With intestinal atony, drugs from the group are used. Atony of the intestine - a disease that can be prevented

Wondering what to cook with zucchini and potatoes? We advise you to try the recipe for a quick casserole! This dish is easy to make in the oven or slow cooker. If you want your casserole to be hearty, then add meat or vegetables. Zucchini and potatoes are easy to prepare, keep for a long time, and the prices for these vegetables are more than affordable. Yes, no holiday dinner is complete without them! Below we will give recipes for a delicious eggplant pie, and for those who are on a diet, a low-calorie casserole that is cooked even in a double boiler.

It's easy to pamper your loved ones. With us you will learn the secrets of cooking this healthy vegetable. Potatoes will add a taste familiar to us. Of course, potatoes are also useful product. The recipes below can be adjusted to your liking. So, the casserole can be sprinkled with cheese or served with sauce: your imagination can work wonders!

Zucchini is a source of vitamin C, potassium, magnesium, calcium and folic acid. How to keep the benefits of a vegetable? A double boiler or slow cooker will help you with this! You should not assume that zucchini is used only in summer: you can buy zucchini in a large supermarket even in winter, or freeze vegetables in summer. You can enjoy a casserole with zucchini and potatoes, regardless of the season.

Such a vegetable dish, if it is steamed or in a slow cooker, is a storehouse of vitamins and other useful substances. In addition, this is a hearty meal that a large family will eat up. Don't be afraid to experiment! Anything can be added to a dish of versatile vegetables. However, follow our tips to make sure everything works out perfectly.

Do not make the casserole high as it may not cook through or fall apart.
Do not neglect herbs and seasonings. Celery, dill, oregano are combined with zucchini.
Slice the vegetables thinly so they cook better.
Be sure to serve the sauce. For example, garlic sauce. Cooking it for any hostess is not difficult. Just add mayonnaise, water and spices to taste to the pureed garlic. The casserole can also be served with sour cream.

Potato-zucchini casserole in the oven

With cheese and garlic, zucchini casserole will acquire an incredible taste and aroma. Of course, you can cook such a dish in a double boiler, but the recipe for zucchini and potato casseroles in the oven is simpler. We share it with you.

You will need:

medium zucchini - 1 pc.;
potatoes - 4 pcs.;
parmesan - 200 g;
fat sour cream - 250 ml;
garlic - 2 cloves.

Cooking:

Wash and clean vegetables. Remove the rind.
Cut vegetables into thin rings.
Mix garlic with fat sour cream and spices.
Grease a baking sheet with oil and place some of the potato slices on it.
Pour dressing over potatoes.
Lay out a second layer of potatoes and top with dressing.
Lay out the zucchini and pour over the dressing too.
Bake for 35 minutes at 200°C.
Grate the parmesan.

After 40 minutes, remove the tray from oven, sprinkle everything with cheese and put under the grill for a few more minutes.

Zucchini and potato casserole in the oven is ready!

Cooking with eggplant

Pectin, protein, vitamins ... What is not in this vegetable! It will charge you with vitamins and excellent mood!

You will need:

medium eggplant - 1 pc.;
zucchini - 1 pc.;
red or yellow pepper - 1 pc.;
sour cream - 250 ml;
parmesan - 200 g;
flour - 200 g;
chicken eggs- 4 things.;
baking powder - 10 g.

Cooking:

Clean vegetables.
Cut them into strips or slices.
Cut the pepper into strips.
Put all the vegetables on a baking sheet and put in the oven at 200 ° C for 20 minutes.
Mix fat sour cream with sifted flour, as well as chicken eggs and parmesan.
Put half of the vegetables in the form and pour the dough.
Repeat the procedure again.
Bake for half an hour at 200°C.

Do not forget to sprinkle the dish with herbs or grated cheese, and also prepare garlic dressing for it.

Cooking in a multicooker

To please your men, just add tomatoes and chicken to the dish .

You will need:

zucchini - 1 pc.;
potatoes - 0.5 kg;
chicken fillet - 250 g;
sour cream - 200 ml;
chicken eggs - 4 pcs.

