Worm infestations in children: classification, symptoms, drug therapy, main anthelmintic drugs. Ways of infection of children

allergic reactions: pruritus, rashes and redness, swelling of all layers of the epidermis;
symptoms of general intoxication: feverish state, hyperthermia, chills;
pain in muscles and joints;
swollen lymph nodes;
feeling of lack of air when inhaling;
tremor of the upper and lower extremities, convulsions;
sore throat, dry cough;
pain in the cardiac region.

In most cases, helminths grow and multiply in gastrointestinal tract releasing toxic waste products. Therefore, children suffer from dyspeptic disorders- Nausea, bouts of vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, excessive gas formation.

Recommendation: “Parents should immediately consult a doctor if the baby began to refuse food. Weight loss, drowsiness, weakness, lethargy, decreased motor activity are among the main symptoms of helminthiasis.
For selection pharmacological preparations included in the therapeutic scheme, great importance also has a species classification:
Nematodosis. The cause of this pathology is roundworms: roundworm, whipworm, pinworms;
Cestodosis. The disease occurs after tapeworms enter the baby's body: a wide tapeworm, pork tapeworm;
Trematodosis. This type of helminthiasis is provoked by fluke worms: liver fluke, lung fluke, cat fluke.

Having penetrated into the baby's body, the vast majority of helminths (for example, pinworms and roundworms) inhabit all sections of the intestine. But doctors also distinguish tissue and hepatic helminthiases, which are difficult to diagnose and treat.
The danger of helminthic invasions for children
The likelihood that a child will be infected with helminths is very high. Therefore, in the event of any negative symptom, you should show the baby to the doctor. Most types of pathology are successfully disguised as various diseases of infectious or non-infectious origin. These signs make it difficult to diagnose, become the reason for untimely treatment. A particular danger of helminthiases lies in their chronicity and the development of severe consequences:
hepatitis, jaundice;
myopia, the appearance of strabismus;
pyoderma;
acute pulmonary insufficiency;
appendicitis;
neurological disorders, meningoencephalitis.

Warning: "Doctors state interesting fact- after infection with worms, the number of antibodies in vaccinated children decreases. It leads to sharp decline specific immunity and the body's resistance to infectious and fungal pathogens.

How can a child get worms?
Alimentary
This path is characterized by the penetration of eggs and larvae of helminths through oral cavity. Infection occurs after consumption of food or water. Children enjoy unwashed berries, fruits, vegetables and herbs. And often it is not enough to rinse the products under running water. Worm eggs are attached to them with a very sticky and durable substance that makes it difficult to remove them from the surface.
Raw fish, especially river fish, can become a source of helminth infection in children. It should be given to the child only after heat treatment. Worm larvae are often found even in fish:
dried;
dried;
smoked.

Contact household
nail biting;
thumb sucking.

The right approach to treatment
symptomatic, allowing to stop all signs of helminthiases;
etiotropic, contributing to the destruction of the cause of the disease.

IN rehabilitation period doctors prescribe for children medicines to restore the body, eliminate the developed complications.
Many types of helminths are found in the intestines of the baby in various forms corresponding to them life cycles. Therefore, drugs are used in the treatment a wide range actions. They destroy simultaneously adults, eggs and larvae. At the end of the therapeutic course, laboratory research biological samples of the baby. If the child was treated for severe helminthic invasions, then several studies will be required during the year.
Warning: “When diagnosing helminthiasis in a child, therapy and members of their family are required. As a rule, doctors insist on contacting veterinary clinic for the treatment of all pets.
Pharmacological preparations
Piperazine adipate;
Pirantel;
Niclosamide;
Albendazole;
mebendazole;
Levamisole;
Praziquantel.

Doctors include anti-allergic agents in the therapeutic regimen for helminthiasis to relieve symptoms of sensitization. Tsetrin, Claritin, Suprastin, Zodak, Zirtek have proven themselves well. Such drugs eliminate skin itching, swelling, signs of general intoxication of the child's body.
Some parents give their children several times a year antihelminthic drugs for prevention and self-soothing. Pediatricians warn against such measures. The fact is that every medicine is designed to destroy a certain kind helminths, which can be identified only after deciphering the results

Worms in the lungs are rare, but very dangerous disease. It can manifest itself not only in an adult, but also in children. The disease, if left untreated, can lead to disability and disability, and if severe complications death is possible.

