Acute intestinal infection in a child. Intestinal infection in children, its symptoms and treatment

The child complains of pain in the abdomen, lethargic, inactive, he is tormented by nausea, frequent stools. These are suspicious symptoms. Ring the bells - there is a possibility.

The disease affects adults and children. Intestinal infection in children is caused by bacteria that get inside, affect the esophagus, lead the body to intoxication. Intoxication is characterized by poisoning of the body, leading to weakening. The intestines of a child are weaker than an adult and need urgent treatment.

Find out the symptoms of intestinal infection in children. Signs directly depend on the sources that led to the infection of the child. Options: dysentery, escherichiosis, salmonellosis, rotavirus.

Dysentery - the infection lasts up to 7 days. Characteristics of the disease - diarrheal syndrome with an acute onset, pronounced stools, pus, blood.
Escherichiosis - lasts 5 days. It is characterized by temperature during intestinal intoxication, cough in sputum, vomiting, loose stools, pain in the lower abdomen. The condition is noticeably worsening.
Salmonellosis - lasts up to 2 weeks. The disease is accompanied by vomiting, pain in the stomach, liver, spleen and other organs located in the center.
Rotavirus - duration 5-7 days. The first signs are vomiting, fever, intoxication. Rotavirus includes varieties: groups A, B and C.

Treatment of intestinal infection in children

It is important for people with dysentery to undergo a course of therapy of up to a week. Ideally, patients adhere to bed rest, exercise therapy. Eat right - the body will recover. Eat light meals - soup, porridge, boiled chicken. Do not forget about recovery pills, take Ftalazol 4-5 times a day before meals (up to a week).

With escherichiosis, it is not permissible to get involved in self-medication at home. You need to go to the hospital. If you decide to treat yourself, choose a course lasting up to a week. Treat with antibiotics - use Levomycetin. Apply 0.5 grams 4 times a day half an hour before meals. In severe cases, the dose is increased to 1 gram at a time.

Rotavirus

Lethargy during the day, low appetite, abdominal pain, nausea - you may not suspect, but the baby may be sick with rotavirus. Find out the symptoms, treatment methods in children.

The beginning is banal - sore throat, cough, signs of inflammation of the stomach, loose stools.
The kid complains of pain in the gastrointestinal tract - the first signal of the development of the disease.
The child looks tired, sleepy, refuses to eat, holds his stomach - a sign of rotavirus.

Take a course of medication. For the first type, loperamide tablets are suitable. Helps to flatten stools by reducing frequency and volume. The second type is better to take Acipol - it digests food, helps the absorption of vitamins in the body. The third type is suitable antigen. Helps the functioning of the intestines, the immune system to fight different types of bacteria.

In the external environment, children are in daily contact with other babies. You cannot save from communication. Frequent preventive maintenance will not be superfluous. If you notice signs of infection in a child, give Phosphalugel - it will help to cope with the infection, prevent it.

Rotavirus is divided into types. There are 9 of them, the first three types are more common: A, B, C. The causative agent in children is group A rotavirus. It is transmitted through things, objects, food. More often seen in autumn and winter. The infection is in 2nd place after ARVI. The virus recedes after 2-3 weeks, the mucous membrane will finally restore functioning after 8 weeks.

Rotavirus treatment

Stick to a strict diet until the body is fully restored. Eliminate dairy products, juices, drinks. Do not forget to take pills to improve bowel function. You can use cefriaxone. Blocks the bacterial process, leading to the death of unnecessary microorganisms. If the disease is not treated, the gastroenteric process will start to the point of no return.

With rotavirus infection, it is better to undergo prophylaxis - it starts like a mild cold - rather than treat the disease later.

Make sure children wash their hands. 90% of infections occur due to dirty hands, which children certainly pull into their mouths.
Visit your pediatrician regularly.
Get vaccinated. Injections are given to children up to a year or a year - no later. Vaccination is a great way to protect yourself from getting sick. Not recommended for children with allergic reactions. The reason is the risk of anaphylactic shock. It will be more difficult to save a child than from a rotavirus infection.

With rotavirus, proper care and appropriate treatment are important. After a full recovery, the disease does not bear consequences. The main thing is to prevent the disease in time, to cure it correctly. Aminocaproic acid is used for rotavirus infection.

After rotavirus, problems with the stomach and intestines may occur. A negative consequence is a decrease in the production of esophageal enzymes. It is better not to joke with a rotavirus infection - it leads to a slowdown in digestive functions, a deterioration in food intake, and the death of a variety of bifidobacteria. The process of fermentation and putrefaction takes place in the intestines.

White stool after rotavirus infection

After an infection, white stools are not surprising. Manifested gastroenteritis, gastric and intestinal flu, weakening of the immune system. The manifestation of gastroenteritis is E. coli and other viruses.

The appearance of white feces is provoked by harmful bacteria remaining in the body. It's impossible to take them out right away. They make the stool light until the bacteria are completely eliminated. Take probiotics right away - they will return the stool to its natural color, improve bowel function.

If you have started treatment, do not stop - inaction leads to death. How much to be treated to achieve full recovery? The exacerbation period lasts up to 5 days. Full recovery takes two to three months. It is recommended to take Creon. Improves digestion, helps the body fight harmful bacteria.

If the child is constantly sleeping after rotavirus, do not worry - the body has suffered stress and it takes time to recover. It will take a month and a half and the child will return to an active life.

Signs of an intestinal infection in a child

You can recognize the disease by intoxication of the body, temperature, headaches, mucous secretions with pus and blood. Distinguish:

Viral - mild symptoms. Characterized by headache, fever, weakness, mild diarrhea (without blood, mucus, pus).
Intestinal - the infection is more difficult. Characterized by vomiting, pain in the center of the abdomen, diarrhea (with mucus, pus, blood), feeling unwell, loss of fluid. With an infection, the child will be weak, lethargic.

More often the baby becomes infected through water, food, unwashed hands, dirty toys, contact with children. A child with a weak immune system is exposed to infection. The disease manifests itself in the summer, autumn period, when there are many factors for infection. Parents should protect the child, carefully monitor his actions so that he does not put dirty hands in his mouth, before eating, wash his hands, the products that he is going to use.

Acute intestinal infections in children

The infection is in 2nd place after the respiratory type. The reasons:

Non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene by the child.
Eating dirty, unwashed foods.
Products produced by cattle.
Inappropriate sanitary conditions.
Stopping breastfeeding at an early age.
Bacteria that are pathogens.

Acute intestinal infection in children depends on pathogens, the method of intestinal damage, the quantitative composition of toxins, and the entry of bacterial substances into the blood. Symptoms in a child: weakness, lethargy, abdominal pain, fever.

The digestive tract is made up of the duodenum. Harmful elements enter the intestine through the oral cavity. Saliva serves as a protective barrier that separates the good from the bad. But functionality is not enough to prevent a negative process. Parents need to supervise their children. We saw the manifestations of the disease in the child - immediately give Ceftriaxone tablets. If the medicines do not help, call the doctor - be treated in the hospital.

Don't forget simple prevention. Take care of hygiene, properly store, process, consume food.

After an intestinal infection, complications are allowed, accompanied by shortness of breath, kidney failure. Urine is stored in the body, contributing to the insufficient functioning of organs.

