Hawthorn laxative. Hawthorn - the benefits and harm to the body of berries and products

How often, when we feel unwell, we look for reasons where there are none. We try to blame our problems on the polluted environment, bad weather, negligent and conflicting employees, etc., etc. The condition of hair, nails, teeth has worsened - dirty air and radiation are to blame, there are problems with sleep and irritability - it's all to blame stressful situations, which provoke heartless people, tortured joint pain and high blood pressure - it's all weather and heavy physical work. And we don’t even think that the reason for our condition can be purely internal and consist in a deficiency of vitamins and important trace elements, for example, a lack of calcium in the body.

Why do we need calcium?

It's no secret that our body includes most of the minerals from the periodic table, a detailed acquaintance with which takes place back in school years. One of these minerals necessary for a person is calcium (the 20th element of the table with the designation Ca).

In fact, 99% of the calcium in the body is our bones. And about 1% of the total amount of a trace element in the human body circulates through the circulatory system, which delivers this trace element to various organs and systems of the body. After all, the need for calcium is experienced not only by bone tissue.

Let's begin with that cell membranes contain such universal components for transportation nutrients inside the cell like calcium channels. Thus, thanks to calcium, cells are nourished, the mechanisms of their aging and death are regulated.

First of all, calcium is necessary for bone and neuromuscular tissue. It is the basis of bones and teeth, is part of nails and hair, due to which all these components are sufficiently durable. Beautiful shiny hair, healthy strong teeth, strong smooth nails - aren't these indicators of health and beauty? It is not for nothing that this microelement received the title of “beauty mineral”. And it’s not even worth arguing about the need to maintain the mineral composition of the skeleton, because our ability to stand, walk, lift weights, etc. depends on it.

Calcium is involved in the regulation of the contractile function of human muscles, including the heart muscle. He is a conductor nerve impulses while nourishing the tissues of the nervous system.

Calcium in the blood maintains normal levels blood pressure and cholesterol levels, regulates secretory function various glands that produce specific hormones, and blood clotting, controls enzymatic activity and DNA synthesis on different stages this process. It is thanks to calcium that constancy is maintained internal environment body (homeostasis).

It is not difficult to imagine how dangerous a lack of calcium in the body can be for a person, if virtually all of its performance depends on this mineral.

ICD-10 code

E83.5 Disorders of calcium metabolism

E58 Nutritional calcium deficiency

Causes of calcium deficiency

So, calcium deficiency is observed if a person regularly receives less than the required rate of this an important trace element. But there are situations when people of the same age (for example, a husband and wife or twin children) eat the same food, get the same amount of calcium with it, but completely different levels this mineral. Let's see what can affect the calcium content in the human body.

Among the factors causing deficiency calcium in the body is worth highlighting the following:

Improper nutrition with a predominance of genetically modified food components and synthetic substitutes for natural products that do not carry any nutritional value, but may adversely affect metabolic processes in the body.
Strict diets for body shaping, which can not only limit the intake of calcium in the body, but also contribute to the leaching of the already existing mineral from the bones.
Some therapeutic diets with limited consumption of dairy products, meat, eggs, chocolate, i.e. foods high in calcium.
The lack of information about the calcium content in food and the body's needs for this trace element, which would make it possible to adjust your diet. Ignorance of this information leads to the fact that many people, even eating natural products, cannot cover the daily need for calcium.
Lack of information about the conditions under which calcium is absorbed in the body to a greater extent. This capricious element of the periodic table is not always easily absorbed in the intestines and absorbed by the cells. And some foods (For example, coffee and alcohol) and drugs (popular acetylsalicylic acid, which can be found in many drugs, tranquilizers, narcotic drugs) can even interfere with the absorption of calcium.
Lack of vitamin D in the body, which contributes to a more complete absorption of Ca. Causes of calcium deficiency due to vitamin D deficiency in the body can be: insufficient dose sunlight at hypersensitivity to him or constant stay indoors, fasting, drinking purely plant food(vegetarianism).
Excessive passion for cigarettes and strong coffee, as a result of which calcium is poorly absorbed, and its insoluble compounds accumulate in the body, forming kidney stones.
Insufficient mineralization of drinking water.
Lactose intolerance, in connection with which a person cannot consume dairy and other products containing lactose. But dairy products are actually the main source of calcium from childhood.
Impaired estrogen production.
The presence in the body of a large number of trace elements that stimulate the excretion of Ca from the body. These trace elements include metals (lead, iron, cobalt, zinc), as well as phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and sodium.
Taking certain medications that can bind and remove calcium not only from the bones, but also from the body as a whole. These drugs include hormonal and anticonvulsant drugs, laxatives and diuretics, tranquilizers, antacids and secretion regulators. gastric juice(reduce absorption due to alkalization of the contents of the stomach), antibiotics (tetracycline, which is therefore not recommended for the treatment of children).

Risk factors

Risk factors for the development of hypocalcemia can be periods of pregnancy and lactation, when the mother's body is forced to give part of the calcium to the child in her womb or breastfeeding, as well as some diseases with metabolic disorders.

As for diseases in which the level of calcium in the body decreases, pathologies come first. digestive system, one of the reasons for which is, again, an unbalanced diet. Worst of all, the situation is in violation of the absorption of Ca in the intestine, associated with various pathologies. It can be dysbacteriosis or a fungal infection (candidiasis), food allergies or chronic enterocolitis, and some other diseases.

The cause of hypocalcemia sometimes become: pancreatitis, diseases of the kidneys and thyroid gland (for example, hypoparateriosis), impaired hematopoiesis.

A sedentary lifestyle can also contribute to the development of hypocalcemia (slows down calcium metabolism), frequent stress, regular consumption of drinks such as Pepsi-Cola (especially in childhood), transfer of infants to artificial feeding(calcium absorption from breast milk twice as high as from formula milk). Heat treatment products also changes calcium in their composition, which makes it less absorbed.

Pathogenesis

It turns out that without the participation of calcium, the functioning of not a single organ or system of the human body is complete. Moreover, the need for calcium persists at all stages of human life: from the moment of conception until death.

The child begins to receive calcium from the mother's body even before birth. The body of a newborn baby already contains about 30 g of calcium. The human body gradually grows and develops, which means that the need for calcium remains for a long time.

You need to understand that once in the body, calcium does not remain there forever. It is constantly spent on the implementation of various processes of human life. Part of it is washed out of the body under the influence of certain factors, while more than 50% of calcium supplied from outside is not absorbed by the body at all.

