Treatment of diarrhea in children 3 years. What to do with diarrhea without fever in a child? Various types of enzyme deficiency

Loose stools are a symptom that is constantly encountered by young parents. Without heat, it does not attract attention and creates a false sense of calm. A harmless dysfunction may hide a life-threatening infection. Vomiting is the second symptom that signals a digestive failure. May occur without diarrhea, but more often occurs together.

Organism 3 month old baby very different from those who lived for 2 years. Most organ systems are forming or learning to interact with the outside world. Frequent stools in an infant (6-10 times a day) are a consequence of the lack of control of the central nervous system over the anal sphincter. Up to 2-3 years, work is regulated by reflexes.

Mushy stools for a specified age - normal phenomenon. Discharges from large quantity water should alert, even if there is no temperature.

Among the children of all age groups babies have the highest chance of suffering from diarrhea. The danger is a consequence in the form of dehydration. It is determined by the following signs:

Decrease in the amount of urine and darkening;
Dry mucous membranes: nose, mouth, eyes;
The skin above the "fontanelle" descends into the skull by 3-5 millimeters;
Lack of tears when crying;
Sluggish state.

In children aged 1 year or less, when unwell, diarrhea and vomiting are clearly manifested without other symptoms. Any infectious disease develops in a few hours. This must be remembered and, at the slightest manifestation, call the local pediatrician or go to the hospital yourself.

Causes of diarrhea and vomiting in a child under one year old

Common reasons include:

Mom's diet violation. Eating food that is difficult to digest (fatty or fried) will make milk fatter than usual and the baby will not be able to digest it.
Change of feed mixture. If the child is bottle-fed, a change in the composition of the mixture will immediately affect the work of the intestines.
Feeding too early. A smooth transition to regular food is recommended at the age of 6 months. If this is done earlier, temporary dysfunction is guaranteed. The body does not produce enzymes in the right quantities. This is the case when the child vomits due to dyspepsia.
Binge eating. a common problem for children of all ages. They eat more than they need on their own or under parental pressure. The intestines do not have time to process incoming food. From vomiting caused by overflowing of the stomach, relief comes.
The growth of milk teeth. Teeth begin to appear at the age of 4-5 months. The process is accompanied by functional vomiting and diarrhea.
Congenital pathologies of the digestive system. At the slightest suspicion of an infection, a pediatrician should be called to the house.

Causes of diarrhea and vomiting in children aged 1-7 years

When a child turns 1 year old, an important change occurs in his life - weaning. The digestive system becomes similar to an adult, differing only in size. The stool is regular, the consistency is firm. The causes of diarrhea are replaced by those characteristic of an adult organism:

Intestinal infections (salmonellosis, dysentery). Some children do not have temperature response on the exciter. Able to appear on the second day. If the diarrhea contains mucus or has changed color to green, you should immediately contact a medical facility. Children under 3 years of age should be observed in the hospital.
Diet violation. main reason all gastrointestinal problems. Eating too fatty fried foods or sweets provoke indigestion.
Chronic diarrhea. Main symptoms: 2-5 or more bowel movements per day for three or more weeks, liquid feces. It occurs due to diseases of the esophagus, stomach or pancreas.
Allergy to selected foods. Individual intolerance can manifest itself in the form of diarrhea or vomiting, without redness of the skin or swelling.
Poisoning with chemicals or expired products. In this case, the child vomits violently, and when the stomach is empty, he vomits. Diarrhea acts as an additional symptom and allows you to assess the severity of poisoning.
Psychological shocks can cause excessive activity of the muscles of the small intestine (irritable bowel syndrome). This impairs the absorption of food. This is the second most common cause for children older than 5 years.
Imbalance of the intestinal microflora. Experts mistakenly call the phenomenon dysbacteriosis. Occurs after treatment with antimicrobial drugs.
Helminth infestation. Worm infestation proceeds without symptoms. But reaching a certain population size, the worms provoke alternating diarrhea and constipation.
Violations of the production of enzymes in the digestive tract. Due to the lack or absence of the required elements, food is not completely digested.
Head injury. Nausea and vomiting are the main symptoms of a closed craniocerebral injury.

Vomiting and diarrhea in a teenager occurs for similar reasons.

Types of dyspepsia

The most common is a lack of lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into simple sugars. Congenital deficiency makes it impossible to eat mother's milk and dairy products. Therefore, the child is transferred to an artificial mixture without lactose. Symptoms: , bloating, intestinal colic, intestinal gases with a sour smell.

celiac enteropathy - genetic disease in which plant proteins (gluten, hordein, avenin) are not broken down in the intestine. This makes it impossible to eat cereals made from wheat, rye and barley. All products made from wheat and rye flour are banned. It is detected during the first feeding at the age of 6-8 months. Symptoms are: bloating, lag in physical development, decreased immunity.

The main pathologies of the digestive tract in children

Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining. Occurs in acute chronic form. Occurs due to malnutrition and exposure Helicobacter bacteria pylori. Symptoms: pain in the left hypochondrium, nausea, belching, plaque on the tongue.

stomach ulcer and duodenum. The disease is inherited, but provokes its development by a bacterium that causes gastritis. Characterized by pain in empty stomach, in the epigastrium and around the navel, occurring 2 hours after eating. Symptoms: vomiting, nausea, heartburn.

Gastroenteritis - inflammatory disease stomach and small intestine. Symptoms: vomiting, fever, flatulence, diarrhea.