Cold treatments affect infections. Give your child an enema - the problem will pass. For the effectiveness of treatment, it is recommended to use the drug Remantadin. The structure of the drug helps to quickly restore the body. The drug is recommended for prevention. If you use Remantadine at an early stage, the manifestation of the disease may not go.

How long is an intestinal infection treated?

The exacerbation passes within 3-4 days. The infection is completely eliminated from the body in a month or two. Proper treatment is necessary, following the recommendations:

Watch your personal hygiene.
Drink plenty of water - 2 liters per day.
Wash vegetables and fruits before eating.
Eat Right:

Breakfast: rice or semolina porridge (on the water), tea with crackers.
Second breakfast: compote or jelly with crackers.
Lunch: low-fat soup, boiled meat.
Snack: jelly or a glass of rosehip broth.
Dinner: oatmeal on the water, steamed cutlet, compote.

Anti-epidemic measures in the outbreak:

Hospitalization;
burial;
Insulation;
Disinfection;
Prevention.

The concept of wound infections

An infection occurs when germs enter the wound. The wound becomes inflamed, pus forms with a rash. The body is able to fight infections on its own. In a mild form of injury, with further sterilization of the wound, the bacteria do not form pus.

The appearance of infection depends on the established factors. Microbes settle in their usual habitat. If a child has an infection, it means that he did not adhere to the rules of personal hygiene, and you sterilized the wound incorrectly. It could be due to the baby's weak immune system. It is advisable to periodically strengthen the immune system. Vitamins will help the child - in a couple of weeks, the immune system will get stronger.

If the hand accidentally gets into water, dirt, infection is guaranteed. A fungus, a stick under a microscope will be found. The worst thing is the risk of catching tetanus in an acute form. The disease affects the nervous system, disrupts the performance of the heart and breathing, the history of the disease can end sadly. Take pills for tetanus, in the future try to prevent its occurrence.

Treatment of intestinal infection

Children with
Babies.
Children with digestive problems.
Children with typhoid.
Children with cholera.

The child must have a diet. Infants are given non-caloric mixtures. For older children, mashed potatoes, vegetables (pumpkin, carrots), crackers, vegetable soup, cereals, boiled meat, yogurt, cottage cheese, kefir, fruits (apples, bananas, pears, lemon) and drink plenty of water.

Drink more fluids - it helps to remove unnecessary substances from the body. If you feel unwell, it is desirable to use potassium permanganate. With increased fluid loss, it is recommended to drink 2 liters of water per day. If water does not help cleanse the body, use an enema. If it doesn't help, go to the hospital immediately.

How to treat an intestinal infection:

rehydration therapy. It is used in the acute stage of dehydration. If there are no signs, do not delay with prevention. Children under 2 years old can drink 100 ml. water, over 2 - 200 ml.
Antibacterial therapy. Designed for babies. They are treated with folk remedies, rubbed with herbs, given tinctures.
supportive therapy. Normalizes the microflora of bacteria. It is recommended to use Bifidumbacterin.
Diet therapy - is the observance of the child's diet.

Nursing process in intestinal infections

The nursing process is a term in medicine aimed at helping the patient. The process is called nursing care.

survey;
diagnostics;
intervention planning;
intervention;
degree of achievement, result.

Nurses care for patients, help, control, fill out sick leave. More susceptible to infection. Patients are isolated to prevent infection. The ward is disinfected daily, the staff wears gauze bandages, protective clothing is used, equipment is sterilized.

In case of medical damage (skin, mucosa), the nurse provides assistance, informs the elder sister, head. For prevention, the employee takes precautionary measures. The main thing is to wear individual gloves.

The nurse makes sure that patients with symptoms of intestinal infection and recovering patients do not end up in the same room. In people with intestinal infections, psychosomatics and bleeding develop. The patient becomes agitated and anxious. The phenomenon is similar to delirium in conjunction with hallucinations. Differences between delusions and hallucinations: in the first case, a person lies quietly and talks in an unconscious state, in the second, visions come to him, the patient becomes insane. If a relapse occurs, the patient is brought to life with the help of narcotic drugs.

If after 6 hours the viral infection does not stop, turning into bleeding, the patient does not eat, drink, does not move, he is given a transfusion. In the absence of complications, after 10 days it is allowed to sit, after 15 days - to walk. The patient can be completely cured in a month. During this time, bed rest is observed.

For a long time after cleaning and transfusion, the patient complains of lack of appetite. In a week he will be able to eat normally. For a month, follow a special diet - light soups, cereals are recommended.

If the regimen is violated, the child's condition worsens, there is a risk of death. If you follow the above tips, you can be cured, save the baby from the problem.

Intestinal infection in children is one of the most common groups of diseases.

After all, it is children who most often neglect hygiene standards, and their immature immunity is not able to fight back bacteria and viruses.

Intestinal infection is a disease characterized by disruption of the gastrointestinal tract and general intoxication of the body. The causative agent of the disease, entering the human body most often by the fecal-oral or airborne route, begins to multiply in the intestine, causing inflammation, interruptions in its work. Hence the typical manifestations of such infections: diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain.

Classification of intestinal infections

A bacterial intestinal infection is characterized by a severe course of the disease, it is characterized by high fever, nausea, vomiting, severe diarrhea and, as a result, dehydration.

The viral one is usually caused by rotaviruses and enteroviruses and is much more common, because it is transmitted by airborne droplets, and the patient excretes the virus for another 2-4 weeks after recovery. Despite this, viral infections are much easier to treat, have less pronounced symptoms and are less dangerous for the child.

Protozoal intestinal infection occurs much less frequently in children, since infection occurs when drinking water from reservoirs or very dirty vegetables and fruits, but its course can be longer than bacterial and viral, up to chronic forms.

It is noteworthy that the disease is seasonal: in summer, children are most often susceptible to bacterial infections, because in the heat, microorganisms multiply especially quickly in some products. In winter, children are most susceptible to rotavirus and enterovirus infections indoors in kindergartens and schools.

Pathogens and clinical manifestations in children

The causes of intestinal infections in children are diverse. Entering the body, pathogens actively multiply in a favorable environment, causing inflammation of the cells of the intestinal mucosa. As a result, diarrhea occurs - the main symptom of an intestinal infection in children. Other manifestations of the disease - vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea, fever, general weakness - do not belong to the obligatory symptoms of the disease.

Dysentery, or shigellosis, is the most common bacterial infection among children, which is manifested by a sharp increase in temperature, frequent stools with impurities of mucus or pus (from 4 to 20 times a day), tenesmus, spasmolytic pain in the iliac region, as well as intoxication and weakness. The younger the child, the more pronounced intoxication of the body.

Salmonellosis often has a gastrointestinal form with a slight temperature, liquid and copious stools. There are also flu-like, septic and typhoid-like forms. Influenza-like is manifested by rhinitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, typhoid-like - a long period of fever. The septic form of salmonellosis occurs in newborns, premature babies and children under one year old and is accompanied by the appearance of purulent foci throughout the body, it is extremely difficult.

Esherechiosis develops as a result of infection with an enteroinvasive, enterotoxigenic or enteropathogenic bacillus. Such a disease is characterized by fever, weakness, lethargy, regurgitation, flatulence, watery diarrhea, possibly even with blood. Children under 2 years of age are more likely to be infected with enteropathogenic eschecheriasis, and the disease is severe.