Cooking:

Wash and clean vegetables.
Cut them into thin slices.
Rinse the chicken fillet and cut into small sticks.
Pour a little oil into the multicooker bowl and put a part of the potato.
Lay a layer of fillet over the potatoes.
Place zucchini on top.
Alternate ingredients until you're done layering. Sprinkle everything with spices.
Mix chicken eggs and sour cream.
Pour vegetables with chicken in a multicooker bowl.

Casserole of zucchini and potatoes in a slow cooker is ready! It remains only to serve it to your guests at the table. With chicken, it turns out tender and satisfying, and tomatoes add flavor to the dish.

A casserole of zucchini and potatoes with the addition of minced meat instead of chicken will appeal to the male half of the family. To prepare such a dish, you only need to change the baking time, because. chopped meat cooks a little longer than chicken.

Cooking in a steamer

The following recipe will not take you much time and effort. To cook a pie in a double boiler, it takes a minimum of time and components.

You will need:

zucchini - 1 pc.;
parmesan - 50 g;
chicken egg - 3 pcs.

Cooking:

Wash the zucchini and cut into thin slices.
Whisk the eggs.
Grate Parmesan.
Lay the chopped vegetable in a double boiler, pour over it with eggs and sprinkle with grated cheese. You need to cook such a dish within half an hour.

Serve with garlic sauce or sour cream. In a casserole prepared this recipe, all vitamins are preserved, and its calorie content is minimal. When cooking vegetable casseroles, most of the time is spent on preparatory stage associated with slicing vegetables and making sauce. The dish itself is prepared quickly.

Stories from our readers

Puzzling over how to turn simple and boring vegetables into a hearty, tasty and appetizing dish? Easily! Make a casserole out of them! We take as a basis a minimum of the simplest and most affordable vegetables - potatoes and zucchini. Plus, we will add to them the always successful sour cream and egg filling, which, combined with the most appetizing cheese crust, will magically turn everyday vegetables into a wonderfully tasty dish!

Preparing a casserole of potatoes and zucchini with cheese is very simple. Judge for yourself: cut the vegetables into slices, cover with filling, bake and in the last minutes of cooking we form the final touch - a ruddy cheese top. Actually active time holding in the kitchen - no more than 15 minutes. After that, we just wait, anticipating and enjoying the wonderful aromas of roasted vegetables and spices.

Taste Info Second: zucchini and eggplant / Unsweetened casseroles

Ingredients

young zucchini, small - 1-2 pcs.;
potatoes - 3-4 large tubers;
egg - 3 pcs.;
sour cream 10-15% - 300 g;
hard / semi-hard cheese - 150 g;
garlic - 3-4 cloves;
salt, ground pepper, spices - to taste;
greens (dill, parsley) - a few branches;
vegetable / butter, margarine can be - for the form (24 cm).

How to cook potato-zucchini casserole with cheese in the oven

Let's start with zucchini. In this version of the preparation of the casserole, the vegetable is suitable only for a young one, without yet formed bones. Homemade zucchini can not be peeled, just wash well and cut off the tails on both sides. It’s better to completely clean the store ones, because you never know how they were processed. Prepared zucchini cut into slices about 3-4 mm thick.

Put in a bowl, add, season ground pepper and leave to stand for a while while the rest of the casserole ingredients are prepared.

Now potatoes. We clean it, rinse it and also cut it into slices, but a little thinner than a zucchini - somewhere around 2-3 mm.

Similarly, we put the potato slices in a separate bowl, add, pepper.

Next, prepare the filling for the casserole. To do this, put sour cream in a suitable container, add eggs to it. Salt to taste (given that the vegetables and cheese that will still be used are also salty), add pepper, spices.

Add chopped (previously peeled) garlic, chopped greens in the desired amount to the filling.

Mix the mixture well - and the filling is ready.

