Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract treatment. Airway inflammation, symptoms and treatment

The ingress of a foreign body into the ear, nose, pharynx, trachea is most often observed in children and often poses a real threat to life (especially in the case of foreign bodies in the respiratory tract). First aid for a stuck foreign body is very important. In some cases, when a stuck foreign body threatens the life of the patient (for example, disrupts breathing), the patient should be given immediate medical attention and try to remove the foreign body. In other cases (when the foreign body does not interfere with breathing and cannot be easily removed), it is not necessary to try to remove the foreign body, but the patient should be taken to the hospital as soon as possible.

First aid for a foreign body in the ear

It is far from always possible to remove a foreign body from the ear on its own, but sometimes it is still possible. So, for example, if you are one hundred percent sure that a living insect has got into your ear, then drip a warm solution of vaseline oil or glycerin into it as soon as possible. Most often, three to four drops are enough for the insect to be destroyed under the influence of an oxygen-free environment. Remember, the oil temperature should be thirty-seven to thirty-nine degrees. Don't worry if you feel like your ear is stuffed up for a while. This phenomenon is already due to oil, and not the presence of an insect. So, after such manipulations, the insect dies after three to four minutes. Once this happens, take a tissue, tilt your head to the affected side, and place the tissue to your ear. Stay in this position for fifteen to twenty minutes. That is how long it takes for the oil to be able to flow out. Most often, along with the oil, a dead insect also comes out. Even if there is no insect body on the napkin, ask someone to examine your ear. During such an examination, the body will in any case be seen, and, therefore, you can easily remove it with a cotton swab. It is very important in this case to remove the entire body completely, leaving not the slightest part of it in the ear. Otherwise, an inflammatory process may develop. When removing a foreign body from the ear, the most important thing is not to use any small tools such as tweezers or tweezers. The use of these items may cause the foreign body to push further into the ear canal. Getting it out of there will be even harder. In such cases, experts recommend using very thin objects with an unsharpened end. It can be a hairpin or the reverse side of the needle. However, these items must be used with extreme caution so as not to damage the eardrum.

Nasal congestion is a symptom in which it is difficult (or impossible) to inhale and exhale through the nasal passages, as a result of which a person breathes through the mouth more often. This symptom is also called obstructed nasal breathing. Folk remedies for nasal congestion will greatly facilitate the condition of nasal breathing.

Causes of a stuffy nose

Distinguish between temporary and prolonged nasal congestion. The causes of nasal congestion are considered depending on the duration of the course of this symptom. Temporary nasal congestion is usually caused by SARS or allergic reactions. In this case, breathing normalizes within a week. The causes of nasal congestion are chronic diseases of the nasal passages and paranasal sinuses:

Pharyngitis is a disease that is characterized by inflammation of the mucous surface (shell) of the pharynx, as well as lymphoid tissue. The causative agents of this disease are: bacteria (streptococci, pneumococci, staphylococci), viruses (adenovirus, influenza), fungi of the genus Candida. There are two types: chronic and acute pharyngitis.

A recent runny nose, flu or acute respiratory infections can cause a disease such as sinusitis. Severe headache, constantly stuffy nose, copious discharge from the nose - signs on the face - you have sinusitis. About 30% of all pathologies of ENT organs are precisely this disease, which affects both adults and children. Sinusitis is a chronic or acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary sinuses. Like many other diseases, sinusitis can be acute or chronic. Cause sinusitis various infections that have penetrated into the maxillary sinuses, as well as viruses, staphylococci, mycoplasmas, streptococci, fungi, chlamydia, Haemophilus influenzae.

Causes of sinusitis

One of the most common causes of this disease are infections that penetrate into the so-called maxillary sinuses, causing them to become inflamed. Sinusitis can also occur as an independent disease, but most often it is a complication after infectious diseases transferred to the wound: acute respiratory infections, tonsillitis, influenza, inflammation of the tonsils. Causes of sinusitis can be a bad tooth, an allergy or a deviated septum. One of the causes of sinusitis in children is adenoids, which are a source of constant infections.

Bronchitis is a common respiratory disease that often occurs in humans. Bronchitis primarily affects the mucous membrane lining the surface of the bronchi. Most often, bronchitis occurs due to the ingestion of any infection in the body. The cause can be both viral and bacterial, and atypical flora.

Who gets bronchitis and how?