Yersiniosis is most often infected from animals. The manifestation of the disease begins with an increase in temperature. There are localized and generalized forms of the disease. Localized is manifested by liquid, fetid stools, gas formation in the intestines and the presence of first white and then raspberry plaque on the tongue. The generalized form is notable for a rash, damage to the liver, spleen, and enlarged lymph nodes.

A staphylococcal infection can be primary when eating contaminated food or secondary when the infection spreads from other sites in the body.

The disease is manifested by frequent stools, intoxication, and in case of secondary infection, it occurs simultaneously with the main disease: tonsillitis, pneumonia, etc.

Rotavirus intestinal infection in children begins acutely, often with fever, followed by vomiting and diarrhea. It is the most common among children.

Adults get sick with it much less often, because after one illness, immunity to a certain virus is formed. Also, the disease can be accompanied by rhinitis, sore throat, cough and conjunctivitis.

Enterovirus infection in a child occurs mainly in infancy. Clinical manifestations depend on localization: tonsillitis, myalgia, conjunctivitis, myositis, meningitis. In the gastrointestinal form, the disease proceeds in the form of enteritis.

Manifestations of the disease in children

First of all, it should be noted that intestinal infections in infants are most often accompanied by a violation of the general condition and dehydration. Therefore, it is advisable to treat them in a hospital setting.

Since a group of diseases is accompanied by intestinal damage, the general symptoms of intestinal infection in children can be grouped and designated as characteristic:

diarrhea;
vomit;
temperature;
nausea;
flatulence;
lack of appetite;
pain and cramps in the abdomen;
general weakness;
dehydration.

The main symptom is diarrhea, which causes severe dehydration. If an intestinal infection is diagnosed in infants, it is necessary to carefully monitor the signs of dehydration:

dry mouth;
decreased frequency or lack of urination;
sunken eyes or fontanel;
dryness of the skin.

Diagnostics

A pediatrician or an infectious disease specialist can suggest a disease based on examination and clinical manifestations. But to determine the type of infection and choose the right treatment is possible only after the establishment of the pathogen.

According to statistics, acute intestinal infections in children in 80% of cases are caused by rotaviruses. Today, many pharmacies can already offer a test for determining rotavirus, which greatly simplifies diagnosis and treatment.

In case of bacterial etiology of the disease, the main method for diagnosing the disease in children is bacteriological examination. Also used in some cases enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), determination of antibody titer. A scatological examination can help with the definition of the affected area of the gastrointestinal tract.

When diagnosing AII in children, it is important to exclude diseases such as acute appendicitis, lactase deficiency, pancreatitis, and others. Therefore, during hospitalization, an examination is carried out by a pediatric surgeon, a gastroenterologist, and in some cases, ultrasound diagnostics are also prescribed.

Intestinal diseases in children are manifested primarily by vomiting or diarrhea. This is how the protective reaction of the body manifests itself. If you know that the child has eaten something that can cause poisoning or infection, it is necessary to induce vomiting and give a cleansing enema.

Parents should not forget that in babies the supply of fluid and salts in the body is much lower than in an adult, therefore, in the treatment of intestinal infections, first of all, it is required to provide the child with liquid, preferably mineralized.

Treatment

Treatment of acute intestinal infection in children involves the use of complex measures.

Because it is necessary:

facilitate the work of the intestines;
remove intoxication;
neutralize the pathogen;
relieve the symptoms of the disease.

You can ease the work of the intestines by adhering to a special diet using enzymes (for children from 3 years old).

When diagnosing an intestinal infection in children under one year old, sour-milk mixtures, mixtures with bifidus and lactobacilli, as well as low-lactose and lactose-free mixtures are introduced into the diet.

It is advisable to puree food, do not consume dairy products, vegetables and berries, bread in the first days of illness.

Before making an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to remove intoxication and replenish fluid losses using oral rehydration drugs. If there are no such drugs, you can use decoctions of dried fruits or green tea. In extreme cases, ordinary mineral water without gas is also suitable.

For optimal restoration of the balance of salts and water, the temperature of the liquid should be as close as possible to body temperature. Only in this case, the assimilation of the liquid occurs as quickly as possible.

Fluid children need to be given frequently, but in small portions of a few milliliters every 5-10 minutes. In the treatment of intestinal infections in newborns, infusion therapy (intravenous fluid infusion) in a hospital is recommended.

To relieve intoxication, any pharmacy can offer a lot of enterosorbents in the form of tablets, suspensions and powders.

The use of drugs to reduce the number of bacteria, viruses and their metabolic products - toxins - is called etiotropic therapy.

This stage of treatment involves the use of antibiotics, bacteriophages, sorbents, immunoglobulins, lactoglobulins. To date, new drugs have been developed - eubiotics, which allow you to get rid of pathogenic bacteria without disturbing the intestinal microflora, as antibiotics do.

Unpleasant symptoms of the disease: cramps and pain in the abdomen are relieved with antispasmodics (drotaverine, papaverine), and the use of antidiarrheal drugs and antiemetics is agreed with the doctor, since there are strict age restrictions when using these drugs.

Nutrition for intestinal infections

The first rule: feed the child at will in the first few days of illness and in small portions.

In case of infection, it is advisable for infants to be fed exclusively with breast milk in small portions, additionally supplemented with ready-made water-salt solutions. Formula-fed babies are recommended to use low-lactose or lactose-free formulas.

For children under one year of age who are on complementary foods, in the first days of illness, it is recommended to reduce food intake. First, dairy-free porridge is introduced: rice or buckwheat. Then, with positive dynamics, you can add low-fat cottage cheese, sour-milk products, puréed meat or fish of low-fat varieties, as well as mashed berries or fruits in a small amount. Among vegetables, Brussels sprouts or cauliflower are the most suitable for the diet.

Fruit jelly, oatmeal, and biscuit cookies are also very useful during the recovery period.

Depending on the age of the child, after a week you can already return to the usual foods, with the exception of fatty, fried and confectionery.

During the recovery period, the diet is cut by 30-50%, so it is necessary to organize a gradual increase in food volumes.

A very important factor in recovery is the drinking regimen: in the first days of the disease, the child needs to consume fluids of at least 100 ml per 1 kg of weight.

Preventive measures

The main cause of intestinal infection in children is still a violation of hygiene rules, pollution of water bodies. Insects (most often flies) can also be carriers of pathogens. Therefore, the prevention of acute intestinal infections in children lies precisely in the observance of hygiene standards.

Prevention of intestinal infections in children of the first years of life is to keep bottles, pacifiers and toys clean. On the street, you should use only those toys that can be treated with antiseptic solutions. Bottles and utensils must be washed thoroughly.

Food must be stored according to the conditions indicated on the packages, especially dairy and meat products. Vegetables and fruits should be washed well with water. All food and water for children should be adequately cooked.

If someone in the house falls ill, it is necessary to isolate them if possible, or at least allocate separate dishes and a place to store them in order to avoid infecting others.

Intestinal infection in children is a very unpleasant and dangerous disease, therefore, at the slightest suspicion, it is necessary to stop visiting the kindergarten or school in order to avoid the spread of infection (especially rotavirus).

