What to do with poor blood clotting? Poor blood clotting: causes, symptoms, treatment.

In the normal state, the viscosity of the blood corresponds to the index of water, since only under such conditions is it possible to provide the tissues with the necessary substances. However, if there is poor blood clotting, the causes, treatment of this ailment may be different. This can be the cause of various diseases that affect the quality of the composition of this biological fluid and the performance of the circulatory system as a whole.

Causes of low blood clotting

When there are various problems with the proteins present in the blood plasma (liquid component) - it can have low clotting ability. How blood coagulates depends on these proteins, since they are directly responsible for blocking blood vessels in case of damage.

In the case of various diseases, these proteins may be contained in insufficient quantities, or even absent. These pathologies are often transmitted from parents to children. Moreover, these diseases can be transmitted not only at the genetic level, but also appear due to other reasons, namely:

How to diagnose a disease?

To identify the causes of the pathology and select a highly effective treatment, the patient must undergo an examination, which includes:

Symptoms of low clotting

Experts have known for quite a long time the signs by which it is possible to accurately determine that there are problems with the clotting of a biological fluid in the human body. This can be identified by the following main symptoms:

1. Bleeding gums;
2. Very high rate of bruising, bruising, sometimes accompanied by blood from the nose;
3. Bleeding of any damage for no reason, including small scratches;
4. Difficulty in stopping the bleeding.

Poor coagulability can also be clearly indicated by the fact that hematomas appear at the site of small bruises. If this always happens, then we can say that the patient is susceptible to von Willebrand's disease.

Treatment options

It is rather difficult to detect that the blood has begun to clot worse, since an adult rarely receives injuries due to which bleeding would occur. If the diagnosis of poor clotting of the biological fluid was established in a clinical setting, then the best solution for the patient would be to find out the causes of this pathology as soon as possible and listen to the recommendations of specialists.

However, of course, under normal conditions, when a person knows about the causes of dysfunction, for example, the use of disaggregating and painkillers, it is only necessary to stop taking these drugs so that blood clotting returns to normal. The most important thing is to know that a hematologist will help solve these problems.

It is very important to identify and begin treatment of pathologies that are most common in time - oncology or liver disease. Treatment options also include:

• Use of vitamin K by injection;
• Implementation of blood plasma;
• Drugs that increase clotting;
• Other remedies to avoid problems with platelets.

In addition to these drugs, the use of folk remedies will also help to improve clotting. The diet should be such that it contains foods containing a lot of folic acid, calcium, and amino acids. A large number of these substances are present in kefir, cottage cheese, milk. Meat and seafood will help in the treatment of the disease. It is also very important to eat vegetables such as white cabbage, onions and spinach.

The disease can also be treated with decoctions and tinctures, for example, from the knotweed, nettle and many other plants that are rich in vitamins K, C, and can also reduce the amount of sugar, and vice versa, increase the hemoglobin content in the biological fluid.

In the treatment of folk remedies, many patients often use yarrow, which has an anti-inflammatory effect and favors cleansing, as well as vasodilatation.

Possible Complications

When detecting the causes of low blood clotting start treatment as soon as possible because that's the only way to get good results. If this is not done in time, the following complications may occur:

1. Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract;
2. Bleeding in the brain;
3. Severe pain and bleeding in the joints.

If a person has a cause of poor blood clotting, treatment may be different, but therapy should be started as soon as possible. After all, this pathology is very dangerous for human health and sometimes even fraught with death. At the first symptoms, the patient should immediately contact a specialist to avoid serious problems.

Video about bleeding disorders

In this video, Dr. Komarovsky will conduct a clinical blood test:

A healthy person cannot bleed despite rather large cuts, thanks to an excellent mechanism for regulating hemostasis. You will not envy the owners of the pathology of coagulability: any injection, scratch and injury turn into bleeding. The problem becomes a banal visit to the dentist, minimal surgical interventions, and sometimes sports.

Diseases for which the symptom is characteristic:

• hemophilia A and B;
• von Willebrand's disease;
• thrombocytopenic purpura (Werlhof's disease);
• Glanzman's hereditary thrombasthenia;
• congenital afibrinogenemia (lack of fibrinogen);
• dysfibrinogenemia (structural defects in fibrinogen molecules).

Blood clotting: a description of the process and normal indicators

Hemostasis is a biological system whose function is to preserve the rheological properties of blood, stop bleeding in case of damage to the walls of blood vessels.

It consists of three components:

• coagulation system - responsible for the processes of blood coagulation (coagulation);
• anticoagulant system - for processes that prevent blood clotting (anticoagulation);
• fibrinolytic system - for the processes of fibrinolysis (dissolution of formed blood clots).

Immediately after injury, a vasospasm is observed in the injury zone, after which a chain of reactions is triggered, as a result of which a platelet plug is formed. Initially, platelets are activated, then they stick together and attach to fibrinogen. These complexes adhere to collagen fibers and the inner layer of blood vessels (endothelium).

The formed plug closes the defect in the vessels, clotting factors are released from it. In fibrin networks, blood cells are retained and a blood clot is formed. Later, fluid is forced out of it, and it turns into a blood clot, which prevents further blood loss.

The characteristic time for primary hemostasis in a healthy person is 1-3 minutes, and for the formation of a fibrin clot - about 10 minutes.