Now you can turn on the oven to warm up (temp: 220 gr.) And form a casserole. We coat the selected baking dish with oil. We spread vegetables tightly in it, alternating slices of zucchini and potatoes. We drain the juice that vegetables will give - it does not go into a casserole.

When all the form is filled, cover the vegetables with sour cream filling. Close the casserole with a foil lid and load the mold into the oven. Don't worry if the filling doesn't completely cover the vegetables. In the process of baking, vegetables will still give juice, which will mix with the filling, thereby increasing its volume. In fact, vegetables under the foil will be stewed in sour cream and their own juice.

teaser network

We withstand the casserole in the oven at 200-220 gr. 40-60 minutes. The time is indicated approximate, it is adjusted depending on the size of the form, the thickness of the vegetable slices and individual characteristics ovens. You can navigate by the state of vegetables: during this time they should fully reach readiness. As soon as they are ready, we take out the form, sprinkle the top with a generous layer of cheese and load it back.

We stand the casserole in the oven until the top is lightly browned (as a rule, it takes 7-10 minutes) - and it is ready! We take out.

You can serve the casserole right away. The filling sets perfectly, and the casserole perfectly holds its shape not only when it is cold, but also when it is hot.

Casserole with zucchini and potatoes in the oven is very light, juicy, nutritious. It is equally successful as an independent dish, and as a side dish for meat. Bon appetit!

Intestinal atony is a violation of bowel emptying. In the article we will consider the main causes of this condition, the nature of nutrition to eliminate difficulties with bowel movements, the treatment of intestinal atony, incl. means of traditional medicine.

ICD-10 code

K59.8 Other specified functional intestinal disorders

Causes of intestinal atony

With non-systematic emptying of the intestine, there are cases of self-poisoning of the body. It is very important to empty the bowels regularly, avoiding a delay of more than 1 day. The reason is insufficient peristalsis. Unfortunately, due to the lack of a culture of caring for oneself, many people are in no hurry to go to the doctor with this problem for years. Laxatives simply stop helping after 3-5 years of use, because the intestines have become “lazy”. The result is all the vitamins and useful material stop entering the body. Allergy and oncology in such a person is just around the corner.

Improper nutrition, snacking, physical inactivity, gastrointestinal diseases, the tradition of having a glass or two on Friday are the main causes of malfunctions in this important organ.

Postoperative intestinal atony

Postoperative intestinal atony - persistent constipation after surgery on the digestive tract. Successfully treated with Kalimin. This medicine improves peristalsis and motility of the gastrointestinal tract. Contraindications: hypersensitivity, diabetes, pregnancy. Possible nausea, vomiting, stomach colic, lacrimation, myasthenia gravis, increased secretion of lacrimal and salivary glands, weakness, miosis. Taken orally, 60 mg every 5 hours.

Atony of the large intestine

Intestinal atony, in other words - constipationassociated with weakening of the muscles of the large intestine. Colon gradually, from childhood it is stretched by fecal stones. Constipation is especially prone to women in the second half of pregnancy. Constipation also affects those who eat too much smoked food. With intestinal atony, intoxication of the body occurs. Today in the arsenal of physicians there are enough remedies for the treatment of constipation. Eat more dairy products and limit eggs. For constipation that lasts more than 3 days, see your doctor.

Atony of the stomach and intestines

Atony of the intestines and stomach develops most often with an improperly composed diet. The patient is worried about the sagging stomach, sometimes there are phenomena intestinal obstruction, painful, prolonged constipation. The volume of feces is small, it is very dry. To avoid these phenomena, follow a few simple rules:

Eat more food rich in fiber.
Address to the neuropathologist. In some diseases, a violation of the innervation of the stomach and intestines is possible.
Move more.

Symptoms of intestinal atony

Normal stool frequency is 4 times a week. If emptying occurs less often, be alert and try to identify the cause of constipation. It could be:

Starvation.
Binge eating.
If you have been in bed for a long time due to illness.
Smoking.

Patients with intestinal atony have no appetite, they are often lethargic.