Acute intestinal upset is a disease that most often occurs in children. It can be accompanied not only by loose stools, but also by vomiting, weakness, high fever. The most common causes of intestinal diseases are non-compliance with hygiene standards, improper food storage conditions, poorly washed vegetables and fruits, and even flying flies. The causative agents of diseases can be various viruses, pathogens and bacteria that enter the body with everything that a child puts in his mouth. Symptoms of the disease differ in severity, but in any case, timely help and treatment is needed.

Classification of intestinal infections

Acute intestinal infections (AII) are either bacterial or viral in nature. It is very important to understand what caused the intestinal upset in the baby, since the quality of the medical care received and the choice of treatment method will depend on this. The two types of OKI have several subtypes, each of which manifests itself in different ways. General characteristics of intestinal infections are presented in the table:

Type of infection	Symptoms	Peculiarities
Bacterial OKI
Salmonella	Fever, fever, loose stools, stool color basically does not change.	Pathogens enter the body with food - eggs, milk, butter, meat. In severe cases, cerebral edema, renal failure is possible.
Staphylococcal	Perhaps a slight increase in temperature, vomiting, diarrhea. Against the background of infection, a runny nose, sore throat, intestinal and stomach cramps may appear.	Weakened immunity causes the activation of staphylococci that live in the child's body. The complexity of treatment lies in the fact that bacteria easily adapt to the effects of antimicrobials.
Escherichiosis	Colic, vomiting and diarrhea are accompanied by fever.	The infection is typical for newborns whose body weight is below normal. The disease can also affect children under 5 years of age. In this case, it is quite difficult to get rid of pathogens, since they can live in the household environment for several months after the illness. It is very important for parents to maintain hygiene and regularly sanitize the premises.
Typhoid	Body aches, fever, nosebleeds, sore throat. During urination, the child experiences pain.	The main route of transmission is from a sick person. The infection enters the environment with feces and urine.
Viral OKI
Rotavirus (intestinal flu)	Symptoms of intestinal SARS - sore throat, temperature up to 39 degrees. Accompanied by frequent vomiting fountain, diarrhea.	The most common childhood infection. The virus enters the body with water, dirty hands and food. A sick baby is contagious until complete recovery.
Adenovirus	Conjunctivitis, runny nose in children.	The disease affects mainly newborns and toddlers under the age of three. It is transmitted through water and airborne droplets. Adenovirus can be caught in the pool.
Enterovirus (we recommend reading:)	Severe feverish condition, the temperature can rise to 40 degrees. Possible complications in the work of the heart, muscles, blood vessels and nervous system.	The cause of the disease is non-observance of personal hygiene by children and adolescents.

Causes of intestinal infection and ways of infection

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If the infant has elevated acetone, the doctor will suggest hospitalization. In the hospital, the child will be given drips to replenish fluids during detox.

Use of antibiotics

Antibacterial therapy for acute intestinal infections is prescribed in extreme cases and only if it is established that the disease is of a bacterial nature. Preparations of this group have a negative effect on the intestines, often their intake is not justified and ineffective.

WHO has approved a list of dangerous conditions in which the appointment of antibiotics is mandatory - severe cholera, persistent diarrhea, blood in vomit and stool. In such cases, Nifuroxazide, Ciprofloxacin are usually prescribed.

Replenishment of fluid losses

Dehydration can complicate the severity of AII, so the main treatment is to drink enough fluids (oral rehydration). For this purpose, solutions of glucose, salts, mineral water are used. You need to drink your baby often and in small portions. His well-being and the further period of recovery largely depend on this. The liquid helps to replenish the mineral balance and remove toxins. The stages of rehydration are given in the table below:

Period	First 4 hours of treatment	Until the end of vomiting and diarrhea
Target	Replenishment of deficiency of minerals and electrolytes.	Maintaining the strength of the body, compensation for the constant loss of fluid.
Liquid volume	It is determined by the degree of initial dehydration, depends on the clinical symptoms.	Calculated taking into account the loss of fluid, the volume of drugs used should not be less than that excreted with vomiting and feces.
Peculiarities	The volume of liquid needed by the child is evenly distributed over time. For example, you need to drink 60 ml of water per hour. This dose should be divided into 6 doses and given to the baby every 10 minutes (10 ml each). A small amount is better absorbed and reduces the risk of vomiting.
Efficiency of activities	Reducing symptoms of intoxication, reducing the volume of fluid lost.	Stop in weight loss. The skin becomes elastic, the appearance of the mucous membranes is satisfactory, the general state of health improves. The normal state of the fontanel (in infants).

Antipyretic

The question of whether it is necessary to bring down the temperature during OKI for a child and with the help of what medications worries many young parents. An increase in temperature is evidence that the body is fighting inflammation and infection. Of course, high temperature readings can be dangerous. The child is allowed to bring down the temperature if it is above 39 degrees (in infants - 38.5 degrees), or he does not tolerate low values. Antipyretic drugs are given when seizures occur.

You can stick a special antipyretic patch. Intramuscular injections of Papaverine with Analgin and Diphenhydramine are effective. With vomiting and diarrhea, oral preparations and suppositories will not give an effective result. Folk methods (for example, wiping) will also not be able to give the desired result. The room in which there is a child with a high temperature should be constantly ventilated.

Sorbents

Any intestinal infections are accompanied by the appearance of a mass of toxins in the digestive tract, which are carried with the blood throughout the body. This negatively affects the general condition of the child.

The toxic effect of pathogens in children of different ages can be treated with the following means:

activated charcoal medicine - give in the proportion of 1 tablet per 10 kg of baby's weight, every 6 hours for 1-2 days;
Smecta powder - relieves signs such as colic and bloating, removes toxins and infection;
Polysorb means - well removes intoxication in case of poisoning and acute intestinal infections, has a strong adsorbing effect;
Paste Enterosgel - the agent binds and removes toxins, has an antispasmodic effect.

Diet

In the acute period of vomiting and diarrhea, the child should not be fed (we recommend reading:). You can give some tea and unleavened crackers. On the second or third day, when the baby gets better, you can offer the child dietary food. Dishes should be carefully processed, prepared from fresh quality products.

Under the ban milk, berries and fresh vegetables, fruits, salted and smoked dishes, fatty broths. The nutrition of the child should be portioned, on average, the frequency of meals can reach 5-6 times a day.

How long does the disease take to heal?

The acute period of intestinal infection usually lasts from 3 to 7 days, but a longer course (up to 10 days) is also possible. Some of the diseases pass without severe vomiting and diarrhea, fever. Others, on the contrary, are accompanied by diarrhea for a week, but the frequency of bowel movements gradually decreases.

During the recovery period, probiotics and symbiotics can be prescribed, including Linex, Hilak Forte, Bifidumbacterin, Lactobacterin. How many drugs a child needs, and in what dosage, is determined by an infectious disease specialist or pediatrician.

A three-week recovery period may be accompanied by a deterioration in well-being, dizziness, and unstable stools. A weakened body is susceptible to attacks by viruses and pathogens. If care is not taken, the child can easily catch a cold, contract SARS or a new intestinal infection.