Coagulation disorders: general characteristics

A problem in which blood does not clot well is called a bleeding disorder. It is caused by the fact that there is no normal blockage of blood vessels when they are damaged. Its appearance is associated with one of three factors:

• imbalance in the mechanism of hemostasis;
• pathology of the walls of blood vessels;
• platelet functions.

Depending on the type of violation, there are:

• reduced coagulability (bleeding) is the cause of various types of hemorrhagic diathesis, prolonged wound healing, complications of operations and the postoperative period, hemorrhages in internal organs;
• increased coagulability (thrombophilia) - increases the risk of strokes and heart attacks, increases the risk of lower extremity vein thrombosis in varicose veins, can be the cause of infertility, recurrent miscarriage.

Classification

According to the mechanism of occurrence, they distinguish:

• acquired;
• genetically determined;
• congenital;
• autoimmune.

The congenital form is subdivided into three more types according to blood coagulation factors:

• group A - insufficient saturation with antihemophilic globulin (VIII);
• group B - deviation in the balance of the Christmas factor (IX);
• group C - insufficient amount of factor XI, which precedes thromboplastin.

The reasons

Among the causes of blood clotting disorders, hematologists distinguish:

• liver dysfunction (cirrhosis, fatty degeneration);
• thrombohemorrhagic syndrome (with shock and post-traumatic conditions, surgical interventions, massive blood transfusions, severe infectious diseases);
• vitamin K deficiency (due to obstruction of the bile duct or poor bowel function);
• pernicious anemia (lack of vitamin B12 and folic acid);
• tumor diseases of the hematopoietic system (leukemia, hemoblastosis) with damage to bone marrow stem cells;
• side effects of drugs (anticoagulants, cytostatics, aspirin).

Risk factors

Factors that increase the risk of developing bleeding disorders:

• age;
• heart failure;
• liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis);
• hormonal disorders;
• hereditary predisposition;
• taking hormonal contraceptives;
• high blood pressure;
• bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse);
• atherosclerosis;
• diabetes;
• obesity.

Clinical picture

Blood clotting disorder most often manifests itself:

• in the form of bruises, hematomas and bruises that appear spontaneously or with minor injuries;
• increased bleeding of the gums during regular brushing of teeth;
• the appearance of cuts, wounds;
• prolonged healing of wounds;
• excessive blood loss during tooth extraction, injuries, surgical interventions;
• hemorrhages in the joint cavity or in the muscles;
• severe nasal and uterine bleeding;
• the formation of spots (petechiae) provoked by subcutaneous effusions of blood, they can be pink / purple / violet staining.

Doctor's advice! If these symptoms appear, you should definitely consult a hematologist and undergo an examination.

Blood clotting disorders in pregnant women

During pregnancy, the most common are acquired pathologies of the coagulation system. Maternal blood volume increases by 25-50% of baseline.

The danger of increased coagulability lies in the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Placental blood flow due to the formation of small blood clots is disturbed, the fetus does not receive nutrition, vitamins and oxygen. The risk of developing DIC and increased blood clotting during pregnancy increases if the woman had heart attacks or strokes, varicose veins, and thrombosis in her family.

Low coagulability causes the risk of massive bleeding during childbirth, the likelihood of premature placental abruption.

Associated symptoms in diseases

In most patients with hemophilia, the first signs of the disease appear in childhood (by the end of the first year of life) in the form of bleeding resulting from injuries (after extraction or teething, minor bruises). Hemorrhages in the skin and muscles are usually in the form of bruises or bruises. The most characteristic hemorrhages in the joints - hemarthrosis (often in the knee and elbow). In repeated cases, deforming osteoarthritis occurs. With hemophilia, bleeding from the mucous membranes (stomach and intestines, from the gums, less often from the kidneys and nasal cavity) is observed, as a result of which post-hemorrhagic anemia often develops.

Clinical manifestations of von Willebrand disease range from mild to moderate and include small bruising of the mucous membrane, bleeding from small skin cuts, which may stop and occur after a few hours. Increased menstrual cycle, blood loss after surgical interventions (tooth extraction, tonsil removal). Platelets function well enough that petechiae and purpura do not occur.

In patients with thrombocytopenic purpura, painless multiple hemorrhages appear under the skin, in the mucous membranes ("dry" variant), as well as bleeding ("wet" variant). They develop spontaneously and their severity does not correspond to the strength of the traumatic impact. Skin lesions can be single or multiple, appearing mainly at night.

Hemorrhagic rashes have a different shape and differ in color (from bright purple-blue to pale yellow-green). Most often they appear on the chest, abdomen, thighs, rarely in the facial area. Especially dangerous are hemorrhages in the sclera of the eyes, which can serve as a sign of a possible hemorrhage in the brain. Enlargement of the spleen is not characteristic of this disease.

Thrombasthenia is a disease caused by the pathology of platelets, leading to bleeding. This pathology is characterized by a clinical picture:

• nosebleeds;
• idiopathic purpura;
• bleeding from the gums, stomach bleeding;
• menorrhagia - heavy periods in women;
• hematuria - blood in the urine.