All this suggests that calcium reserves must be constantly replenished, according to the needs of the body, which in various age periods undergo certain changes.

The basis of the pathogenesis of calcium deficiency in the body, which is called hypocalcemia in medicine, is a violation of the norms of microelement consumption, in connection with which the body receives less building material for the bone system and teeth, and other systems begin to experience malfunctions. So, let's talk about the daily intake of calcium for people of different ages.

For normal growth and development baby his body should receive 400 mg of Ca daily. For babies from 6 months to a year, the need for calcium increases by another 200 mg and is 600 mg.

Children under 10 years old should receive about 800 mg of calcium daily, because during this period the child's skeleton is actively growing. The norm for adolescents and adults ranges from 800 mg to 1 g. In old age, the need for calcium increases even more and reaches 1200 mg per day.

People have an increased need for calcium old age, young people engaged in hard physical labor, athletes and those who lead an active lifestyle, women during pregnancy and lactation.

The need for calcium depends on the processes occurring in the body in a particular period of human life. If a person constantly does not receive the daily norm of a microelement corresponding to his age and occupation, a lack of calcium in the body is detected, which manifests itself in the form of a certain symptom complex indicating various violations in the work of the body.

First of all, the skeletal system suffers, of course, because it contains the lion's share of calcium. Since the distribution of calcium in the body is regulated parathyroid glands(small round formations around the “thyroid gland”), they, with the help of the parathyroid hormone synthesized by them, redistribute the mineral, taking calcium from the bones for the needs of other organs and systems in order to maintain homeostasis. calcium in required quantity is excreted from the bones into the blood and distributed throughout the body.

In the absence of sufficient calcium intake, the bone that has lost part of the “building material” becomes more fragile and porous, its strength decreases.

For the sake of self-preservation, the body cannot take all the calcium from the bones. This means that this process will not last indefinitely, and at some point not only the bone, but also many other human systems will begin to feel a lack of calcium, which will negatively affect his well-being and capabilities.

Symptoms of calcium deficiency

Symptoms of calcium deficiency in the body can be very diverse and resemble manifestations various pathologies and human conditions. Not all symptoms can be immediately associated with this pathology, but there are those, when they appear, you should immediately think about normalizing nutrition and taking additional doses of calcium in the form of medications. True, before this, it is still necessary to visit a doctor who will confirm the diagnosis, give recommendations on nutrition and prescribe the doses of medications.

So, the first obvious signs and warning symptoms of calcium deficiency in the body can be considered:

Deterioration of the hair condition and their premature loss. Hair becomes dull and brittle, they are prone to delamination and oiliness (or drying out) due to metabolic disorders that cause malfunctions of the sebaceous and sweat glands.
Problems with teeth. This is a violation of the sensitivity of tooth enamel, premature damage to teeth, frequent relapses caries, inflammatory processes in the gum area.
Increased fragility and delamination of the nail plate.
Painful look.
Convulsive syndrome.
The development of osteoporosis in adolescence and young age.
Increasing incidence of traumatism with bone fractures.

But have given state and other manifestations that can hardly be called specific, and therefore they are often attributed to overwork or diseases such as arthritis, beriberi, hypertension, etc., but not hypocalcemia. However, calcium deficiency in the human body can be indicated by symptoms such as:

Decreased performance due to rapid fatigue and constant weakness.
Sleep disturbances, manifested in difficulties with falling asleep and waking up, even against the background of general calmness.
Manifestations of emotional lability (mood swings, outbursts of irritability and anger, acute inadequate response to criticism).
High susceptibility to stress, which was not previously observed.
Difficulties with concentration and memory.
Problems with muscles and joints. Incomprehensible pain in the joints of the arms and legs, muscle pain (myalgia), more frequent cases of seizures in calf muscle, muscles of the hand and foot (especially under the influence of cold).
Tendency to bleeding due to decreased blood clotting due to lack of calcium. It can manifest itself in the form of frequent nosebleeds, bleeding gums, heavy and prolonged menstruation. Sometimes bruising is noted on the body that is not associated with an injury to the body.
The appearance of intolerance reactions to antigens that have not previously caused such an immune response. In adults, this manifests itself in the form of a common allergy, in children - in the form of diathesis.
General decline defensive forces organism. Decreased immunity leads to more frequent cases of colds and infectious diseases that occur with complications or become chronic. There are also frequent exacerbations of chronic infections.

Ca deficiency in the body can also be indicated by symptoms such as early gray hair and increased sweating.

Sometimes the body itself tells us what it lacks. Children are more sensitive to such signals and less constrained by conventions, so they are happy to lick the walls and gnaw on chalk at any opportunity. Such behavior, as well as insufficient growth of the child (relative to the norm for certain age and taking into account heredity), becomes a clear sign that the baby’s body lacks calcium.

Symptoms of calcium deficiency in the body in women

Domestic problems, caring for her husband and children take a lot of time from a woman, and she does not even think about the fact that irritability, fatigue, deterioration in well-being and appearance are the cause pathological condition organism, expressed in a lack of calcium.

And in vain, because frequent drops mood, constant weakness and fatigue, deterioration of hair and nails, dryness and pale skin tone with a decrease in its elasticity, recurrent caries, reduced immunity may well be symptoms of developing hypokalemia. And if you add to them bones aching for the weather, muscle pain and cramps, increased excretion blood during menstruation (due to a decrease in its coagulability), bleeding gums, bone fractures, the appearance of allergies, the development of pathologies of the heart (arrhythmias, hypertension, etc.), kidneys and thyroid gland, then a serious lack of calcium in the body is evident.

The reasons for the development of hypocalcemia can be different, we have already mentioned them above. But a purely female cause of a lack of Ca in the body is considered an unbalanced diet during pregnancy and lactation. Both while in the womb and during breastfeeding, the baby receives calcium for its growth and development from the mother's body.

After the birth of a child, the mother's body continues to take care of her offspring, producing milk, which is the main and only source of calcium for the baby during breastfeeding. It turns out that the mother, both before childbirth and after them, should receive the amount of calcium in such a way as to meet the needs of both her body and the baby's body. If this does not happen, both mother and child suffer. not without reason daily rate calcium for a pregnant woman and nursing mothers is increased and is in the range of 1200-1500 mg.