For the most part, bronchitis develops as a complication after a cold or SARS. Can contribute to the emergence of:

- sudden and severe hypothermia
- staying in a room with high humidity for a long time
- bad habits, especially smoking
- chronic diseases that weaken the body
- long stay in a room contaminated with harmful substances.

Laryngitis (the term comes from the Greek larynx - larynx) is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx. Often, the inflammatory process affects the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx or passes to the deeper tissues of the trachea and bronchus. The disease can occur in acute or chronic form.

Symptoms of laryngitis

In acute laryngitis, the patient experiences a sore throat, perspiration; his voice "sits down" - it becomes hoarse and rough, it can completely disappear. To the cough, which is dry at the beginning, scanty sputum, which is coughed up with difficulty, is gradually added, which later becomes more abundant and begins to move easily. General malaise is sometimes accompanied by headache and fever. Nonspecific laryngitis symptoms are tachycardia, cyanosis, anxiety, autonomic disorders, rapid breathing, etc. The duration of the disease varies from several days to several weeks. At the same time, hoarseness of the voice and even its persistent loss can continue for a long time.

This disease is usually accompanied by a rather intense cough. Sometimes it is very painful.

The treatment of bronchitis is to eliminate the pathogen, stop the inflammation, and also remove the resulting sputum.

Every mother dreams of seeing her child healthy and happy. Unfortunately, in cold weather, it is quite difficult to protect the baby from colds. Significant efforts are required to achieve this desire. At first glance, the onset of a runny nose in a child is a small nuisance. But, the resulting nasal congestion negatively affects the general well-being, and may be the first sign of a viral infection.

What is a runny nose?

Runny nose is a disease that causes inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. In most cases, a runny nose in an infant or older toddler is the main symptom of an illness: a viral infection, influenza, measles, diphtheria, or the common cold. Usually, the duration of rhinitis (runny nose) is from 7 to 12 days.

Quite often, a person suffers from inflammation of the respiratory tract. The provoking factors are hypothermia or, SARS, influenza, various infectious diseases. If timely treatment is not started, everything can end in serious complications. Is it possible to prevent the inflammatory process? What treatments are available? Is respiratory inflammation dangerous?

The main symptoms of inflammation of the respiratory tract

Symptoms of the disease will depend on the individual characteristics of the patient's body and the degree of damage to the respiratory tract. We can distinguish such general signs that appear during the introduction of the virus. It often leads to severe intoxication of the body:

The temperature rises.
There is a severe headache.
Sleep is disturbed.
Appetite decreases.
There is nausea, which ends with vomiting.

In severe cases, the patient has an excited and inhibited state, consciousness is upset, a convulsive state is observed. Separately, it is worth noting the signs that depend on which particular organ is affected:

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa (rhinitis). First there is a severe runny nose, the patient constantly sneezes, his nasal breathing is difficult.
Inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa (). The patient has a strong perspiration in the throat, the patient cannot swallow.
Inflammation of the larynx (laryngitis). The patient is disturbed by a strong cough, the voice is hoarse.
Tonsillitis (tonsillitis). There is severe pain when swallowing, the tonsils also increase significantly, the mucous membrane reddens.
Inflammation of the trachea (tracheitis). In this case, he suffers from a dry cough that does not go away within a month.

Symptoms also depend on the pathogen that provoked the disease. If the inflammation of the respiratory tract is caused by influenza, the patient's temperature rises to 40 degrees, he does not fall for three days. In this case, symptoms of rhinitis, tracheitis are most often observed.

If the respiratory disease is caused by parainfluenza, the temperature rises no higher than 38 degrees for about 2 days. Symptoms are moderate. With parainfluenza, laryngitis most often develops.

Separately, it is worth noting adenovirus infection, which affects the respiratory tract. It most often occurs in the form of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, the digestive system and eyes are also affected.

Medical treatment of airway inflammation

The attending physician in the inflammatory process prescribes:

Antiseptic drugs - Chlorhexidine, Hexetidine, Timol, etc.
Antibiotics - Framycetin, Fusafunzhin, Polymyxin.
Sulfonamides can be combined with anesthetics - Lidocoin, Menthol, Tetracaine.
Hemostatic drugs, this group of drugs contains plant extracts, sometimes bee products.
Antiviral drugs - Interferon, Lysozyme.
Vitamins A, B, C.