For prevention, the following rules must be observed:

carefully process meat, chicken and fish, observe the technology of cooking meat dishes;
store perishable foods in the refrigerator, do not offer the child food with an expired or doubtful expiration date;
protect food from insects - flies, cockroaches and other carriers of infection;
do not swim in dirty water bodies, on public beaches, when the water temperature is above 25 degrees (at this temperature, bacteria multiply well);
thoroughly wash toys and rattles that the child actively pulls into his mouth;
boil nipples;
allow the child to drink only purified boiled water or special bottled water for children;
change clothes and bedding on time.

Every parent wants the baby to never encounter an intestinal infection and experience first hand how difficult it is. However, no medicine can protect against this. Even if all security measures are followed, the risk of infection still remains. If it so happens that the child is still sick, parents should not panic and make the baby nervous. It is important to calmly do all the procedures prescribed by the doctor. In this case, recovery will come quickly.

The term "intestinal infection in children" in medicine refers to a group of infectious diseases of various etiologies. The causative agents of infection can be various pathogenic agents - viruses and bacteria, such as salmonella, rotaviruses, shigella, escherichia, cambilobacter and a number of other microbes. Acute intestinal infections in children, affecting the gastrointestinal tract, usually cause a toxic reaction and lead to dehydration. This condition of the child requires urgent medical attention.

The source of infection with pathogenic microorganisms - viruses and bacteria that lead to the development of intestinal infection, can be animals, a sick person or bacteria carriers. The highest contagiousness is noted in the first three days of the course of the disease. During this period, an infected child poses a threat to healthy people.

The mechanism of infection with acute intestinal infection in children

The mechanism of infection is predominantly fecal-oral, and there can be several ways of transmission:

alimentary;
water;
contact-household.

The main age group, which is most often exposed to the development of intestinal infectious diseases, is children from 2 to 5 years. Children under the age of one year who are breastfed practically do not get sick, as they are protected by the mother's immunity.

Intestinal infections are often seasonal in nature, the peak incidence falls on a different period depending on the causative agent of the disease, but may not be associated with seasonality, such as rotavirus infection.

Microbes-causative agents of intestinal infection are released into the external environment along with feces, saliva, urine and vomit of a bacteriocarrier or a sick person. Pathogenic microorganisms, getting into the water, food, household items, children's toys, remain on them for a long time, penetrating into the body of healthy people.

Infection with infectious agents occurs as a result of pathogenic microorganisms entering the child's gastrointestinal tract through the mouth along with contaminated food, water or toys.

All intestinal infections, regardless of their etiology and pathogen, cause the development of an inflammatory process in the mucous membrane of the stomach, intestines and other digestive organs. Depending on the mucous membrane of which particular organ was affected by pathogenic microbes, the following forms of intestinal infection develop:

gastritis;
enteritis;
colitis;
gastroduodenitis;
enterocolitis.

Common infectious intestinal diseases

The manifestation of symptoms of intestinal infection in children depends on the type of disease and its causative agent. The most common diseases of the digestive tract caused by pathogenic microflora are the following:

dysentery and shigellosis;
escherichiosis;
salmonellosis;
yersiniosis;
rotavirus infection;
campylobacteriosis.

Violation of the stool in the form of diarrhea is the main characteristic feature of almost all intestinal infections.

Signs of Shigellosis Intestinal Infection in Children

Signs of an intestinal infection in a child caused by bacteria of the genus Shigella, and known as dysentery, or shigellosis, first occur within 1-7 days from the moment the pathogenic microflora enters the child's body. That is how long the incubation period of dysentery lasts.

The disease begins acutely, the body temperature rises to 39-40 ° C, the feeling of weakness and weakness is rapidly increasing, there is a decrease in appetite, vomiting is possible. Against the background of fever, symptoms of the disease may occur, such as:

headache;
chills;
stomach ache;
violation of the stool - the frequency of defecation can vary from 4-6 to 15-20 times a day;
rave;
convulsions;
loss of consciousness.

Usually the stool contains impurities of mucus and blood. Severe forms of dysentery may be accompanied by hemorrhagic syndrome, up to intestinal bleeding.

Symptoms of acute intestinal infection escherichiosis in children under one year old

Escherichiosis is an acute intestinal infection caused by various serogroups of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mostly the disease affects young patients under the age of 3 years.

In gastroenterology, the following types of escherichiosis are distinguished:

Enteroinvasive. This form of infection is characterized by an acute onset, a sharp increase in body temperature up to 38-39 degrees, abdominal pain. The child has diarrhea with a frequency of stools up to 5-10 times a day, possibly even with an admixture of mucus and blood.
Enterotoxigenic. This type of escherichiosis is accompanied by frequent vomiting, loose stools without any impurities, repeated up to 10 times a day, the consistency resembles a rice water. This form of intestinal infection is characterized by dehydration of the isotonic type. An increase in body temperature with enterotoxigenic escherichiosis does not occur.
Enteropathogenic. This form of infectious intestinal disease affects children under the age of one year. The development of toxicosis and exicosis is noted, the disease proceeds in a rather severe form. Enteropathogenic escherichiosis can develop acutely or gradually. The stools are most often watery, have a yellowish or orange tint, with a small amount of mucous impurities. The bowel movements can be mushy, but they must be frothy. Among other symptoms of this form of escherichiosis in children are vomiting with a frequency of 1-2 times a day, regurgitation, loss of appetite, low-grade fever.
Enteropathogenic escherichiosis type 2. The clinical picture resembles salmonellosis. The disease always begins acutely, with an increase in body temperature to 38-38.5 degrees. The characteristic symptoms of the disease are chills, loose stools up to 6 times a day without impurities. The child is worried about cramping pains in the abdomen.
Enterohemorrhagic. For this form of escherichiosis, loose stools with a frequency of up to 10 times a day with blood impurities, almost devoid of feces, are characteristic. Usually, on the 2-4th day of the course of an infectious disease, a strong deterioration in the patient's condition is noted. High body temperature is not characteristic of enterohemorrhagic escherichiosis.

Diarrhea and other signs of an intestinal infection with salmonellosis in a child

Salmonellosis is an acute infectious disease of the digestive system caused by the action of Salmonella bacteria. This bacterial infection can develop in the form of isolated cases or whole outbreaks of salmonellosis infection. The peak incidence occurs in the summer, when food storage conditions are violated.

The incubation period for salmonellosis ranges from several hours to 5 days. The main signs of Salmonella infection are:

fever that lasts from 5-7 days to 2-3 weeks;
frequent fetid stools;
dryness of the mucous membranes and skin, which indicates dehydration of the child's body as a result of severe diarrhea.

Diarrhea from an intestinal infection in a child caused by Salmonella bacteria usually resolves in 7 to 10 days.

This intestinal infection in children under one year old is characterized by slightly different symptoms than in older patients. In children, the symptoms of intestinal disorders are dominated by general signs of intoxication of the body. The body temperature can remain normal, in infants malnutrition is noted, during the course of the disease, babies practically do not gain weight.

With salmonellosis in children of the first year of life, the following symptoms are observed:

anxiety, tearfulness and moodiness;
frequent regurgitation;
bloating;
cold extremities.

Dehydration in salmonellosis is manifested by dryness of the mucous membranes, skin and tongue, oliguria and retraction of the fontanel.

Gastrointestinal form of intestinal infection in a 2-year-old child

The most common is the gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis. This intestinal infection in a child at 2 years old occurs in the form of gastritis and gastroenteritis. The disease is characterized by such signs:

pain in the epigastric region;
heat;
malaise, general weakness;
frequent vomiting;
frequent loose stools with particles of undigested food;
the tongue is dry and heavily coated;
slight flatulence.

How long does a typhoid-like intestinal infection last in children?

The typhoid-like form of salmonellosis is characterized by such symptoms as prolonged fever, headaches, vomiting, delirium, disturbed confused consciousness, enteric stools. At the peak of the development of the infection, the formation of a roseolous-papular rash on the child's body becomes possible. How long does an intestinal infection last in typhoid-like children? With proper treatment, recovery occurs after 14 days, as with typhus.

There is a septic form of salmonellosis, which is mainly diagnosed in debilitated children of the first year of life and in premature infants. With this infectious bacterial disease, the formation of purulent foci of various localization occurs - in the lungs, kidneys, meninges, joints and bones. There is a chair with a frequency of up to 5-10 times a day, liquid or mushy continuous with impurities of greenery, mucus, white lumps with a sharp sour smell.

Complications of an intestinal infection in an infant

After an intestinal infection, an infant continues to release bacteria into the external environment for a long time, this lasts for about a month. If the carriage of Salmonella bacteria continues for more than 3 months, then the intestinal infection becomes chronic.

Salmonellosis for children, especially the first year of life, is dangerous with many serious complications:

swelling of the brain and lungs;
kidney failure;
peritonitis;
reactive arthritis;
abscess of internal organs.

If the development of salmonellosis in infants is suspected, parents should immediately show the baby to a specialist, since there is a risk of death.

Norovirus intestinal infection in children

Norovirus intestinal infection in children is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children. The causative agents are noroviruses.

The first signs of the disease appear 24-48 hours after the entry of noroviruses into the child's body. The disease begins with severe vomiting, which is soon joined by diarrhea, body temperature rises, muscle and headaches occur, and general weakness.

Usually, these signs of norovirus intestinal infection go away on their own after 12-72 hours, but symptomatic treatment of the child is required to alleviate his condition. After the illness, an unstable immunity to the pathogen is developed, which lasts up to 8 weeks. After this time, the child may again become infected with norovirus infection.

Symptoms of acute intestinal infection yersiniosis in children

This is an infectious disease characterized by toxic-allergic syndrome and damage to the digestive system. The causative agent of yersiniosis is the mobile bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica, which resembles short sticks in its shape. How many days does an intestinal infection in children last from the moment pathogenic microorganisms enter the body? The incubation period lasts from a day to 7 days, but in medical practice there are cases of its increase up to 3 weeks. Full recovery with adequate therapy occurs 10-14 days after infection.

All symptoms of acute intestinal infection in children caused by Yersinia enterocolitica bacteria are divided into several groups for convenience. The following general toxic symptoms of yersiniosis are distinguished:

high body temperature - up to 40 degrees, such indicators can be maintained for up to 10 days;
severe headaches;
general weakness of the body, muscle and joint pain;
a significant decrease in appetite;
nervous system disorder.

Regarding the bacterial infection of the gastrointestinal tract of a child, intestinal yersiniosis is characterized by the following symptoms:

nausea and vomiting;
pain in the abdomen of fuzzy localization;
unstable loose stools;
runny nose, sore throat, tearing;
redness and pallor of the skin;
crimson color of the tongue a week after infection.

In some cases, children may experience allergic reactions - rashes on the skin in the form of small red spots, small dots and bubbles. The main places of localization of the rash are the soles of the feet and hands. Such dermatological manifestations of the disease are accompanied by dryness, itching and burning.

Incubation period of viral intestinal infection in children

Intestinal infections can have both bacterial and viral etiology. Rotavirus is a viral intestinal infection in children that usually occurs as acute gastroenteritis or enteritis. The incubation period of this intestinal infection in children lasts from 1 to 3 days. All the characteristic symptoms of the disease appear on the first day, while intestinal lesions are combined with catarrhal phenomena.

There are such symptoms of the respiratory syndrome as hyperemia of the pharynx, rhinitis, sore throat, coughing. Simultaneously with the defeat of the oropharynx, there are signs of gastroenteritis - liquid watery or frothy stools with a frequency of bowel movements from 4-5 to 15 times a day, vomiting, fever. Such a frequent stool leads to dehydration of the child's body and enhances the signs of intoxication. All these symptoms disappear within 5 days.

Symptoms of rotavirus intestinal infection in a child under 1 year old: temperature and intoxication

Rotavirus intestinal infection in a child under 1 year old is always accompanied by vomiting, which lasts for 1-2 days. In children after a year, such a symptom is usually observed only on the first day.

With this intestinal infection in a child, the body temperature usually rises very strongly - up to 39 ° C, it is kept for no more than three days.

Intoxication of the body is the first symptom of an intestinal infection in children under one year old, caused by rotaviruses. The baby becomes lethargic, he practically does not perform any movements, refuses to breastfeed and constantly cries, there is increased sweating. To these signs of intoxication in children after a year, an intestinal infection can also be accompanied by severe headaches and dizziness.

Abdominal pain is mild, and may worsen on palpation. All these symptoms can have varying degrees of severity, as a rule, the older the child, the easier the disease. When these signs of a viral infectious disease appear, you should immediately seek help from a specialist.

Symptoms of staphylococcal intestinal infection in children

The causative agent of staphylococcal intestinal infection in children is Staphylococcus aureus and other pathogenic strains of this microorganism. Staphylococcus is one of the conditionally pathogenic microflora, which means that it is present in many people without making itself felt, and only under certain conditions causes the development of the disease.

The provoking factors are:

weakened immunity of the child, which is the result of congenital immunodeficiencies, HIV;
pathology of the development of internal organs;
children belonging to the category of often and long-term ill with respiratory diseases;
the presence in the body of chronic foci of inflammation - tonsillitis, sinusitis, gastroduodenitis and others.

Often, infection of a child with Staphylococcus aureus occurs during a stay in the hospital, then the signs make themselves felt in the first days of the baby's life. During the course of staphylococcal infection in newborns, the following signs are characteristic:

bloating and intestinal colic;
frequent loose, fetid stools, possibly with impurities of mucus and greenery;
in some cases, there is an increase in body temperature;
violation of the general condition of the newborn - causeless crying, refusal to eat, lethargy and anxiety.

With prolonged diarrhea, signs of dehydration appear. It is manifested by dryness of the skin and mucous membranes, crying of a newborn without tears, a sunken fontanel. This condition requires urgent hospitalization of the infant in a hospital.

In children under the age of one year, the signs of a staphylococcal infection are slightly different from the characteristics of the manifestation of this disease in newborns. Usually in children under one year old, this intestinal disease is manifested by signs of toxic infection or gastroenterocolitis - an inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the stomach and small intestine.

Experts distinguish such main symptoms in children under one year old, which are characteristic of an intestinal infection caused by staphylococcus aureus:

weakness, lethargy, lack of appetite;
increase in body temperature up to 38, 5̊ C;
headache and dizziness;
nausea and severe vomiting;
weight loss;
frequent loose stools with impurities of mucus, blood, foam and greenery;
bloating and pain in its area.