By the way, it is also worth increasing calcium intake for women leading an active lifestyle, i.e. regularly performing sets of physical exercises that accelerate calcium metabolism.

Another one delicate reason- this is the desire to remain slim and attractive to men in any way. Hence the fashion for strict diets that allow you to quickly remove from the body overweight. But ladies often do not think that along with these kilograms, not too much calcium can go away.

A decrease in calcium levels is observed in women both in the premenstrual period and during menstruation. Such changes are associated with hormonal imbalance during this period, because female hormone Estrogen is actively involved in the metabolism of calcium and promotes its excretion from the body. For the same reason, the development of osteoporosis during menopause is so often observed. The disease is accompanied by increased fragility of bones and withering of the skin. But if during menstruation, Ca deficiency is a temporary phenomenon, then during menopause a woman can experience it all the time.

By the way, many symptoms of menopause are associated precisely with a lack of calcium in a woman's body. These are hot flashes with pressure surges, fever and palpitations, and hyperhidrosis (especially at night), and a violation psycho-emotional balance and muscle weakness Bladder and even decreased libido.

Symptoms and causes of calcium deficiency in the body in men

Despite the fact that men are not worried about such things as pregnancy, lactation, menstruation, and a decrease in estrogen levels during menopause, the causes of hypokalemia in them are not much less than in women. In many ways, they are associated with bad habits, such as smoking and alcohol abuse, which interfere with the absorption of calcium in the intestines. In addition, adolescent boys are more prone to risky "games" with drugs.

A common cause of the development of hypocalcemia and osteoporosis in men is also hard physical labor against the background of insufficient intake of calcium in the body.

Do not think that osteoporosis is a disease of women menopause. Although men suffer from this pathology somewhat less frequently than women, they tend to be more early development illness. This is especially true for men who are professionally involved in sports. Active sports and high physical activity contribute to accelerated withdrawal Ca is excreted from the body, which means that the need for it increases and is equal to the norm for pregnant women (1100-1200 mg per day). By the way, this amount of calcium is contained in 1 liter of milk, but keep in mind that its digestibility in this case is only about 30%.

The lack of potassium and calcium in the body becomes common cause being young and generally healthy woman can never get pregnant. And the risk of cervical erosion in such women is much higher.

Symptoms of calcium deficiency in the body in men have been listed above. This deterioration in working capacity, irascibility, deterioration of the skin, teeth and nails, early baldness, the development of pathologies of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, etc.

Lack of calcium in the child's body

Calcium deficiency in children can show up at any age. If a future mom during pregnancy did not receive enough of this important trace element, which is a building material for life developing in the womb, Ca deficiency will certainly affect the condition and development of the child. The same can be said about the lactation period, while the child does not receive complementary foods.

Such babies, suffering from a lack of Ca, have reduced immunity, which is why they often have red rashes on their cheeks, indicating a tendency to allergies (diathesis). Children later begin to walk due to weakness of the legs, their grasping reflex is slightly weakened.

The lack of calcium in the body of a child has other manifestations. Both adults and children or adolescents with this problem are characterized by increased excitability, they are more likely to develop emotional lability associated with disorders of the CNS.

Such children may not sleep well, complain of pain in their legs, and later experience some learning difficulties due to lack of concentration and poor memory.

AT adolescence there may be complaints about the crunch of bones and joints when moving the arms and legs, pain in the spine. There is a violation of posture.

The leaching of calcium from the bones in older childhood and adolescence is largely facilitated by the passion for fast food and sweet carbonated drinks such as Pepsi-Cola. A refusal to use useful products, containing calcium, such as milk, cottage cheese, cheese, parsley, sesame, etc. only exacerbates the problem.

Complications and consequences

Calcium is not only a building material for teeth and bones, but also functional component many processes that take place in the human body. This means that the lack of such an important trace element can hit many human organs and systems hard.

A lack of calcium in a child's body can adversely affect his future, since there is Great chance that the spine, incorrectly formed in childhood, will remind of itself even in adulthood. And here, taking calcium supplements is unlikely to fix anything, because everything needs to be done on time.

Chronic calcium deficiency in both childhood and adulthood is fraught with the development of nervous diseases, and emotional lability will be the easiest manifestation of them. The consequences of hypocalcemia can be astheno-neurotic syndrome, the development of encephalopathy, cerebellar insufficiency, psychosis, polyneuropathies, senile dementia etc.

Constant fluctuations in blood pressure will negatively affect the work of the cardiovascular system, which has to work above the norm. In the end, the pressure will become consistently high, and we will have to talk about hypertension.

A prolonged lack of Ca in a child is fraught with negative changes in the lens of the eye, which will subsequently result in the development of subcapsular cataracts. Moreover, these children have increased risk development of multiple sclerosis in adulthood.

Coagulation disorders due to Ca deficiency can cause large blood loss in trauma, which in some cases can lead to lethal outcome.

About such consequences as a decrease in immunity and the development of allergic and chronic diseases on this basis. infectious processes, premature loss of hair and teeth, increased fragility of bones, loss of former attractiveness, it’s not even worth talking a lot. Neither women nor men want this for themselves.

Diagnosis of calcium deficiency

Despite such a vivid clinical picture, only a specialist doctor can determine the cause of the onset of symptoms and their relationship with a lack of calcium in the body. Since the symptoms of the condition are nonspecific, it may be necessary to conduct a series of examinations before the cause of the ailment is established.

Emphasis is placed on the study of the anamnesis and complaints of the patient. Any suspicious symptoms are taken into account, because calcium deficiency in itself can cause the development of various pathologies with their characteristic symptoms.

You can determine the current level of calcium in the body using laboratory tests. Analyzes are prescribed by a doctor in accordance with clinical picture. A blood test is required. The normal content of Ca in the blood plasma is in the range of 2.15-2.5 mmol per liter.

To check kidney function general analysis urine.

Instrumental diagnostics is carried out regarding possible pathologies (diseases of the heart, nervous system, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract). Blood pressure and heart rate are measured. If there are noticeable deviations from the norm, indicating malfunctions in the cardiovascular system, the doctor may prescribe an ECG.

Among other things, such examinations as radiography and ultrasound of organs can be prescribed. abdominal cavity and small pelvis, EEG (study of the conduction of nerve impulses), etc.

Differential Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis is carried out with diseases that have similar symptoms with a lack of calcium in the body.