Bioparox - antibacterial agent

An antibiotic has proven itself well, it releases in the form of an aerosol, it can be used to effectively cure acute respiratory tract infections. Due to the fact that Bioparox contains aerosol particles, it acts immediately on all organs of the respiratory tract, therefore it has a complex effect. Bioparox can be used to treat acute rhinosinusitis, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis, laryngitis.

Gestetidine is an antifungal drug.

This is the best medicine for the treatment of inflammation in the pharynx. The drug is released in the form of an aerosol solution for rinsing. Hexetidine is a low-toxic agent, so it can be used to treat infants. In addition to the antimicrobial action, Hexetidine has an analgesic effect.

Alternative methods of treatment of inflammation of the respiratory tract

Recipes for the treatment of rhinitis

Fresh beet juice. Drip 6 drops of fresh beet juice, you need to do this in the morning, afternoon and evening. It is also recommended to use beetroot decoction for instillation of the nose.
Boiled potatoes. Cut boiled potatoes into several parts: one is applied to the forehead, the other two parts to the sinuses.
Soda inhalation. Take 500 ml of water, add 2 tablespoons, if there is no allergy, you can add eucalyptus oil - 10 drops. The procedure is carried out at night.

Recipes for the treatment of tonsillitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis

Lemon. Eat one lemon at once with the peel, before that cut it. You can add sugar or honey.
Herbal collection is used for gargling. It is necessary to take pharmacy chamomile - 2 tablespoons, eucalyptus leaves - 2 tablespoons, lime blossom - 2 tablespoons, flaxseeds - a tablespoon. Means to insist for half an hour. Gargle up to 5 times a day.
Propolis infusion. Crushed propolis - pour 10 grams in half a glass of alcohol. Leave everything for a week. Rinse three times a day. When treating, drink tea with honey and herbs.
Egg yolk remedy. It is necessary to take the yolk - 2 eggs, beat it with sugar until foam forms. With the help of the tool, you can quickly get rid of a hoarse voice.
Dill seeds. It is necessary to take 200 ml of boiling water and brew dill seeds in it - a tablespoon. Leave for about 30 minutes. Drink after eating no more than two tablespoons.
Curd compress on the throat will help relieve inflammation, irritation from the throat. After a few procedures, you will feel better.

So, in order to avoid the inflammatory process of the respiratory organs, it is necessary to treat a cold in a timely manner. Do not think that the disease will go away on its own. If you start a runny nose, the bacteria from your nose will start to descend. First they will be in the nose, then in the pharynx, then in the larynx, trachea and bronchi. Everything can end with pneumonia (pneumonia). To prevent complications, it is necessary to take measures at the first symptoms, and do not forget to consult a doctor.

Preferanskaya Nina Germanovna
Art. Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology, MMA them. THEM. Sechenov, Ph.D.

The duration of treatment is halved when starting treatment in the first 2 hours after the first clinical signs of an acute inflammatory process appear, while starting treatment after only a day from the first symptoms of the disease increases both the duration of treatment and the number of drugs used. Topical drugs show a faster initial effect than systemic drugs. The use of these drugs allows early treatment, they also affect the prodramal period of the disease and have a preventive effect on patients. Recently, the effectiveness of these drugs has significantly increased, the spectrum of their activity has expanded, the selective tropism and bioavailability have improved, while maintaining their high safety.

Drugs with mucolytic and expectorant action

The evacuation of accumulated sputum and the relief of breathing are facilitated by herbal preparations containing active substances from thermopsis, marshmallow, licorice, creeping thyme (thyme), fennel, anise oil, etc. Currently, combined preparations of plant origin are especially popular. Widely used drugs: containing thyme - bronchicum(elixir, syrup, lozenges), tussamag(syrup and drops), stoptussin syrup, bronchitis; containing licorice, syrups - doctor MOM, linkas; containing guaifenesin ( ascoril, coldrex-broncho). Pertussin, has expectorant and cough softening properties: it enhances the secretion of the bronchi and accelerates the evacuation of sputum. Contains liquid thyme extract or liquid thyme extract 12 parts each and potassium bromide 1 part. Prospan, Gedelix, Tonsilgon, contain ivy leaf extract. In the assortment of pharmacies there are lozenges with sage, lozenges with sage and vitamin C. Fervex cough medicine containing ambroxol. Tussamag balm for colds, contains pine bud and eucalyptus oil. It has anti-inflammatory and expectorant action. Apply for rubbing into the skin of the chest and back 2-3 times a day.

