food for the development and growth of intestinal microflora. Their number may decrease in the case of taking certain medications, and in addition, with stress or illness. Prebiotics contain glucose, starch and saccharides, which contribute to the normalization of the intestinal microflora. The drugs from this series include Laktofiltrum.
The medicine "Bifilar" is a combined preparation in which sugars and bacteria are simultaneously present.

To prescribe the correct therapy with drugs for inflammation of the intestine, it is necessary to establish the causes of the disease.

Drugs containing lactulose in this pathology

The composition of the drug "Normaze" includes a solution of lactulose along with water, flavoring and citric acid. Lactulose can increase the activity of healthy microflora due to the increase in the number of lactobacilli. At the same time, this substance leads to an increase in acidity, which provokes peristaltic movement in the organ. Thanks to this property, food lumps are better digested, softened, and constipation is completely eliminated.

Advantages of the drug "Normaze"

For constipation, this remedy is used up to three times a day for no more than four months. This drug is allowed to be used for children, starting from the first days of life. Lactulose is absolutely safe for pregnant women. The cost of "Normaze" is two hundred and fifty rubles.

What medicines to take for intestinal inflammation are interesting to many.

Forms of release and composition of the medicinal product

The drug "Duphalac" is produced in the form of a syrup, which can also be used to treat constipation in children from an early age. It contains lactulose with purified water. This drug can be used by pregnant women. The mechanism of its action is similar to the previous one: during splitting, lactulose increases the osmotic pressure in the intestinal lumen, thereby stimulating peristalsis. At the same time, the stool in a person becomes soft and qualitatively digested, so constipation as such completely disappears. The cost of this medicine ranges from three hundred to eight hundred rubles, as it depends on the volume of the drug.

We continue to find out how to treat intestinal inflammation with drugs.

"Duspatalin" for intestinal inflammation

"Duspatalin" is a drug from the group of antispasmodics that acts directly on the intestinal muscles. It consists of a mebeverine compound along with various auxiliary components. The substance mebeverine penetrates the intestines, binding to the receptors of the smooth muscles of this organ, while removing muscle tone, due to which constipation is reduced. The drug for intestinal inflammation "Duspatalin" can be quickly absorbed into the blood, it remains active for a long time, so it is not prescribed to patients more than twice a day.

Indications and contraindications for the use of the drug

This tool is used in the following cases:

For the treatment of irritable bowel symptoms in the presence of pain, flatulence, bloating, discomfort in the abdominal area, and so on.
With the manifestation of organic diseases of the intestine (Crohn's disease), and, in addition, with ulcerative colitis.

The drug "Duspatalin" can not be used for children who are under eighteen years of age. Adverse reactions against the background of its reception in people occur quite rarely, among them an allergic rash and headaches are noted. This medicine for inflammation of the large intestine is not recommended for pregnant women. Its cost is five hundred rubles.

Domperidone-based drugs

Domperidone is a centrally acting antiemetic. The trade name of the funds that are produced on its basis are the drugs "Motilak" and "Motilium". They also contain cellulose along with starch, magnesium, silicon and talc. Domperidone is very effective due to the blocking of dopamine receptors. Under the influence of this component, the release of dopamine is disrupted, and at the same time, there is a decrease in the effect on intestinal motility. Thanks to this, the pain syndrome is eliminated. At the same time, domperidone does not affect the process of evacuation of contents from the stomach. The considered drugs are used for treatment in the following cases:

In the presence of dyspeptic manifestations in the digestive system during vomiting or nausea, which are caused by medication, improper diet, and the like.
With an atonic state of the intestine after surgery on the abdomen.

These drugs are contraindicated in the presence of signs of internal bleeding, in case of intestinal obstruction, against the background of adhesive disease and ulcers. The course of therapy should be no more than one month. In case of an overdose of this drug or with long-term treatment, people may experience side effects in the form of an allergic rash, an increase in prolactin levels and encephalopathy. It should be noted that all of the listed conditions, as a rule, disappear on their own immediately after drug withdrawal. Motilak and Motilium cost between three hundred and four hundred and fifty rubles.

How else to treat intestinal inflammation in adults? Medicines should be prescribed by a doctor after a complete diagnosis of the patient.

"Kolofort" for intestinal diseases

The drug "Kolofort" contains in its composition synthetic antibodies to tumor necrosis factors, histamine and others. The mechanism of influence of this agent lies in the complex effect of all components of the drug:

Antibodies to produce a systemic anti-inflammatory effect.
Thanks to antibodies to histamine, the formation of edema is reduced.
Antibodies to special allergenic proteins contribute to the restoration of the nervous and humoral regulation of the intestine.

This tool is used to treat irritable bowel syndrome, which is usually manifested by pain. It is also used to treat functional disorders. This homeopathic remedy is not recommended for pregnant women. The medicine "Kolofort" is contraindicated in the presence of an allergy to the components of the remedy. Its cost is four hundred rubles.

What medicines are drunk for inflammation of the intestines, the doctor will tell you.