Treatment of calcium deficiency

Treatment of this condition depends on the degree of neglect of the process. While the symptoms are implicit, it makes sense to adjust the diet, because calcium is not such a rare trace element and is found in many foods. In addition, there are many vitamin and mineral complexes that contain calcium in sufficient quantities, and will help fill the deficiency not only of calcium, but also of other important substances.

On pharmacy shelves, you can now find many specialized calcium preparations containing vitamin D 3, which helps this capricious mineral to be better absorbed.

Let's take a look at some of these drugs.

We will not focus our attention on budget one-component preparations in the form of calcium gluconate or calcium carbonate, because their digestibility leaves much to be desired. They are more suitable as a prophylactic against a lack of calcium in the body.

And here is a popular drug "Calcium D3 Nycomed"- this is a medicine of a different plan, which, in addition to calcium carbonate, also contains vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) to improve its absorption. Taking this drug is much more pleasant than pure calcium, because Calcium D3 Nycomed tablets have an appetizing orange (lemon) or refreshing mint taste.

You can take the drug 1 or 2 times a day. Daily dosage for adults is 2 tablets. For children 5-12 years old, the doctor may prescribe a medicine in the amount of 1 or 2 tablets. Toddlers 3-5 years old are given ½ or 1 tablet per day.

The tablets are intended to be chewed. You can take them both before meals and during it. The course of treatment for calcium deficiency is usually 4-6 weeks.

Analogues of the above drug are considered "Complivit Calcium D3" and "Vitrum calcium with vitamin D3".

Of particular interest are combined preparations, because a lack of calcium in the body is often accompanied by a deficiency of other useful substances (magnesium, potassium, zinc, etc.). Preparations of this kind are considered "Calcemin" and "Calcemin advance".

Preparations "Calcemin" and "Calcemin advance" administered according to the patient's calcium requirements. The second is an enhanced version of the drug, which is prescribed if bone problems begin, while the first drug is considered a prophylactic against demineralization of the body.

"Calcemin advance" is interesting in that it contains not only calcium (in the form of citrate and carbonate) and vitamin D 3, but several others. beneficial trace elements: magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, boron. The addition of calcium citrate makes the drug effective even when low acidity gastric juice. In addition, this component prevents stone formation in the urinary system.

Assign "Calcemin advance" to children over 12 years old and adults in a single dosage - 1-2 tablets per day with the possibility of increasing the daily dose to 3 tablets. It is recommended to take the drug during meals.

Calcium preparations are not prescribed in such cases: with an excess of calcium and vitamin D 3 in the body, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, pathologies that can cause the development of hypercalcemia, such as sarcoidosis, hyperthyroidism, cancerous tumors. To grave consequences may lead to taking the drug with kidney failure, nephrolithiasis, hypercalciuria. Preparations containing sugars are not used to treat patients with impaired glucose and fructose metabolism.

Taking calcium supplements may be accompanied by the appearance of the following symptoms:

indigestion with nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea,
allergic reactions in the form of a skin rash, itching and redness of the skin, rarely - anaphylactic shock.

Long-term intake of large doses of calcium-containing drugs can provoke the appearance of calcium in the urine, the formation of urinary calculi (stones) with its participation.

Acute hypocalcemia is considered a condition life threatening patient, therefore, her treatment is carried out in a hospital. In any case, the intake of calcium preparations should be carried out in parallel with the control of its content in the blood and urine.

Homeopathy

If in traditional medicine it is customary to turn to calcium preparations mainly only when symptoms of a deficiency of this mineral are present, then in homeopathy the approach to prescribing such drugs is completely different. Calcium preparations are prescribed mainly in childhood and adolescence, when the need for calcium, which is necessary for the growth of the skeleton, the formation of the immune and nervous systems, the accumulation of muscle mass and the implementation of many physiologically determined processes in the body is especially high.

For small children who are not indifferent to tooth powder, chalk and whitewash, but they do not tolerate milk well and dairy products are prescribed mainly drug Calcium carbonicum. Moreover, this homeopathic remedy used in most diseases that develop in childhood. These are diseases of the skeletal system, and pathologies of the respiratory system, the nervous system and the circulatory system, and metabolism. Calcium carbonicum is used for migraines and epilepsy.

At an older age this drug prescribed for phlegmatic children with fair, delicate skin, sensitive to the effects of cold, which is why their feet are constantly cold. Such children do not like meat and milk.

Thin children with elongated features and increased excitability, not so sensitive to cold, but often suffering from diseases of the skeletal system, are shown the drug Calcium phosphoricum. These children are very fond of meat.

Slightly aggressive children with dental and bone structure disorders are prescribed a homeopathic remedy Calcium fluoricum.

Calcium sulfuricum administered to children who are ill purulent diseases(for example, follicular tonsillitis), and its analogue Hepar sulfuris- strong, athletically built young patients with cold traits of character and epileptoid inclinations of temperament.

calcium around us

The lack of calcium in the body is quite strange phenomenon, considering that calcium in sufficient quantities can be found in many foods that are familiar to us from birth. Take the same milk, which is the most important source of calcium and vitamins for a child, starting from infancy.

And who does not know about the eggshell, which is almost 90% calcium? Eggshell from lack of calcium has been used for a long time. True, many scientists consider this source of an important trace element to be very doubtful. The whole problem is that calcium from the eggshell is absorbed very poorly.

This issue was proposed to be solved with the help of a lemon, because. acidic environment should promote the absorption of calcium. Thoroughly washed egg shells had to be dried, having previously been cleaned of the inner film, and ground into powder, after which it was taken daily for ½ tsp. powder mixed with lemon juice (2-3 drops). Calcium in this form is recommended for admission within 2 months with a course repeated 2 times a year.

But milk and eggshell are far from the only sources of calcium in nature. If the reader is interested in the question of what else can make up for the lack of calcium in the body, you should pay attention to those products that are quite often present on our table. These are any dairy products(and especially cottage cheese), seafood, vegetable oils, oatmeal, green leafy vegetables (parsley, dill, etc.). By the way, fish fat, as a source of vitamin D, is useful not only for children, but also for adults, since it helps to absorb calcium that enters the body from other foods.

For example, sharing calcium and fatty foods reduces the absorption of the mineral in digestive tract. And excessive passion for coffee-containing and carbonated drinks provokes the excretion of calcium from the body. Negatively affect the maintenance of calcium balance in the body and bad habits(in particular smoking), which means you have to choose: either health or pleasure.