Want to help yourself? Refuse fried and smoked, pies, chocolate and rich broths, pomegranates, mushrooms, garlic and radishes, legumes. Beets, buckwheat and carrots bring invaluable benefit intestines. Useful kefir, lean meat and honey.

Intestinal atony in children

Intestinal atony in children most often occurs under the influence of psychological factor, for example, when being weaned or potty trained. Chronic constipation can be from insufficient water intake. Good for treating constipation in children glycerin suppositories. They contribute to the reflex emptying of the intestines of the baby. The candle should be entered 20 minutes after breakfast.

Intestinal atony in the elderly

sedentary image life and operations performed on older people often lead to constipation. good method fight against constipation - a dairy and vegetable menu, walks and enemas. Give the patient before breakfast 2 tbsp. l. sunflower oil, biokefir, for breakfast, offer to eat boiled beetroot salad, baked apple, raisins, prunes. For lunch, hodgepodge and borscht are good, mashed potatoes, sauerkraut, bananas, berries and greens. Grind fruits and vegetables on a grater. Pass 400 prunes through a meat grinder and add 100 g of honey. The mixture is taken on an empty stomach. It is good to do enemas with chamomile.

Diagnosis of intestinal atony

The doctor takes a stool bacteriological analysis, does a colonoscopy, if necessary - a biopsy. Intestinal atony is easily determined by the patient's typical complaints of long delay chair. To clarify the causes, diagnostics are carried out in the laboratory and with the help of special instrumental methods research.

Treatment of intestinal atony

Traditional laxatives - only symptomatic remedies, they cannot eliminate the very cause of impaired bowel movement. Plus, they wear out over time. The patient becomes very irritable and goes to the doctor for an appointment. You need to radically review your diet. Exclude from it rice, hard-boiled eggs, pears. Exercise helps and massotherapy belly.

Eat fresh and canned lingonberries, include rhubarb, prunes, apricots, plums and prunes, cherries in your diet.

Pour 10 g of oregano with a glass of water and drink a tablespoon twice a day.

Drugs for intestinal atony

An effective remedy for solving problems such as intestinal atony is distigmine bromide. It stimulates the work of exocrine glands, increases peristalsis. Used for chronic constipation. Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity, bradycardia, asthma, stomach ulcers, renal colic, chronic heart failure. Do not prescribe during pregnancy and lactation. Bradycardia, hyperhidrosis, muscle spasms are possible. Drink half an hour before the first meal. Per day - no more than 10 mg of the drug.

Neostigmine methyl sulfate is a drug for intestinal atony that increases muscle tone GIT. Enhances the work of exocrine glands. With epilepsy, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, angina pectoris, asthma, atherosclerosis, thyrotoxicosis, stomach ulcer, in acute period infectious diseases neostigmine methyl sulfate is not prescribed. During pregnancy and lactation, it is prescribed with caution, comparing the risk to the health of the mother with the risk to the child. Possible headache, convulsions, loss of consciousness and miosis, arrhythmia, bradycardia, tachycardia and cardiac arrest. The drug is administered orally, intramuscularly and intravenously. The dosage is selected individually, taking into account age, body weight and other factors.

Prozerin with intestinal atony

Intestinal atony after surgery is eliminated with Prozerin. Prozerin facilitates transmission nerve impulses restores neuromuscular conduction. Increases the secretion of the glands of the gastrointestinal tract, tones the muscles. Contraindications: epilepsy, ischemic heart disease, bradycardia, angina pectoris, asthma, stomach ulcer, atherosclerosis, peritonitis. Side effects: nausea, vomiting, flatulence, headache, weakness, drowsiness and visual disturbances. Apply inside 30 minutes before meals 10-15 mg three times a day. S / c: adults - 0.5-1-2 mg (0.5 mg - 1 ml of a 0.05% solution) 1-2 times a day, maximum single dose- 2 mg, daily - 6 mg.