The use of probiotics

The most popular probiotics include the following drugs:

The medicine "Acipol". It contains live lactobacilli along with kefir fungus. The medicine "Acipol" is prescribed for acute intestinal infections, chronic inflammatory process and after antibiotic treatment. This drug can be used for babies starting from three months. For the treatment of dysbacteriosis, it is required to take the drug four times over two weeks. The drug "Acipol" perfectly restores healthy microflora, enhancing peristalsis and improving the immune defense of the body. The cost of this medical device is three hundred rubles.
The drug "Linex" is no less popular probiotic than "Acipol". These capsules contain lactobacilli along with bifidobacteria and enterococci. When they enter the intestinal lumen, microorganisms provoke an increase in acidity in the organ, due to which proper digestion is achieved. Lactobacilli are involved in the synthesis of vitamin K, which is an essential component of the blood coagulation system. Enterococci produce components with antibacterial activity. "Linex" is used to treat ailments such as diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, heartburn and vomiting. This drug can be safely used for children, starting from the first days of life. For therapy, it is recommended to take two capsules three times a day for several weeks. This remedy is strictly contraindicated in patients with allergic reactions. Among the side effects, there may be a rare manifestation of urticaria, which soon disappears after stopping the pills. The cost of one package of this medical product varies from three hundred and fifty to six hundred rubles.

To quickly relieve inflammation in the intestines, medicinal formulations must be taken in accordance with the instructions.

Use of prebiotics for intestinal inflammation

The medicine "Laktofiltrum" is a drug prescribed as a food source for the own microflora of the digestive system. The composition of this remedy includes lactulose along with lignin, magnesium and sodium. Means "Laktofiltrum" produces an additional stimulating effect on the immune system.

The lingin component belongs to the category of natural enterosorbents, which are obtained from plants. When it enters the intestinal lumen, it binds toxins and removes harmful microorganisms. Lactulose is a medium in which lactic acid bacteria grow and multiply very rapidly. It contributes to a significant increase in immunity, improving absorption and activating metabolism.

The medicine for the treatment of intestinal inflammation "Laktofiltrum" is used for antibacterial dysbacteriosis, for the treatment of acne, allergic diseases, thrush and other pathologies of internal organs. The agent in question is forbidden to be prescribed to people who suffer from lactulose intolerance. Also, it is not suitable for use in case of an allergy to one of the components that make up the drug.

Adverse reactions against the background of the use of this popular drug are very rare, among them there is a urticaria or local hyperemia of the skin. Symptoms go away on their own after the drug is discontinued. Its cost usually varies from two hundred and fifty to three hundred and eighty rubles.

Which medicine for intestinal inflammation to choose, you will have to decide on your own.

The medicine "Bifilar" for pathologies in the intestines

The drug "Bifilar" acts as a combined remedy. It contains probiotics. The composition of one pill includes bifidobacteria and lactobacilli along with fructooligosaccharides and maltodextrin. Means "Bifilar" is not a medicinal composition, it is referred to as active biological additives. The microscopic organisms contained in this preparation are highly resistant to bile and hydrochloric acid, so they are able to reach the colonic mucosa. When they get there, they feed on maltodextrin and oligosaccharides, which also come with Bifilar.

The considered medicinal composition for inflammation of the intestines in adults is effective for dysbacteriosis, which is caused by taking antibacterial drugs and diseases of internal organs (liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and so on). "Bifilar" is prescribed to children from the age of three. In addition, it is prescribed during pregnancy and breastfeeding. For therapy, the patient should consume one capsule every day for one month. If necessary, the therapeutic course can be extended on the recommendation of a doctor. The cost of one package is, as a rule, four hundred rubles.

We looked at how to treat intestinal inflammation with medications. You should not choose the drug yourself, it is better to seek help from a doctor.

The inflammatory process in the intestines can be caused by infection, poisoning, malnutrition, autoimmune pathology, dysbacteriosis and other factors.

Treatment of intestinal inflammation is prescribed taking into account the cause of the disease and the prevailing symptoms. It includes:

medicines;
medical nutrition;
herbal medicine.

In severe autoimmune inflammation, surgery may be needed.

Medical therapy

Medicines for intestinal inflammation have an etiotropic, pathogenetic or symptomatic effect. The doctor may prescribe the following drugs:

antibiotics,
hormones and cytostatics,
preparations of sulfasalazine and its analogues,
probiotics,
saline solutions for oral or parenteral use,
antispasmodics and prokinetics,
enzymes.

Etiotropic drugs eliminate the cause of the disease. So, with infectious inflammation of the intestine, antibiotics are used, which are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and act mainly locally. If helminthic invasion is detected, resort to anthelmintic drugs.

In ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, which are autoimmune inflammation of the intestine, pathogenetic agents are needed in the form of cytostatics and glucocorticoid hormones. As anti-inflammatory drugs, sulfa and mesalazine preparations are also used in the form of tablets, suppositories and foam. The use of suppositories for inflammation of the intestine allows you to increase the effectiveness of the active substance and minimize the risk of side effects. In order to quickly heal erosions and ulcers, microclysters with sea buckthorn oil are also administered rectally.

For the treatment of intestinal inflammation, drugs that normalize the composition of the microflora are almost always indicated. It can be pro-, pre-and. In chronic enterocolitis, parenteral administration of vitamins is sometimes required, since they are not formed or are poorly absorbed in the intestine.