The same can be said about strict diets, which are not able to provide good nutrition, as a result of which the body will experience a deficiency of one or another important vitamin or microelement for it.

If a lack of calcium in the body can be caused by a violation of its absorption in the intestines, then it makes sense to correct the problem as soon as possible by contacting a doctor when the first signs of pathology appear.

The health of the bone, nervous, muscular and other systems of the baby should be taken care of by his mother, who during pregnancy and lactation should receive enough calcium to share with your offspring for the health of both.

It is generally accepted that lack of calcium more typical for people in old age, and here lies the most dangerous mistake. The fact is that over the years, losing calcium and not paying attention to replenishing it, in old age we get only the natural result of such negligence, namely osteoporosis.

According to experts, lack of calcium in the body provokes the appearance of about one and a half hundred various diseases. These include cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, neurological and nervous disorders and much more.

Signs of calcium deficiency

One of the clear signs of calcium deficiency can be considered bone fragility and pain in them. If you fell and didn’t even hurt yourself much, but at the same time broke your arm or leg, this is a symptom.

Fragility of nails, hair, diseases of the teeth (crumble, cracks appear on the enamel) are also symptoms of calcium deficiency in the body.

From the side of the nervous system lack of calcium can manifest itself in the form of irritability, fatigue, anxiety. If you like to play sports, pay attention to this calcium deficiency symptom, how frequent convulsions. Vascular fragility, hypertension, paralysis facial nerve and even premature gray hair can be signs of calcium deficiency.

calcium deficiency in children

Especially dangerous. The normal intake of this element ensures the normal growth and development of not only bones, but the whole organism as a whole. calcium deficiency in early age can lead to diseases such as multiple sclerosis, in more mature years.

calcium deficiency in children causes a violation of the formation of bones, teeth, pathological changes in the lens of the eye, nervous disorders, excitability, convulsions. One of the most dangerous phenomena caused by a lack of calcium in children can be considered poor blood clotting.

Children are mobile and restless, often get minor injuries and cuts, and poor clotting in which case it can be fatal.

How to make up for the lack of calcium in the body

First of all, you need to choose a good vitamin complex containing calcium and elements that accompany its absorption. So, for example, calcium is poorly absorbed without vitamin D, this must be taken into account when choosing vitamins for both adults and children. Together with calcium, we need phosphorus - it is he who, together with calcium, is deposited in the bones and strengthens them. If calcium deficiency leads to inflammatory diseases you need to add magnesium.

If you decide to make up for the lack of calcium, you must definitely pay attention to foods containing calcium.

What foods contain calcium

First of all, of course, this is milk and dairy products: kefir, cottage cheese, sour cream, yogurts. They need to be consumed daily. with symptoms of calcium deficiency, as well as the three main groups of people most susceptible to hypocalcemia: children, pregnant women, the elderly.

Fish products also contain a lot of calcium. At lack of calcium in the body pay attention to salmon meat, sardines are also rich in it.

And of course, calcium is found in herbal products, especially salad vegetables (celery, cabbage, lettuce) and greens. They are rich in various seeds and nuts. A good source of calcium is eggs.

However, if you are going make up for the lack of calcium with the help of products, it is necessary to pay attention to some factors that interfere with the absorption of this substance.

First of all, it's fat. If a we are talking about a lack of calcium in children, then you need to especially monitor this, since fat forms insoluble compounds with calcium that are not absorbed by the intestines. Adults should be aware that the higher the fat content of calcium-containing foods, the less calcium they contain.

It should also be noted that some substances contribute to the very rapid excretion of calcium from the body. If you like carbonated drinks, such as Coca-Cola, some products for replenishment of calcium deficiency will obviously not be enough. The fact is that this drink contains substances that remove calcium along with urine.

From the foregoing, it is clear that in order to compensate for the lack of calcium, a reasonable diet based on foods that contain calcium is necessary, good vitamins and restriction in the use of certain products that interfere with the absorption of this substance.

In order to compensate for the lack of calcium in infants, the diet should be observed by a nursing mother. Thus, she will not only protect the child from deficiency, but also make up for her own losses associated with pregnancy.

If you notice any calcium deficiency symptoms in the body, it is best to consult a doctor. He will help you choose proper diet and prescribe additional calcium supplements. At self-treatment an excess of calcium is possible, which is also dangerous for the body.

Alexandra Panyutina
Women's magazine JustLady

One disease follows another, one after another changing doctor's offices, prices for all kinds of tests are changing and health is changing. Of course not in better side. Tell me, do you live such a life or remain an outside observer?

Many people would like to take responsibility for one's own health on the shoulders of the attending physician. But is it reasonable? Yes, he is a specialist, he has a medical education and experience. But have you noticed how long the queues for reception are? Isn't it possible to feel wholeheartedly about the problems of everyone - at least just listen to them all? I don't think...

Yes, there are private clinics with comfortable beautiful sofas, the latest equipment and almost unlimited free time at the staff - there, perhaps, they will listen, but how many of us can afford a visit there? Yes, if you are ill, you need to see a doctor, but while you are healthy, you need to do everything possible to save your health!

Perhaps I will not be mistaken if I assume that 70% of our health depends on what we eat. And you, probably, have already heard more than once that some diseases arise from a lack of certain elements in the diet. Many have heard about this, but who has even tried to rectify the situation? After all, knowing and doing is different concepts. And sometimes inaction leads to very unpleasant results.

Today I would like to talk about the problem deficiency in the body.- this is the real basis of our body, without which the normal existence of a person is impossible. The role of calcium in the body can be compared with the role played by the frame of the house. If there is no stable, high-quality frame, how long will your house be able to stand? In the human body, the amount of calcium reaches 2% of total weight body. Most calcium is found in bones, teeth and nails.

But calcium It's not just the frame of the body. This trace element needed to manage many flowing in the body processes especially the contractions of the heart. It also transmits a signal through the cells of the nervous system, causes the muscles to contract, without it blood clotting is impossible. Calcium connects all cells of the body to each other, participates in digestive and excretory processes, and is an indispensable component of immune processes.

Many people know that when lack of calcium in the body nails become brittle, teeth deteriorate, hair falls out. But these troubles are only visible manifestations. What is happening inside your body at this time? The body is designed by nature extremely practical, and with a lack of calcium, in the first place, it begins to take it from where its deficiency will bring least problems. After all, brittle nails are a mere trifle compared to interruptions in the work of the heart muscle caused by calcium deficiency. That is why, with a lack of calcium in the body, appearance first of all begins to suffer.

What do most of us do in such cases? We build up our nails in the salon, we buy miracle serums for hair loss in stores, we are looking for a magic paste that will strengthen our teeth. We can even go to the pharmacy, buy the first calcium tablets that come across, drink them and, sighing in disappointment that “it didn’t help again”, continue to spend energy and money on trying to solve problems with appearance.

So remember external signs calcium deficiency:

The condition of the hair worsens - they fall out, become dull and brittle, gray hair may appear in them.
Nails peel and become brittle.
Tooth enamel becomes thinner and brittle.
Suffering nervous system- aggressiveness, irritability, constant feeling of inner anxiety.
Vessels become fragile, the tone of their walls is disturbed, automatically blood pressure rises, and this is already a serious blow not only to cardiovascular system but throughout the body.
The skin becomes dehydrated and loses its tone.
Menstruation becomes protracted.
Of course, the skeleton also suffers losses - the bones become brittle, and even a small fall without bruising can result in a fracture.
Stones form in the kidneys. It is widely believed among people that kidney stones are formed from an excess of calcium - not at all, from its lack (You can ask the all-knowing Google for details of this interesting process).
If you are doing any physical activity, then there may appear convulsions.
Frequent disturbances in the digestive system, more often it is constipation.

And all this is only a small part of the problems that lead to lack of calcium. Total known about 150 diseases, arising from the lack of calcium in the body.

Calcium is consumed continuously, as it participates in almost all processes occurring in the body. You are nervous - and your body has already lost calcium. And during the time that a woman bears and gives birth to a child, about 30,000 mg of calcium is consumed. During one breastfeeding, the body loses about 300 mg of calcium.

What and how do you replenish the supply of calcium in your body?

How can a woman not age with such a calcium deficiency?

First, let's determine how much calcium we need daily:

10-13 years - 1000mg
13-16 years - 1200mg
16-50 years - 1000 mg
Over 50 years old - 1200mg
Pregnant and lactating women - 1500 mg to 2000 mg
Women in menopause 1400mg

Where can we get the calcium we need? You say: in food. Then let's see
how much calcium is contained in popular foods (in terms of 100 grams of product):

Milk 3% fat - 100 mg
Sour cream - 90mg
Curd – 95mg
Hard cheese - 500 mg
Processed cheese -300mg
Meat -7-10 mg
Eggs (1 pc) - 27mg
Boiled shrimp - 110mg
Tuna (canned) - 8mg
Banana - 26mg
Orange - 40mg

Of course, if you really, really try, you can eat the prescribed 1000 mg of calcium per day. After all, it is only 1 liter of milk. Or 200 grams of hard cheese. Or a kilo of cottage cheese. In bananas and eggs, I think you don’t need to count. And who can eat like this every day?

Also, keep in mind that in some cases calcium is poorly absorbed or not absorbed at all. For the normal absorption of calcium, the presence of magnesium is necessary, and in a certain ratio, as well as the presence of vitamin D. Coffee lovers and smokers, the process of absorption of calcium is much worse.
In principle, for everyone who smokes, the number essential vitamins must be multiplied by two to neutralize the harmful effects of nicotine.

And now the control question - are there people among us who still believe that there is calcium in store-bought milk and cottage cheese? I would even ask this question like this: - how much milk is in the milk from the store?
Some of us bring village products, some of us found “our proven” grandmother at the local market. All this is wonderful, but, again, remember that cottage cheese needs a kilogram every day! Isn't that a lot? Not only that, because all this cottage cheese will certainly be deposited in the secluded places of your figure, if you still try to get the daily required amount of calcium from it.

AT modern world people have long been using natural deficiency fillers to replace food products that are depleted of useful substances. Synthetic calcium is different from natural calcium in many ways. it has a completely different composition, created by man, and not by nature.

For example, "Calcium-lacte" contains a calcium compound with milk sugar, lactose metal. And even if we assume that in one tablet of this "Calcium" 1000 mg, then only 250 mg of it is the calcium we need, and the remaining 750 mg is milk sugar. And if we remember that only 10% of the total amount of calcium consumed is absorbed, then it turns out not even 250 mg, but only 25 mg. And then it turns out that in order to receive daily rate calcium You will have to eat not one or even 4, but from 40 to 80 of these tablets per day depending on the needs of your body. I think instead of 40 tablets better kilo eat cottage cheese. At least it will taste better.

And even better, soberly weigh everything, do not rush to extremes and shy away from the reduction as if from fire. Do you need calcium? Find natural calcium, chelated form and with good composition. All vitamins that enter the body in chelated form are absorbed by 90% or more.

Do not throw money away, and your health - in the trash!

When it comes to this macronutrient, most people think that the lack of calcium in the body is dangerous only for bones and teeth. In fact, the consequences of deficiency can affect almost everything. internal organs and systems. How does a lack of calcium in the body manifest itself, what symptoms in women with this condition appear most often, how to understand that a child lacks this substance? Why is vitamin D needed in case of poor absorption of calcium by the body, why women with its deficiency fail to lose weight quickly, do older people need to increase their intake of the substance?

With a lack of calcium in the body of a woman, both her health and appearance. How to check if you are getting enough macronutrient? Since the lack of calcium in the body has similar symptoms for both men and women, both adults and children, you will be able to determine for yourself whether you need to see a doctor or enrich your menu with foods high in this substance. After all, there are foods that prevent the absorption of calcium from food.

Factors causing calcium deficiency

A macronutrient deficiency is possible not only with a poor diet. Sometimes even people who consume expensive foods high in calcium suffer from hypocalcemia. This may be due to:

The absence or insufficient intake of vitamin D. The fact is that the substance is well absorbed only in tandem with vitamin D. That is why pediatricians prescribe Aquadetrim for young children in the first year of life during the cold season.
The use of sodium in in large numbers. Prevent the absorption of the macronutrient and excess potassium and magnesium. Also, people who consume excessive amounts of products containing oxalic acid can suffer from its deficiency. These include: spinach, rhubarb, sorrel, currants and gooseberries.
Chronic kidney disease.
The consumption of large doses of phosphorus (contained in soft drinks and various food additives).
Lack of calcium in the body and autoimmune diseases.
Taking certain medications: proton pump inhibitors, anticonvulsants. There is also a deterioration in the absorption of the substance during and after chemotherapy sessions.
Hormonal disorders in the female body.
Women's passion for strict diets.