Diet for intestinal atony

Regular constipation is often caused by dry food on the go or malnutrition. You need to eat fractionally, in small portions, at the same time, 5 times a day. All dishes need to be boiled, preferably steamed if possible, and not fried and smoked. Can be baked in the oven. The share of protein in the diet is 60%. Recommended in the morning vegetable juice, at night - yogurt, yogurt, sour cream or kefir. Dieting goes hand in hand with exercise. Useful stale bread and dry cookies, vegetable soups, borscht and cabbage soup, lean meat, poultry, sausages, vegetable dishes from cauliflower, zucchini, tomatoes, carrots and herbs, dishes from barley groats and millet, pasta. Canned food and salty fish prohibited. It is impossible to use rich broths, peas and beans, rice, mushrooms, garlic, chocolate and coffee, pomegranates, quince in the diagnosis of "intestinal atony". Useful sea kale, compotes, kissels, baked apples, grated carrots with honey and various vegetable salads, natural yoghurts, veal and prunes.

Atony is a disease in which there is a loss of tone and weakness of the muscles. And intestinal atony is a pathology of the intestine, in which its dysfunction is manifested.

A more precise term is insufficient peristalsis. The consequence is prolonged absence defecation or constipation.

Development and progression of atony

This disease may develop in chronic form and be quite long in terms of observation (even several years), since many are in no hurry to go to the doctor, having discovered symptoms of atony.

Prolonged stool retention can occur even when taking laxatives, and this is where you need to sound the alarm.

Contractions of the smooth muscles of the intestine, of which it is composed, help to move food out of the intestine. upper division to the bottom. The norm for the number of such contractions is about eighteen times per minute, however, with atony, a weakening and a decrease in the number of contractions are observed, and therefore - wrong job digestive tract.

For this reason, constipation appears, which can be present for many years, if symptoms are not detected in time, the causes are not dealt with, and intestinal atony is not treated. Also, atony can be a pathology against the background of an organ disease. gastrointestinal tract, so going to the doctor is a matter that does not require delay.

Intestinal atony can occur:

If you don't watch your diet, your diet is far from healthy. high-calorie, fatty food weakens the tone of the intestine. Also - starvation, malnutrition and dry food.

May affect the lack of the necessary range of motion. This may be due to both working conditions and laziness. This leads to a weakening of peristalsis.

neuroses, mental stress And similar factors- do not provide positive impact on the body in principle, and the impact on the work of the intestines is negative.

Long period of taking certain medical preparations- can adversely affect bowel function if not protected during treatment.

Alcohol intake, smoking also have a toxic effect, and can cause a violation of the stable functioning of the intestine. Also toxic factor have tumors that release toxins as they grow.

In the period after childbirth, a woman notices weakness of peristalsis, which may result in this disease.

There are a number of conditions containing special causes:

Old age - in older people, intestinal atony develops against the background of changes in body processes and its condition.

genetic inheritance - if similar pathology has an older relative, then there is a risk of its occurrence in a child.

The consequence of the surgical intervention of doctors is postoperative atony, characterized as an adhesive disease.

Symptoms of atony

The main symptom of intestinal atony is constipation. Usually, the delay in the act of defecation can be more than two days. Additionally, the following symptoms are characteristic:

Disorders in the intestinal microflora.
Lack of appetite.
Bloating and pain in the abdomen.
The state of health worsens and the mucous membrane can become inflamed.
Headache.
Drowsiness.
There is flatulence.
Lethargy.
Insomnia and great irritability.
Anemia, due to the body not absorbing iron.

Intestinal atony leads to atonic constipation, but may be a factor in the occurrence of types of constipation:

Alimetary - the most frequent view due to poor nutrition.
Psychogenic - resulting from the influence of psychogenic factors, stress.
Toxic - associated with intoxication of the body and poisoning by smoking or heavy chemicals.
Endocrine - arising from endocrine disorders.
Neurogenic - associated with disorders and wrong action nervous mechanism regulation.

However, constipation that contributes to intestinal atony may occur due to polyps in the intestine, adhesive process, tumors or abnormalities associated with the course of intestinal development.

After three days of constipation, the patient develops nausea, heaviness in the abdomen, lack of appetite. Body temperature becomes higher unstable pressure, the color of the face changes.