To normalize the tone and peristalsis of the intestine, the doctor may prescribe prokinetics and antispasmodics. The latter also have an analgesic effect. Depending on what prevails in the clinic - constipation or diarrhea - laxatives or antidiarrheals are used. In order to weaken and remove toxins from the gastrointestinal tract, enterosorbents are used. Treatment usually includes the appointment of enzymatic agents, since the main digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs in this section of the digestive system.

If the inflammation is acute and is accompanied by dehydration and severe intoxication (lethargy, fever), infusion agents are administered intravenously. Salt solutions help eliminate water and electrolyte disturbances and remove toxic substances from the body.

Important: prescribed medications for colitis or enteritis must be taken regularly in accordance with the doctor's recommendations, this will ensure a speedy recovery.

Diet

Drug therapy for inflammatory bowel disease is necessarily carried out against the background of a diet. If the inflammation is accompanied by diarrhea, then the menu includes rice, bananas, wheat bread, which help eliminate diarrhea. If constipation prevails, then you need to consume more dried fruits, sour-milk drinks, fruits and vegetables.

All food should be prepared from natural ingredients. As for heat treatment, dishes should be steamed, boiled, stewed and baked. Fried and smoked can not be eaten, as well as add various spices. Spicy and salty foods will irritate an already inflamed intestine. Nutrition should be fractional - you need to eat often and little by little. Detailed information about nutrition in this pathology can be obtained from the article:.

Folk methods of treatment

Folk remedies for inflammation of the intestine often have a pronounced positive effect. For their preparation, plants with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, restorative and antispasmodic properties are used - chamomile, St. John's wort, yarrow, chicory, sage. For diarrhea, astringents and enveloping agents are used - oak bark, flax seeds, and so on. Below are a few proven folk recipes.

Infusion of chicory in milk

10 g of chicory or 1 tablespoon is poured into a glass of fresh hot milk and infused for 1 hour. Filter the remedy and drink it ¼ cup 4 times a day. To improve the taste and medicinal qualities of the drink, you can add a little natural honey to it. Flowers and herb chicory with inflammation of the intestines have an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and tonic effect.

Blueberry infusion

3 tablespoons of berries are poured with boiling water (½ liter). If possible, it is useful to add blueberry leaves. After 8 hours, blueberry infusion is taken 150-170 ml 4 times a day.

Sage decoction

Sage leaves (10 g) pour boiling water (½ liter). After 1-2 hours, the broth is ready. Use the remedy 100 ml 4 times a day. If you have inflammation of the intestines and how to treat it, you have not chosen yet, then start with a decoction of sage. This tool is not only very effective, but also simple in terms of preparation.

herbal collection

To prepare a medicinal collection, you will need yarrow, chamomile, shepherd's purse, nettle, calendula, coltsfoot and calamus root.

All ingredients are taken in equal quantities and mixed. For 1 liter of boiling water, 2 tablespoons of the plant mixture are needed. In order for the remedy to infuse better, it is wrapped in a terry towel and left overnight. Take a decoction of ¼ cup 4 times a day ½ hour before meals. Treatment of intestinal inflammation with this folk remedy must be continued for at least 2 weeks.

Flax-seed

Flax seeds in the form of a decoction envelop the intestinal mucosa and accelerate its recovery. 15 g of seeds are poured with hot water (1 cup) and infused for several hours. Drink warm with the addition of a small amount of olive oil (1-2 teaspoons) in the morning on an empty stomach, 1 cup.

Decoction of wheat grains

Wheat groats (3 tablespoons) are washed in cold water, placed in a saucepan and water (1 liter) is added. Cook on low heat for 1 hour. Strain and drink warm throughout the day.

Important: before removing intestinal inflammation with the help of herbal medicine, it is necessary to undergo an examination. After all, the symptoms of enterocolitis can appear in many serious diseases.

Surgery

Usually, surgery is required for severe and ulcerative colitis, as well as for complications (perforation, narrowing of the intestine). In these cases, the affected part of the intestine is removed, the integrity and patency of the intestine are restored.

Artificial anus - colostomy

Sometimes, when most of the colon is removed, a colostomy is created on the wall of the abdomen, through which the stool passes. A colostomy is an artificial anus that connects the lumen of the large intestine to the outer surface of the abdominal wall. Used for damage to the lower intestines

The main symptoms of intestinal inflammation are most often abdominal pain, increased gas formation and loose stools, which are dangerous for dehydration and intoxication of both children and adults. The lack of treatment of inflammation can lead to ulceration of the intestinal mucosa, atrophy of its walls and oncological diseases.

Briefly about the anatomy and physiology of the intestine

The intestine has several vital functions:

digestion of food coming from the stomach - splitting with the help of digestive enzymes into digestible elements;
absorption of nutrients into the blood
movement of food masses;
secretion of certain hormones and immunological protection;
elimination of digestive waste and toxins from the body.

The human intestine is represented by two sections: thick and thin.

The small intestine is located in the central parts of the abdominal cavity. It starts from the pylorus and ends with the ileocecal valve, which connects the small intestine to the large intestine.