Erespal is produced in the form of coated tablets containing 80 mg of fenspiride hydrochloride and syrup - 2 mg of fenspiride hydrochloride per 1 ml. The preparation contains licorice root extract. Erespal counteracts bronchoconstriction and has an anti-inflammatory effect in the respiratory tract, involving various interested mechanisms, has a papaverine-like antispasmodic effect. It reduces swelling of the mucous membrane, improves sputum discharge and reduces sputum hypersecretion. For children, the drug is prescribed in the form of a syrup at the rate of 4 mg / kg of body weight per day, i.e. children weighing up to 10 kg 2-4 teaspoons of syrup (10-20 ml) per day, more than 10 kg - 2-4 tablespoons of syrup (30-60 ml) per day.

These drugs are used for productive cough, for acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, as well as for complications (tracheitis, bronchitis) and for chronic obstructive respiratory diseases.

Drugs with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic action
Falimint, Toff plus, Agisept, Fervex, Dr. Theiss with echinacea extract and etc.

Coldrex LariPlus, a combination drug of prolonged action. Chlorpheniramine has an anti-allergic effect, eliminates lacrimation, itching in the eyes and nose. Paracetamol has an antipyretic and analgesic effect: it reduces the pain syndrome observed in colds - sore throat, headache, muscle and joint pain, reduces high temperature. Phenylephrine has a vasoconstrictive effect - reduces swelling and hyperemia of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and paranasal sinuses. Preparations similar in composition and pharmacological action Coldrex, Coldrex Hotrem, Coldex Teva.

Rinza contains 4 active ingredients: paracetamol + chlorpheniramine + caffeine + mezaton. Has a wide range of action. It is used for colds of the upper respiratory tract, accompanied by fever, headache, runny nose.

Preparations with antibacterial, antimicrobial action

Bioparox, Ingalipt, Grammidin, Hexaral, Stopangin and etc.

Among antibacterial drugs, Locabiotal (Bioparox) in the form of an aerosol, a combined drug Polydex assigned to children from 2.5 years.

Gramicidin C(grammidin) polypeptide antibiotic, increases the permeability of the microbial cell membrane and disrupts its resistance, which leads to the death of microbes. Increases salivation and cleansing of the oropharynx from microorganisms and inflammatory exudate. When taking the drug, allergic reactions are possible, before use it is necessary to check for sensitivity.

Ingalipt aerosol for topical application containing soluble sulfonamides - streptocide and norsulfazol, which have an antimicrobial effect on gram "+" and gram "--" bacteria. Eucalyptus oil and peppermint oil, thymol have a softening and anti-inflammatory effect.

For the prevention of influenza and viral rhinitis, oxolinic ointment is used. 0.25% ointment lubricates the nasal mucosa in the morning and evening during the influenza epidemic and in contact with patients, the duration of use is set individually (up to 25 days).

Pharyngosept contains in 1 tablet 10 mg ambazone monohydrate, applied perlintually (sucking). The tablet dissolves slowly in the mouth. The optimal therapeutic concentration in saliva is achieved when taking 3-5 tablets per day for 3-4 days. Adults: 3-5 tablets per day for 3-4 days. Children 3-7 years: 1 tablet daily 3 times a day. Used to treat diseases of the ENT organs. It has a bacteriostatic effect on streptococci and pneumococci, has antimicrobial activity, without affecting E. coli.

Preparations with antiseptic action

Geksoral, Yoks, Lizobakt, Strepsils, Sebidin, Neo-angin N, Grammidin with an antiseptic, Antisept-angin, Astrasept, Fervex for sore throat, etc.

Septolete, lozenges for complete resorption containing benzalkonium chloride, which has a wide spectrum of action. Effective primarily against gram-positive bacteria. It also has a powerful fungicidal effect on Candida albicans and on some lipophilic viruses, pathogenic microorganisms that cause infections of the mouth and throat. Benzalkonium chloride contains the drug Tantum Verde.