Which doctor and when to contact

He is engaged in the treatment of this pathology. If the above symptoms appear, you should immediately contact, or a specialist for further examination.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is based on:

• history data;
• clinical picture;
• type of bleeding;
• analysis results.

The doctor asks the patient about the presence of concomitant symptoms, the frequency and nature of bleeding and their duration, medication, past illnesses. After the examination of the systems, additional analyzes are prescribed.

Specific diagnostic methods include:

• determination of the clotting time of whole blood (Mac-Magro or Morawitz method);
• thromboelastography;
• thrombin generation test (thrombin and endogenous thrombin potential);
• activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT);
• prothrombin time test (or prothrombin test, INR, PT).

Treatment

To select an effective treatment strategy, it is necessary to determine the cause of the symptom.

With hemophilia, complete elimination of the disease is impossible, therefore, the basis of treatment is hemostatic replacement therapy with concentrates of VIII and IX blood coagulation factors. The required dose of the concentrate is determined by the severity of hemophilia, the severity and type of bleeding.

The main treatment method for thrombocytopenic purpura, plasma infusion, is used strictly according to indications. Plasmapheresis, hemocoagulants, pulse therapy with Methylprednisolone, and the appointment of Prednisolone inside are also used.

In mild forms of von Willebrand disease, treatment is carried out with a preventive purpose (during surgical interventions, dental procedures). In severe cases, replacement therapy is prescribed in the form of transfusions of cryoprecipitate and antihemophilic plasma. The method of transfusion of whole blood, platelet mass, protein blood products (fibrinogen, thrombin) is also actively used.

In order to reduce symptoms, solutions are introduced into the patient's body that normalize the rheological properties of blood (fluidity). As a result, the normalization of the functions of organs and tissues, disturbed due to disorders of microcirculation, bleeding and hemorrhage, is achieved.

Diet and lifestyle

A patient with this pathology should be constantly monitored by a doctor, one should learn how to use drugs to stop bleeding. Also, patients should remember that if there is no bleeding after an injury, it means that it will begin after a while, and you need to inject yourself with the necessary drugs.

Sports activities strengthen muscles, positively affect blood circulation. Before choosing the type of physical activity, you should consult with your doctor.

There are no strict rules in nutrition, which should be unquestioningly adhered to.

To restore blood and improve clotting, it is necessary to eat food that contains salts of phosphorus, calcium, vitamins A, B, C, D.

Vitamin K is found in spinach, lettuce, onions, carrots, bananas, and tomatoes. To raise hemoglobin, strengthen the walls of blood vessels and lower cholesterol levels, it is necessary to include liver, fatty fish, citrus fruits, nuts, pomegranates, avocados, and beets in the diet. Also add cranberry juice, honey, buckwheat porridge, carrot, apple and beet juice to the diet.

Alternative treatment

Folk recipes for the treatment of disorders of the hemostasis system:

• 2 tsp elecampane root pour 2 glasses of cold water, take during the day in small sips;
• Pour boiling water over the shepherd's purse grass (3 tablespoons per 2 cups) and leave for 4 hours, then strain. Take 4 times a day before meals, dosage - half a glass;
• pour 2 cups of water 2 tsp. meadow geranium and leave for 8 hours, strain. Take during the day in small sips;
• tsp yarrow herbs in a glass of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. Drink 1/3 cup a day before meals;
• 2 s. l. herbs of highlander pochechuyny in a glass of boiling water, heat in a water bath for 15 minutes, cool for 45 minutes. Bring the resulting infusion to 200 ml with boiled water. Drink 1/3 cup 3-4 times a day before meals;
• 1 s. l. Boil horse sorrel roots for 15 minutes in 1.5 cups of water, leave for 4 hours. Take according to l. 3-4 times a day before meals.

Important! Blood clotting disorders are a dangerous pathology in which the formation of a blood clot in the body is disrupted. As a result of these disorders, severe and prolonged bleeding can occur after injury. To protect your life, you should undergo a full examination and consult a doctor, and not self-medicate

Consequences and complications

Violation of blood clotting can lead to the following complications:

• ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke;
• posthemorrhagic anemia;
• myocardial infarction;
• thromboembolism;
• hemorrhagic shock associated with a large amount of blood loss;
• hemorrhages in internal organs.

Pathology poses the greatest danger to pregnant women. It is the cause of 80% of cases of habitual miscarriage, violations of uteroplacental blood flow and premature birth for up to 34 weeks.

Forecast

Against the background of regular treatment, the patient's life expectancy is no different from the life of a person who does not suffer from this pathology.

Prevention

The main methods for preventing the development of the disease:

• rational and balanced nutrition;
• refusal of bad habits (smoking, alcohol, overeating);
• annual scheduled examination by a therapist;
• timely access to medical care;
• treatment of somatic diseases.

Follow these precautions to keep yourself safe. If the first symptoms appear, consult a doctor and undergo the necessary examinations.

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This test is intended for children aged 10-12 years. It allows you to determine what place your child occupies in a peer group. In order to correctly evaluate the results and get the most accurate answers, you should not give a lot of time to think, ask the child to answer what comes to his mind first ...