In its composition, the small intestine has three sections: the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, which are involved in all stages of digestion, including the absorption and movement of food.

It is in the small intestine that enzymes are produced, which, together with pancreatic juice and bile, contribute to the breakdown of food into individual components.

The large intestine is the final part of the digestive tract, the lower part of the intestine, in which the absorption of water occurs and the formation of formed feces from the food gruel (chyme).

In the structure of the large intestine, three sections are also distinguished:

caecum with appendix (appendix);
colon encircling the abdominal cavity;
straight line ending in the anal canal and anus.

The intestines are densely populated with microorganisms. There are over 500 different species of them. The work of the gastrointestinal tract and the health of the whole organism largely depend on the composition of the microflora.

Causes of inflammatory bowel disease in adults

Inflammation of the intestine is a collective term that characterizes the presence of an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of one or more of its departments.

Various factors can lead to the appearance of disturbances in the functioning of the mucous membrane of the small and large intestines and its inflammation:

heredity;
the presence of other diseases of the digestive system (, pancreatitis);
intestinal infections - inflammation is caused by bacteria (E. coli, salmonella, shigella), viruses (rotavirus) or protozoa (amebic dysentery);
taking certain medications (for example, prolonged and uncontrolled antibiotic therapy can disrupt the composition of the microflora, and the predominance of opportunistic flora leads to inflammatory processes in the mucous membrane);
eating foods that irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa (sour, smoked, spicy, fried);
lack of vitamins and minerals;
bad habits;
excess body weight;
hypodynamia;
stress.

Some factors, such as genetic predisposition, do not depend on the person, and there is no way to eliminate them. On others: nutrition, lifestyle - it is quite able to influence.

Statistics say that certain diseases of the digestive system are present in 90% of the population of developed countries. So, inflammatory bowel diseases, which include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are diagnosed in about 200 people out of 100,000 examined. They mostly affect the adult population. Men and women get sick with about the same frequency.

Common signs of diseases of the large and small intestines

All symptoms of intestinal diseases can be divided into several groups. The main ones are pain and stool disorders (diarrhea, constipation, or a combination of both).

Also, among the signs of pathologies, increased gas formation (flatulence), an appetite disorder, the presence of pathological impurities (blood, mucus) in the feces, vomiting, weight loss, anemia, and fever are noted. These symptoms are of a different nature with the defeat of different parts of the intestine.

Abdominal pain

Pain syndrome in intestinal pathologies can have a different nature, features, localization, intensity. Depending on the cause of occurrence, there is or is no connection between the manifestation of pain and meals, bowel movements, etc.

So, for diseases of the small intestine, quite severe pains in the navel are characteristic. They can have a pulling, aching character. With spasms, patients experience intestinal colic.

For diseases of the large intestine, dull arching pains in the iliac region (right or left) are typical. They weaken or disappear after defecation, gas discharge. There is no clear connection between pain and food intake.

Diarrhea or constipation

An upset stomach accompanies inflammatory processes in any part of the intestine. It is customary to talk about diarrhea when the frequency of stools exceeds 3-4 times a day.

Abundant liquid feces is a particularly characteristic symptom of pathologies of the small intestine. Foam, particles of undigested food may be present in the feces.

Inflammation of the large intestine is often accompanied by a tendency to constipation. Liquid fecal discharge is observed less frequently, mainly during the period of exacerbation.

Flatulence

Increased flatulence, a feeling of fullness in the abdomen, rumbling, bloating, and rapid passage of gases can occur with diseases of any part of the intestine - both thick and thin.

The symptoms usually get worse in the evening. At night, patients, as a rule, are not bothered by anything. In almost any disease of the digestive system, intestinal dysbacteriosis and flatulence can be observed as a manifestation of the latter.

Other signs - weight loss, anemia, signs of vitamin and microelement deficiency (cracks in the corners of the mouth, dry skin, pinpoint hemorrhages) are fairly common symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease. What to do if the intestines are inflamed?

Symptoms of inflammation of the intestine

According to statistics, inflammatory diseases of the small and large intestines are the most common. They can be acute and chronic.

Duodenitis

Duodenitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the duodenum.

Acute duodenitis is characterized by severe pain in the stomach, heartburn, belching, nausea, vomiting, and general weakness. Symptoms completely subside after the treatment. The disease does not leave noticeable structural changes in the duodenal mucosa.

Chronic duodenitis is a disease of a long relapsing course, characterized by the development of foci of inflammation in the mucous membrane of the duodenum. It is manifested by paroxysmal pains in the epigastrium or in the right hypochondrium of a bursting or twisting nature. Accompanied by a feeling of bloating, bitter belching, nausea and vomiting with bile.

Duodenitis refers to polyetiological diseases, but the most common cause of inflammation of the duodenum is Helicobacter pylori infection.

According to the localization of the inflammatory process in the duodenum, bulbar (bulbitis) and postbulbar duodenitis are divided. Bulbitis - when the focus of inflammation is in the initial (bulbar) section, - often (inflammation of the gastric mucosa). Distal or postbulbar duodenitis, as a rule, is combined with inflammation in the pancreas, as well as the biliary system.

If inflammation is not treated, the chronic form of duodenitis leads to subsequent pathological structural restructuring and atrophy of the mucous membrane of the small intestine.

Enteritis

Enteritis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine - is often combined with damage to other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. So, with inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine, gastroenteritis is diagnosed, of the small and large intestine - enterocolitis, with simultaneous damage to the stomach, small and large intestine - gastroenterocolitis. Inflammation occurs in acute or chronic form.

The picture of acute enteritis is typical for food poisoning, some infectious diseases (typhoid fever, cholera, salmonellosis). Also, the disease occurs due to irritation of the mucous membrane of the small intestine with excessively spicy or rough food, alcohol.

Acute enteritis is first manifested by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, pain in the umbilical region. Then general symptoms join: fever, weakness, sweating, headache. The disease progresses quickly.

Chronic enteritis develops for a long time, often against the background of concomitant gastritis. The disease is manifested by dull, low-intensity pain around the navel, nausea, a feeling of bloating, rumbling after eating. In severe cases, diarrhea is characteristic (the frequency of stools reaches 20 times a day). Feces contain gas bubbles, particles of undigested food. The patient's body weight decreases, weakness, general malaise, obvious signs of hypovitaminosis (brittle nails, hair loss, dry skin) are felt.

Colitis

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon can be isolated or combined with damage to the small intestine and / or stomach (enterocolitis, gastroenterocolitis).

Acute colitis is more often of infectious origin (dysentery). Sometimes the cause of the disease is food poisoning.

Symptoms of acute colitis are severe cramping abdominal pain, frequent loose stools with an unpleasant odor, mucus admixture, in severe cases, blood, tenesmus (painful urge to defecate), general malaise, weakness, often fever.

Chronic non-infectious colitis develops as a complication of gastritis, pancreatitis, enteritis, may be associated with systematic nutritional errors or prolonged intoxication. Manifested by dull aching pain in the right, left or lower abdomen, prolonged constipation or diarrhea, sometimes alternating. Patients are concerned about flatulence, loss of appetite, nausea, weakness, malaise. Frequent psycho-emotional disorders, depression.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis

The causes of the disease are not fully understood. Most likely, it has a genetic nature.

In ulcerative colitis, the rectum is primarily affected. If the disease proceeds for a long time, the inflammatory process spreads to other parts of the large intestine.

The main symptom of the disease is bleeding. Blood is found in the feces even during remission.

Ulcerative colitis is characterized by diarrhea, sometimes alternating with constipation. Pain often occurs in the left side of the abdomen.

Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease is similar in nature to ulcerative colitis, but, unlike it, affects all parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Most often, inflammation covers different parts of the ileum, colon and rectum.

Crohn's disease is long-term, exacerbations alternate with remissions. In the acute period, patients are concerned about spastic pain in the abdomen, bloating, diarrhea, fever, weight loss. Blood and mucus are visible in the feces.

Often with Crohn's disease there are anal fissures, pain in the anal area. Characterized by pain in the joints, skin rashes. With a long course of the disease, complications are possible: fistulas, abscesses, strictures of the affected areas with the development of intestinal obstruction, which can be partial or complete.

Appendicitis

The most common disease of the appendix is acute inflammation requiring surgical intervention. Inflammation usually occurs as a result of blocking the opening of the appendix with a solid foreign body.

Symptoms of appendicitis are sharp pain in the socket of the right hip joint, vomiting, leukocytosis (an excess of white blood cells) and high fever.

The only treatment is removal (appendectomy). Otherwise, perforation and inflammation of the peritoneum with a fatal outcome is possible.

Diagnostics

If any of the symptoms described above recur often enough or are noted for a long time, bowel disease can be suspected. To make an accurate diagnosis, you should consult a gastroenterologist. He will be able to carry out the necessary diagnostics, establish the causes and localization of inflammation, and prescribe the necessary therapy.

In the study of the intestine, as a rule, a complex instrumental study is carried out, including X-ray and endoscopic methods, since they perform different tasks and largely complement each other.

For the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease can be assigned:

Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS, gastroscopy) is an endoscopic examination using optical equipment inserted through the oral cavity to visualize the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. The procedure makes it possible to take tissue for cytological or histological examination.
Colonoscopy - the principle is the same as FEGDS, only the sensor is inserted through the anus. The large intestine is examined, the condition of the mucous membrane is assessed, and the localization of inflammation is determined.
Video capsule endoscopy is a modern method of examining the intestines, in which the patient swallows a capsule with lighting and a camera, the capsule passes through all parts of the intestine during the day, the information is transmitted via radio waves to a computer, and allows you to assess the condition of the mucous membrane of the entire intestine.
X-ray examination.
1. Fluoroscopy is an examination of the stomach and small intestine using a contrast agent. It is carried out after oral administration of an aqueous suspension of barium sulfate. X-ray images, fixing the progress of the contrast agent, allow you to study the parameters and functional state (peristaltic and evacuation functions) of different parts of the small intestine.
2. Irrigoscopy - examination of the large intestine by filling the examined sections with a contrast agent. With barium irrigoscopy, a solution of barium sulfate is injected through the rectum, after which a series of pictures is taken in various projections. Allows you to examine the mucosa in detail and evaluate the work of the large intestine.

Treatment of intestinal inflammation

Power correction

A diet is required. The acute period involves a complete rejection of mechanically, thermally and chemically coarse food. Liquid and pureed dishes are recommended.

Meals should be fractional - at least 6 times a day. To exclude irritation of the mucous membrane, it is necessary to completely abandon spicy and fried foods, foods with preservatives and chemical additives.

In addition, smoking, alcohol, any smoked products, coffee and even tea are also objects of mucosal irritation. Also, to restore it, it is better to exclude rich soups (and even broths), chocolate and carbonated drinks.

After the end of the acute period of inflammation, the diet gradually expands. You also need to get out of this diet very carefully, adhering to the recommendations of a gastroenterologist, in order to avoid complications and relapses.

Medical therapy

Painkillers (antispasmodics) used for pain symptoms that often accompany inflammation of the intestine ("No-shpa", "Platifillin", "Drotaverin"). Thanks to these drugs, spasms of the internal organs of the gastrointestinal tract are eliminated.

To relieve inflammation, anti-inflammatory drugs (tablets, suppositories) are used and sorbents, which bind toxins in the intestinal lumen and remove them ("Profibor").

Antacids eliminate excessive acidity of gastric juice ("Omeprazole", "De-nol", "Relzer"). Their use allows you to restore the injured walls of the small intestine.

With functional disorders of the stool, the use of symptomatic medicines . To combat diarrhea, after each act of defecation, loperamide-based tablets are taken (Loperamide, Imodium, Diara). If inflammation is combined with constipation, painful defecation, laxatives in the form of lactulose-based syrups (Goodluck, Portalak) are included in the symptomatic treatment regimen. The use of saline laxatives is contraindicated due to the high risk of recurrence of the pathology.

If the patient is diagnosed with inflammation of the distal colon, medications in the form of suppositories (rectal suppositories) are used for treatment.

If an infectious cause of inflammation is confirmed (in particular, the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori is detected), connect antibiotics("Klacid", "Omefez", "Promez", "Amoxicar"). As a rule, the course of treatment with antimicrobial agents lasts two weeks.

Only a doctor can choose a drug and prescribe a course of antibiotic treatment, since some drugs in this group can have a destructive effect on the intestinal walls.

For the destruction of helminths, antihelminthic drugs are taken - "Piperazine", "Albendazole".

Correction of insufficiency of digestive enzymes is carried out using enzyme preparations . Dysbacteriosis is corrected with probiotics and eubiotics .

Therapy according to indications can be supplemented with mineral waters, multivitamin complexes, mineral supplements and physiotherapy.

Bowel treatment at home folk remedies

The most popular folk remedies for restoring the functioning of the digestive system are tinctures and decoctions of medicinal plants.

Many experts believe that herbal medicine for bowel diseases is a really effective and reliable method.

However, treatment at home must be carried out under the constant supervision of a gastroenterologist.

In severe diarrhea, along with drug therapy, patients are advised to take astringents. For these purposes, you can use decoctions of chamomile, sage, St. John's wort, blueberries and bird cherry.

1 tbsp St. John's wort, pour 1 cup boiling water, leave for 40 minutes, take 1/3 cup 3 times a day before meals.
Pour 2 tbsp into the pan. blueberries and 3 tbsp. bird cherry berries, mix, pour 10 tbsp. water, bring to a boil, simmer for 10-12 minutes. Take 1/4 cup 2 times a day.

With flatulence and bloating, herbal teas are effective:

Mint leaves, anise seeds, cumin, fennel - all equally. 2 tsp brew the mixture with 1 cup boiling water, insist in a tightly sealed container for 6 hours. Drink 1 glass in small sips throughout the day.
Rowan fruits (4 parts), mint leaves (3 parts), dill seeds (3 parts), valerian root (2 parts). One tbsp. brew the mixture with 1 cup boiling water, leave for 4 hours in a tightly sealed container. Drink half a glass 2 times a day.
Mix 1 tbsp. cumin, 4 tbsp. valerian roots, 6 tbsp. chamomile flowers. Then 1 tbsp. brew the mixture with 1 cup boiling water, insist for 3-4 hours in a sealed container, strain. Take 1 glass in the morning and evening.

Author of the article: Sergey Vladimirovich, an adherent of reasonable biohacking and an opponent of modern diets and rapid weight loss. I will tell you how a man aged 50+ to remain fashionable, handsome and healthy, how to feel 30 at his fifty. about the author.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the second most common gastrointestinal disease. They affect people of all ages and genders. With IBD, inflammatory processes occur on the mucous membrane of different parts of the intestine. How does inflammation of the intestine develop symptoms and treatment of this disease with effective means? On the main causes of this disease and methods for its diagnosis, read on.

Causes of intestinal inflammation

The intestine consists of 3 sections: the duodenum, the large intestine and the small intestine. This organ is involved in digestion and the immune system. When exposed to various negative factors, the death of mucosal cells begins in a weakened area of the intestine, which leads to increased blood circulation in this area, the onset of pain. Due to inflammation, the cells of this organ cannot secrete enzymes and absorb nutrients. Because of this, there is a violation of the functions of the intestine. IBD occurs for the following reasons:

Infection (bacteria, viruses, protozoa). Often the cause of IBD are: E. coli, shigella, salmonella, rotavirus, amoebic dysentery.
Helminthiasis (infection with worms).
Overeating and malnutrition, saturated with fatty, fried, smoked, spicy foods.
Heredity. The lack of enzymes in the intestine is sometimes transmitted at the genetic level, as is the predisposition to the onset of IBD.
Dysbacteriosis, a violation of the normal microflora in the intestine. This leads to the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria and the occurrence of diseases of the mucous membrane of this organ.
Poor circulation in the intestinal walls, atherosclerotic changes.
Autoimmune processes in which the immune system produces antibodies against intestinal cells, which causes inflammation in this organ.

Symptoms

Basic knowledge on the topic of inflammation of the intestine, symptoms and treatment of this disease will help to notice its development in time and seek help. This disease is divided into types according to the place of occurrence of the focus: duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum), enteritis (disease of the small intestine), colitis (disease of the large intestine), mesadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes), proctitis (inflammatory process on the mucosa).

According to the duration of the course, IBD can be acute or chronic. If bacteria, viruses or protozoa become the cause of this disease, then it has an infectious nature and is called an acute intestinal infection. When inflammation occurs against the background of other causes, the disease is classified as non-infectious. The main signs of intestinal inflammation in women and men are similar. IBD causes the following symptoms:

Pressing pain in the abdomen, the localization of which is difficult to determine. The cause of the pain is a spasm of the intestinal muscles.
Nausea after eating.
Vomiting after eating.
Flatulence, indicating a lack of enzymes in the body.
Stool problems in the form of diarrhea occur with an acute intestinal infection, and with problems in the large intestine, there may be constipation.
Weight loss is often associated with inflammation of the small intestine and is the result of a deterioration in the absorption of nutrients by it.
Anemia. It develops with a low level of hemoglobin in the blood, which occurs when iron is poorly absorbed from a diseased intestine.
Elevated temperature.

Which doctor to contact

In case of problems with the intestines, a consultation with a gastroenterologist is necessary. If the patient constantly feels discomfort and pain in the abdomen, then he should not look for a solution to this problem on his own, but it would be better to visit a doctor. At the appointment, the doctor will examine the patient and tell him the main points about the inflammation of the intestine, the symptoms and treatment of this disease. Then he will refer the patient for an additional examination, which will help to establish the most accurate diagnosis. After that, the doctor will prescribe treatment with medicines, herbal preparations and give recommendations on the diet.

Diagnosis of the disease in adults and children

In order to correctly diagnose the disease, the gastroenterologist often sends patients for additional examination. With the help of a blood test, feces and endoscopic methods, it is easy to identify and determine the focus of inflammation. An additional examination will help the specialist to establish a diagnosis and choose the right treatment regimen. In children, IBD manifests itself in the form of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. NUC in infants is accompanied by diarrhea and traces of blood in the stool.

An older child diagnosed with ulcerative colitis often complains of cramps, abdominal pain, and loose stools. Diagnosis of NUC is carried out with the help of rectal examination and palpation. Inflammation of the intestines in a child in the form of Crohn's disease, in which ulcers appear on the mucous membrane of the diseased organ, manifested by frequent stools, pain. Diagnosis in this case is carried out using colonoscopy, endoscopy, irrigoscopy, palpation. Let us consider in more detail the laboratory and other methods used to detect IBD.

Clinical blood test

A blood test is a mandatory laboratory examination, which is prescribed by a doctor to a patient if an inflammatory process in the intestine is suspected. According to the values of ESR and the content of leukocytes in the bloodstream revealed in this study, the gastroenterologist will determine the degree of the disease. Their increased rates will indicate to the doctor the inflammatory process taking place in the body.

Coprogram

To establish the correct diagnosis in IBD, the patient is sent for fecal analysis. This examination will show whether the process of digestion in the body is taking place correctly. The coprogram will help to identify the lack of enzymes by poorly digested food residues. Fecal analysis can still detect the presence of helminths, which can be the cause of intestinal problems.

Bacteriological examination of feces

If an intestinal infection is suspected, a microflora culture is done. Bacteriological examination of feces will help to identify pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, identify these microorganisms, and determine their sensitivity to antibiotics. If you have an infection, your doctor will be able to prescribe effective drugs to treat the inflammation based on a stool test.

Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS)

Examination of the stomach with an endoscope is prescribed in some cases to confirm the diagnosis of IBD. In this case, the probe is introduced into the patient's body through the mouth. The endoscope is a fiber optic tube equipped with a camera and light. With the help of fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy, an examination of the mucous membrane of the stomach and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract is carried out. If necessary, during such an examination, a part of the mucosa is taken for histological examination.

Colonoscopy

For IBD, a colonoscopy may be ordered. This research method is carried out using a device that consists of a flexible tube with a diameter of 1 cm, a length of 1.5 m and an optical device. Colonoscopy is performed by inserting an endoscope through the rectum. In this case, the anus is pre-treated with dicaine ointment. This method of examination is used to assess the condition of the colon mucosa. Before colonoscopy, a thorough cleansing of the examined organ from feces with an enema is carried out.