Treatment of symptoms of intestinal infection in children caused by the action of staphylococci is carried out by a combination of antibacterial drugs and specific agents. Therapy for mild and moderate forms of staphylococcal infection is carried out using the following groups of antibiotics:

semi-synthetic penicillins: oxacillin, ampioks;

macrolides: erythromycin, roxithromycin;

lincomycin.

In the case of severe forms of staphylococcal intestinal infection, aminoglycosides are prescribed for children:

gentamicin, rifampicin, and

1st generation cephalosporins - cefazolin.

Symptoms of intestinal infection campylobacteriosis in children under 2 years of age

This is an infectious intestinal disease, the causative agent of which is Campylobacter, an opportunistic pathogen. The disease is mainly manifested by lesions of the gastrointestinal tract of the child.

Campylobacteriosis usually occurs in debilitated infants and adults who suffer from tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, hemoblastoses and other oncological diseases. Children of the first year of life also fall into the risk group.

The incubation period of campylobacteriosis lasts 3-5 days. The disease is characterized by an acute onset, shortly after infection with an infection, an increase in body temperature to febrile levels is noted.

The child is worried about muscle pain and general weakness. In most children under 2 years of age, a symptom of an intestinal infection caused by campylobacter is also severe pain around the navel, which is especially aggravated by palpation.

The first days of the course of the disease may occur vomiting, sometimes repeated. The main symptom of the disease, as with many other intestinal infections, is severe diarrhea - from 4-6 to 20 times a day. The stools are copious, watery, yellowish in color.

In infants, a generalized form of campylobacteriosis predominantly develops. Symptoms include severe fever with frequent daily fluctuations, vomiting, diarrhea, liver enlargement, weight loss, anemia. Due to bacteremia in infants, purulent organ lesions can occur - purulent meningitis, meningoencephalitis, endocarditis, thrombophlebitis, septic arthritis, pneumonia.

The most susceptible to campylobacter intestinal infection are young children. The tactics of treating the disease depends on the severity of its course in the child's body. In mild and moderate forms of campylobacteriosis, medications of the following pharmacological groups are prescribed:

antispasmodics;
enzymes;
biological bacterial preparations.

Such therapy is aimed at correcting intestinal dysbacteriosis and populating it with beneficial microflora. For these purposes, a special therapeutic diet and oral rehydration are also prescribed.

In severe forms of the disease, it becomes necessary to take antibiotics, to which campylobacter is sensitive. These are erythromycin, tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, metronidazole, furazolidone. The course of antibiotic therapy is 7-14 days, set by a specialist on an individual basis for each patient.

Methods for the treatment of symptoms of acute intestinal infection in children

Antibiotic therapy is the main method of treating intestinal infections in children when bacterial agents are the causative agents. However, it is not always used, but only for advanced, moderate and severe forms of damage to the child's gastrointestinal tract.

Treatment of symptoms of acute intestinal infection in children must necessarily be complex and consist of several therapies, such as:

medical nutrition;
conducting oral rehydration;
etiotropic therapy;
pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy.

Treatment of acute intestinal infection in children is almost never complete without etiotropic therapy, which consists in taking antibiotics, chemotherapy drugs, specific bacteriophages, enterosorbents, enteral immunoglobulins, lactoglobulins.

In intestinal infections of various etiologies, antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs such as nalidixic acid (nevigramon, nergam), furazolidone, ercefuril, gentamicin, anamycin sulfate, kanamycin are usually prescribed.

Specific bacteriophages are recommended for use as monotherapy for mild and mild forms of the disease. Enterosorbents are necessarily prescribed for such a symptom as diarrhea. With mild and moderate forms of infection, Smecta has proven itself well. The course of treatment with enterosorbents is 5-7 days.

Pathogenetic therapy consists of the following methods:

oral rehydration with rehydron, oralit, gastrolith;

enzyme therapy, in which Panzinorm Forte, Abomin-pepsin is prescribed,

Pancreatin, Pankurmen,

Digestal, Festal,

Mezim Forte, Creon;

antiallergic therapy by taking antihistamines;

correction of dysbacteriosis with probiotics.

What to give a child with an intestinal infection accompanied by diarrhea?

Symptomatic therapy is aimed at eliminating the symptoms characteristic of an intestinal infection. What to give a child with an intestinal infection when severe diarrhea occurs?

Specialists in this case prescribe antidiarrheal drugs:

Imodium, Diarol.

With osmotic diarrhea in children under 2 years of age, such drugs are not prescribed.

To eliminate severe pain syndrome, antispasmodics are used:

drotaverine, papaverine,

spasmomena 40 and some other drugs prescribed by a specialist.

Vitamin therapy is mandatory for all children, regardless of the type of intestinal infection, for a course of 14 days.

Treatment of intestinal infection in a child of 3 years

In the antibacterial treatment of an intestinal infection in a 3-year-old child, antibiotics such as:

ciprofloxacin,

Ofloxacin,

Lomefloxacin.

The dosage is determined by a specialist for each patient individually.

How to treat an intestinal infection in children caused by pathogenic agents such as viruses? The goal of therapy is to remove viruses from the intestines that are located on its machines and destroy their cells. For these purposes, sorbent preparations are prescribed:

Activated carbon- up to 4-6 tablets per dose several times a day;

Smecta or Neosmectin- 3-4 sachets per day;

Enterodes or Polysorb- 1-2 sachets per day.

In the fight against rotaviruses, the effectiveness of such antiviral drugs as Anaferon and Arbidol has been proven.

During the course of rotavirus infection in the intestines, a significant part of the beneficial bacteria that ensure the healthy functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is inevitably destroyed. That is why therapy must necessarily consist of taking probiotics, children are prescribed:

Lactofiltrum, Bifiform,

Linex, Bifidum,

Bifidumbacterin.

Diet menu for intestinal infections in children: how to feed a child

A diet for intestinal infections in children is a mandatory method of therapy that allows you to restore impaired functions of the digestive system and speed up the healing process. Many parents are interested in how to feed a child with an intestinal infection.

The first day after infection, it is better for the baby to eat nothing at all. If the child has an appetite, he can be given rice water, older children - crackers.

The diet menu for intestinal infections in children should consist of easily digestible and pureed food. Foods such as whole milk, black bread, fermented baked milk, yoghurts, cream, milk cereals, beets, legumes, citrus fruits, meat and fish broths, fatty meats, poultry and fish are prohibited.

The menu for intestinal infections in children should be based on food such as cereals on the water - corn, rice, buckwheat, and lean meat - turkey, chicken breast, veal, rabbit meat. Then fermented milk products are gradually introduced into the diet, vegetables and fruits can be eaten after the disappearance of the unpleasant symptoms of the digestive system disorder. It is recommended to solder the child with rosehip broth, weak tea, rice broth, dried fruit compote, but without prunes.

A menu might look like this:

Breakfast- semolina porridge cooked in water, a glass of unsweetened tea.

Snack- steam soufflé from homemade fat-free cottage cheese.

Dinner- light broth from lean chicken meat, steam veal meatballs, fruit jelly.

afternoon tea- 200 g of rosehip broth, rye bread cracker.