Laripront for the treatment of inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth, throat and larynx. The composition of the drug includes two active ingredients: lysozyme hydrochloride and dequalinium chloride. Thanks to lysozyme, a natural mucosal protective factor, the drug has antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal effects. Dequalinium is a local antiseptic that increases the sensitivity of infectious agents to lysozyme and facilitates the penetration of the latter into tissues. Assign adults 1 tablet, children 1/2 tablet every 2 hours after meals, keep the tablets in the mouth until completely resorbed. Apply until the symptoms of the disease disappear. For the purpose of prevention, the dose of the drug is reduced to half or up to 1, twice a day.

original classic version Strepsils(Strepsils), containing amylmetacresol, dichlorobenzyl alcohol and oils of anise, peppermint, is available in lozenges. Has an antiseptic effect. Strepsils with honey and lemon soothes irritation in the throat. They produce Strepsils with vitamin C and Strepsils without sugar with lemon and herbs. Using a combination of menthol and eucalyptus soothes a sore throat and reduces nasal congestion.

Drugs with local anesthetic action

Strepsils plus, is a combination preparation containing the anesthetic lidocaine for rapid pain relief and two broad-spectrum antiseptic agents to treat infection. Lozenges provide long-lasting local anesthetic effect - up to 2 hours, effectively relieve pain, while suppressing the activity of respiratory pathogens.

Pastilles Drill, indicated for use in adults and children over 12 years old, contain in one lozenge tetracaine hydrochloride 200 mcg as an anesthetic that soothes pain and chlorhexidine bigluconate 3 mg as an anesthetic to suppress infection.

Drugs with anti-inflammatory effect

Faringomed used as a symptomatic remedy for acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (tonsillitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis). The drug reduces the severity of disorders such as sore throat, swelling of the mucous membranes, itching and irritation in the nose; facilitates nasal breathing. Take one caramel - keep in your mouth until completely dissolved. Children under 5 years of age should take the drug no more than four times a day, the rest - no more than six. In case of exacerbation of chronic tonsillitis or pharyngitis, not accompanied by high fever and acute sore throat, 2 doses of the drug per day are enough - one caramel in the morning and in the evening for 7-10 days.

Sea buckthorn, Dr. Theiss lozenges, have general strengthening properties. They contain calcium and magnesium to normalize energy metabolism, the process of formation of enzymes in the body. Blackcurrant, Dr. Theiss lozenges, have a beneficial effect on throat irritation, supplement the daily intake of vitamin C. Contain natural blackcurrant extract. Phytopastiles with Dr. Theiss honey, have a beneficial effect on coughs, throat irritation, hoarseness, upper respiratory tract colds. Refresh the mouth.

Strepfen- a drug for sore throat containing the anti-inflammatory agent flurbiprofen 0.75 mg in lozenges. Reduces the inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the throat, eliminates pain. The duration of the effect is 3 hours.

Having a mixed, combined effect

Pharyngosept, Carmolis, Solutan, Faringopils, Carmolis lozenges, Foringolid, Travesil and etc.

The complex bronchosecretolytic drug Bronchosan contains essential oils that have an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect, and anise and fennel oils enhance the expectorant effect of Bromhexine, increasing the activity of the ciliated epithelium and the evacuation function of the respiratory tract.

Anti-angin, has a bactericidal, antifungal, local anesthetic and general tonic effect due to its active components: chlorhexidine is an antiseptic from the group of bis-biguanides that have a bactericidal effect against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, corynebacteria, influenza bacillus, klebsiella). Chlorhexidine also suppresses some groups of viruses. Tetracaine is an effective local anesthetic that quickly relieves or reduces the sensation of pain. Ascorbic acid plays an important role in the regulation of redox processes, carbohydrate metabolism, blood clotting, tissue regeneration, is involved in the synthesis of corticosteroids, collagen, and normalizes capillary permeability. It is a natural antioxidant, increases the body's resistance to infections.

The arsenal of drugs used for topical use in diseases of the upper respiratory tract is quite diverse and the sooner the patient starts using them, the faster he will cope with the infection without possible subsequent complications.

- these are ailments, usually denoted by the people by the concepts of "sore throat" and "something tormented by a runny nose." Nevertheless, in reality, everything is not so simple, because these are a number of different diseases with similar symptoms at first glance, but they are completely different in terms of course and approaches to their treatment.

Types and symptoms of diseases of the upper respiratory tract

Inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory include: tonsillitis, rhinitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, adenoiditis and tonsillitis.

These diseases are among the most common, periodically overcoming every fourth inhabitant of our planet. They are diagnosed all year round, but in Russia their peak falls in mid-September, mid-April. During this period, they are usually associated with acute respiratory viral infections. Let's consider each disease in more detail.

Rhinitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane covering the nasal cavity. It appears in two forms: acute and chronic form.

Cause acute rhinitis is a harmful effect on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity of infections of a bacterial or viral nature. This form of rhinitis is often a faithful companion of many infectious diseases akin to influenza, gonorrhea, diphtheria, scarlet fever, etc. With its development, swelling of the tissues of the nasal cavity is observed (in this case, the edema zone spreads in both halves of the nose). In most cases, the course of acute rhinitis occurs in three stages. At the first stage, lasting from 1-2 hours to 1-2 days, the patient feels severe itching and dryness in the nasal cavity, accompanied by frequent sneezing. All this, in addition, is accompanied by a headache, general malaise, deterioration of the sense of smell, fever, tearing of the eyes. The second stage will mark its arrival with the appearance (usually in large quantities) of clear discharge from the nose, difficulty breathing and nasal speech. Well, during the third stage, the previously clear and liquid discharge from the nose becomes purulent-mucous, after which it gradually disappears. It also gradually eases breathing.

Sinusitis. This disease consists in inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and in most cases is also a complication of the corresponding infectious diseases. For example, these could be: scarlet fever, the same acute rhinitis, influenza, measles, etc. Like the previous disease, sinusitis has two forms: acute and chronic. The acute form, in turn, is divided into catarrhal and purulent sinusitis, and chronic purulent, edematous-polyposis and mixed sinusitis.

If we talk about the symptoms of acute and chronic forms of sinusitis, manifested during periods of exacerbations, then they are almost identical. The most typical symptoms include fever, malaise, frequent headache, copious nasal discharge, nasal congestion (most often on one side only). One, several or all of the paranasal sinuses become inflamed, and other diseases associated with them are isolated. If only some of the paranasal sinuses become inflamed, then there is ethmoiditis, aerosinusitis, sphenoiditis, sinusitis or frontitis. If inflammatory processes affect all the nasal sinuses (on one or both sides), then this disease is called pansinusitis.

Adenoids. This is an increase in the size of the nasopharyngeal tonsil, which occurs due to hyperplasia of its tissue. Recall that the nasopharyngeal tonsil is a formation located in the vault of the nasopharynx and is part of the lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring. As a rule, adenoiditis affects children aged 3 to 10 years, and it is a consequence of infectious diseases such as scarlet fever, influenza, measles etc.

One of the first symptoms of adenoiditis is shortness of breath and copious mucous discharge from the nasal cavity. In turn, difficulty breathing causes poor sleep, fatigue, hearing loss, lethargy and memory problems, reduced school performance, nasal twang and systematic headaches.

If the disease is critically launched, then the patient's nasolabial folds can be smoothed out, provoking the appearance of the so-called "adenoid" facial expression. In addition, laryngospasms are formed, twitching of the muscles of the face begins to appear, and in especially neglected cases, deformation of the chest and facial part of the skull occurs. All this happens against the background of constant coughing and shortness of breath, sometimes anemia develops.

Chronic tonsillitis. The disease occurs due to inflammation of the palatine tonsils, which has flowed into a chronic form. Chronic tonsillitis most often occurs in children, and it practically does not threaten people of retirement age.

pathogens chronic tonsillitis- bacterial and fungal infections that affect the palatine tonsils, the harmful activity of which is aggravated by adverse environmental influences (air pollution, cold), a gross violation of the diet, as well as other independent diseases (caries, purulent sinusitis, adenoiditis or hypertrophic rhinitis). Prolonged contact of pathogenic microflora with the palatine tonsils, aggravated by the general weakness of the body, often causes chronic tonsillitis. In the case of its development, some noticeable changes occur in the palatine tonsils: keratinization of the epithelium begins, the formation of dense plugs in the lacunae, proliferation of connective tissues, softening of the lymphoid tissue, impaired lymphatic outflow from the tonsils, and inflammation of the regional lymph nodes. In addition, there is a violation of the receptor functions of the tonsils. Chronic tonsillitis divided into two forms: compensated and decompensated.

Angina (scientific name: acute tonsillitis). It is an acute inflammation, in most cases affecting the palatine tonsils, as well as the lingual and pharyngeal tonsils, larynx or lateral ridges. This is a “traditional” childhood disease, but adults under the age of 35-40 are also affected. The main causative agents of angina include microorganisms such as fungi of the genus Candida, staphylococci, streptococci, and so on.