Video capsule endoscopy

The latest method of examining the intestines is video capsule endoscopy. When conducting this type of study, the patient swallows a special, disposable, sterile capsule, which, when passing through the gastrointestinal tract, takes many pictures. The doctor on the computer in real time sees the location of the video capsule. Such a study of the intestinal tract provides accurate information about the state of its mucosa. The video capsule is removed from the body during a bowel movement in a day.

Methods of treatment for inflammation of the intestine

How to treat inflammation of the intestine in adults? After establishing an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will prescribe an effective therapy to eliminate IBD. Depending on the degree of development of the disease, various medications, enzymes, herbal teas can be prescribed. For the treatment to be effective, a patient with IBD must follow a special diet. In parallel with drugs for VKD, folk remedies can be used, but only after consulting a doctor.

Etiotropic therapy

With IBD, therapy is prescribed, which is aimed at eliminating the main cause of the disease. If it consists in the defeat of the body by pathogenic bacteria, then the patient is prescribed antibiotics. With helminthic invasion, antihelminthic tablets (albendazole, piperazine) are prescribed. If the cause of IBD is autoimmune, then immunosuppressants are prescribed for treatment.

Symptomatic therapy

Symptomatic therapy is used to reduce the pain, spasms, and/or bloating common in patients with IBD. To do this, use antispasmodics, defoamers and other drugs in the form of tablets, suppositories, tinctures, which can temporarily alleviate the patient's condition during the process of treating inflammation. So, to eliminate increased gas formation, espumizan is used, and to relieve spasms - no-shpu. And after taking antibiotics, rehabilitation is carried out, aimed at restoring the intestinal microflora with special preparations.

Pathogenetic therapy

For successful treatment of this disease, it is necessary to remove inflammation in the intestines. For this purpose, anti-inflammatory drugs and sorbents that bind toxins are used. Pathogenetic therapy for IBD also includes drugs containing enzymes. These drugs include Mezim, Pancreatin, the intake of which helps to reduce the load on the diseased organ of the digestive system.

Diet

Properly organized nutrition in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is of great importance. What should be the diet for inflammation of the intestine? To quickly cure the disease, it is necessary to eat dishes that reduce the load on the mucous membrane of the diseased organ. Medical recommendations on the topic "Inflammation of the intestines symptoms and effective treatment" recommend that meals for IBD be fractional - 5-6 times a day. The patient's menu should be saturated with proteins, and fats and carbohydrates in it should be reduced.

With IBD, it is advised to include vegetables, fruits, lean meat, black bread, and low-fat dairy products in the diet. Do not eat fried, smoked, spicy foods. Food for an IBD patient is best boiled, steamed. It is especially useful for this disease to eat foods rich in potassium and calcium. In IBD, reduce daily salt intake to 6-8 g. A person with inflammatory bowel disease should drink 2 liters of water daily. The following is a list of recommended dishes and products for TCD:

low-fat soups;
vegetable decoctions;
compotes;
juices containing tannins;
dishes from veal, lean beef;
chicken cutlets, meatballs, soufflé;
fish dishes;
cheese, cottage cheese with low fat content.

Folk remedies

Some plants have medicinal properties that are great for fighting inflammation of the intestines of a different nature. Traditional medicine has many recipes for potions for the treatment of this disease. Many patients have experienced the healing effect of taking such natural remedies. The following herbal remedies can help treat IBD:

Pour 200 ml of boiling water over a mixture made from 1 tsp. herbs chamomile, sage, centaury. Insist. Take every 2 hours all day, which is 8 times a day. Use the remedy for 3 months.
Make onion juice by crushing the plant and straining the resulting slurry through cheesecloth. Drink the resulting remedy for 1 tsp. before meals 3-4 times a day. This drug is good for constipation, colitis.
Prepare a herbal mixture of 60 g of buckthorn root, 10 g of fennel and anise, 20 g of licorice root. 1 st. l mixed dry plants pour 200 ml of boiling water. Insist 1/2 hour. Use in the morning, in the evening, 200 ml.

Where to treat inflammation of the intestine

In order to recognize intestinal inflammation at the initial stage and quickly get rid of this ailment, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist for advice with constant discomfort in the abdomen. Where is this disease treated in Moscow and St. Petersburg? In the capital and other cities, qualified medical care is provided by gastroenterologists in state clinics, medical centers, and private clinics.

Cost of treatment

How much does the treatment of intestinal diseases cost in Moscow, St. Petersburg?

A consultation with a specialist in medical centers will cost 1300-6000 rubles.
Diagnosis of the disease with the help of laboratory studies of medical tests costs between 250-1000 rubles.
Endoscopic examination will cost 3000-4000 rubles.

In some medical centers, it is possible to call a doctor at home and take tests without leaving your apartment. The price of such services is in the range of 3000-6000 rubles.

Video about inflammatory bowel disease

IBD brings a lot of problems and severe discomfort to a person. Why does this disease occur, what are its symptoms? An interesting, informative video on the topic: "Inflammation of the intestines symptoms and treatment" will give answers to these and other questions about this gastrointestinal disease. The advice of experts will help you find out what effective methods are used to get rid of IBD.