Partially, calcium compounds are converted into a soluble form under the action of of hydrochloric acid gastric juice. In order not to think about how to make up for the lack of calcium, it is necessary to monitor the functioning of the digestive tract. Quite often, various disorders in their work can be detected in people with obesity.

Deficiency symptoms in women

There are a number of signs that help determine the lack of a substance in the body.

One of the main symptoms of a lack of a substance are considered muscle spasms. It is also difficult for a person with a deficiency of this substance to move because of pain localized in the muscles of the thighs and arms.
The problem extends to skin. Individuals with a macronutrient deficiency may develop eczema or psoriasis. In women, the fragility of nails and hair increases.
Calcium is one of the main components of teeth. Therefore, with its shortage, there is a deterioration in the condition of the teeth and oral cavity.
These symptoms include chronic fatigue.
A lack of calcium can provoke a change in voice (due to spasms of the larynx).
In the future, a person may begin to lose consciousness, the process of swallowing becomes difficult.
With advanced hypocalcemia, a person is diagnosed with glaucoma.
There is numbness of the fingertips and corners of the mouth.
Osteoporotic joint pain occurs. And in the future, women suffer from osteoporosis.
Hypocalcemia may present with a tendency to nosebleeds.
Due to reduced immunity, the tendency to allergic reactions increases.
Arrhythmia is another alarming "bell" that may indicate calcium deficiency. Sexologists believe that cardiovascular disorders are the culprits of women's sexual dysfunction.

Surprisingly, with a lack of calcium in the body, women cannot lose weight. Based on studies conducted with the participation of both animals and humans, scientists were able to find out the following: fat cells contain calcium, which, together with hormones, affects the activity of lipase, an enzyme that breaks down fats.

Deficiency in men

Symptoms of a macronutrient deficiency in the body of the stronger sex are similar to those in women. And although it is believed that osteoporosis is 4 times more common among women, men are also prone to developing it.

However, few people know that the symptoms of calcium deficiency in the body can be:

increased irritability (this phenomenon not only prevents a normal life, but also reduces sex drive);
sleep disorder;
severe attacks headache.

neonatal hypocalcemia

This disease is diagnosed in newborns shortly after birth. As a rule, calcium deficiency is detected in the first few days of life. However, the problem may show up after 3 or more days.

Risk factors leading to the disease are: premature birth, diabetes in a woman in labor. In older adults, the problem may arise due to the use cow's milk. Pediatricians do not at all recommend introducing this product into the diet of a child up to 8-12 months of age.

Symptoms of neonatal hypocalcemia include the following:

nervousness and anxiety;
poor appetite;
slow breathing or apnea;
tachycardia.

To clinical symptoms hypocalcemia in infants include:

excessive sweating while eating and sleeping;
rolling out hair at the back of the head (with a lack of a macronutrient, the baby rubs his head against the pillow);
shyness and shuddering at sharp and loud sounds;
trembling of the chin while crying.

Signs and actions of parents

To find out if a baby has a calcium deficiency in the body, there are several simple methods:

With your fingertip, lightly tap on the baby's cheek (in the area of the corner of the mouth). If twitching occurs, then a calcium deficiency in the baby is possible.
Squeeze the child's hand in the middle third of the shoulder. If at the same time his fingers cramped, the probability of a deficiency is very high.

At the first symptoms, consult a doctor. After all, the deficiency of this macronutrient in children's body often causes rickets. This disease can lead to disability, physical and mental developmental delay of the crumbs.

Calcium deficiency in children can occur during the formation and development of spinal curves and walking. In this case, there is a violation of posture and curvature of the bones of the limbs, children often have low body weight. As the child grows older, hypocalcemia leads to splitting and brittleness of the nails, cracked corners of the mouth, anemia, and seizures.

In the treatment of the disease, infants receive calcium gluconate intravenously and take drugs orally. With rickets, the intake of funds must be combined with the use of vitamin D by children. However, the dosage should be prescribed only by a doctor.

Myths and reality about the elderly

You've probably heard that the risk of developing osteoporosis increases significantly with age. Unfortunately, older people understand this in such a way that they need to increase daily dose calcium. But New Zealand scientists do not think so.

Scientists from the University of Auckland found that calcium only increases bone strength by 1-2%. Also, experts tried to identify the relationship between the frequency of bone fractures and the use of this macronutrient. As it turned out, regular consumption of the substance does not at all reduce the risk of injury.

In order for the body to function normally even in old age, it is necessary to consume no less calcium than experts recommend. But an additional intake of the substance in the form of certain tablets is not needed at all.

Daily consumption rates

The “dose” of a macronutrient that the body needs daily depends on the age of the person. For maximum absorption, it is necessary that it enters the body along with phosphorus.

There are so-called optimal doses of calcium depending on age:

up to a year - 400 mg;
1-3 years - 600 mg;
3-10 years - 800 mg;
10-13 years - 1000 mg;
13-25 years - 1200 mg;
25-55 years - 1000 mg;
after 55 years - 1200 mg.

The daily intake of calcium by pregnant and lactating women is from 1500 to 2000 mg., Women during menopause - 1400 mg.

What to do in case of deficiency

If you have found signs of a clear lack of calcium in yourself or your child, you should consult a doctor. The specialist will study your medical history, ask about the genetic predisposition to calcium deficiency and osteoporosis.

If, nevertheless, the specialist suspects hypocalcemia, he will send you to the laboratory in order to take a blood sample. If symptoms of a macronutrient deficiency are observed in a child, then you will be prescribed a urine test according to Sulkovich.

Usually, for people who do not have enough calcium in the body, doctors prescribe it in the form vitamin supplements. However, it should be borne in mind that they may interact poorly with certain drugs:

beta-blockers to lower blood pressure;
means for lowering cholesterol levels;
with estrogen content (may increase the level of calcium in the blood).

Help with nutrition

You can replenish your calcium stores by eating high protein foods: meat, fish, legumes, cottage cheese and sour-milk components. You should also pay attention to sesame seeds, turnips and greens, broccoli and cabbage.

This is very important, because if you suffer from a lack of calcium in the body, then taking vitamins and supplements with this substance will not have big effect. It is known that it is the protein that transports the substances coming from the outside to the destination through special channels - into the cells. That is why the lack of calcium in the body, the symptoms of which we have already spoken about, often occurs in supporters of vegetarianism and people with intolerance to cow's milk protein.