Symptoms of the disease - blood clotting disorders

Violations and their causes by category:

Violations and their causes in alphabetical order:

blood clotting disorder

blood clotting system(synonymous with hemocoagulation system) - a multi-stage enzyme system, upon activation of which fibrinogen dissolved in blood plasma undergoes polymerization after cleavage of the edge peptides and forms fibrin clots in blood vessels that stop bleeding.

Under physiological conditions, the processes of activation and inhibition are balanced in the blood coagulation system, as a result, the liquid state of the blood is preserved. Local activation of the blood coagulation system, which occurs at the sites of damage to blood vessels, helps to stop bleeding. Activation of the blood coagulation system in combination with aggregation of blood cells (platelets, erythrocytes) plays a significant role in the development of local thrombosis in violation of hemodynamics and rheological properties of blood, changes in its viscosity, inflammatory (for example, with vasculitis) and dystrophic changes in the walls of blood vessels. Multiple recurrent thrombosis in young and middle-aged individuals may be associated with congenital (hereditary) anomalies of the blood coagulation system and the fibrinolysis system, primarily with a decrease in the activity of the main physiological anticoagulants (antithrombin III, proteins C and S, etc.), necessary to maintain circulating blood in a liquid state.

Important physiological function of the blood coagulation system It also consists in the fact that it, by massive thrombosis of microvessels in the area of ​​inflammation, around the foci of infectious tissue destruction, as well as aseptic necrosis, delimits these foci, prevents the dissemination of infection, and reduces the flow of bacterial toxins and tissue decay products into the general circulation. At the same time, excessive and excessive disseminated blood coagulation leads to the development of thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, a pathological process that is an important component of the pathogenesis of a large number of diseases, critical and terminal conditions. In this regard, the recognition of bleeding disorders and their correction are of great importance in medical practice.

blood clotting process is implemented by a multi-stage interaction on phospholipid membranes (“matrices”) of plasma proteins called blood coagulation factors (blood coagulation factors are denoted by Roman numerals; if they become activated, the letter “a” is added to the factor number). These factors include proenzymes, which, after activation, are converted into proteolytic enzymes; proteins that do not have enzymatic properties, but are necessary for fixation on membranes and interaction between enzymatic factors (factors VIII and V); the main substrate of the blood coagulation system is fibrinogen (factor I), blood coagulation inhibitor proteins, or physiological primary anticoagulants; non-protein components (the most important of them are calcium ions). The blood coagulation system at different levels closely interacts with cellular hemostasis, which involves the endothelium of blood vessels, platelets, erythrocytes, macrophages; plasma enzyme systems, such as kallikrein-kinin, fibrinolytic, complement, and the immune system.

What diseases cause a violation of blood clotting:

Bleeding disorders most often manifest as bruising that occurs spontaneously or with minor trauma. Especially if they are combined with repeated nosebleeds or bleeding from other places. Bleeding gums also increase, cuts, wounds appear.

A number of diseases of the blood and blood vessels lead to violations of blood clotting. This can manifest itself as large bruises and bleeding that stops with difficulty, as well as small multiple bruises in the form of a rash.

All of these diseases are quite serious (some are even life-threatening, especially if left untreated) and require mandatory medical intervention.

Blood clotting disorders, characterized by hypocoagulation, may be due to a deficiency of one or more blood coagulation factors, the appearance of their immune inhibitors in the circulating blood, i.e. antibodies to blood coagulation factors (often factors VIII, IX, V and von Willebrand factor), the action of anticoagulants and thrombolytic drugs, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC). An approximate distinction between most of these disorders is possible on the basis of family and personal history: type of bleeding; background diseases and exposures (including drugs), which may be associated with the development of hemorrhages. The results of the following laboratory tests are also used - determination of activated partial (partial) thromboplastin time, prothrombin and thrombin time, platelet agglutination under the influence of ristomycin (the test is important for detecting most forms of von Willebrand's disease), studies of the plasma content of fibrinogen and its metabolization products (soluble fibrin complexes -monomers detected using paracoagulation tests, for example, ethanol, protamine sulfate, orthophenanthroline, staphylococcal adhesion test) and fibrinogen (fibrin) cleavage products with plasmin (fibrinolysin). The determination of soluble complexes of fibrin monomers and fibrinogen degradation products is especially important for the diagnosis of intravascular blood coagulation, incl. thrombohemorrhagic syndrome. Also important are the identification of fragility of microvessels (for example, the cuff test of Konchalovsky - Rumpel - Leede), bleeding time, counting the number of platelets in the blood and examining their aggregation function. The choice of diagnostic tests is determined by the history, clinical presentation, type of bleeding, underlying diseases, and exposures. After the indicative tests, differentiating (correctional) tests are carried out.

Among hereditary disorders of blood coagulation, the vast majority are hemophilia A and B, as well as von Willebrand disease. They are characterized by bleeding that arose even in childhood; at the same time, a hematoma type of bleeding (with hemorrhages in the joints and damage to the musculoskeletal system) is noted in males with hemophilia and a mixed type (petechial-spotted with rare hematomas) in both sexes with von Willebrand disease. A characteristic laboratory sign of these diseases is an isolated prolongation of blood clotting time in the test for determining activated partial thromboplastin time with normal prothrombin and thrombin time. In von Willebrand's disease, the bleeding time is often significantly prolonged, and there is a violation of platelet aggregation under the influence of ristomycin.