Worms in the lungs: symptoms of the disease

The patient feels general weakness, discomfort and complete breakdown.
In an affected individual (especially if it is a child), the temperature rises sharply.
There may be asthma attacks and severe shortness of breath.
The patient suffers from coughing (especially in the morning) with little sputum, although he gets a little better at nightfall.
An individual infected with worms feels pain and tingling in the sternum.
When listening to the lung, wheezing, creaking of the pleura, and noise are noted.
Possible frequent seizures vomiting and nausea.
The patient complains of severe headaches.
There are problems with vision: the contours of objects blur, sharpness and contrast decrease.
Possible appearance allergic reactions or signs of toxicity.
The patient has a sharp decrease in appetite.

Echinococcosis of the lungs is characterized by the following symptoms:

The asymptomatic stage lasts for several years, as the cyst grows rather slowly. The disease during this period can be detected only with fluoroscopy.
In the patient with the subsequent development of the disease, pain in the sternum occurs, shortness of breath and cough are possible. All these manifestations increase as the cyst grows.
Later on, there will be various complications: the cyst suppurates and can penetrate into the bronchi, pleura, get into abdominal cavity, damage the pericardium and bile ducts. During this period, the patient coughs with the release of purulent parts of the cyst membranes. If the disease has penetrated the bronchus, then asphyxia is possible, which appears against the background of anaphylactic shock. This is due to the absorption of toxic contents by the tissues. internal structures cysts.

The patient may develop skin rashes. With echinococcosis, the patient's body temperature can often rise, and suppuration of the cyst itself keeps this indicator in the range from 37.8 to 39.2 degrees Celsius for a long period.

When examining a patient on the chest, you can find an increase in the gaps between the ribs, a tumor on the affected side.

If the cyst is in lung root or it is relatively small, then all of the above symptoms may be absent.

Diagnosis of damage to the respiratory organs by worms of various types

X-ray.
Use of ultrasonic equipment.
Serological methods of examination.
CT scan.
Scanning with instruments different type.
Laparoscopy.

Examination plays a significant role in the detection of the disease. rural population using fluorographic methods. Often, preventive measures can stop the spread of the disease in time.

For precise setting The following methods can be used for diagnosis:

The reaction of indirect hemagglutination.
Analysis for immunoenzymes.

This allows you to differentiate echinococcosis from tuberculoma and peripheral carcinoma. These diseases give with x-ray examination the same shadows as the defeat of worms.

Treatment by different methods

TO effective means To combat worms in the lungs, drugs such as:

Albendazole.
Escasol.
Zentel.
Praziquantel and similar drugs.

It must be taken into account that they have side effects, which can be exacerbated if the patient has undergone a massive invasion of worms. When prescribing chemotherapy, Special attention turn to the patient's liver and assign strict control over its functioning.

After using these methods and obtaining certain results, they proceed to recovery procedures. The patient is prescribed medication to support the liver, stomach, and lungs. They use drugs to boost their immune system.

If medications did not help, then it can be carried out surgery for lung resection.

Medicines are given at a dose of up to 40 mg per kilogram of the patient's body. This continues for 21 days. Then follows week break and evaluation of the results obtained.

Preventive measures against infection with worms

Hands and body must be kept clean.
After contact with wild or domestic animals, thoroughly wash the body, feet and hands.
When eating fruits or vegetables, they must be pre-processed hot water.
It is not recommended to drink from natural sources crude liquid.
Once every 10-12 months it is necessary to undergo an examination for the presence of worms in the body.

Worms in the lungs is a rare, but very dangerous disease. It can manifest itself not only in an adult, but also in children. The disease, if left untreated, can lead to disability and disability, and in severe complications, a fatal outcome is possible.