Toxins enter the blood harmful substances due to putrefactive processes in the intestines, because it is in it that the process of absorption of elements takes place. So from constipation in the body occurs internal intoxication. Further, the intestinal mucosa may become inflamed, the microflora will be disturbed, and the general condition of the body will worsen. Such processes contribute allergic reactions and immune disorders.

You should not treat intestinal atony on your own, without a doctor's examination, using only laxatives for constipation. After a long time, the use of laxatives will no longer give the desired effect. If you do not go to the doctor in time and do not carry out treatment, then the development of problems associated with the presence of toxins in the intestines, the formation of coprolites (fecal stones), mucus and many harmful microorganisms and toxins. Atony is a direct path to oncological diseases.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosis is made by a gastroenterologist or proctologist. She passes without various kinds difficulty based on symptoms.

The doctor first of all needs to determine the cause, so he interrogates the patient, finds out possible impact symptoms and causes (patient lifestyle, presence of bad habits, heredity).

Treatment of intestinal atony

As mentioned earlier, it is not uncommon for patients to go to the doctor after the cessation of the laxatives they were taking. And this is fundamentally wrong, since a laxative is in the nature of a symptomatic remedy.

Constipation remains, and the mucous membrane atrophies, which only worsens the disease. The treatment for atony is to health diet And proper diet nutrition. Food only from small portions and certain products, the result will be produced from the impact.

If intestinal atony is detected, treatment should be complex, therefore, in addition to healthy diet will be involved special exercises, wellness belly massage and medications.

Of the drugs, laxatives and enemas are most likely to be prescribed. Also - those that contribute to the normalization of the intestinal walls and improve peristalsis.

For example:

Pancreatin. The drug is enzymatic, improves digestion.
Amiridin. Improves the transmission of nerve impulses, but only as prescribed by a doctor.
Regulax. herbal preparation that has a laxative effect. Gently affects the intestines.
Espumizan. The drug reduces bloating from gases in the intestines.
Metoclopramide. The drug has an antiemetic effect, tones the intestines.
Prozerin. The drug comprehensively stimulates the intestines, is used during treatment in the hospital.
Antispasmodics may be prescribed for pain.

The work of the intestines is also stimulated by a glass of warm boiled water taken on empty stomach at the beginning of the day about half an hour before meals. Plentiful drink also promotes peristalsis. Doctors recommend taking at least two liters of water per day so that water remains in the food passing through the intestines. And at night it is recommended to take a couple of tablespoons of wheat bran and drink one tablespoon of vegetable oil.

With intestinal atony, the diet carries the rejection of harmful high-calorie foods. The patient's diet includes dairy products(fat-free kefir, curdled milk), kvass, natural juices as well as some types of fruits, berries and vegetables.

Foods with a high level of fiber and fat, the coarse fibers of which help the stomach return to normal level performance. They are not absorbed, but clean it like a brush. Suitable - buckwheat, carrots, oranges, apples, bread, bran.

And for a laxative effect, prunes, figs, seaweed, thyme tea, flax seed tincture are suitable.

It is allowed to use:

Vegetable soups in meat broth.
Meat and fish are recommended to use low-fat, sausages.
Buckwheat, barley and millet groats.
Pasta.
Sauerkraut and cauliflower, zucchini, tomatoes, cucumbers, beets, peas.
From the sweet we use: apples, oranges, honey, ice cream, marmalade, dried fruits, jam, juices (apricot and plum, especially).

But the list of prohibited foods for atony includes:

Sweet products and confectionery with fat cream (creams and cakes).
Bread and bread products made from flour of the highest grades.
Canned food, twists, mushrooms.
Smoked meat, fatty fish and meat, lard.
Rice, semolina, rich fatty broths.
Onions, garlic, spices, seasonings, mustard, sauces, horseradish.
Chocolate, cocoa, strong tea, coffee.
Whole milk.
Legumes, fresh white cabbage.

Basic nutrition rules

It is important to strictly observe the schedule of food intake and gastric emptying, which will be helped by a complex of special exercise and wellness massage of the abdomen with a therapeutic effect.

In the matter of treating atony, one should not rely on oneself, but it is better to immediately contact a specialist. Otherwise, you can not only harm yourself, but also significantly complicate the subsequent treatment.

Exercises involved in the treatment of intestinal atony strengthen the muscles pelvic floor and abdominals, and develop them.

Here are some of them:

1) Cycling - performed lying on your back, with legs raised, which make rotational movements characteristic of cycling. Exercise makes the muscles of the thighs and the press stronger, and the blood supply to the organs of this area is better.

2) Pressing the knees - grab the legs bent at the knees with your hands and press firmly to the stomach. Fix this position of the body for a few seconds, then return to the starting position. It strengthens the abdominal and leg muscles.

3) Lying on the floor and without lifting your shoulders, bend your leg at the knee, and then try to reach it to the floor. Do it separately on each side. From this exercise, the lower back and back are strengthened, and the intestines are stimulated.

4) Being in a kneeling position, pull back the right and left leg, bending in the back. This makes the buttocks and back stronger.

Pay attention to your lifestyle, you need to do physical exercises for prevention, run, swim, strengthen your body, developing physically. You can take walks and move more.

Do not forget about nutrition, balance it. Eliminate unhealthy and unhealthy foods from your diet and add more vegetables and fruits, if you follow in advance simple rules, then intestinal atony, symptoms and treatment do not threaten you.

One of the most common diseases among the population of highly developed countries is intestinal atony - a disease that is characterized by a violation of the peristaltic movements of the intestine (or rather, sharp decline their frequency, strength and duration).
A little for a better understanding of the article
Peristaltic actions are carried out due to contractions smooth muscle intestines - it is for this reason that the movement of food masses through the intestines is ensured. In turn, smooth muscle contracts due to the impact of impulses coming from the vegetative section. nervous system(parasympathetic and sympathetic). Moreover, in ensuring the innervation of the intestine, there is also a separately allocated metasympathetic section of the nervous system, anatomically represented by ganglia located in the mesentery of the intestine. And most importantly, all these departments are indirectly connected with the central nervous system, which causes a number of clinically important features.

What are the causes of intestinal atony?

It should be noted that there is no specific factor that in 100% of cases causes the development of this disease, since it does not have an organic structure, in the vast majority of cases. That is, we can say that intestinal atony is psychosomatic illness and is nothing more than a consequence of dysfunction from the central nervous system. Although it is not possible to reliably identify the factors that are direct cause development of the disease, it is possible full confidence talk about the so-called risk factors that contribute to the development of this nosology:

permanent or severe stress, permanent nervous strain, fatigue, sleep disturbance and wakefulness;
A sedentary lifestyle, which is commonly referred to as physical inactivity;
Violation of the diet. Irregular eating habits a large number food at a time, eating before bedtime, addiction to fatty and fried foods, sweet, peppery and overly salty - all this contributes to disruption of the peristaltic functions of the intestine;
Iatrogenic factors - that is, the causes, one way or another associated with the use of certain medications (analgesics, antispasmodics and morphine-like drugs);
Various helminthiases;
Alcohol abuse and smoking;
Oncological processes;
genetic predisposition;
Some types of diets or violation of the diet.

Separately, it is necessary to highlight postoperative atony of the intestine, since in this particular case we are talking about the morphological defect that leads to the development of the above symptoms.

That is, during the operation, a part of the intestine is removed along with the mesentery, in which the nerve ganglia are located, which are responsible for the innervation of this anatomical structure. Yes, and due to the removal of the intestine itself, a violation of the contraction of smooth muscles occurs - or the peristaltic movements become insufficiently strong in order to ensure adequate movement of food masses along digestive tract. Thus, one can be convinced that intestinal atony can have a certain morphological basis, however given reason rarely leads to this disease.

Regarding trigger factors (risk factors, in other words), one thing can be said - the vast majority of them are found among the population of precisely highly developed countries, which, in fact, explains such a high percentage of prevalence in these parts of the pathology in question.

Symptoms of atony

Pain and bloating. This symptom is one of the main components dyspeptic syndrome. What is most interesting, the pain can be completely different character- it can be either acute (dagger, paroxysmal - as with appendicitis or perforated ulcer stomach), and dull, aching. The symptom is, let's say, very vague. Regarding the localization of pain - also no specifics, it can manifest itself in any area of \u200b\u200bthe abdomen, but most often - in the umbilical region. This kind of manifestation is often confused with signs of an acute abdomen.
Bloating is also characteristic symptom, especially pronounced after eating.
Flatulence.
Symptom of coprostasis due to impaired progression stool in the large intestine.
Psychoneurological symptoms - nervousness and hyperexcitability.
Symptoms indicating inadequate dietary intake nutrients, vitamins, micro- and macroelements - pallor, hair loss, decreased immunity and adaptive abilities of the body.

How can intestinal atony be diagnosed?

In order to confirm or refute the diagnosis of intestinal atony, it will be necessary to conduct a number of additional clinical and laboratory studies, only one assessment general condition the patient is not enough. First of all, the data of general clinical research methods are evaluated - general analysis blood, general urinalysis, fecal analysis for eggs of worms and coprocytorgamma, stool culture for culture media with the determination of the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibacterial drugs. In the vast majority of cases, no changes will be found, since intestinal atony is more like an exception diagnosis, it is very rare when intestinal motility is a symptom of some disease.

In order to dispel the last doubts about the correctness of the diagnosis, it will be necessary to conduct some instrumental studies:

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy - this study involves assessing the condition of the mucosa of several sections of the gastrointestinal tract - from the esophagus to duodenum. If necessary, a biopsy can be taken.
Sigmoidoscopy is a similar study, only in this case the condition of the rectum is assessed.
Ultrasonography bodies abdominal cavity.
X-ray of the abdominal organs with contrast.
If you suspect concomitant pathology from the liver and pancreas, which in a certain way affect clinical picture, it will be necessary to carry out biochemical analysis blood (renal-hepatic complex and electrolytes).

Treatment

In the treatment of intestinal atony, the elimination of neuropsychiatric prerequisites for the development of this disease is of fundamental importance, that is, reducing the emotional burden on the patient, creating a comfortable microclimate, and so on. In addition, it is necessary to make a correction in the diet and the frequency of meals. The diet involves the use of a large number of foods that stimulate intestinal motility (dairy products, apples, pears), while excluding from the list of foods with this diet all foods that stimulate flatulence (cabbage, legumes).

Naturally, in the event that intestinal atony is not primary (idiopathic), but secondary disease, That priority treatment will be the root cause of the pathology.

Drug treatment of intestinal atony also includes a pathogenetic and symptomatic approach. Used drugs such as:

Pancreatin - enzyme preparation, the action of which allows you to optimize the digestion of food masses (the so-called replacement therapy).
Metoclopramide is a drug that has a pronounced antiemetic effect, and also stimulates the antiemetic effect.
Amiridin - allows you to improve the transmission of neuromuscular impulses.
Regulax - has a laxative effect.
Prozerin - significantly improves neuromuscular transmission. Prozerin also significantly increases intestinal tone. Proserin is used only in a hospital, under the supervision of the attending physician (proserin has many side effects). It should be noted that prozerin treatment is used only in the very last resort, with intestinal atony in the lungs and medium degree gravity proserin is not recommended.

conclusions

In most cases, the treatment of intestinal atony is aimed at eliminating the symptoms of this disease, since even the use of proserin does not allow the neuromuscular transmission to be fully restored (in the event that the cause of the disease lies precisely in this). In case of postoperative intestinal atony, prozerin treatment will no longer bring the expected effect, since the ganglia necessary for adequate innervation will be removed. Symptomatic therapy, diet, pathogenetic treatment- all these are necessary approaches that, when used in combination, give a positive result.