An isolated violation of only prothrombin time with a mixed type of bleeding is typical for hereditary factor VII deficiency or for the early phase of the use of indirect anticoagulants (coumarins, warfarin, etc.). With a complex deficiency of all vitamin K-dependent factors (VII, IX, X and II), observed in hemorrhagic disease of the newborn, liver diseases and taking indirect anticoagulants, as well as with hereditary deficiency of factors X, V, II, they are violated as a test of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin index, but thrombin time remains normal.

Violation of the indications of all coagulation tests, including thrombin time, is characteristic of thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, hereditary hypo- and dysfibrinogenemia, and chronic liver damage. In factor XIII deficiency, the readings of all coagulation tests remain normal, but the fibrin clot dissolves in 5-7 M urea.

Blood coagulation disorders, characterized by a tendency to recurrent vascular thrombosis and organ infarction, are more often associated with hereditary or secondary (symptomatic) deficiency of antithrombin III, the main inactivator of all enzymatic coagulation factors and heparin cofactor, proteins C and S (blockers of activated factors VIII and V) , deficiency of fibrinolytic components (deficiency of plasminogen and its endothelial activator, etc.) and kallikrein-kinin system (deficiency of plasma prekallikrenia and high-molecular kininogen), rarely with factor XII deficiency and fibrinogen anomalies. The cause of thrombophilia can also be platelet hyperaggregation, deficiency of prostacyclin and other inhibitors of platelet aggregation. The secondary depletion of the above mechanisms for maintaining the liquid state of the blood may be due to the intensive consumption of physiological anticoagulants. The tendency to thrombosis increases with an increase in blood viscosity, which is determined by the method of viscometry, as well as an increase in hematocrit, an increased content of fibrinogen in the blood plasma.

Blood clotting disorders, purpura and other hemorrhagic conditions (ICD-10), class III (2/3)
D65. Disseminated intravascular coagulation [defibrination syndrome]. Afibrinogenemia acquired. Consumption coagulopathy. Diffuse or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DJC). Fibrinolytic bleeding acquired. Purpura: fibrinolytic, fulminant.
Excludes: defibrination syndrome (complicating): abortion, ectopic or molar pregnancy (O00-O07, O08.1), newborn (P60), pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O45.0, O46.0, O67.0, O72 .3)

D66. Hereditary factor VIII deficiency. Factor VIII deficiency (with functional impairment) Hemophilia: NOS, A, classic.
Excludes: factor VIII deficiency with vascular disorder (D68.0)

D67. Hereditary factor IX deficiency. Christmas illness. Deficiency: factor IX (with functional impairment), plasma thromboplastic component, Hemophilia B

D68. Other bleeding disorders.
Excluded complicating: abortion, ectopic or molar pregnancy (O00-O07, O08.1), pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium (O45.0, O46.0, O67.0, O72.3)

D68.0 Willebrand's disease. Angiohemophilia. Factor VIII deficiency with vascular damage. Vascular hemophilia.
Excludes: hereditary fragility of capillaries (D69.8), factor VIII deficiency: NOS (D66), with functional impairment (D66)

D68.1 Hereditary deficiency of factor XI. Hemophilia C. Deficiency of plasma thromboplastin precursor.

D68.2 Hereditary deficiency of other coagulation factors. Congenital afibrinogenemia. Deficiency: AC-globulin, proaccelerin. Factor deficiency: I (fibrinogen), II (prothrombin), V (labile), VII (stable), X (Stuart-Prauer), XII (Hageman), XIII (fibrin-stabilizing). Dysfibrinogenemia (congenital). Hypoproconvertinemia Ovren's disease

D68.3 Hemorrhagic disorders due to circulating anticoagulants in the blood. Hyperheparinemia Increased levels of: antithrombin, anti-VIIIa, anti-IXa, anti-Xa, anti-XIa.

D68.4 Acquired coagulation factor deficiency. Coagulation factor deficiency due to: liver disease, vitamin K deficiency.
Excludes: vitamin K deficiency in newborn (P53)

D68.8 Other specified bleeding disorders Presence of an inhibitor of systemic lupus erythematosus

D68.9 Coagulation disorder, unspecified

D69. Purpura and other hemorrhagic conditions.
Excludes: benign hypergammaglobulinemic purpura (D89.0), cryoglobulinemic purpura (D89.1), idiopathic (hemorrhagic) thrombocythemia (D47.3), fulminant purpura (D65), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (M31.1)

D69.0 Allergic purpura. Purpura: anaphylactoid, Henoch (- Schonlein), non-thrombocytopenic: hemorrhagic, idiopathic, vascular. allergic vasculitis.

D69.1 Qualitative defects in platelets. Bernard-Soulier syndrome (giant platelets), Glanzmann's disease, Gray platelet syndrome, Thrombasthenia (hemorrhagic) (hereditary). thrombocytopathy.
Excludes: von Willebrand disease (D68.0)

D69.2 Other non-thrombocytopenic purpura. Purpura: NOS, senile, simple.

D69.3 Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Evans syndrome

D69.4 Other primary thrombocytopenias.
Excludes: thrombocytopenia with absence of radius (Q87.2), transient neonatal thrombocytopenia (P61.0), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (D82.0)

D69.5 Secondary thrombocytopenia

D69.6 Thrombocytopenia, unspecified

D69.8 Other specified haemorrhagic conditions Fragility of capillaries (hereditary). Vascular pseudohemophilia.