Worms in the lungs: symptoms of the disease

The patient feels general weakness, discomfort and a complete breakdown.
In an affected individual (especially if it is a child), the temperature rises sharply.
There may be asthma attacks and severe shortness of breath.
The patient suffers from coughing (especially in the morning) with little sputum, although he gets a little better at nightfall.
An individual infected with worms feels pain and tingling in the sternum.
When listening to the lung, wheezing, creaking of the pleura, and noise are noted.
Frequent bouts of vomiting and nausea are possible.
The patient complains of severe headaches.
There are problems with vision: the contours of objects blur, sharpness and contrast decrease.
Perhaps the appearance of allergic reactions or signs of toxicosis.
The patient has a sharp decrease in appetite.

Echinococcosis of the lungs is characterized by the following symptoms:

The asymptomatic stage lasts for several years, as the cyst grows rather slowly. The disease during this period can be detected only with fluoroscopy.
In the patient with the subsequent development of the disease, pain in the sternum occurs, shortness of breath and cough are possible. All these manifestations increase as the cyst grows.
In the future, various complications begin to arise: the cyst suppurates and can penetrate the bronchi, pleura, enter the abdominal cavity, damage the pericardium and bile ducts. During this period, the patient coughs with the release of purulent parts of the cyst membranes. If the disease has penetrated the bronchus, then asphyxia is possible, which appears against the background of anaphylactic shock. This is obtained due to the absorption of the toxic contents of the internal structures of the cyst by the tissues.

When examining a patient on the chest, you can find an increase in the gaps between the ribs, a tumor on the affected side.

If the cyst is located at the root of the lung or it is relatively small, then all of the above symptoms may be absent.

Diagnosis of damage to the respiratory organs by worms of various types

X-ray.
Use of ultrasonic equipment.
Serological methods of examination.
CT scan.
Scanning devices of different types.
Laparoscopy.

To identify the disease, a mass examination of the rural population with the help of fluorographic methods plays a significant role. Often, preventive measures can stop the spread of the disease in time.

For an accurate diagnosis, the following methods can be used:

The reaction of indirect hemagglutination.
Analysis for immunoenzymes.

This makes it possible to differentiate echinococcosis from tuberculoma and peripheral carcinoma. These diseases give the same shadows on x-ray examination as worms.

Treatment by different methods

Effective remedies for the fight against worms in the lungs include drugs such as:

Albendazole.
Escasol.
Zentel.
Praziquantel and similar drugs.

It must be taken into account that they have side effects that can be exacerbated if the patient has undergone a massive invasion of worms. When prescribing chemotherapy, special attention should be paid to the patient's liver and strict control over its functioning should be prescribed.

If medications do not help, then a lung resection surgery may be performed.

Medicines are given at a dose of up to 40 mg per kilogram of the patient's body. This continues for 21 days. Then follows a week break and evaluation of the results.

Preventive measures against infection with worms

Hands and body must be kept clean.
After contact with wild or domestic animals, thoroughly wash the body, feet and hands.
When using fruits or vegetables for food, they must first be treated with hot water.
It is not recommended to drink raw liquid from natural sources.
Once every 10-12 months it is necessary to undergo an examination for the presence of worms in the body.

toxoplasma;
cysticerci - larvae of pork tapeworm;
cystodes - larvae tapeworm;
roundworm.

When entering a weakened human body, the larvae continue their further development, turning into sexually mature helminths that feed on vital important trace elements, thereby causing significant damage to the organ.

Worm larvae more often enter the body of an adult through the oral cavity or less often through the affected skin. If the larva has entered the intestine, due to a number of circumstances, it penetrates through its walls into the lung tissue, where it begins to actively develop. If the eggs of the worms enter through the affected area of the skin, the blood carries them to lung tissue For further development. Once in the body, it is slowly destroyed, which can even lead to lethal outcome at untimely treatment. Therefore, it is so important to determine the type of helminth that has fallen, to know how to get rid of it and prevent it. reinfection.

To detect worms in the lung tissue, the following measures are sometimes required:

make an x-ray;
perform laparoscopy;
ultrasound examination;
serological examination;
analysis for enzyme immunoassays;
Maybe additional examination tomograph.

Symptoms

In the presence of worms in the lung tissue of a person, other organs, such as the liver and bile ducts, are also affected over time. Therefore, palpation reveals an enlarged liver, as well as enlarged spaces between the ribs, which indicates the occurrence of a cyst or tumor on the affected side.