Hepatitis is a disease of the liver, in which the body increases in size. The cause is the hepatitis virus or effects on the organ chemical substances. Symptoms: pain in the right hypochondrium, yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes, lack of appetite, vomiting.

Cholecystitis is an infectious disease in which the bile ducts. The causative agents are streptococci and staphylococci. It happens as a result of hepatitis. Symptoms: pain in the right side and near the navel, vomiting, nausea, fever.

Pancreatitis is a disease that affects the pancreas. The pathology is characterized by pain in the left side or the entire abdomen hurts. The pain may radiate to the back or left hand. Symptoms: loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, bloating, diarrhea.

What to do with diarrhea and vomiting

Diarrhea treatment infectious nature carried out antiviral drugs and antibiotics under medical supervision.

Diarrhea caused by malnutrition goes away on its own if you follow a strict diet for a week:

Replenish fluid loss with boiled water.
Kissels, compotes, juices, sweet tea.
Rice or oatmeal porridge on the water.
Lean meat (turkey, chicken fillet).
Boiled vegetables. It is advisable to eat more potatoes. He secures the chair and is excellent source carbohydrates.
Dairy products: fermented baked milk, katyk, kefir (with caution), yogurt.

If diarrhea or vomiting caught at night, you need to provide first aid:

Rinse the stomach. For 5-10 minutes, 1-5 liters of warm water are drunk. it unpleasant procedure. In the hospital, for this, a probe is inserted into the esophagus and forcibly poured right amount liquids. Rapid filling will cause a gag reflex. If this does not happen, the parent presses with two fingers on the root of the tongue and the child pulls out the drunk liquid. Vomiting removes some of the poison from the body.
Give an enterosorbent (activated carbon, Smecta, Enterosgel). It will absorb toxins in the small and large intestines.
To replenish the lost fluid, take Regidron or Trisol. Such situations often occur late in the evening or at night. If there is no 24-hour pharmacy nearby, it is better to prepare the solution yourself. There are 2 recipes that are equal in effectiveness. 1st method: pour a mixture of 1 tsp with a liter of boiled water. salt and 4 tsp. Sahara. The resulting solution is taken 1 teaspoon every 10 minutes. Method 2: Dissolve 1 teaspoon of soda, 1 teaspoon of salt and 2 tablespoons of sugar in 1 liter. Use in the same way as the first method.
Antiemetics and remedies for nausea and diarrhea are not recommended for the purpose of self-purification of the body. Washing the stomach and taking sorbents will be enough. If the child gets hungry, give homemade crackers or crackers. They do not irritate the stomach and will not provoke new vomiting. In a day, the mucosa will return to normal.
If diarrhea and vomiting persist for 2 days or more, contact medical care.

To treat diarrhea caused by stress or fear, you need to find out the cause by talking with your child or contacting a psychologist. For a teenager, a mild sedative is suitable. Tincture of valerian or motherwort, for example.

The famous pediatrician Komarovsky advises to adhere to the rule, which includes three simple recommendations: cold, hunger and rest. In such conditions, the body will quickly recover.

Prevention of the disorder

To reduce the likelihood of diarrhea, it is enough to follow the recommendations:

Meals - regular and varied, without hard-to-digest components.
Do not forget to wash, boil and peel vegetables, meat and fruits.
Teach your child to follow the basic rules of personal hygiene.
When buying products in the store, pay attention to the expiration date.
Maintain a calm psychological environment in the family.

The digestive system in children is sensitive to changes in nutrition. Therefore, new foods should be introduced into the diet in small portions. If the child has vomited from food, then gastric lavage and taking activated charcoal will help get rid of diarrhea and vomiting. dieting, clean hands and fresh food is a guarantee of a healthy digestive tract. It is impossible to treat a child on your own without consulting a specialist!

Diarrhea in a child frequent occurrence, and its causes can be very different. Not all parents know how to distinguish infectious diarrhea from physiological disorder stomach, what measures to take as first aid, and when to call a doctor. Consider the types of the disease, medications that can be used, as well as home remedies for diarrhea in children.

It is impossible to raise a child and never encounter gastrointestinal problems, so every parent should know how to stop diarrhea

Why does a child have diarrhea?

Let's figure out what are the causes of diarrhea in children:

Diet change. Indigestion in children often occurs with changes in the menu. Mom should remember what the baby ate the day before and a couple of hours before the appearance. Diarrhea can be caused by eating vegetables that are high in fiber, fruits, and all types of legumes. Also, overeating, fatty foods contribute to the thinning of the stool. stomach and small intestine cannot cope with excess food and undigested pieces are sent to colon where the fermentation process starts. The intestinal walls are irritated, and diarrhea begins.
Rotavirus infection. According to some reports, this reason also applies to the most possible in children. Rotavirus is highly contagious and enters the body through Airways and instantly spreads to children's team. Symptoms rotavirus infection combine fever, diarrhea, vomiting. In addition, respiratory manifestations are possible - redness of the throat, rhinitis and cough.
Other intestinal infections. Less common are diseases such as salmonellosis, dysentery, coli infection, giardiasis. These states have various symptoms, and loose stools are just one of them.
Dyspeptic diarrhea. It occurs due to a violation of the production of enzymes, or secretory insufficiency of the stomach, pancreas, liver.
Medical diarrhea. This type of diarrhea occurs after a course of antibiotics that suppress the natural intestinal microflora.
Neurogenic diarrhea. Indigestion is sometimes noted as a result of stress, and is also a reaction to fear.

Features of therapy depending on age

This article talks about typical ways to solve your questions, but each case is unique! If you want to know from me how to solve exactly your problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!