What foods should be avoided

If calcium is poorly absorbed in your body, then in addition to treatment, you need to monitor your diet. There are a number of foods that deplete the macronutrient, leading to dire health consequences. Their absence from your menu will help to avoid the loss of a precious substance:

carbonated and alcoholic drinks;
coffee and other foods high in caffeine;
salty dishes.

You should also avoid using overuse fats. They bind calcium and do not allow the macronutrient to break through to the cells. And, of course, with such a disappointing diagnosis, you should get rid of excess weight.

With calcium deficiency, experts advise quitting smoking. This bad habit adversely affects the absorption of the macronutrient.

Please note that it is difficult to create an excess of calcium in the bones with a complete diet. After all, the excess is excreted by the kidneys and intestines. But the additional intake of the substance in the form of tablets leads to the accumulation of calcium salts in the kidneys.

Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers think they need to take vitamin complexes enriched with calcium. Experts believe that for normal functioning women's bodies do not need higher dose macronutrient than 2000 mg. The main thing is not to forget to regularly walk in the fresh air - so that vitamin D is produced.

Now you know what a lack of calcium in the blood and bones leads to, what symptoms can signal a problem. However, do not forget that all good things should be in moderation. An excess of calcium also does not bode well, so take vitamins and medications only in doses recommended by the attending physician. Do not forget that vegetarians and people with intolerances are at risk milk protein(celiac disease).

Classmates

Among the macronutrients needed female body to ensure proper life, calcium is especially secreted. Its deficiency negatively affects the functions of all organs.

A lack of calcium (Ca) is classified as hypocalcemia. Its main effect is dysfunction of the parathyroid glands, it is checked by blood tests, which show a decrease in calcium. In women, a lack of calcium in the body is manifested by especially pronounced symptoms.

Causes of hypocalcemia

A common cause of calcium deficiency in women is a lack of vitamin D. It develops with malnutrition, lack of sunlight.

Causes of hypocalcemia:

hereditary diseases;
diseases of the hematopoietic organs;
cancers in the parathyroid glands.

Menopause is usually accompanied by calcium deficiency. The level of estrogen, which is responsible for the content of the macronutrient in bone tissue. Change hormonal background with age provokes the destruction of bones. Age changes lead to a decrease in the absorption of the mineral from food.

Older women need to eat more calcium-containing foods in order to restore proper absorption of the mineral.

Ca deficiency symptoms

In women, the first symptoms of calcium deficiency are general weakness, high fatigue. The main symptoms include dryness and peeling of the skin, loss of luster and brittle nails, bad condition teeth. The lack of calcium in the body in women is manifested by different symptoms.

Calcium (Ca) deficiency disrupts the functions of nerve conduction in the muscles, which manifests itself in night cramps, numbness of the extremities. Prolonged calcium deficiency leads to osteoporosis, which often causes fractures.

Calcium required normal functions heart muscle, its deficiency disrupts contractile activity leading to heart failure.

Deficiency of this macroelement weakens the body's immune forces, disrupts blood clotting. Such pathologies are difficult to drug treatment, and the question of a threat to life arises.

Symptoms of calcium deficiency in women:

insomnia: the woman falls asleep but is absent deep phase sleep that does not give a satisfactory night's rest. Inadequate sleep prevents the growth of new bone cells;
the inability to lose weight, no matter what diets a woman uses. Physiologically, the macronutrient is stored in fat cells, regulates their safety. However, his loss burns adipose tissue, and a woman can lose weight without any diets. But it will be painful weight loss associated with a violation of mineral metabolism;
paresthesia: a violation of the central nervous system, manifested in muscle tremors, tingling throughout the body.

In fact, calcium is associated with the cycles of the entire body. Normal cycles achieved by increasing mineral substance up to the norm. Calcium is found in tryptophan, amino acids that are found in the right amount in turkey, cheese, sun.

Is your body getting enough calcium?

In women, the symptoms of calcium deficiency in the body are expressed not only in insomnia and weight problems. A macronutrient deficiency interferes with the normal course of pregnancy, the proper development and growth of the fetus.

Treatment of hypocalcemia

Hypocalcemia in acute form treated only in stationary conditions, since such a state carries serious threat life. In women, calcium deficiency in the body is manifested acute symptoms that are amenable to drug therapy.

Chronic Ca deficiency requires the use of calcium and vitamin D preparations. Any calcium-containing preparations are prescribed in a dosage calculated for a daily intake of the mineral in the amount of 1.5-2 g.

In addition, vitamin D is prescribed, which improves the absorption of calcium (Ca) by the body. The dosage of the vitamin is calculated by the doctor according to the needs of the woman. The effectiveness of treatment is constantly monitored laboratory research blood tests.

It is important to achieve the disappearance of symptoms of hypocalcemia, the normal content of Ca in the blood serum. The content of serum calcium is monitored weekly, all the time of inpatient treatment.

Then the tests should be taken 1 time in 2 weeks. After normalization of indicators in the tests, blood is given 1 time in 3 months.

Drug therapy includes taking drugs:

calcium gluconate;
Natekal;
Calcium D3 Nycomed;
vitamin-mineral complexes - Complivit, Multitabs, Nutrimax.

The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor. He knows how much calcium a woman's body needs according to her well-being, by age categories.

Women are at risk for this disease, because their body needs more high content macronutrient. Particularly significant are the disease amenorrhea. With it, the level of circulating estrogen decreases, and the calcium balance significantly depends on this. Difficulties with its content also begin during menopause.

Pregnant women require a higher mineral content in order for the musculoskeletal skeleton of the fetus to form normally.

Prevention of Ca deficiency

You can reduce the risk of hypocalcemia by adjusting your diet. It is necessary to eat foods containing Ca, vitamin D every day. In case of Ca deficiency, sesame seeds, hard and processed cheeses should be included in the diet, wheat bran, almonds, hazelnuts, legumes. In milk, the Ca content is much lower, however, calcium from it is easily absorbed by the body.

It is important to get vitamin D not only from food, but from sunlight because it activates natural processes in the body.

The warm season is the period when you need to sunbathe as much as possible under sunbeams with open skin. Especially a lot natural vitamin D the sun radiates in the period before 10 am.

It should be prescribed by a doctor to supplement nutrition with vitamin and mineral complexes. Pharmacology developed special complexes for pregnant and lactating women, taking into account increased need calcium during these periods.