D69.9 Hemorrhagic condition, unspecified

Which doctor should I contact if there is a bleeding disorder:

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If you have previously performed any research, be sure to take their results to a consultation with a doctor. If the studies have not been completed, we will do everything necessary in our clinic or with our colleagues in other clinics.

Do you have a blood clotting disorder? You need to be very careful about your overall health. People don't pay enough attention disease symptoms and do not realize that these diseases can be life-threatening. There are many diseases that at first do not manifest themselves in our body, but in the end it turns out that, unfortunately, it is too late to treat them. Each disease has its own specific signs, characteristic external manifestations - the so-called disease symptoms. Identifying symptoms is the first step in diagnosing diseases in general. To do this, you just need to several times a year be examined by a doctor not only to prevent a terrible disease, but also to maintain a healthy spirit in the body and the body as a whole.

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Blood is the connecting fluid between human organs. She has many functions. When a blood vessel or tissue is damaged, blood loss occurs. How does the body react to such a situation? We will answer in this article right now.

The protective function of blood is called clotting. Substances that realize such a task are called clotting factors. That is, substances circulate in the blood, whose task is to eliminate blood loss. In an emergency, some of them are produced by the liver, some are constantly in the blood.

Coagulation needs to be known in the following cases:

Two methods are used to determine coagulability: Lee White or Sukharev. In the first case, venous blood is used no more than 3 ml. In this case, the resulting sample is placed in 3 test tubes by millimeter and heated in a water bath. The tripod is then placed at a 50 degree angle until the blood has completely clotted.

For the Sukharev method, capillary blood is used, while the first drop is removed. The resulting sample is placed in a prepared container, the height of which reaches 30 mm. Then the installed capillary tilts every 30 seconds in different directions. The movement of the container stops after the slowing of the blood, that is, during clotting, and the specialist indicates the clotting interval of a particular sample.

With poor coagulation there is a threat of uncontrolled blood loss or the formation of blood clots, which lead to heart attacks, strokes. In addition, going beyond the indicators of any clotting factor leads to disruption of the organs, the emergence or presence of diseases.

According to the international nomenclature, factor I in the clotting function is fibrinogen. This protein is produced by the liver. With blood loss, fibrinogen becomes insoluble fibrin, the threads of which create a fibrin network. This mesh retains red blood cells, platelets and other components of the blood environment.

Name of pathologies with poor clotting

Poor coagulability does not apply to individual diseases, but is a sign of one of the hereditary pathologies:

• Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder. With the development of such a pathology, bleeding occurs in the muscles, joints or internal organs.
• Willebrand's disease is a deficiency of a specific protein, the lack of which disrupts the process of blood clotting. As a result, a blood clot is formed, since the platelet does not attach to the walls of damaged vessels.
• Thrombocytopenia - associated with a decrease in the number of platelets less than 150 * 109 / l, which leads to increased bleeding and problems with stopping bleeding. You can detect this disease by taking a blood test. In people with a similar lesion, a simple scratch, gums bleed non-stop, it is difficult to stop a nosebleed.

In addition, diseases associated with poor coagulability include: tumors; DIC; sepsis.

Symptoms of deviation

The main external indicator of poor clotting is increased bleeding that cannot be stopped. Doctors also identify the following symptoms:

Why bad coagulation?

When the blood clotting system doesn't work or works poorly, doctors talk about poor blood clotting. The reason is the insufficient amount of the substance included in the coagulation process. Thus, clotting disorders are associated with a lack of platelets, which leads to the development of thrombocytopenia.

Also the reasons include:

Clotting during gestation

During pregnancy, the level of clotting increases. This is normal, as the body prepares for blood loss when the baby is born.

In addition, there may be fluctuations in the direction of lowering the characteristics of coagulability. This is also normal, as the body adapts to the conditions in which pregnancy proceeds. In addition, in women, a decrease in the characteristics of immunity occurs so that the body does not reject the fetus as a foreign organism.

Fluctuations in coagulation characteristics are controlled by a doctor, because a significant excess of normal values ​​\u200b\u200bis threatening serious consequences for the mother and unborn child. So, with elevated values ​​in the placenta, blood clots may form, which will make it difficult for the necessary elements and oxygen to reach the child. The consequence will be the occurrence of hypoxia (oxygen starvation), which will lead to developmental delays, brain disorders, and the occurrence of congenital pathologies. And in a future mother in a similar situation, thrombosis develops - a disease characterized by the occurrence of blood clots.

With a significant excess of the limits, the fetus develops diseases associated with reduced coagulability. In addition, miscarriage, premature birth, severe bleeding during childbirth are not excluded.

Important! The indicators of blood coagulation among pregnant women are under the close attention of the doctor.

Bad analysis in a child

Normal indicators in childhood differ from those of an adult patient. They also differ as the baby grows. Exceeding the indicators is manifested by the spontaneous occurrence of blood clots in the blood vessels, which threatens to block the vessels, disrupt the functioning of organs, and have a stroke.

Reduced clotting is often hereditary. This disease is called hemophilia. Autoimmune diseases (in which the immune system perceives the tissues of its own body as foreign) and liver pathologies are also included in the list of reasons for such a deviation. In this case, parents are obliged to monitor the child to exclude blood loss.

External signs in children appear in the form of frequent bruising, subcutaneous hematomas, girls may have heavy menstruation.

How to treat?

Treatment of poor clotting is a long process. A complete examination is needed, on the basis of which the doctor prescribes a course of treatment. More often therapeutic measures include:

• Elimination of deficiency of vitamin K and calcium.
• Elimination of disorders associated with the functioning of platelets in the patient's body.
• Donor blood transfusion.
• The use of medications for the normal functioning of fibrinogen.
• The use of foods high in vitamin K, calcium, amino acids. First of all, these are dairy products (cottage cheese, kefir, sour cream, cheese, etc.). It is important to focus on the use of leafy vegetables (spinach, green onions, cabbage), meat, fish.

After consulting with a doctor, you can turn to traditional medicine. Doctors recommend drinking decoctions of nettle, yarrow, pine nut shells. Blackcurrant leaves, arnica, barberry fruits will also help.

As a result, bleeding disorders are a serious problem. In each case, a complete and comprehensive examination gives a clear picture of the disease. Based on what, the doctor makes a course of treatment.

If a person suffers from blood clotting disorders, then this is dangerous with rather serious consequences, in some situations a neglected pathology can even lead to death. To try to fix the problem, you must immediately contact a specialist and begin medical therapy. In some situations, traditional medicine helps.

However, before that, it is necessary to find out the causes of blood clotting disorders.

general information

With the normal functioning of the systems of the human body, blood clotting and thinning takes place in the normal mode. Therefore, in the event of an injury or wound, bleeding stops. This function depends on the aggregation of blood cells (erythrocytes and platelets). If a deviation occurs, this leads to a change in blood viscosity. If it becomes too liquid or, conversely, thick, then this leads to serious violations.

If the wound healing process does not occur correctly, then this can lead to the spread of infection and many other negative consequences.

What is a bleeding disorder called?

In itself, the thickening or excessive thinning of the fluid depends on clotting factors. Such problems may be hereditary or acquired. Most often in medical practice there are pathologies of this type:

1. Hemophilia. In this case, we are talking about a genetic pathology. Hemophilia is of two types. In the first case, there is no protein in the blood that is necessary for proper clotting. In the second case, we are talking about the deficiency of Christmas plasma.
2. Willebrand disease. This is another hereditary disease, which is a lack of blood. Due to a specific factor called von Willebrand, the necessary blood clot does not form. This violation of blood clotting is due to the fact that platelets lose their ability to attach to the walls of damaged vessels. Against this background, the normal process of aggregation of blood plates does not occur. Also, such a pathology can develop against the background of multiple blood transfusion procedures, as well as due to the development of rheumatoid arthritis.

When these pathologies occur, patients suffer from increased bleeding. If a wound appears on the body, it becomes very difficult to stop the bleeding. This is a very dangerous condition.

According to statistics, boys are more likely to suffer from hemophilia, and both sexes suffer from von Willebrand disease. The most striking symptom of such pathologies is the too long process of blood clotting when injured.

However, excessive thickening of the liquid is fraught with consequences. Speaking about the violation of blood clotting, what is it, symptoms and other data, it is worth considering the conditions in which the formation of blood clots - blood clots. In this case, this condition may be called thrombocytopenia or fibrinopenia. Regardless of whether fluid thinning or thickening occurs, immediate treatment should be started.

Causes of bleeding disorders

If this process is violated, it is absent. A similar condition can develop not only against the background of genetic pathologies, but also with other diseases. For example, a blood clotting disorder can occur due to:

1. Vitamin K deficiency.
2. Dysfunctions of the liver.
3. ICE syndrome.
4. pernicious anemia.
5. Thrombasthenia.
6. Tumor diseases.
7. Afibronogenemia or dysfibrinogenemia.
8. Side effects after taking anticoagulants or cytostatics.

If a person has frequent bleeding, especially if it is a hematoma type, then the first signs of such a condition, as a rule, become noticeable even at a fairly young age. Against this background, damage to the vessels occurs, and sometimes the entire supporting apparatus.

Considering the causes and pathogenesis of blood clotting disorders, it is worth paying attention to the fact that against the background of this condition, thrombosis of a recurring type and heart attacks of various organs of the human body can develop.

Symptoms

There are a number of symptoms of bleeding disorders. First of all, you should start to worry if, even if you receive a minor wound, it becomes extremely difficult to stop the bleeding. Patients also complain about the constant appearance of large bruises on the body. As a rule, we are talking about multiple hematomas, which look more like a bluish rash. Similar ones can form even with the most minor injuries, for example, if a person presses hard on the skin. Patients note that bruises literally appear for no reason.

If the cause of bleeding disorders is hemophilia, then the symptoms become noticeable even at a very young age. At the same time, hemorrhages in the joints are observed in children. In addition, there is a violation of the musculoskeletal system.

Bleeding gums are also symptoms of a bleeding disorder. Patients also complain of blood that starts to flow from the nose for no reason.

Features of symptoms with increased coagulability

In this situation, patients have a constant feeling of fatigue. Many note the appearance of heaviness in the lower extremities. While walking, a person gets tired quickly. In addition, some report frequent headaches and drowsiness.

People who are observed are prone to thrombosis and varicose veins. In this case, numerous spider veins and venous nodes begin to appear on the lower extremities.

Diagnostics

To find out the exact causes of bleeding disorders, you need to contact a specialist. First of all, the hematologist conducts an external examination of the patient and carefully listens to his complaints. It is necessary to describe very clearly your condition, symptoms, frequency, nature and duration of bleeding. If there is a violation of blood clotting in surgical patients, then it is necessary to tell the doctor about the operations undergone, and also list the drugs that the person took. For some drugs, clotting disorders are a side effect. It is also important to review the medical history of the patient's relatives. If they suffered from similar problems, then most likely we are talking about a hereditary pathology.

After that, the patient needs to donate blood for analysis (the platelet aggregation is also checked) and undergo diagnostic tests. Also, the specialist conducts tests, during which it is possible to establish the exact duration of bleeding.

What to do?

Depending on the symptoms and causes of a bleeding disorder, treatment may vary. If it is impossible to correct the situation, it is necessary to control the state of the fluid using a coagulogram. If a person suffers from severe blood thinning, then mandatory medical supervision is required. Otherwise, there is a risk of transferring the disease to a completely opposite state, which will lead to the formation of blood clots.

If we talk about medicines, then they help get rid of the pathology:

1. Vitamin K injections.
2. Aminocaproic acid, as well as other drugs that prevent excessive dissolution of fibrin.
3. coagulants. In this case, drugs of indirect or direct influence can be prescribed.
4. Means that promote the production of platelets.

Plasma transfusion is often used to contain clotting factors.

Also, to correct their condition, patients need to adhere to proper nutrition. It is recommended to eat foods that contain a large amount of vitamin K. To do this, you need to include buckwheat, bananas, mangoes, radishes, red peppers, beans and walnuts in your diet. Depending on the causes of blood clotting disorders, vitamins can also be prescribed in the form of injections.

In order not to worsen your condition, you should exclude drinks that include caffeine or alcohol. You can also resort to folk methods. However, you should not do this without first consulting with a specialist, especially when it comes to ladies who are in position.

If a pregnant woman suffers from poor clotting

In the process of carrying a baby, a woman is forced to face numerous stresses. Serious changes are taking place in her body. Often, pregnant women notice a deterioration in their condition, some of them begin to suffer from poor blood clotting.

As a rule, this is explained:

1. Overloads that the immune system of the expectant mother is forced to cope with.
2. Viral diseases.
3. The use of certain medications, especially when it comes to antibiotics.
4. Avitaminosis.
5. Increased content of vitamin C in food.

If, in the process of carrying a baby, a woman does not take measures to restore normal fluid clotting, this can lead to serious complications, up to a miscarriage or excessive bleeding after childbirth.

Also, often people suffering from such pathological conditions resort to the recommendations of traditional medicine.

horse chestnut

To prepare a healing infusion, it is necessary to peel 50 g of the fruits of the plant from the dense peel, grind them and mix with 0.5 liters of vodka. The resulting liquid is infused in a dark place for 12 days. After that, the finished composition can be taken in a teaspoon 3 times a day before eating.

However, if a person continues or even intensifies bleeding, then it is necessary to immediately stop taking this infusion.

Also chestnut is often used in a different way. To do this, 50 g of purified plant kernels are heavily crushed, after which the resulting powder is mixed with 250 g of natural olive oil. All components must be thoroughly mixed until a product is obtained that resembles a thick ointment in its consistency. The resulting composition is rubbed into the resulting bruises. Between procedures you need to take a break of several days.

Orange juice

This composition is better not to buy in the store, but to cook it yourself. To do this, squeeze out about half a glass of orange juice and dilute it with 1.5 glasses of water. After that, 30 g of sugar is added to the liquid. The resulting fragrant and tasty medicine should be drunk throughout the day. The total volume of liquid should be divided into 6-8 servings. The course of treatment with orange juice is 1.5 months.

mulberry roots

To thin the blood, it is recommended to pour 20 g of the crushed plant into a deep bowl and pour all three liters of water. The resulting liquid is left for 1 hour. After that, the container is placed on the stove and the broth is brought to a boil. Next, you need to reduce the heat and boil the mulberry tree for another 15 minutes. After the broth has cooled, it must be filtered and consumed three glasses a day. The course of such treatment is usually 5 days. After that, there is a short break. After 2-3 days, the procedure can be repeated. While taking the drug, it should be stored in the refrigerator.

Possible Complications

If a diagnosis of disorders in the process of blood clotting is confirmed in a person, then it is very important to conduct adequate treatment. Otherwise, there is a risk of life-threatening complications. For example, if a person ignores the problem, they may suffer from a brain hemorrhage, severe bleeding in the ECT, or joints.

It must be understood that any disturbances in the functioning of hemostasis can lead to the development of serious pathological conditions or dangerous exacerbations, which are even fraught with death.

Prevention

To prevent serious complications, it is recommended that you stop smoking and stay away from people who use cigarettes. Proper nutrition is important. Even a healthy person needs to periodically consume vitamins to maintain the protective functions of the body.