Factors contributing to the development of angina are hypothermia and overheating, mechanical damage to the tonsils, a decrease in the body's defenses, smoke and dustiness of the environment, etc. There are two main ways of infection with this disease: exogenous (most often) and endogenous. Infection by the exogenous route is carried out by airborne droplets, as well as by the alimentary route, as for endogenous infection, it occurs as a result of the presence of one or another focus of inflammation in the oral cavity or in the nasopharynx (diseases of the teeth and gums, chronic tonsillitis, etc.).

There are four types of angina:catarrhal, follicular, phlegmous and lacunar.

Symptoms catarrhal angina manifested on the first day of the disease are dry mouth and sore throat, accompanied by pain when swallowing. After that, the patient has an increase in temperature and a deterioration in general well-being, weakness and headaches occur. Primary examination of the pharynx reveals a slight swelling of the palatine tonsils (while changes in the posterior pharynx and soft palate are not observed). In addition to the symptoms described in patients with catarrhal angina, there is an increase in lymph nodes and a slight change in the composition of the blood.

As for follicular and lacunar forms of angina, then their manifestation is more acute. The first symptoms include chills, a sharp increase in temperature, sweating, headache, general weakness, loss of appetite, aching joints, an increase in the size of the lymph nodes and the appearance of pain in them. In addition, there is also a strong swelling of the palatine tonsils. In the case of the follicular form, festering follicles are clearly visible through the mucous membrane of the tonsils.

With lacunar angina, a yellow-white coating forms in the mouths of the lacunae, which eventually completely covers the tonsils. It should be noted that in its pure form, any of these forms of angina is extremely rare, in the vast majority of cases they occur "in pairs".

It is highly desirable to protect those who have a sore throat of any form, if possible, from any contact with other people (in particular, with children), since this disease is an acute infectious disease.

Lech enenie angina in most cases is carried out at home. To do this, antibiotics, local antimicrobial agents, antipyretic and tonic drugs are used.

Pharyngitis. This disease is an inflammation of the mucous membrane covering the surface of the pharynx. There are two forms of this disease:spicy and chronic pharyngitis.

sharp shape can be found both in the form of an independent disease, and as one of the accompanying phenomena in ARVI. To the unfavorable factors provoking the occurrence acute pharyngitis, can be attributed to: taking too cold or too hot food and drinks, inhaling cold or excessively polluted air.

Main symptoms acute pharyngitis the following: pain when swallowing, dryness in the throat and mouth. In most cases, there is no general deterioration in well-being, as well as an increase in body temperature. In the process of pharyngoscopy, inflammation of the posterior pharyngeal wall and palate can be detected. According to its symptoms, acute pharyngitis is somewhat similar to catarrhal tonsillitis (however, in the latter case, inflammation extends only to the palatine tonsils).

Treatment acute pharyngitis carried out by gargling with warm herbal decoctions and alkaline solutions that have an anti-inflammatory effect.

As for chronic pharyngitis, then it is often the result of ignoring the treatment of acute pharyngitis. Such an unpleasant transformation is largely facilitated by smoking, alcohol abuse, sinusitis, rhinitis, diseases of the digestive tract. For general symptoms chronic pharyngitis inherent in all patients include dryness and soreness in the throat, a feeling of a lump in the throat.

Laryngitis. A disease consisting in inflammation of the mucous membrane of the surface of the larynx. There are two forms of this disease:spicy and chronic laryngitis.

To the causes of acute laryngitis in most cases, excessive voice strain, severe hypothermia of the respiratory tract and individual independent diseases (whooping cough, influenza, measles, etc.) can be attributed.

In case of illness acute laryngitis there is inflammation of both the entire mucous surface of the larynx, and its individual sections. In the areas affected by inflammation, the mucous membrane swells and becomes bright red. In some cases, the inflammatory process can spread to the tracheal mucosa, causing the development of another disease - laryngotracheitis.

Ltreatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract

elimination or maximum possible reduction in the size of mucosal edema, as well as restoration of airway patency, for this, vasoconstrictor drugs or decongestants are used;
the use of topical antimicrobials (ointments, sprays, etc.); such remedies are most effective in the early stages of the disease; at later stages, they supplement and enhance (and sometimes replace) antibiotic therapy;
destruction of pathogenic bacterial microflora;
elimination of accumulation of mucous masses in the upper respiratory tract: they resort to the help of mucolytics containing carbocysteine or acetylcysteine, or herbal preparations.