In adults

If on early stages worms are found in the lungs in humans, symptoms can be very mild or absent altogether. So when there are more severe symptoms, the disease often has an advanced form.

The main signs of an advanced form of pulmonary helminthiasis are as follows:

dyspnea, persistent cough, possibly suffocation;
temperature increase;
tingling in the area chest when coughing, bending over and walking;
nausea, possible vomiting;
loss of appetite, weight loss;
vision problems are possible.

In addition to the general clinical picture of an infected organism with pulmonary helminths, the patient is susceptible to various allergic manifestations and toxic reactions.

In children

Upon detection lung worms appointed drug treatment based on their expulsion from the patient's body.

The dose of the drug is prescribed individually for each patient, depending on his age, clinical picture, symptoms and the degree of neglect of the disease.

Some patients with pulmonary helminthiasis resort to completely non-standard types treatment. So, Professor Ogulov A.T. offers to clean your body from parasitic damage or clean a specific organ with dope grass. Despite the narcotic properties,

The first symptoms appear after a long period after infection:

cystic formations;
allergic processes;

infectious and inflammatory process;
disruption of the CNS.

Let's compare these indicators in the table.

Symptoms of helminthiasis in the intestines	Symptoms of helminthiasis in the lungs
Periodic constipation, suddenly replaced by diarrhea.	cough with phlegm, the largest number which is observed in the morning.
Bloating, flatulence.	Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing.
Nausea, vomiting.	Headache.
Pronounced or, conversely, decreased appetite.	Pain in the chest, especially sharp in the process of coughing.
General weakness, fatigue.	Violation of vision.
Skin rashes according to the type of allergic reactions.	Increase in body temperature.

The main diseases that occur when helminths enter the body with their further localization in the lung tissue are:

ascariasis;
toxoplasmosis;

echinococcosis;
cysticercosis.

Name of the disease

Clinical picture

TOXOPLASMOSIS

Congenital toxoplasmosis is acute, with damage to the central nervous system, brain, liver and complex anomalies development in a child.

Purchased in acute stage, flu-like, symptoms: fever, muscle pain, moist cough, wheezing in the lungs. Then a sluggish picture of the disease is observed, but Toxoplasma is able to infect large area lungs, up to cysts, inflammation and necrosis.

Thus, clinical picture disease depends entirely on what kind of worms settled in the lungs of a person.

What is the danger of this condition?

Worms in the lungs can cause various diseases providing Negative influence not only on functional activity respiratory organs, but also on other internal systems person.

Pathology is dangerous because most often the disease begins to develop without any symptoms, without showing signs for several years. Symptoms of damage to the lung tissue by helminthiases on early stage, are discovered quite by accident during chest x-rays.

Diagnostics

To diagnose the presence of worms in the body, namely in the lung tissue, the following laboratory and instrumental examinations are carried out:

- radiography;
- CT scan

laparoscopy;
ultrasound diagnostics;
serological research methods.

Also, if you suspect infection with helminths that can live in the lungs, experts advise resorting to a fluorographic study.

For example, this method makes it possible to diagnose cystic formations of echinococci and other pulmonary worms in the respiratory organs, since all of them cause pronounced changes in lung tissue in the course of their life. If radiography confirmed the presence of worms in the organ, the doctor may additionally prescribe the following diagnostic methods:

research on immunoenzymes;
indirect hemagglutination reaction.

Using the above diagnostic methods, it is possible to high precision distinguish helminthiasis from tuberculosis infection or carcinoma of the lung tissue. Since during radiography they create exactly the same shadows in the picture as the worms.

Treatment

To remove worms from the lungs, the following drugs can be prescribed:

Escasol;
Zentel and others.

During treatment with these drugs, it must be remembered that with an advanced form of the disease, the body can undergo serious toxic effects caused by the death and decay products of worms. Therefore, together with anthelmintic agents, it is necessary to cleanse the body with sorbents, Laktofiltrum successfully copes with this task, Activated carbon and other drugs.

folk therapy

Prevention

Undoubtedly, worms that have settled in the lung tissue are not only an unpleasant phenomenon, but also very dangerous. To prevent secondary infection, it is necessary to follow simple preventive measures: