DTP vaccination revaccination side effects. DTP vaccination - preparation, procedure, side effects, reviews

DPT is an adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus vaccine, which consists of killed pertussis microbes and pre-purified diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. Microbial suspension is created on the basis of aluminum hydroskad gel.

1 ml of domestic vaccine contains:

1. 20 billion pertussis microbial cells;
2. 30 flocculating units of diphtheria toxoid;
3. 10 antitoxin-binding units of tetanus toxoid.

Dosage - 3 intramuscular inoculations of 0.5 ml with an interval of 6 weeks and subsequent revaccination in a year.

Mild side effects after DTP vaccination

Mild side effects include:

1. increase in body temperature up to 39 degrees,
2. drowsiness, lethargy or, conversely, anxiety,
3. local reactions in the form of edema, induration or even bumps, redness,
4. lack of appetite, vomiting and diarrhea.

The listed side effects occur in children after vaccination with high frequency. But this does not mean that your baby will certainly encounter them. Let's consider each symptom in more detail to determine where the norm ends, pathology occurs, and how to alleviate the child's condition in each of the cases.

Increase in body temperature

With an increase in body temperature after DTP, every fourth child occurs. This is a normal phenomenon, which indicates the beginning of the formation of immunity to diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus. But this is not a reason to refuse to help the baby. Therefore, parents are interested in what to do if the temperature rises after an injection of DPT?

If the temperature rises to 38 degrees or higher, then the following measures must be taken:

1. provide the child with bed rest;
2. provide plenty of warm drink;
3. give an antipyretic recommended by your pediatrician;
4. call an ambulance if the temperature rises above 39 degrees.

Just as often, parents are concerned about the question of how many days the elevated body temperature caused by the DTP vaccine can last. Usually the temperature rises on the first day after vaccination and lasts for three days. If it persists for the fourth and subsequent days, this indicates the course of a pathological process in the child's body, which can be caused by a cold. During the vaccination period, the child's body becomes weak, and he is not able to resist viruses.

Local reactions

Local reactions are detected in every fourth child. Vaccination injection can be caused by:

• redness,
• edema,
• seal or bump
• tumor,
• pain,

Reddening of the injection site and swelling with a seal up to 8 centimeters in diameter are considered normal. Pain syndrome is expressed with different strength. Children respond to pain by crying loudly. If it increases with movement, then the baby tries not to move the leg into which the vaccine was injected.

Parents often note that the baby, after vaccination, began to limp on the leg into which the vaccine was introduced. This is normal and is due to the fact that the child is trying to relieve pain by reducing the load on the limb. He can limp until the pain syndrome passes completely.

If the baby is lame for more than 4-5 days, inform the pediatrician.

At the injection site, the temperature of the reddened surface rises due to an abundant rush of blood. An inflammatory process begins, which disappears on its own and without complications on the tenth day. The vaccine is usually given in the thigh, not the buttock. There is a lot of adipose tissue in the baby's ass, which prevents the absorption of the solution: it stagnates and becomes the cause of the development of an abscess.

If the vaccine has entered the adipose tissue, then a seal is necessarily formed, which is called a bump. If, after DPT, a seal has formed at the injection site, combined with redness, you should seek help from a doctor. He will prescribe medications or tell you what lotions to apply to the injection site in order to increase blood flow and eliminate the bump.

A common measure against injection seals is an iodine mesh. A place with a bump is also recommended to be treated with a solution of magnesia. But you can start treatment only on the recommendation of a pediatrician.

You should not take action on your own if you find a bump in a child after DTP vaccination. This can harm the baby and make the pain worse.

Changes in baby's behavior

Even in the vaccination room, children begin to cry a lot. From this point on, parents are encouraged to observe the child's behavior to determine if there are any complications. The baby will often grab the injection site and sob, showing that he is in pain. But do not allow him to touch the leg with his bare hands: if an infection gets in, then a seal or bump will definitely form, and other symptoms of inflammation will appear.

Sometimes parents note that after vaccination the child became very restless. Perhaps he lacks care and a sense of security. To calm the baby, hug him, talk, and then consult with the pediatrician. He will prescribe sedatives or recommend drinking decoctions of herbs that have a sedative effect on the nervous system.

Also, children may react differently to the vaccine: they become lethargic and sleepy. You don’t need to do anything, just surround the baby with love and care. Parents are often interested in how many days this condition of the baby can last. Usually, the child's behavior normalizes after three days, and if the restlessness or lethargy is prolonged, a medical examination is necessary.

Vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite

Loss of appetite is very common and should not cause parents to panic. Appetite usually returns three days after vaccination. The refusal of the baby from food for four or more days should alert. Make sure your child drinks well.

Every tenth child after DTP vaccination experiences vomiting and diarrhea. To prevent dehydration, the baby is provided with plenty of fluids and be sure to call a doctor at home.

Side effects of moderate severity after DTP vaccination

Moderate side effects include:

1. convulsive events,
2. loud crying that lasts more than 3 hours
3. temperature rise to 39.5 degrees or more.

Such consequences of DTP vaccination are serious and require medical supervision. With the development of any of the side effects of moderate severity, immediately inform the pediatrician or call an ambulance. Most likely, there is nothing serious, but precautions must always be observed.

Convulsive phenomena

Seizures after DTP vaccination occurs in one in 14,500 children. They are of two types:

1. Febrile. Characteristic when the temperature rises to 38 degrees and above. Observed only in the first three days after vaccination.
2. Afebrile. These are convulsions caused by damage to the nervous system of an organic nature. Observed at normal body temperature, or if it is not higher than 38 degrees (subfebrile).

With convulsive phenomena, medical supervision and assistance is necessary. This will allow timely identification of disorders of the nervous system and prevent other, more severe consequences for children.

strong crying

Tears and screaming in children begin immediately after the introduction of the vaccine. Usually, babies calm down quickly after contact with their mother, but sometimes crying drags on for several hours, as happens in one case in a thousand. During a tantrum, the child makes frequent and deep exhalations, as a result of which cerebral hypoxia may develop, which causes a severe headache.

Parents should be alerted by the crying of the child if it continues for three or more hours. In this state, the child's body quickly evaporates moisture, which threatens with dehydration. Therefore, you need to do everything possible so that the child stops crying as soon as possible. Try to calm the baby and offer him to drink warm water more often.

Children may cry a little, but often: this happens after a complication and the appearance of a painful induration at the injection site. Tears well up in the eyes every time the baby experiences pain in the bump. This is a natural reaction by which the child shows his condition. But if the crying is not continuous, then this is not a cause for concern.

Very high body temperature (from 39.5)

One in 15,000 children develops a body temperature of 39.5 degrees or more after vaccination. This is an occasion to call an ambulance and invite a pediatrician to the house. Before providing medical assistance, follow the rules:

• Don't use an alcohol compress.
• On the advice of a doctor, try to bring down the temperature.
• Provide your child with plenty of warm fluids.
• Do not wrap your baby to ensure heat dissipation.

Often parents have a question about how long a high temperature can last after vaccination. Medical workers claim that if it is caused by the DTP vaccine, then no more than three days. If the cause of the temperature increase was an infection, then it can last more than 3 days. But in any case, it is necessary to keep the child under medical supervision.

What complications can be after DTP vaccination

Severe complications of DTP vaccination include: allergies to vaccine components and neuralgic disorders.

Side effects should be distinguished from complications. Side effects are relatively common, and they do not pose a threat to health. After a few days, they pass on their own without consequences, which may be after the complications.

Allergic reaction

With a frequency of one case per million, there are complications in the form of an allergy, the consequences of which can be:

• hives,
• angioedema,
• anaphylactic shock.

A mild form of allergy in the form of urticaria is more common. A rash of red bumps-pimples forms on the baby's body. She poses no danger to children. Usually, after vaccination, the attending physician recommends taking antihistamines, which eliminate the body's allergic reaction to the introduction of foreign bodies.

Quincke's edema is a giant urticaria, accompanied by swelling of the dermis and subcutaneous fat. The greatest danger lies in the swelling of the larynx. If swelling is found, call an ambulance immediately.

The most serious complication is anaphylactic shock. It develops 20-30 minutes after the introduction of the vaccine. The first symptoms: headache, noises, itching, feeling of anxiety and fear, cold sweat and even loss of consciousness. The actions of the parents - calling an ambulance to provide emergency medical care.

If anaphylactic shock began to develop away from medical centers, you need to provide first aid yourself. The life of the child will depend on this:

1. The baby is placed in a horizontal position so that the head is slightly tilted down. This is necessary for blood flow to the brain.
2. Since vomiting is possible, the head is held by turning it to one side. Otherwise, the vomit may enter the respiratory tract.
3. If the tongue sinks, it must be fixed. Otherwise, suffocation is possible.
4. The injured child is kept warm and provided with fresh air.

Independently taken measures are not a reason for refusing medical care.

Neuralgic disorders

Complications in the form of damage to the nervous system after DTP are so rare that they are not commonly associated with vaccination. However, Dr. Low notes that in 75 cases out of 1000 DTP gives a slight brain reaction that goes unnoticed and without a trace. Then the question arises of how many cases of serious lesions of the nervous system occur. The question cannot be answered precisely because there are no statistics available. But isolated cases in medical practice take place.

The development of post-vaccination encephalitis occurs in exceptional cases. A complication is characterized by a violation of blood vessels in the form of hemorrhages, stasis or plethora.

In the future, this leads to dystrophy or complete death of neurons - nerve cells. Post-vaccination encephalitis develops 3-5 days after vaccination. Symptoms of the disease:

1. heat,
2. immobility,
3. convulsive syndrome,
4. vomit,
5. increase in coma.

With focal brain damage, hyperkinesis, paresis of the limbs, convulsions, aphasia, and damage to the cranial nerves are possible. After DPT, cerebral edema is possible, in exceptional cases, decerebration and decortication are observed. When lesions of the nervous system are detected, it is often noted that immediately after the introduction of the vaccine, the child had a piercing cry. It is believed that its cause is intracranial hypertension.

Finally

It is worth remembering that the child will always respond to the introduction of the DTP vaccine. In most cases, the reaction manifests itself in the form of mild and moderate side effects. But in isolated cases (one in a million or less), serious consequences are possible with a threat to life for the child. Therefore, the main task of parents is to carefully monitor the condition of the baby in the post-vaccination period for the timely detection and elimination of the consequences of vaccination.

DTP vaccination is an effective method of preventing such dangerous infections as tetanus, whooping cough and diphtheria. At the beginning of the 20th century, before the creation of a vaccine, about 20% of children were infected with diphtheria, half of them died. Tetanus led to the death of 85% of infected people. Even today, in countries where immunization is not carried out, more than 250 thousand people die every year. Before the creation of the DTP vaccine, up to 95% of the world's population had whooping cough, which is especially dangerous for babies.

Immunization made it possible to cope with the epidemic, the spread of infectious diseases decreased. However, in recent years there have been whole anti-vaccination movements. Therefore, it is worthwhile to figure out whether it is necessary to administer a vaccine for a child, how dangerous are the consequences of DPT vaccination.

Why get vaccinated?

DPT is an adsorbed vaccine against whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria. The drug is designed to create immunity against 3 serious infectious diseases that can lead to the development of severe irreversible complications. Therefore, DPT vaccination is done in most countries of the world. The DTP vaccine is based on inactivated pertussis cells, purified diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.

Important! On the territory of Russia, preparations of domestic and imported production are widely used for vaccination.

The action of the DTP vaccine is reduced to the development of an immune response in the baby, so that later the child's body can cope with pathogenic agents. After injection, toxins and microbial particles mimic the development of an infection. This triggers the synthesis of protective factors, interferons, antibodies and phagocytes. That allows you to develop a strong immunity to infections.

In modern medicine, 2 types of DTP vaccine are widely used:

• Acellular (acellular). The composition of the drug includes purified pertussis antigens, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. These molecules are able to form immunity, can significantly reduce the risk of developing neurological adverse reactions to the whooping cough component. Examples of such a vaccine are Infanrix, Pentaxim;
• Cellular. The vaccine contains dead microorganisms of whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. Therefore, after DPT vaccination, a child has pronounced side effects.

Vaccination Schedule

DTP vaccination helps to form a stable immune response in the baby. However, for this it is necessary to follow the following vaccination schedule:

• At 3 months, the first DPT vaccination. Early immunization is justified by the fact that maternal antibodies are able to protect the child's body only 60 days after birth. Vaccination is carried out with a domestic or foreign drug. However, it must be borne in mind that the DTP vaccine can lead to the development of a post-vaccination reaction. Foreign vaccines are more easily tolerated. DTP vaccination should be given to a child under 4 years of age, older children are shown the introduction of the DTP vaccine as the first vaccination;
• At 4.5 months, the second vaccination. The DTP vaccination must be done 45 days after the first immunization. Characterized by increased immune response. Therefore, it is recommended to use a similar vaccine in order to reduce the severity of adverse reactions to the drug. However, if the baby had a strong reaction to the first vaccination, then it is necessary to use the drug without the pertussis component.
• At 6 months, the third vaccination. Some children develop an intense reaction just after the introduction of the third DPT vaccination.
• At 1.5 years the last vaccination. It is tolerated quite easily, rarely provokes the development of severe reactions.

How to prepare a baby?

To reduce the risk of development and severity of adverse reactions after DPT vaccination, the following rules must be followed:

• A few days before vaccination, stop taking vitamin D, which will help prevent the development of allergies;
• Before vaccination, it is necessary to give the child an antihistamine and calcium gluconate, which should be continued for 3-4 days after immunization;
• 1-2 hours after the DPT vaccination, the baby should be given an antipyretic to prevent fever.
• The dosage of medicines should be selected by the pediatrician, based on the individual characteristics of the child.

Instructions for using the vaccine

DTP vaccination is used as part of the immunization of children under 4 years of age. A single dosage of the drug is 0.5 ml. Before the introduction, the ampoule must be heated to body temperature, shaken thoroughly until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

If the next vaccination cannot be carried out on time, then the vaccine is given as soon as the child's condition returns to normal. Immunization is carried out according to aseptic and antiseptic standards. If, after opening the ampoule, the drug remains unused, then it must be disposed of.

Important! If the child has had whooping cough, then DTP is used instead of the DTP vaccine.

It is forbidden to use DTP if:

• Violated the integrity of the ampoule;
• The expiration date has expired;
• Ampoules are not labeled;
• Violated storage conditions of the drug;
• The drug changed physical properties (color, insoluble precipitate appeared).

After vaccination, the nurse must register the fact of vaccination in the established accounting forms, indicating the date, number and batch of the drug, expiration date, manufacturer.

Many parents are interested in where they get vaccinated. The drug is injected into muscle tissue, which ensures a sufficient rate of absorption, the correct formation of the immune response. The skin is pre-treated with an alcohol wipe. Pediatricians recommend that in children under 1.5 years of age, DPT be vaccinated in the femoral muscle. For older children, the drug is injected into the deltoid muscle of the shoulder.

Child care after vaccination

Immediately after the DTP vaccination, it is recommended to be on the territory of the medical center for 20-30 minutes so that the staff can help the child if there are signs of a severe allergy. At home, it is necessary to give the child an antipyretic drug based on Paracetamol in the form of syrup or suppositories, without waiting for the temperature to rise. After DTP, you can also use anti-inflammatory drugs (Nimesulide, Nurofen) at bedtime.

If the child has a fever, then it is recommended to give up walking for a while. On the day of vaccination, you must refrain from bathing, massage. It is important to carefully monitor the behavior and condition of the child, regularly change the temperature.

Features of vaccination in adults

Adults need revaccination to maintain a sufficient level of antibodies in the bloodstream. Therefore, vaccinations are given every 10 years, starting at the age of 24. However, whooping cough is not dangerous for a strong adult organism, therefore ADS-M is used for revaccination.

If the patient refuses the introduction of the vaccine, then the risk of developing infectious diseases increases. However, in case of infection, the disease will proceed in a mild form if the patient was vaccinated with DTP in childhood.

Adverse reactions

The DTP vaccine belongs to reactogenic drugs, because in 90% of vaccinated children it causes short-term local and systemic adverse reactions. Usually symptoms of malaise develop within 3 days after the injection.

Important! Any symptomatology that develops after this period is not related to the vaccination process.

Some of the normal reactions after DTP vaccination include:

• Increased body temperature. After DPT, fever can last up to 3 days. This is the most common reaction to the vaccine, so parents should prepare antipyretic drugs ahead of time. If the temperature before bedtime does not exceed 38 ° C, then it is better to put a suppository on the child. If the temperature exceeds this threshold, then it is recommended to use anti-inflammatory drugs in syrup (Ibuprofen, Nurofen, Nimesulide);
• Soreness, redness and swelling at the injection site of the DPT shot. To eliminate the symptom, you can use an alcohol compress;
• Violation of the functionality of the limb where DTP was vaccinated. In children, muscle mass is less developed, which makes it difficult to absorb the drug. This provokes the development of pain in the child while walking and lameness. In this case, it is recommended to massage the leg, wipe it with a warm towel;
• Headache, malaise, general weakness;
• Indigestion, diarrhea. To prevent the development of unpleasant symptoms, it is recommended not to feed the child for 1.5 hours before and after vaccination. When diarrhea occurs, enterosorbents should be used: Smecta, Enterosgel, activated charcoal;
• Prolonged crying, moodiness, irritability, sleep disturbance;
• Cough. The symptom develops as a reaction of the body to the intake of the whooping cough component. Usually, the cough goes away on its own within 3-4 days, does not require medication. If the symptom persists for a week, then it may be a sign of an infectious disease not associated with vaccination;
• Decreased appetite or complete refusal to eat;
• The appearance of a rash. The symptom goes away on its own a few days after vaccination. With severe itching, it is recommended to use antihistamines.

Depending on the severity of the symptoms, the child's reaction to the DTP vaccination may be:

1. Weak. It leads to the development of a slight general malaise, an increase in temperature of not more than 37.5 ° C.
2. Medium severity. It causes a pronounced deterioration in well-being, a change in behavioral reactions. The temperature usually does not exceed 38°C after DPT.
3. Severe reaction. The child becomes lethargic, refuses to eat, the temperature reaches 39°C. If hyperthermia exceeds 40°C, then during vaccination it is recommended to abandon the vaccine used in favor of ADS.

Important! Doctors note that after each subsequent DTP vaccination, the overall reaction of the body to the drug becomes less pronounced, but local symptoms are more pronounced.

Possible Complications

In rare cases, after DTP, severe health problems develop in children that require immediate medical attention:

• Severe allergic reactions: atopic dermatitis, Quincke's angioedema, anaphylactic shock;
• Decrease in blood pressure, which leads to impaired blood flow in vital organs. The following symptoms of hypotension are distinguished: pallor of the skin, weakness, cold hands and feet;
• Convulsions without fever. The condition indicates an organic lesion of the child's nervous system;
• The appearance of symptoms, which indicates a violation of the central nervous system and the development of encephalopathy. Complication develops only in 1 case out of 300 thousand;
• Baby crying for 2-4 hours;
• Inflammation of the spinal cord and brain. Pathology occurs in 1 in 500 thousand vaccinated;
• The development of a bump at the injection site more than 8 cm in diameter;
• Temperature up to 40 ° C, which antipyretic drugs cannot bring down.

Existing contraindications

DTP vaccination cannot be carried out in the following cases:

• Severe immunodeficiency states;
• Tuberculosis;
• Severe pathologies of the nervous system;
• Blood clotting disorders;
• Severe allergic reaction to DTP in history;
• Hepatitis;
• Convulsive seizures in history;
• Hypersensitivity to any component of the DTP vaccine;
• The baby has a strong reaction to the previous vaccination: the temperature is up to 40 0 ​​C, the bump at the injection site is more than 8 cm in diameter.

These contraindications are absolute, in such cases the child receives a lifelong medical exemption from DPT vaccination. Relative contraindications are also distinguished when vaccination is postponed for 11-20 days:

• Acute infectious diseases;
• Exacerbation of chronic pathologies;
• Increased body temperature;
• Signs of the development of intoxication: nausea, weakness, lethargy, anxiety;
• diarrhea and abdominal pain;
• Against the background of teething;
• Severe stress in the child;
• Decreased appetite.

Main types of vaccines

Usually, routine immunization is carried out with a domestic DTP vaccine. However, parents have the right to independently choose the drug for vaccination. The following vaccines are available:

• DPT;
• Infanrix;
• Pentaxim;

It is worth considering in more detail each of the preparations for vaccination.

DTP

The drug was created on the basis of 100 billion inactivated whooping cough bacilli, 15 flocculating units of diphtheria toxoid and 5 units of tetanus toxoid. As an auxiliary substance, a stabilizer is used - merthiolate.

Important! The DPT vaccine cannot be bought at a retail pharmacy chain.

The Russian-made DPT vaccine is available in the form of a grayish-white suspension for intramuscular administration. A cloudy precipitate is acceptable.

Infanrix

This is a suspension for intramuscular injection, which is used for vaccination and revaccination. Infanrix is ​​produced in ampoules of 0.5 ml in Belgium. After vaccination in children, the following side effects are possible:

• Slight redness and swelling at the injection site;
• Soreness and impaired function of the limb where the drug was injected;
• Elevated body temperature no more than 3 days;
• Runny nose;
• Apathy, tearfulness;
• Pain in the throat, gums and teeth;
• Allergic reaction.

Important! The listed symptoms develop in 90% of children after the first injection of the Infanrix vaccine.

Taking antipyretics and antihistamines will help alleviate the baby's condition. If a seal appears at the injection site, then a compress can be made.

The introduction of the Infanrix vaccine is contraindicated in such cases:

• Increased temperature in a child;
• Against the background of infectious diseases;
• The presence of severe pathologies in history;
• Against the background of teething.

There are also combined drugs that can protect the child from 4 or more infectious diseases. These include Infanrix IPV (protection against tetanus, whooping cough, diphtheria and polio), Infanrix Hexa (protects the baby from whooping cough, tetanus, hepatitis B, polio, diphtheria, hemophilic infection).

Pentaxim

The drug is produced in France in double packaging. The composition of the Pentaxim vaccine includes diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin, dead polio virus particles (3 strains). The listed components are in a syringe, the volume of which is 1 ml. They are a cloudy white suspension. Separately, in the form of a lyophilisate, there is a hemophilic component, which is combined with tetanus toxoid. Immediately before the introduction of the vaccine, the nurse mixes all the available ingredients, according to the instructions.

After vaccination with the Pentaxim vaccine, the following side effects are possible:

• Hyperemia (reddening of the skin) at the injection site, the appearance of compaction, swelling;
• Fever up to 3 days;
• Irritability, tearfulness;
• Allergic reaction;
• Lameness after vaccination in the leg;
• Decreased appetite.

Pentaxim practically does not cause severe side effects. And the listed symptoms are easily stopped by antihistamine, antipyretic drugs. After vaccination, it is recommended to refuse walking, swimming for a couple of days.

ADS

Children older than 4 years of age during vaccination recommend the introduction of ADS. There is no pertussis component in this preparation, because immunity against whooping cough in a child is considered to be formed. ADS is administered to prolong the resistance of the organism of children to the pathogens of tetanus and diphtheria. The vaccination schedule is to administer the vaccine at 7, 14 years of age, and then every 10 years in adults. The ADS vaccine is well tolerated, but there may be slight redness at the injection site.

To form a reliable immunity against tetanus and diphtheria in children older than 6 years, the ADS-M vaccine is used. It is characterized by a low dosage of active ingredients, therefore it helps to reduce the risk of adverse reactions after vaccination.

Vaccination: pros and cons

The DTP vaccine was included in the National Vaccination Calendar because it can protect children and adults from deadly infections. If the child has no contraindications, he is perfectly healthy, then the parents need to decide in favor of vaccination. Indeed, after DTP vaccination, dangerous side effects rarely develop. However, vaccination allows you to be sure that the child's body will be able to cope with the pathogens of dangerous infections.

Often parents refuse DTP vaccination because the vaccine can lead to the development of autism. In such cases, reference is made to an article in The Lancet. The publication states that thimerosal, which is part of many vaccine preparations, causes dangerous complications. However, numerous clinical studies have shown that vaccination is not capable of provoking the development of autism in children. The myth is also the assertion that DTP provokes the occurrence of bronchial asthma in a child.

Some parents note that a few months or years after the vaccination, the child developed deviations in mental and speech activity, tearfulness, irritability, and a decrease in immunity. However, there is no reliable information that the listed conditions are complications of vaccination. There are no vaccines that are absolutely safe for a child's health. In rare cases, DTP leads to the development of serious conditions, but the consequences of infectious diseases (whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria) are much more dangerous.

Conclusion

DTP vaccination is the most reactogenic of childhood vaccinations, which leads to the development of a large number of adverse reactions. Almost every child has a fever after the administration of the drug. Therefore, it is important to follow the doctor's recommendations, and undergo a medical examination before vaccination. This will reduce the risk of post-vaccination reactions and severe complications in the baby. In Russia, vaccination is voluntary, so parents have the right to refuse DPT vaccination in writing.

All people, both adults and children, should be vaccinated in a timely manner. Vaccinating babies is the most important medical procedure. Many parents are interested in: “What is DPT? And what kind of DTP vaccine is given to children? This vaccine is aimed at fighting whooping cough, diphtheria and tetanus, which causes the DTP vaccination to be appropriately decoded. These diseases are included in the top of the most dangerous diseases. Often, complications contribute to the onset of developmental disorders, as a result of disability.

DPT decoding and vaccines used

DTP is the most common form of vaccination worldwide. Deciphering DTP: Adsorbed Pertussis Diphtheria Tetanus Vaccine. In the international nomenclature it has the designation DTP. Having learned the meaning of the abbreviation, some parents still ask: “DPT drugs for what?”. The answer is simple: the vaccine has a combined effect on diseases of the same name.

The domestic vaccine is represented by the drug Infanrix.

From what vaccinations with the DPT component can still be? There are drugs that also act additionally on other diseases, for example:

1. + Poliomyelitis: Tetracoccus.
2. + Poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae: Pentaxim.
3. + Hepatitis B: Tritanrix.

This vaccination is the basis for immunoprophylaxis. But with all the positive, sometimes the component that is responsible for whooping cough causes a significant negative impact. Therefore, often only tetanus and diphtheria are vaccinated together. Such a DTP vaccination has a decoding similar to the DPT vaccination, excluding the pertussis component.

In Russia, such vaccines are presented:

1. Domestic ADS or foreign D.T. Wax: for children under 6 years old.
2. ADS-m and foreign D.T. Adult: for children aged 6 and over.

Vaccines for certain types of diseases:

1. AS: for tetanus.
2. AD: anti-diphtheria.

Place to get vaccinated

DTP vaccination is administered intramuscularly. Using this technique, the optimal rate of distribution of the components of the drug for the formation of immunity is achieved.

A child is most often given DPT in the thigh area, where muscle tissue is well developed. An adult change the location on the shoulder. This is possible only if the muscles there are sufficiently developed.

The introduction under the skin is unacceptable, the inoculation will be considered useless. The introduction into the gluteal region is excluded. This is due to the presence of a large fatty layer, as well as the risk of getting into blood loans or the sciatic nerve.

Contraindications

Consideration should be given to the factors under which this vaccination is impossible.

General contraindications:

• all diseases in the acute period;
• signs of immunodeficiency;
• allergic reactions to the components in the composition of the drug.

In this case, the vaccine is transferred until a complete cure, or not at all.

Temporary clearance is granted to:

• children with leukemia;
• pregnant women;
• children in the period of exacerbation of diathesis.

With convulsions and neuralgia associated with elevated temperature, it is possible to administer ADS instead of DTP.

Without fail, those who have false contraindications must receive admission:

• allergies in relatives;
• early birth;
• convulsive conditions in relatives;
• perinatal encephalopathy;
• observation of severe exacerbations in relatives with the introduction of DTP.

People with such signs, having received permission from the attending physician, may well be vaccinated.

Should children do DTP?

Nowadays, many parents adhere to a sharply negative position in relation to vaccination. Of course, one can understand their point of view. Having read articles on Wikipedia, Google and other resources, they, not understanding the correct meaning of the terms, believe that in this way even more harm is done than the benefits of vaccination.

I would like to dispel this myth. It has been scientifically confirmed that when setting up DTP, it is possible to avoid serious complications from diseases, and even death. That is why the DPT vaccine is given to many babies all over the world.

The human body, even a very small one, is able to cope with the components of drugs that are currently well developed in composition. Thanks to many years of experience, a formula has been developed that allows, with the least risk to health, to carry out the procedure for preventing diseases.

The number of DTP vaccinations and the affixing scheme

In small children, the DTP vaccine is given in four stages:

1. At 3 months.
2. At 4-5 months, after 30-45 days.
3. At 6 months.
4. At 1.5 years old.

During this period, DTP is vaccinated for the best addition of immunity and the acquisition of antibodies to the diseases of the same name. At a subsequent age, vaccines are given at the age of 6-7, and later, in the teenage period of 14 years. This is only aimed at maintaining the number of indicators already acquired. This procedure is called DPT revaccination.

Setting interval

The interval between vaccines is strictly established by medical institutions. So the first 3 stages are carried out at intervals of 30-45 days. Further, drugs are administered at least 4 weeks later.

It is possible to postpone vaccination: due to illness, or for other reasons of refusal. If possible, access to vaccination should be immediately affixed.

If vaccination is delayed, revaccination should not be started. The chain of steps continues. That is, in the presence of the first vaccination, the next two should be with an interval of 30-45 days between them, the next one goes in a year. Next comes the schedule.

How many times they put DTP for adults

The last stage of childhood ends at age 14. Subsequently, adults should undergo revaccination every subsequent 10 years. Consequently, at an older age, DTP vaccination for adults is given at 24, 34, 44 years, etc.

In most cases, adults are prescribed ADS, since this type excludes the whooping cough component, which is of little danger to older people.

If you do not undergo revaccination, then the number of antibodies that can fight the disease decreases, and there is a risk of infection. But the disease at the same time will pass in the most easy form.

First DTP

The initial DTP should be at the age of the child at 3 months. Maternal antibodies persist only 60 days after the birth of the baby. For the restoration of antibodies, physicians have appointed just such a period for the first formulation of the medicine.

If the first DPT was postponed for medical reasons, then it is allowed to do it until the age of 4 years. Sometimes this seems impossible, then vaccination should take place after 4 years and only anti-ADS drugs.

To avoid complications after DTP vaccination, the baby is brought to the procedure healthy. When observing an increase in the thymus gland, DPT is not recommended, since the risk of severe reactions of the baby is high.

DTP vaccination is carried out with any of the existing drugs for these purposes. Infanrix is ​​most easily tolerated, and under the influence of the rest, post-vaccination reactions can be observed. They are not complications, and the baby's body is able to cope with them.

Second DPT

Under conditions favorable for vaccination, the second stage is carried out after 30-45 days after the DPT vaccination of the first stage, therefore, at 4.5 years.

It is recommended to vaccinate the little one with the same drug as the original DTP. But in the absence of such a medicine, do not despair, because, according to the WHO, all types of DTP vaccinations and vaccines can be replaced with each other.

Many parents are sometimes frightened by the reaction to re-vaccination. Yes, it can be stronger than with the first DPT. This phenomenon occurs due to the fact that during the primary vaccination a certain amount of antibodies was introduced, which, having collided with microbial components, for the second time begin their rebuff and the body's defense reaction. The effect of a negative reaction to the second stage of vaccination is considered the most pronounced and severe of all subsequent ones.

With the introduction of the first vaccine, a significant negative reaction is possible, therefore, a different drug is selected for the second procedure. Usually, DTP is used instead of DTP, since the active component responsible for whooping cough and causes such reactions.

Third DTP

Vaccination number three occurs 30-45 days after the second stage DTP vaccination. If, when transferring the vaccination, later DPT was given, then it is still considered the third.

Even at the third stage of vaccination, a strong reaction from the body is possible, which should not frighten caring parents. In the absence of the same drug as in the previous stages, the planned procedure should not be postponed. Another drug of no less good quality is chosen.

Preparation before vaccination

DTP vaccination is recognized as the most reactogenic procedure. To facilitate and eliminate adverse reactions, you should carefully prepare for the event.

General rules:

1. The person must be in good health.
2. The procedure is carried out on an empty stomach. Make sure that the child wants to eat before the procedure.
3. If the procedure is performed on a baby, you need him to poop before DPT.
4. The child is dressed in such a way that he does not have a fever.

The drug should be administered when taking painkillers, antipyretic and antiallergic drugs. This is especially true when it comes to vaccinating children.

When observing severe pain, the child is prescribed analgesics. To minimize adverse reactions, all these types of drugs should be kept close so that at the first symptoms there would be an opportunity to take drugs.

Scheme of drug preparation for DTP:

1. For a couple of days, with allergic reactions, antihistamines are taken.
2. On the day of the procedure, after it, antipyretic suppositories for children are introduced or tablets are prescribed for adults. Watch the temperature level. Take anti-allergic tablets.
3. Second day: antihistamines are taken, antipyretic at high temperature.
4. On the third day, there is usually an improvement and any medications are stopped.

The best option is the selection of medicines for the baby with a pediatrician before the DPT procedure.

Actions immediately after

To be sure in good condition, the child should spend the first half an hour nearby a medical institution. You can either stay in the hospital itself or take a walk next to it. This is done in the light of the fact that very severe allergies may occur, requiring specialized medical intervention and further monitoring within the hospital.

If there are no allergic reactions, then you can go home. With a lot of activity, the baby should take a walk in nature, avoiding crowds of children.

Upon arrival at the house, the child should be given an antipyretic, without relying on the temperature at the moment. All day you need to maintain strict temperature control. In order to take measures to normalize it with an increase.

Before going to bed, antipyretic candles are used. Abundant feeding is excluded. Only ordinary products that do not cause allergies are allowed. Liquid should be given in large volumes, mainly water. Monitor the temperature in the room. The temperature should be within 22°C. If there is a favorable state of health of the baby, then pay attention to walks, but exclude communication with others.

Adverse reactions to DTP

As with many vaccination procedures, both local and general side effects often appear after DTP vaccination.

Local symptoms:

• pink spot, swelling, pain in the place of setting;
• violation of the movements of the vaccinated leg due to pain.

General symptoms:

• elevated temperature;
• nervousness, whims, anxiety of the baby;
• long sleep;
• loss of appetite;
• vomiting and diarrhea.

If side effects appear from DPT vaccination on the first day, do not worry. The reason for visiting the clinic should be considered the appearance of symptoms on the third day or more.

Complications Requiring Medical Care

DPT preparations, when the procedure is done, can cause serious consequences. These effects include:

1. Severe allergic forms (Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock, etc.).
2. Convulsive phenomena at a temperature norm.
3. encephalopathy.

When these symptoms appear, it is urgent to call an ambulance or take the baby to the hospital.

When prescribing DPT vaccination to a child, his parents should not panic. Answer the question: “AKDS what is it?” The pediatrician will help you to the full extent. He will professionally explain how DTP stands for. He will also consider the baby for admission to this procedure and prescribe drugs after vaccination.

Video

The DPT vaccine should not be underestimated, much less avoided: before its invention in the 1940s, tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough infections were the leading cause of childhood death! With the improvement of living conditions, the achievements of medicine, the introduction of mandatory vaccination, the danger from these diseases is no longer so serious. However, the risk always remains and to refuse vaccinations is extremely unreasonable and dangerous. Although DTP vaccinations are fraught with side effects and reactions, this is a small price to pay before the danger of contracting tetanus or diphtheria. The national vaccination schedule in the Russian Federation establishes four main periods of DPT vaccination: the first vaccination in infancy (3-6 months), revaccination at the age of one and a half years, revaccination of diphtheria and tetanus at 6 years and vaccinations in adulthood (at 14 years and every 19 years). subsequently, only diphtheria with tetanus). The timing of DTP vaccination is clearly shown in the table below.

First vaccination

Without a doubt, the most important stage in the formation of the immune defense of children is the first months after birth. At the beginning of life, children are much more susceptible to infection with dangerous viruses and microorganisms, and the body itself is not able to endure severe infectious shocks. Therefore, the first DTP vaccination, as one of the primary ones, takes place already at the 3rd month of life. This stage consists of three vaccinations, one every 45 days - at 3, 4.5 and 6 months. It is highly desirable to follow the schedule as accurately as possible, but if necessary (illness of children, temporary contraindications, etc.), the dates of vaccinations can be postponed for a short time, the success of immunity formation does not suffer from this.

Three days before the very first vaccination, doctors recommend giving the baby children's antihistamines - this will reduce the risk of allergies, reduce the reaction in general. In addition, you need to stock up on antipyretics.

The first injection is given already at the age of 3 months, because the immunity transmitted to children with mother's antibodies begins to disappear by this time. In different children, this process may take place in different ways, but the ideal time for the first vaccination in different countries is considered to be between 2 and 4 months of age. As in subsequent times, the drug is introduced into the body by intramuscular injection. The best place for injection is the inner thigh, where the muscles are well developed even in newborn children. At the time of vaccination, the child must be healthy and fully examined for contraindications. The first stage of DPT is important in that it can reveal a latent allergic reaction and give an idea of ​​​​how the child's body reacts to the components of the vaccine. It is important for parents to be especially vigilant in order to notice any abnormal changes in the child's condition in time.

The second DPT vaccine is given 45 days after the first. The procedure is no different from the previous injection, but babies often tolerate the vaccine much worse. In children, the temperature rises greatly, convulsions, drowsiness may occur, or vice versa - prolonged piercing crying. This happens because the child, after the first vaccination, has time to develop antibodies to the toxoids of the vaccine, and during the second vaccination, the baby's body tries to protect itself from the practically harmless components of the vaccine. That is, the state of the child during this period is a consequence of the internal struggle of the immune system with toxoids. Despite the fact that the process is normal, you can’t let it take its course - the baby needs to be given an antipyretic and carefully monitor his condition. An increase in temperature over 39.5 ° C, severe convulsions that continue for more than a day, prolonged reddening of the body and other strange phenomena - a reason to immediately consult a doctor. Doctors do not recommend changing the drug during vaccination, however, if after the first vaccination the child experienced a severe reaction (temperature of 38.5 ° C and above, severe convulsions), it makes sense to make the second and subsequent injections a more expensive and safe imported drug.

Some DTP vaccinations coincide with other vaccinations - in this case, you can use combined imported vaccines, this will reduce the number of painful injections.

The last of the three DTP vaccinations is used to fully consolidate immunity, it is given to children at 6 months. If it was impossible to vaccinate at the right time, the scheme allows you to postpone the vaccination up to two months in advance. It is also given intramuscularly and is relatively painless for children. If there were no negative reactions after the first two vaccinations, it is advisable to give an injection with the same drug. Otherwise, it is permissible to change the vaccine to an imported Infanrix or another.

Revaccination first

A single vaccination of the vaccine at the age of one and a half years (18 months). The most common question that parents ask before re-vaccination is: why is it needed? The DTP vaccine provides children with immunity from whooping cough, tetanus and diphtheria for more than 5 years, as many parents know. However, a much smaller number of parents go into the intricacies of immunology, not suspecting that the immunity acquired for the first time from whooping cough and tetanus in 15-20% of cases disappears already a year after vaccination. The body ceases to consider the infection a real threat in the future and gradually ceases to produce antibodies. To prevent this, children should be given one more additional vaccination, which will give a 100% immune response for the required period. Many parents, not knowing this, refuse such an early DPT re-vaccination, especially if the baby had a serious reaction for the first time. Important: if the child still ends up in 20% of children who have lost immunity after the first DTP injections, he will be defenseless against the three most dangerous infectious diseases up to 6 years. It is impossible to establish this for sure without a serious immunological study, so it is easier to just make an extra vaccination.

In accordance with the national vaccination schedule, the pertussis component is not administered to children over four years of age.

Second and subsequent revaccinations

Further vaccinations are separated by much longer time intervals and have an important difference - the pertussis component is excluded from vaccination. For children older than 4 years, domestic medicine completely excludes whole-cell vaccinations against whooping cough (immunity is not developed, the vaccine will simply infect the child with whooping cough). Russia does not produce acellular pertussis vaccinations, so vaccination against it ends after 4 years in the Russian Federation. This is also justified by the fact that older children are much less susceptible to the disease, they endure it more easily, and mortality with proper care is zero. The DTP preparation (adsorbed pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus) is not used in further vaccination, since it contains a pertussis component. Up to 6 years of age, to instill immunity against tetanus and diphtheria in children, the drug ADS (adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus vaccine) is used, and after that - ADS-M (an identical drug, with a much lower content of active substances).

The second revaccination (only against tetanus and diphtheria) takes place at the age of 6. The child is given only one intramuscular injection, the reaction from which should be minimal compared to all previous ones. If you still want to protect the child from whooping cough, it is permissible to use an imported drug (Pentaxim, Tetraxim, Infanrix and others). There is little need - the disease at the age of 6 years is more easily tolerated than the flu, and after one case of the disease, the child will receive natural lifelong immunity.

The last revaccination for children is done at the age of 14 with ADS-M, with a low content of active toxoids. The drug has been changed in order not to put an extra burden on the body, several times smaller doses of active ingredients are enough to maintain immunity in adulthood. ADS-M does not generate immunity in the body, but is only a “reminder” for the body to maintain it.

Revaccination for adults is done every 10 years, starting at the age of 24 with ADS-M. Most people neglect it, because the risk of infection and the danger to an adult is much less than that of children. But nevertheless, the risk remains quite high, infection with these infections can seriously undermine health and even make a person disabled. Tetanus prophylaxis with diphtheria is especially recommended for people at risk: those working with children, animals, and medical personnel.

Brief memo

• Vaccination of whooping cough, tetanus, diphtheria takes place in two stages: two vaccinations in the period of 2-6 months, in 1.5 years and 6 years;
• Tetanus-diphtheria vaccinations are given separately at 6 and 14 years of age, as well as every subsequent 10 years of life;
• The vaccination schedule may be changed as necessary, with the approval of the doctor. The number of vaccinations does not change;
• All drugs certified in Russia, including imported ones, are interchangeable;
• The vaccinated person must be healthy and have no contraindications to vaccination;
• An open, especially contaminated wound is a reason for urgent vaccination if it has not been more than 5 years old;
• Children are advised to give an antihistamine at any stage, be sure to bring down the fever after vaccination;
• All vaccinations, including extraordinary ones, must be reflected in the vaccination card.

The DTP vaccination schedule is much more transparent when scrutinized than many parents think. Carefully follow the instructions of the doctor, the rules of vaccination, so that DTP does not leave behind anything but peace of mind for the health of your children!

Expectant mothers, fathers and young parents are, of course, interested in knowing what vaccinations exist and how you can take care of your baby's health and protect him from diseases. Preparing for DTP vaccination is an important process. But not everyone knows how to prepare for this procedure, when it is needed, which implies what consequences are possible, are there any contraindications.

As soon as the baby is born, on the first day of life, he is already vaccinated. The schedule is developed by the Ministry of Health. Parents can refuse to vaccinate an infant, undergo the procedure later.

Some vaccinations, if they were not done in childhood, a person has to pass on their own in adulthood - when applying for a job and not only. DTP vaccinations are given to both adults and children. In the first days, months, years, if the immune response is not developed, the risk of infection is higher.

Many illnesses are more difficult to bear. There is nothing surprising in this. The body is not strong. It will take at least 12 months to adapt to environmental conditions. It is necessary to get acquainted with the local climate, the seasons. Therefore, it is recommended to vaccinate as early as possible.

The human body is not perfect. Because of this, epidemics occurred so often in past centuries. The whole civilization was on the verge of destruction.

Artificial formation of an immune response in children and adults helps to avoid many troubles. A quality vaccine has already been invented for most infections. Vaccinations against the most common and dangerous diseases, with the help of an effective, proven vaccine, are offered to newborns to improve the quality of life and increase its duration.

After discharge from the hospital, upon reaching the age of three months, they are vaccinated with DTP. DTP vaccination is the introduction into the body of an adsorbed vaccine against whooping cough, diphtheria, and also tetanus.

These diseases should be taken seriously. They are characterized by the complexity of the clinical picture, a high mortality rate, and severe consequences. The body's response to vaccination is often difficult.

There is a risk:

• side effects;
• allergic reactions.

The list of contraindications is long. It is necessary to prepare the baby for this procedure. As a result, he will form a stable immunity.

Features of the vaccine

The vaccine produced in the Russian Federation contains dead cells of pathogenic microorganisms. It is given to children free of charge during the standard vaccination.

There are foreign-made DTP vaccines that contain parts of cells, specific elements that are most significant for the formation of an immune response. They can be purchased if desired. In both cases, there is no risk of infection, each component is safe. Efficiency is confirmed, proven.

Usually applied:

1. a drug made in Russia, which is called DTP;
2. Belgian Infanrix;
3. Pentaxim - it is produced by a French company.

There are also drugs that are used to vaccinate children against diseases other than diphtheria, tetanus and whooping cough. For example, an agent such as Tritanrix-HB or Bubo-Kok can be used. This is a vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and hepatitis B. Bubo-M is a vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B, but not whooping cough.

If the DPT vaccination was previously given, its decoding was needed by parents when analyzing the vaccination card, now things are different. The development of immunity from diseases implies the choice of the optimal vaccine, taking into account the characteristics of the situation.

If the baby has no health problems, the parents do not object to the procedures, the standard vaccination schedule is applied.

Sometimes there is a need to pay attention to some individual characteristics of the organism, situations. They are not important at first glance, but cause concern. In this case, it is necessary to make changes to the standard scheme. How to do this, the doctor will tell you. The calendar of procedures will become a guide for action. You can also make your own suggestions, discuss the most promising options with your doctor.

Various DTP vaccinations, their interpretation, the meaning of vaccines, which is known before the administration of the drug, helps parents control the process.

The vaccination map is compiled taking into account their opinions and observations. It is the parents who will be the first to notice that the baby has signs of contraindications. It is sometimes better to pay for a vaccine and achieve a good result, more acceptable, than to refuse the procedure altogether.

A specific drug can be obtained free of charge when the classic is not suitable. But sometimes it is better to refuse vaccination altogether. Vaccination with DPT, ADSM and not only is dangerous.

What should I pay attention to before and after DTP vaccination? What consequences should be expected, beware?

When not to perform the procedure

What is the real danger of a vaccine in which there are no living microorganisms?

Nothing at first glance. After vaccination with DTP, there should be no negative reactions. But under certain circumstances, nevertheless, there is a risk, a threat to health.

Complications from the vaccine itself, although harmless, can occur if diseases of the nervous system are diagnosed. They are a contraindication to the use of the vaccine.

The reaction to a foreign body, information about a potential threat will be negative, not as we would like. For the presence of diphtheria toxins, tetanus, pertussis, too. Complications can be expressed in the form of deterioration of health, weakening of the nervous system.

With congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, complications are also likely, the introduction of the vaccine is prohibited.

If you have already been vaccinated and hyperthermia has been observed, you can not do it again. It is impossible to vaccinate DTP for certain chronic diseases, at the stage of exacerbation. In these cases, vaccination with ADS toxoid should be chosen.

Circumstances may cause a temporary ban on vaccination. In particular, any acute infectious disease is a serious hindrance. The reaction to the vaccine is unpredictable and life-threatening complications are possible. If someone in the immediate environment is sick with an infectious disease, do not get vaccinated. The likelihood that complications will appear is higher in this case.

The reason for postponing the time of vaccination is stress. They can be considered moving, the death of relatives, the baby's teeth cutting, the temperature observed at the same time, and not only. Even if the above threats are not present, sometimes the DTP vaccine has side effects.

Negative symptoms after vaccination

It happens that redness appears at the injection site, and then a purulent abscess. It is important to monitor the condition of the skin at first, to use, possibly, an antibacterial ointment. You should start worrying when the area of ​​​​inflammation exceeds 8 mm, tissue thickening is noticeable. The body temperature rises.

It is customary to divide mild, moderately pronounced and pronounced hyperthermia.

An increase in temperature to 37.5 is a mild hyperthermia. At a temperature of 38.5 we are talking about the average degree of hyperthermia. Severe hyperthermia is called an increase in temperature above 38.5. You should inform the doctor, give antipyretic drugs as soon as possible.

Hyperthermia after DTP vaccination can last 2-3 days.

The more serious possible complications include Quincke's edema, allergic syndromes. In some cases, anaphylactic shock develops when this vaccine is given, blood circulation is disturbed due to a sharp decrease in pressure, febrile convulsions appear.

There may be deviations in the work of the nervous system, meningitis and other pathologies develop. But these reactions are extremely rare. Weakness, capriciousness, loss of appetite - what is most often to be expected from a baby who has received this complex vaccination.

How many times do you need to inject

How many times is the vaccine injection given?

Not once. The DPT schedule is vaccination at three months of age, then at four months of age. The minimum period between procedures is thirty days. The maximum allowable interval between the first procedures is forty-five days. It is not advisable to violate the terms of vaccination. But if a longer pause is needed, the drug is not administered additionally.

If negative reactions are observed, a note is made in the outpatient card or vaccination card about this. The vaccine is changed according to the situation. At the age of 6 months, 3 vaccinations are given. You will also need to undergo the procedure at 18 months. This completes the first stage.

A stable immune defense has been developed, which lasts until the age of 8.5 years approximately. At the age of six, the first revaccination procedure is carried out, at seven the second, and at fourteen the third. The ADS-M vaccine is already in use.

Revaccination is required due to a decrease in antibody levels.

Their production is naturally suppressed. A newborn from the first day of life to 2 months has immunity to these infections. Antibodies obtained from the mother's body. The body of a newborn produces them on its own.

But after 2 months, their level is significantly reduced. The observed concentration is not enough to effectively counter infection. Therefore, already at the age of three months, the first procedure is recommended.

10 years after repeated revaccination, the level of antibodies in the blood decreases again. At twenty-four, you will have to repeat the vaccination. Adults are recommended to do it every 10 years throughout their lives. It is advisable to carry out revaccination of the DTP in a timely manner, to comply with the deadlines.

In the event that the baby's parents refuse to be immunized, the DTP vaccination is not carried out at 3 months, the risk of infection gradually decreases. An adult who has reached the age of majority has little chance of contracting diphtheria or whooping cough, but a lot of tetanus.

In this regard, another vaccine is usually prescribed, exclusively tetanus. DTP vaccination for adults may be recommended by an immunologist as a universal option. Sometimes it is this vaccine that is most suitable, it is necessary to make a complex vaccination.

How vaccination is carried out

Does it matter where the vaccine is given?

The drug is injected initially into the gluteal muscle. Later, it is possible to introduce into the muscle of the arm, under the shoulder blade. The skin in the injection area in an infant is affected by a greater number of negative factors. The relevance of an injection into the muscle chosen by specialists raises doubts.

And yet, for a harmonious distribution, minimizing the negative impact on the nervous system and the musculoskeletal system, it is advisable to inject it into the thigh muscle. A negative reaction to the drug can be neutralized using conventional disinfectants.

Attentive attitude to the condition of the baby, well-being after the procedure is a guarantee of safety and health.

Before vaccination, you must be examined by a doctor. Usually they visit a pediatrician or a therapist, a surgeon or an orthopedist, a neuropathologist. A blood test is also required. Before the procedure itself, it is advisable to avoid visiting crowded places for several days.

The likelihood of getting sick with any disease, skipping vaccinations, will be minimized.

It is undesirable to add new foods to the diet. This is an additional load on the immune system. The risk of developing allergic reactions increases, which is undesirable. The diet should be familiar, slightly less high-calorie.

The vaccine itself is given to the child on an empty stomach - at least an hour must pass after eating. If the child has refrained from defecation during the day, you should use a laxative.

After vaccination, the child should not be bathed for a day. In the next 2-3 days, avoid getting water on the injection site. If water still gets in, it is recommended that this area be gently wiped with a towel or paper towel. It is undesirable to rub this place.