Therapy for diarrhea depends not only on the cause of the disease, but also on the age of the child. Treating a 6-month-old baby is different from helping an older baby. It is very important to ensure that the crumbs do not have dehydration. Symptoms of a condition in which you should consult a doctor are as follows:

infrequent urination;
dry mouth, dark coated tongue;
general weakness, lethargy;
the fontanel sometimes sinks in the baby (looks sunken);
to monitor the condition of the baby (from 1 to 12 months) with diarrhea, it is worth carrying out daily weighing.

Similar symptoms - warning sign. In this situation, you can not hesitate, you should call an ambulance.

Diarrhea in the chest

In infants, determining the cause of diarrhea is not always easy. The fact is that in a child up to a year, the number of bowel movements per day can be up to 4 times. Very young children (1-2 months) have stools after each feeding, especially if the baby is breastfeeding.

To determine if there is diarrhea, you should carefully examine the contents of the diaper. Normally, the feces of the baby are light brown in color, the consistency resembles sour cream. If the stool is liquid and soaks into the diaper, leaving only yellow-brown spots, you can talk about diarrhea.

New mothers always need to pay attention to the contents of the diaper

The first task of parents is not to stop feeding the baby with milk or formula. Nutrition will partially make up for the loss of fluid. Additional soldering with purified water will not hurt either. It is better to offer water between feedings, observing a break of 30 minutes to an hour.

In addition, small children (from 1 month old) are given Smecta. Diluted 1 sachet boiled water and divide the suspension into 5-6 parts. Give each dose after meals, evenly distributing the number of procedures per day by the hour. If diarrhea persists for more than 2 days, you should definitely consult a doctor.

If one year old baby the number of bowel movements per day exceeds 4-5 times, he needs to be given water. You can drip 5 ml of liquid into your mouth with a pipette or syringe with the needle removed.

Diarrhea in children over 1 year old

With diarrhea in children after a year, the replenishment of fluid in the body comes to the fore (we recommend reading:). The child needs to be given water in small portions so that it has time to be absorbed by the walls of the stomach and does not cause vomiting. An excellent solution would be to use rehydration solutions, which are sold in pharmacies.

It is necessary to feed a child older than a year only at his request - this is the main difference between therapy and how infants are treated. If the baby does not want to eat, do not force him. However, a rigid diet for a day or more is a reason to see a doctor.

It is important to prevent dehydration with diarrhea, so it is essential to replenish lost fluids.

Medications to treat diarrhea

if diarrhea is caused by a virus, antiviral and antipyretic drugs are used;
for the treatment of diseases of a bacterial nature - antibiotics;
for the treatment of any type of disease, rehydration solutions, as well as sorbents, should be used.

Rehydration solutions

Doctors believe that during an illness, when fluid loss occurs, ordinary drinking is not enough. Rehydration therapy can be intravenous and oral. Pharmacies sell drugs to restore water and electrolyte balance. It can be ready solutions, capsules that are washed down with water, or powders in sachets for self-preparation.

These medicines are necessary because during the period of diarrhea, the child loses not only fluids, but also salts. You can not make up for water losses, ignoring the lack of electrolytes.

Scientists have calculated what the balance of salts should be and compiled a formula according to which manufacturers make powders. In some rehydration products, not only salts are found in the composition, but also glucose, as well as extracts of plants or cereals.

It is important to adhere to the dosage indicated on the sachet according to the age of the child. Available for sale following powders to prepare a solution:

Gastrolit;
Regidron (more details in the article:);
Normohydron;
Humana Electrolyte and others.

However, a similar solution can be prepared at home. You will need to mix 3 g (1/3 tsp) of salt and 18 g (2 tsp) of sugar in a liter of boiled water.

Sorbents

Enterosorbents are special substances that have the ability to absorb toxins and remove them from the body. Sorbents work great in the intestines and can even remove poisons, which puts them on a par with antidotes. Enterosorbents may have natural composition, but may be substances created in the laboratory.

Consider the popular drugs from this series:

Activated charcoal is a natural absorbent in the form of tablets, familiar to our mothers and grandmothers.
Smecta is an effective drug in its niche that can be used from birth. Smecta perfectly binds and removes toxins, instantly stops diarrhea (we recommend reading:). It is not recommended to take this sorbent together with other drugs, since Smecta significantly reduces their effectiveness.
Enterosgel - binds and removes decay products, allergens and even viruses (we recommend reading:). This drug also promotes the regeneration of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, does not violate the beneficial microflora, and does not remove the necessary trace elements.
Lignin is an absorbent of natural origin. Its basis is specially prepared coniferous wood.

Enzymes

Enzymes for diarrhea are not often prescribed. However, if diarrhea is known to be caused by inflammation of the pancreas, either chronic or acute, enzyme replacement therapy is indicated.

You can determine the lack of enzymes if you make a coprogram and check the feces for elastase. With diarrhea, tablets are prescribed for short term, people with chronic enzyme deficiency have to take such drugs for life. The most popular such enzyme preparations, how:

Mezim;
Penzital;
Pancreatin;
Pangrol;
Freon;
Festal.

Antipyretics and painkillers

If diarrhea is caused by a virus, it may be accompanied by a high fever (see also:). In this case, the use of antipyretics is indicated. Children are allowed drugs based on paracetamol and ibuprofen. Do not use suppositories, it is better to give the child medicine in the form of a syrup or suspension.

Painkillers for diarrhea are not usually used. AT last resort you can drink No-shpu to relieve intestinal spasm.

Pro- and prebiotics

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that get into the intestines, help it work more efficiently. According to experts, probiotics not only promote the reproduction of useful, but also inhibit pathogenic microflora. These include:

Bifiform;
Linex;
Enterol;
Biosportn;
Gastrofarm.

In addition to probiotics, it is useful to take prebiotics to normalize the microflora - organic matter, which serve as "food" for beneficial microflora. The task of prebiotics is to create favorable conditions for the growth of the desired microorganisms. These compounds are found in corn, garlic, beans, peas, bread and cereals. Often on the packaging with porridge you can see the inscription "enriched with prebiotics."

Antivirals

Antivirals in the fight against diarrhea make sense if the problem is a viral infection. We have already mentioned that with the viral nature of the disease, it is most often noted heat, general weakness, aching joints.

However, for therapy similar condition there are not many specific antiviral agents. Kipferon suppositories are suitable for children, which combine immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial properties. Viferon candles also have similar properties.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics for the treatment of diarrhea are not often used. As a rule, they are prescribed in the case of the so-called invasive diarrhea - when blood is found in the stool. This situation indicates damage to the large intestine and requires the intervention of a specialist.

In this regard, antibiotics should be prescribed only by a doctor. The following remedies are used to treat diarrhea caused by bacteria:

Amoxicillin tablets (children under 10 years of age are prescribed in the form of a suspension);
Metronidazole (from birth);
Levomycetin (do not use in patients under 3 years old);
Ciprofloxacin etc.

home remedies

Almost any type of diarrhea can be treated at home. In addition to the medicines that we wrote about above, there are folk methods diarrhea treatment. In addition, it is important to ensure that the child follows a special diet. Consider the main recommendations of specialists, as well as what you can not do with diarrhea.

Folk recipes

Alternative medicine offers its own ways to deal with diarrhea. Consider the main alternative methods of treating indigestion without the use of medications:

Pear leaves. Dried leaves are poured with boiling water and infused for an hour. The infusion is filtered, and the child is allowed to drink 1 tbsp. 5-6 times a day.
Dried pomegranate peel. The skin must be cut off fresh fruit, trying not to touch the white layer, then dry well. You can store the peels in a clean, dry jar. To prepare pomegranate infusion, you need to take 10 g of peel and pour a glass of boiling water, leave for 40 minutes to an hour. The child is recommended to drink immediately 1/3 of a glass of infusion, after 3-4 hours - another third.
Potato starch. This tool does not have medicinal properties however, it may help to make the stool firmer. It will take 1 tsp. potato starch, which must be mixed well with ½ cup of cool water and given to the child to drink. Kissels also have a good effect.
Black tea. This drink has astringent properties and helps to strengthen the walls of the intestines. Do not give your baby too strong brewed tea before bedtime.

Strong black teas are very effective for gastrointestinal disorders

Diet

Diet for diarrhea involves sparing nutrition. On the first day of illness, it is worth reducing the portions that the child is used to eating in order to reduce the load on the pancreas and liver. As the patient's condition improves, the amount of food should be increased.

Diarrhea in a child can accompany a wide variety of diseases. However, this symptom is dangerous in itself, especially if we are talking about small children. A well-known doctor and author of books and articles on children's health, Yevgeny Komarovsky, tells what the danger of diarrhea is and what parents should do if such a "trouble" happened to their child.

About the problem

Diarrhea is a manifestation of the body's ability to get rid of bacteria and viruses, of which there are a great many around the child. Neither the water that the baby drinks, nor the food, nor the air is sterile. What can we say about playing in the sandbox, crawling on the grass, on the floor, etc. A person has several such protective “systems”: saliva is designed to destroy microbes at the stage of getting into the mouth, bronchial and nasal mucus protect the respiratory organs from getting into them bacteria and viruses gastric juice effectively destroys those microorganisms that managed to enter the body through the mouth and reach the digestive organs unharmed. Bacteria, which are indigenous inhabitants, are waiting in the intestines of "intruders". Their task is to prevent malicious agents from taking root.

Diarrhea in a child can be caused by an intestinal infection, which enters the mouth through unwashed hands, poorly washed vegetables and fruits, through water, with food. Often these are bacteria.

Some viruses also cause diarrhea, such as rotavirus. The intestinal mucosa is excellent culture medium for their reproduction, and therefore digestion is disturbed, the intestinal mucosa is irritated and diarrhea occurs.

Danger of diarrhea

The most serious danger diarrhea lies in the likelihood of dehydration. The younger the child, the higher this risk. Salts of potassium, calcium, and sodium, which are extremely important for life, come out with feces. Liquid is rapidly lost. Therefore, it is not so scary if a child at 3 years old goes to the toilet five times a day and does not show signs of dehydration, as if five times diarrhea happened to a 6-month-old baby. After all, the reserves of water and mineral salts in the crumbs are much more scarce, he loses them at a faster pace.

severe dehydration may cause serious violations work of the nervous system, and also become fatal to the baby.

Treatment

If diarrhea is caused by a viral infection, and in addition to frequent trips to the toilet, there are all signs of a viral illness, you should not feed the child with antiviral drugs, they do not help and their effectiveness has not been clinically proven. Antibiotics are also inappropriate, since they do not act on viruses. No special treatment is required, it is enough to provide the child with the right assistance and prevent dehydration. If the diarrhea is the result of food poisoning or an intestinal infection, the treatment approach should be the same.

First of all, you should make sure that the baby is not dehydrated.

If the child does not pee for 6 hours, if he cries with dry eyes, without tears, if he has blue circles under the eyes, facial features are sharpened, he has dry lips, tongue, dry mucous membranes - this is very anxiety symptoms. Required immediate help doctors, you need to call an ambulance.

To prevent such a dangerous condition, the actions of parents with diarrhea should be coordinated and clear:

The child needs to drink. And drink a lot. All drinking should be warm, about 20 degrees, so that the liquid is absorbed and absorbed by the body as soon as possible. If the child refuses to drink from a cup, it should be fed with a spoon, little by little, but often. If he does not drink from a spoon, as children under 7-9 months often do, then you need to draw liquid into a disposable syringe without a needle and drink drip from it. If the baby resists this method, you should not wait and persuade, you should immediately call an "ambulance" so that it is possible to introduce liquid to the child by drip.
The child needs to restore the balance of salts. To do this, Komarovsky advises using ready-made pharmaceutical bags with oral rehydration agents. Suitable "Smekta", you can buy "Regidron" or "Humana-Electrolyte". These drugs are in without fail should be in home first aid kit every family. If diarrhea has already happened, and there are no such drugs, you can use a prescription that has received full approval. World Organization Health: per liter of water, add a teaspoon of salt and the same amount of soda. You can drink the child with this solution.
You need to control the discharge. Drinking should stand out. As long as the baby, who has not yet reached the age of one, walks in diapers, mom has nothing to worry about. At any time, she can measure the amount drunk by the child, and after 3 hours weigh his used diaper on an electronic kitchen scale to understand whether the water is normally excreted. If the child is already going to the potty, control is also not difficult. But for a child at 2 years old, who has already mastered the toilet with a high degree of probability, you will have to follow on his heels.
The child does not need food. Do not try to feed him at any cost. Diarrhea much will pass faster if the baby is hungry. Give food only when he asks. You can not eat fatty, sweet, drink carbonated drinks and milk with diarrhea. It is better to give porridge, mashed potatoes, yeast-free bread croutons, vegetable soup in lean broth.
Activated charcoal - in the right dosage. Another useful drug that should be in the home first aid kit. Parents should remember that activated charcoal is dosed 1 tablet for every 10 kilograms of body weight at a time. Thus, a child weighing 10 kilograms is given 1 tablet, and a baby whose weight is 15 kilograms is given 1.5 tablets. modern medicine recommends modern enterosorbents which are easier to take. If the financial capabilities of the family allow, you can buy and keep in the first aid kit in such a case "Enterosgel".

Nutrition after diarrhea

When the diarrhea has ended successfully, you do not need to immediately cook all those cutlets for your son or daughter and carry all the cookies that the child did not eat while he was ill. For a few more days, you should stick to a sparing diet. In the diet of a child from 1.5 years old, there may be cereals, tea, vegetable soups without meat. A kid from 2 years old can add one small curd to tea without additives, pieces of fruit and food coloring.

Then the diet should be increased gradually, daily adding new products to the peanut menu, starting with boiled meat, steam cutlets and ending (in last turn) a piece of chocolate or his favorite candy.

Safe Ways treatment of diarrhea at home - fasting and drinking. Everything else, including the use of antidiarrheals in children, must be agreed with the doctor.

If diarrhea occurs in a baby under one year old, you should definitely consult a doctor. For children under one and a half years old - the rule is exactly the same, provided that during the day the baby does not get better. Urgent hospitalization requires the presence of bloody impurities in the stool.

When contacting a doctor, be sure to remember what the child ate in the last 24 hours, what changes in his behavior were. It will be great if the doctor can personally evaluate the view stool on the diaper: their color, smell, texture.

With an intestinal infection, a sick little one should immediately allocate separate dishes, a towel and bed linen. It can be extremely contagious, and therefore it is worth protecting other family members, especially children, from possible infection.

Folk remedies, which on the Internet "experts" recommend treating diarrhea, especially garlic or onion enemas, can be extremely dangerous for the baby. If in sufficient drink water and make up for the lack of mineral salts, then diarrhea will recede without complications quickly enough (1-2 days). If the diarrhea continues, alternative medicine will not help, but an appeal to a completely traditional doctor will help.

How to treat diarrhea in a child, see Dr. Komaorovsky's program.

Published: 27 November 2015 at 15:45

Diarrhea is the most common disease in children. The peak of its occurrence falls on the younger preschool age. Diarrhea in a child at 3 years old is usually provoked by pathogenic microorganisms. infectious nature that enter the body of a three-year-old baby from the outside, through an inappropriate and poor quality food, unwashed vegetables or fruits that a curious baby is trying to eat directly from the garden, as well as through dirty hands. If a loose stool occurs in a child at the age of 3, you should not immediately panic, but in no case should you hope that everything will pass on its own.

In order to determine how serious sudden diarrhea is, parents of children who are 3 years old or a little less need to be able to determine whether it is just frequent loose stools, or begins to develop dangerous form diarrhea. This will help you take immediate action. When watery stools do not carry pathological danger, it is enough just to stop them with special pharmaceutical preparations or a home remedy such as rice water.

But if diarrhea that occurs in a child at the age of 3 is accompanied by additional severe symptoms, and there are inclusions of blood, mucus or impurities in the feces, there can be no question of any self-stopping of loose stools. Such diarrhea at 3 years old is treated only by a specialist after an appropriate diagnosis. Before the arrival of the doctor, parents should replenish the body's lost watery stool liquid to prevent dehydration of the baby.

Possible Causes of Diarrhea at 3 Years

Diarrhea in children under 3 years old can be neurogenic, alimentary, dyspeptic, infectious or toxic. It is easily evoked and potent medications used to treat another disease. Among the factors that can provoke diarrhea in a three-year-old child, the following are usually distinguished:

Watery bowel movements with an increased frequency of bowel movements may be a sign of enteritis - a disease of the small intestine, or colitis - a pathology of the large intestine;
The usual-looking liquid stool in a three-year-old baby is sometimes a disease such as functional diarrhea. Physical development the child does not stop with this disease, therefore, the pathology that provoked diarrhea at the age of 3 is revealed only by laboratory tests;
by the most common causes diarrhea in a child of 3 years old becomes the ingestion of viruses or infections, so parents need to carefully monitor the hygiene and nutrition of their crumbs as much as possible;
Diarrhea in young children may be one of the first signs of dysentery. In this case, a timely visit to the doctor is necessary to identify the pathology and start appropriate treatment.

Parents often ask this question: “Diarrhea for 3 years, how to determine the cause”? Here, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the frequency of stools, since with various diseases that served as a prerequisite for the development of diarrhea, it is different. Also, liquid stools can have a mushy or watery consistency. So, with amoebiasis, the feces contain vitreous mucus and bloody inclusions, so the stools become like raspberry jelly, and with dysentery, the feces first have a dense texture, and then soften and come out in smaller quantities. Mucous and bloody elements also appear in them. These pathologies may be accompanied by bloating, rumbling and painful sensations in him.

Diarrhea in a 3-year-old child, what to do?

If in the most early years the baby began to defecate more than three times a day and his feces acquired a watery consistency, but the doctor who arrived did not reveal any serious pathology, young mothers are always interested in what can be done in this case to save the baby from discomfort? With mild diarrhea at 3 years old, it is necessary to observe an enhanced drinking regimen, which will not allow dehydration to develop in the crumbs. Children can be given both Regidron from a pharmacy and ordinary boiled water. You should drink in small portions throughout the day, and the volume of water is taken at the rate of 10 ml per kilogram of weight.

Also, if a child develops this type of diarrhea at the age of 3, the diet should be adjusted. At the age of three, it differs from that recommended for infants. Older children are advised to consume only bananas, apples, rice boiled in water, and crackers in the very first days of the onset of intestinal dysfunction. When the acute form of the disease passes, it will be possible to replenish the menu with sour-milk and flour products, boiled vegetables and low-fat boiled meat. To restore the microflora, it is also useful to give babies natural yoghurts with bifido- and lactobacilli.

Before taking measures to eliminate diarrhea, you need to identify the cause of the disease. Diarrhea is caused by various factors. The use of unfamiliar foods and liquids for the body is capable of provoking loose stools. In the latter case, you will need to adjust the diet, the symptoms will disappear.

Sometimes the causes of frequent loose stools can be serious illness. Salmonellosis, dysentery, viral infection are accompanied by diarrhea. Doctors often diagnose viral diarrhea caused by rotavirus.

Causes of loose stools:

Reaction to medications;
Lactose intolerance in a newborn;
Food poisoning;
A similar reaction of the body develops from emotional overstrain.

Children under two years of age experience discomfort during teething. When taking antibiotics side reaction becomes severe diarrhea.

In the first years of a baby's life, it is difficult to determine the onset of diarrhea from the usual liquid stool. If the baby is breastfed, then the feces have a porridge-like consistency, which is the norm.

Young parents begin to sound the alarm, due to their inexperience. It is important to know and be able to distinguish the normal state of affairs from pathology.

Pediatricians highlight several options when the stool is normal, do not worry:

In the first weeks of life, the baby will defecate up to eight times a day. The discharge is yellow, has a sour, milky smell. If the baby has white lumps in the stool, do not worry, therefore, digestive system trying to normalize his work, get used to the new conditions of life;
from the age of two months, stool occurs much less frequently - up to five times a day. The secretions themselves become more solid, acquire a dark color.

As new foods are introduced into the child's diet, the stool changes, becomes thicker, and changes color. Pediatricians identify several main causes of diarrhea in a baby without fever and vomiting.

Diet violation

Loose stools or diarrhea: how to distinguish

Parents should distinguish between loose stools and diarrhea in a child without fever.

There seems to be absolutely no difference between the two. We have long been accustomed to calling liquid feces diarrhea.

But, in official medicine still share these two concepts. So what is their difference? Loose stools, like diarrhea, are watery in nature and can last up to several weeks.

Types of diarrhea in a child

The most common is a lack of lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose into simple sugars. Congenital deficiency makes it impossible to eat mother's milk and dairy products. Therefore, the child is transferred to an artificial mixture without lactose. Symptoms: liquid stools with foam, bloating, intestinal colic, intestinal gases with a sour smell.

Doctors say that diarrhea in children is provoked by infectious and non-infectious factors.

Diarrhea is divided into functional and organic. Functional disorder is characterized by the absence of a violation of the structure digestive organs. With organic diarrhea, there are changes in the structure of the digestive organs.

According to the severity of the course, there are types of diarrhea - acute and chronic.

Acute

Most often acute diarrhea occurs in children whose age is too small, due to the lack of elementary sanitary and hygienic skills in the baby, due to weak defense mechanisms. Often, the baby acquires symptoms of the disease through dirty hands, in contact with contaminated toys, pets.

If a little one and a half years old, it is impossible for him to explain the rules of personal hygiene. But three year old Basic hygiene habits should be taught, including washing hands before eating and after going to the toilet.

acute form disease is accompanied by fever, abdominal pain. Such diarrhea resolves after 3 days with adequate treatment.

Chronic

Why does it happen to babies

Acute

Chronic

The baby's stool - the quantity, texture, color and smell of stools - is significantly different from the stool of a child after a year or an adult. What may be considered a pathology for an adult is normal for a newborn.

The baby's feces are loose and unformed. crumb food, mother's milk or an adapted mixture, has a liquid consistency, therefore, his feces cannot be thick - they are liquid (with insufficient enzyme activity - with grains of curdled milk) or mushy.

emergency measures in children older than 1 month, the child is soldered with an electrolyte solution, a decoction of chamomile. The liquid is given regularly, in small portions.

Babies after 6 months can be given dried fruit compote. Children on breastfeeding breasts are often offered. You need to water the baby in any case, even if it turns out to be done through force.

Diarrhea without fever in babies under 6 months of age who are breastfed is often associated with the mother's diet. In this case, diarrhea can be stopped by correcting the woman's diet. Laxative products are excluded from the menu: beets, kefir. The cause of diarrhea in infants may be fatty, fried foods with an abundance of preservatives, which the mother used.

The main remedy for the treatment of diarrhea, not complicated by infection, is a saline solution. It is impossible to stop diarrhea at this age, you can only prevent its consequences. Sometimes the treatment is carried out with absorbent agents:

Smecta;
Polysorb;
Novosmectin.

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Diarrhea in children is a common reason for young parents to visit a pediatrician. Diarrhea is characterized by liquid, frequent stool. Indigestion in itself is not a disease, diarrhea is characteristic symptom diseases gastrointestinal tract or other diseases.

Diarrhea is a common pathology in young children, due to the imperfection of their digestive and immune nervous systems. Any change in diet, taking certain medications, even stress can cause diarrhea. It is important to immediately identify the provoking factor, immediately eliminate it. Do not self-medicate, consult a pediatrician.

In addition to all the above means, a good method is to follow a diet. Subject to all the conditions and rules, the baby will quickly come to his senses and recover from the illness.

In addition to the treatment and diet used, it is necessary to provide the child with maximum comfort. Often during diarrhea in babies, the anus is irritated.

The children begin to cry and complain of pain. Use wet wipes instead of toilet paper for your baby during this period.

Periodically wash the child and lubricate the anus with fatty substances. It can be petroleum jelly, Bepanten cream, Panthenol ointment, and so on.

All of them have a softening, regenerating and anti-irritant effect.

Provide your child bed rest. Of course, two-year-old crumbs will not be able to sit still for a long time even during illness.

However, the more their body will rest from physical activity the faster the recovery will come. Be patient and don't get irritated.

Your baby is now much harder than you. Take your baby in your arms more often and talk about how much you love him.

Such care will help you recover from the disease faster.

For the duration of diarrhea, exclude any walks. Wash your baby's hands often. Use antibacterial compounds for this. If your baby has stomach flu, keep your baby away from other family members. If there are other children in the house, then it is worth spending preventive actions for them. Most often, a course of immunomodulators is prescribed.

diarrhea symptoms

The main symptom is increased, thinning of the stool in the baby. In addition to the obvious sign, diarrhea is accompanied by:

bloating;
False urge to empty;
Lack of appetite;
General weakness;
Nausea, vomiting;
The baby has tearfulness, anxiety, refusal of food.

Symptoms are partially present or absent at all.

Without fever, diarrhea is due to malnutrition or allergies.

If the baby's stool seems liquid to you, but at the same time the baby feels good - he eats enough, sleeps calmly, gains weight and develops in accordance with his age - then you should not worry.

The cause for concern may be concomitant symptoms:

stool frequent, uncontrollable, liquid (like water), spurting;
the process of defecation is accompanied by flatulence, cramping pains;
stool changes color - becomes green, with blood streaks or blood;
flakes, mucus or foam appear in it;
the smell of stool changes - it can be putrid, fetid;
the child's body temperature rises, there may be vomiting;
the baby cries, refuses to eat, sleeps poorly, loses weight dramatically.

If you observe such symptoms in your child, urgently go with him to the pediatrician or call an ambulance.

These signs indicate a digestive disorder, referred to in medicine as diarrhea, and in the people as diarrhea. A condition that is especially dangerous specifically for infants, since liquefaction and frequent stools lead to a rapid loss of a tiny amount of fluid and nutrients. Which in a very short time entails asthenia and dehydration.

Diarrhea in an infant is determined by the signs:

watery, slightly colored consistency;
change in the smell of stools;
the volume of feces has increased;
frequency more than 10 times a day (in children from 3 months);
restless behavior, crying;
lethargy.

At the age of 6-7 months, the first teeth begin to cut. This process is often accompanied frequent bowel movements, abundant flow of saliva, redness of the gums. The disorder of the stool is explained by the fact that babies during the period of teething pull various objects into their mouths.

In addition to diarrhea, parents may also notice an increase in body temperature, the child becomes irritable and capricious, he may have a stomach ache, colic or gas can accumulate.

Usually, along with changes in the stool, parents notice other symptoms in the child.

Temperature

Diarrhea is rarely the only symptom, and the presence of other changes helps to establish the cause of loose stools.

What to treat?

Diarrhea in children dangerous symptom, as the body loses a lot of fluid and salt necessary for proper functioning. First of all, the parent must restore the water and electrolyte balance through rehydration.

Then you can try to stop the diarrhea. Do not forget that only a doctor prescribes adequate treatment.

The doctor will tell you what to do to cure little patient.

Medical

If the patient has diarrhea, you need to drink saline solution. It is permissible to use a drug purchased at a pharmacy: Regidron, Oralit, Enterodez.

If diarrhea is accompanied by fever, it is necessary to take antipyretic drugs that contain paracetamol. fever one year old baby- better to use rectal suppositories. Older children take suspensions. You can take baby paracetamol. In a year, the patient is allowed to take Nurofen as an antipyretic.

You can treat diarrhea by taking sorbents that help remove toxins from the body. For example, activated carbon, Smecta, Polysorb, Neosmectin. Smecta is recommended for children from birth, one diluted package is enough for 3 doses. A two-year-old baby is offered 1 sachet twice a day.

Dysbacteriosis will cause the appointment of bacteriophages and probiotics: Acipol, Linex, Enterol, Bifidumbacterin.

At intestinal infections the doctor prescribes a course of antibiotics: Meronem, Kanamycin, Ciprofloxacin. Parents should not make an independent decision - to give the baby an antibiotic. This appointment is made by a doctor.

When breastfeeding, it is acceptable to give an infant's electrolyte solution to replenish fluid reserves.

How to treat diarrhea without fever, if it appeared in a 9-month-old baby and older children, the specialist will tell you.

Usually assigned to them drug treatment includes:

sorbents (Smecta, Polyphepan, Enterodez);
gastric lavage weak solution potassium permanganate or simply boiled water;
enzymes (Pancreatin, Mezim);
antibiotics of the fluoroquinol series or cephalosporins (Cefotaxime, Ciprofloxacin, etc.) are prescribed if the child feels unwell, if diarrhea lasts three days or more;
plentiful drink mineral water, Regidron, saline solutions.

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Treatment of diarrhea that is not accompanied by fever in children occurs depending on what caused it. If it's about infectious diseases, enzyme deficiency, dysbacteriosis, then it usually consists in drug treatment.

What to do with diarrhea in the baby? There are several important principles in the treatment of diarrhea.

First aid for diarrhea in the baby

Parents should know what measures they must take to alleviate the condition of the baby.

If diarrhea does not interfere general condition child, is not accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever and other signs of the disease, parents can independently take the following measures:

Sparing diet. The nutrition of a child with diarrhea should exclude the use of dairy and fermented milk products, fruit juices, fatty meats and fish, fried, smoked and spicy dishes, vegetables and fruits rich in fiber (cabbage, legumes, radishes, etc.), broths, muffins and sweets. All meals must consist of boiled and/or steamed foods. The child can be offered porridge cooked in water, lean varieties meat or poultry, baked apples, bananas, crackers, mashed potatoes on the water.
Drinking regime. In young children, diarrhea especially quickly leads to dehydration. In this regard, parents of infants (as well as children of any age) should monitor the replenishment of fluid in the body of the child with diarrhea. In case of diarrhea, children can drink boiled water, unsweetened compote, a decoction of dried fruits and raisins. Also apply pharmaceuticals containing the necessary salts: "Rehydron", "Glucosan", etc.
Restoration of microflora digestive tract . There are many types of drugs for the treatment of dysbacteriosis, which include bifidobacteria, necessary for normal operation Child's gastrointestinal tract. These are drugs such as Linex, Bifiform, Biogaya, etc.
Reception of enterosorbents. Preparations of this group contribute to the removal of toxins from the child's body, pathogenic microorganisms and their metabolic products. These are drugs such as: Enterosgel, activated carbon, Laktofiltrum, Smekta, Enterodez, etc.

If the diarrhea does not stop within two days, as well as in the case of other symptoms of the disease, parents should immediately seek medical help. Only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe proper treatment to kid.

Prevention of the disorder

To reduce the likelihood of diarrhea, it is enough to follow the recommendations:

Meals - regular and varied, without hard-to-digest components.
Do not forget to wash, boil and peel vegetables, meat and fruits.
Teach your child to follow the basic rules of personal hygiene.
When buying products in the store, pay attention to the expiration date.
Maintain a calm psychological environment in the family.

The digestive system in children is sensitive to changes in nutrition. Therefore, new foods should be introduced into the diet in small portions. If the child has vomited from food, then gastric lavage and taking activated charcoal will help get rid of diarrhea and vomiting. Dieting, clean hands and fresh food are a guarantee of a healthy digestive tract. It is impossible to treat a child on your own without consulting a specialist!

Among preventive measures, which will help parents to protect the baby from the development of diarrhea of any etiology in him, can be called the following:

observance of hygiene rules by all family members;
proper nutrition of a nursing mother or, if the child is bottle-fed, a properly selected high-quality mixture, compliance with portion sizes and feeding regimen according to the age of the crumbs;
prevention of overfeeding and overheating of the child;
compliance with the rules for the introduction of complementary foods;
exclusion of contacts of the crumbs with those infected with any viruses, sick family members or acquaintances;
strengthening the baby's immunity.

Forecasts

Diarrhea in infants and the resulting dehydration require a quick response. Only on condition accurate diagnosis and timely treatment, prognosis for intestinal disorders favorable in the neonatal period.

The rapid loss of fluid and the leaching of salts during diarrhea very quickly lead to dehydration of the child's body. At the same time, the water-electrolyte balance is disturbed and the level of blood acidity increases - metabolic acidosis develops, which can cause shock and coma at the baby.

Prolonged diarrhea in children under one year old or chronic can lead to demineralization and hypovitaminosis, anemia.