It is also important to remember that the traditional treatment of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract is based on antibacterial drugs, most often oral.

The most common reason for seeking medical attention is the common cold. By this term, most average people mean diseases that are manifested by a runny nose and cough. But in fact, such ailments can be caused by a variety of factors, and even localized in different organs of the respiratory system. Let's take a look at the existing inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as the lower ones, in a little more detail on this page www.site.

List of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract

This group of diseases includes many diseases that are familiar to everyone and us since childhood. These are acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, rhinitis and pharyngitis, laryngitis and tracheitis. In addition, this group includes tonsillitis with tonsillitis, epiglottitis and sinusitis.

Inflammatory diseases of the lower respiratory tract

Such ailments are considered more complex, they often give complications and require more thorough treatment. These include bronchitis, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A little more about inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system

Angina is an inflammatory lesion of the respiratory tract, which is acute infectious in nature and is accompanied by lesions of the palatine tonsils. The inflammatory process with such an ailment can affect other accumulations of lymphadenoid tissue, for example, lingual, laryngeal and nasopharyngeal tonsils. Patients with angina complain of severe pain in the throat, their temperature increases, and when examining the throat, reddened tonsils, enlarged in size, become noticeable.

Rhinitis is an inflammatory lesion of the upper respiratory tract, which is localized on the mucous membranes of the nose. This disease can be both acute and chronic. This disease can develop after hypothermia or due to exposure to mechanical or chemical provoking factors. Also, rhinitis often occurs as a complication of other infectious diseases (with influenza, etc.).

Bronchitis is a disease of the lower respiratory tract, it is manifested by a dry cough. Initially, the patient develops a runny nose, then a dry cough occurs, which eventually becomes wet. Bronchitis can be triggered by an attack by viruses or bacteria.

ARI and SARS are ailments that we most often call the common cold. In such diseases, in most cases, the nasopharynx, trachea, and also the bronchial tree suffer.

Pneumonia is a disease of the lower respiratory tract that is localized in the lungs and can be caused by some infectious agent. Such a pathological condition is usually manifested by an increase in temperature up to thirty-nine degrees, the appearance of a wet cough, which is accompanied by copious sputum. Many patients also complain of shortness of breath and pain in the chest area.

Sinusitis is a fairly common disease of the upper respiratory tract, which is an inflammatory lesion of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses, as well as the nasal passages.

Rhinopharyngitis is one of the ailments of the respiratory system, in which there is inflammation of the upper region of the larynx, nasopharynx, as well as palatine arches, tonsils and uvula.

Laryngitis is a disease of the upper respiratory tract, which is manifested by an inflammatory lesion of the mucous membranes of the larynx.

Epiglottitis is another ailment of the respiratory system. It is an inflammatory lesion of the epiglottis.

Tracheitis is a fairly common disease in which the patient develops inflammation of the subglottic region, as well as the mucous membranes of the trachea.

Treatment of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system

Therapy of the above ailments is carried out by pulmonologists, as well as therapists. Most of them are quite treatable at home, but many patients with pneumonia and complicated bronchitis are offered to go to the inpatient department.
In a mild form, diseases of the respiratory system (especially the upper respiratory tract) are successfully eliminated in just a few days, and the need to use drugs does not always arise.

So, when symptoms of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract appear, it is recommended to eat lemon with honey, gargle with various solutions (salt and iodine solution, propolis or potassium permanganate solution, etc.) and herbal decoctions (etc.). For instillation into the nose, you can use honey water, aloe juice and beets. It is recommended to breathe over the steam of boiled potatoes, finely chopped onions and hot milk with soda. It is also worth drinking more liquids - ordinary water and various teas, for example, based on lime blossom, raspberries, etc.

If you have a suspicion of the development of inflammation of the lower respiratory tract, it is better to seek medical help. Bronchitis and pneumonia are most often treated with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotic formulations, the patient must adhere to bed rest and switch to diet food. The intake of drugs that thin the sputum and facilitate its excretion, as well as agents that allow to activate the activity of the immune system, is shown.

Most diseases of the respiratory system are quite amenable to self-treatment at home. However, if you suspect the development of pneumonia, you must definitely seek medical help.