Dinner- low-fat steam fish, unsweetened tea.

Before bedtime You can give your child a glass of low-fat homemade yogurt.

Diet recipes for children after an intestinal infection

A variety of diet recipes for children after an intestinal infection will allow parents to avoid problems with choosing the right dishes for a still weakened child's body.

Steam chicken soufflé

To prepare a dish according to this recipe for intestinal infections in children, you will need boiled chicken breast, an egg, 4 tbsp. l. chicken broth, 1 tbsp. l. flour.

Follow this sequence of making soufflé after an intestinal infection for a child according to this recipe:

pass the boiled chicken breast through a meat grinder;

combine chopped chicken meat with egg yolk, whipped protein, add a spoonful of flour, salt and mix;
mix the mass thoroughly, put it in a mold greased with vegetable oil, and steam.

blueberry jelly

You can use this diet recipe for children with an intestinal infection to make blueberry jelly:

2/3 cup blueberries should be rinsed with running water.
Pour 4 cups of water into a saucepan, put on fire, bring to a boil.
Add 2 tbsp. l. Sahara. In a glass of cold water, stir 1 tbsp. l. starch, gradually pour into the sugar syrup.
Place washed blueberries in a saucepan, mix.
Reduce heat, bring to a boil and remove from stove.

What to cook for a child with an intestinal infection: recipes for diet meals

slimy soup

To prepare a slimy soup, use this recipe for this dish for intestinal infections in children:

Put a saucepan with 2 liters of water on the fire, pour ½ cup of washed oatmeal into it.
Finely chop the onion and carrot, add to the soup, season with a little salt, boil for another 15 minutes and remove from the stove.
When the soup has cooled down a bit, it should be rubbed through a sieve, if desired, you can add a spoonful of vegetable oil.

Vegetable salad

At the end of the course of the disease, when the symptoms of intestinal infection begin to gradually disappear, fresh vegetables can be introduced into the child's diet. If you don’t know what to cook for a child with an intestinal infection, this recipe will diversify the baby’s diet menu:

Boil carrots, cauliflower and zucchini.
Cut all the vegetables into small cubes, salt a little, mix well, season with 1 tbsp. olive oil.

Prevention of the development of intestinal infections in children

Prevention of intestinal infections in children, first of all, consists of the formation of personal hygiene skills. Parents should teach their child to eat fruits and vegetables only after washing them, and also remember to wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating.

Other preventive measures include careful handling of food and boiling water. In addition, the prevention of the development of intestinal infections is the observance of such rules:

Never eat foods that you doubt the quality of, especially if they have already expired.
Observe the temperature regime and the cooking time of raw foods. Boiling completely destroys almost all pathogens.
Be sure to wash the eggs before cracking them for cooking. This will help prevent salmonellosis infection.
To prepare raw foods, you need to use different cutting boards.
Before use, boil ready-made soup or borscht.
Pathogenic microorganisms multiply rapidly in raw vegetable salads, especially dressed with sour cream. That is why it is recommended to season them immediately before serving and cook at a time.
If there are pets in the house, they should be regularly dewormed and vaccinated.

Acute intestinal infections are a group of infectious diseases occurring in the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by general and local symptoms. The causative agents are pathogenic, conditionally pathogenic bacteria, as well as viruses.

This group of diseases affects both adults and children. But due to the characteristics of the organism in children, the disease is caused more often and is more severe. These include: imperfection of general and local immunity, a decrease in the formation of mucus in the intestines, non-compliance or ignorance of the rules of hygiene by young children. Acute intestinal pathology is especially difficult in children under one year old.

Acute intestinal infections (abbreviated as ACI) are transmitted mainly by the fecal-oral route - pathogens enter the environment with feces, and then through dirty hands, food, water into the human body. This method is typical for AII caused by bacteria. With viral etiology, transmission can also be carried out by airborne droplets.

Symptoms of intestinal infection in children are local and general.

signs of intoxication - high fever, headaches, malaise, vomiting.
signs characteristic of dehydration - dry skin and mucous membranes with a decrease in elasticity, general weakness, a decrease in the amount of urine with a darkening of color;

2) Local symptoms can manifest as gastritis (inflammation of the stomach), enteritis (small intestine), colitis (large intestine), or a combination of lesions of several segments. The clinical picture also depends on which departments are affected.

loose stools, the frequency and nature of which depends on the type and amount of the causative agent of acute intestinal infection;
pain of varying intensity and localization;
vomit.

In a severe course of an acute intestinal infection, a child may develop complications, each of which has different symptoms.

Neurotoxicosis: anxiety, delirium, convulsions, confusion, hallucinations, vomiting, after which there is no relief.
Circulatory failure: pressure drop, pale skin with bluish color of the extremities, muffled heart tones.
Pulmonary insufficiency: shortness of breath, frequent shallow breathing.
Renal failure: decrease in the amount of daily urine or its absence, back pain.
Hypovolemic shock due to fluid loss: facial features become sharper, eyeballs sink, overall temperature and body weight decrease. In children under one year old, a large fontanel sinks.
Stomach or intestinal bleeding.

Diagnostics

The therapeutic measures depend on which pathogens are identified. Acute intestinal infection is diagnosed by such methods as: bacteriological culture, enzyme immunoassay, antibody typing, scatological examination.

Features of the course of infections caused by pathogenic microflora

Therapeutic measures

Treatment of intestinal infections in children is aimed at the causative agent of the disease (bacteria or viruses), developmental mechanisms and external signs. But first of all, treatment begins with the organization of proper nutrition with maximum sparing of the digestive tract.

1) How should a patient with an intestinal infection eat?

Nutrition should be selected taking into account both the age of the patient and his condition. The whole outcome of treatment depends on what products, in what way processed and in what quantity will enter the patient's body. There is a rule at this point: you cannot force-feed a child.
Infants are given fermented milk formulas. For infections of viral etiology, it is necessary to change the usual mixture to low- or lactose-free. The same is true if the child has bloating. After recovery, you can switch to a regular mixture, or a mixture enriched with bifidus and lactobacilli.
Older children are assigned pure, easily digestible food. It is unacceptable to take spicy, fatty and fried foods.
Treatment of intestinal infections in children also implies an adequate drinking regimen.

2) Treatment directed at the pathogen (etiological): taking antibiotics, bacteriophages, immunoglobulins and lactoglobulins.

There are many antibiotics indicated for the treatment of infections of the intestinal group. Which of them will help in the treatment of a child, you can say after a bacteriological examination. Treatment with bacteriophages is carried out according to the same principle.

This group also includes enterosorbents, such as: smecta, lactofiltrum, etc.

3) Treatment aimed at the mechanisms of occurrence (pathogenetic). What methods might these be? For example, oral rehydration with such drugs orolit, rehydron. Enzymes are prescribed - mezim, creon, pancreatin.

In a serious condition of the patient, or in children under one year old, the treatment of water and electrolyte disorders is carried out by intravenous infusions.

Treatment of infections involves the normalization of microflora. Eubiotics and probiotics will help restore the normal composition. Such treatment should be carried out in the midst of the disease, and some time after recovery.

4) Symptomatic treatment: drugs for diarrhea, antispasmodics, antiemetics.

5) Treatment of complications.