When should a child be seen by a psychiatrist? Psychiatrist

The child lags behind peers in psychoverbal or motor development. It is important to remember that if you went to a speech therapist and a delay was diagnosed speech development(ONR of any degree), stuttering, dysarthria, multiple defects in sound pronunciation - this is already a reason to see a doctor child psychiatrist or a neurologist in order to find out the causes of speech disorders.

Upon admission to kindergarten, the school had difficulties with adaptation, behavior, academic performance, complaints are received from educators, teachers. There are different situations, including biased attitude to the child from the caregivers, teaching adults, but one way or another, this state of affairs negatively affects the psycho emotional state child, and it is better to sort everything out with the help of a specialist, not being afraid of the very fact of seeking help from a doctor with the prefix "psycho" in the title.

The child is already over 3 years old, and he still often pees at night, sleeps in diapers or soils his panties. The child is about 2-2.5 years old, but he has not learned to go to the potty or the process of potty training is associated with some noticeable difficulties, causes fear in the child, expressed protest. Difficulties with physiological functions (eg. frequent urination during the day, the fear of going to the toilet in a public place, known to all " bear disease"- the urge to defecate, liquefaction of the stool against the background emotional stress) without a known somatic (physical) reason is also a reason to consult a child psychiatrist.

One of the most common problems in Russia is late breastfeeding, when breastfeeding lasts more than 1.3-1.5 years. A common misconception, including among pediatricians, sounds something like this: “the longer you feed, the better.” Unfortunately, for the absence of colds, sound sleep at night after the next feeding, an already matured baby in the future has to pay with a variety of neuroses and adaptation disorders. Therefore, if you have problems with weaning a child older than a year, consult not only with your pediatrician, but also with child psychotherapist.

In line with the protracted breastfeeding located co-sleeping with a child older than one year.

Cover the full range of problems that require the attention of a doctor child psychiatrist(psychotherapist) in one article is very difficult, so I will list a number of symptoms that are extremely important to pay attention to as early as possible:

Closure, unusual preferences in food, clothing, stereotypical movements (shaking hands, swinging), lack of interest in other children.
Tics and/or vocalisms. Blinking, twitching of mimic muscles, coughing, "hunting" (as if tickling in the throat all the time), any sounds involuntarily uttered by the child.
Sleepwalking, sleep-talking, sleep disturbances, night terrors.

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The branch of medicine known as child psychiatry is an important area, the importance of which cannot be overestimated. Many children are prone to various mental illnesses, so a specialist in this field has to deal with mental pathologies, their symptoms, causes, features of diagnosis and treatment, as well as the prevention of mental illness in children and adolescents. Special medical training helps the doctor to diagnose, treat, prevent and rehabilitate mental disorders.

Often, a psychiatrist is contacted to provide assistance in connection with an existing congenital pathology or hereditary disease. In addition to the manifestation of congenital anomalies, a psychiatrist working with children is faced with ailments and abnormalities acquired in the process of a child's growth. The cause of many problems is the upbringing of children, which often leads to the most serious violations V adolescence. Parents often come to see a psychiatrist when they realize that their child is suffering from a developmental delay. The true reason pathologies can be changes in the body that occur during the transition period or are completely different, but only a specialist can establish this.

By the nature of his activity, the doctor advises parents and teachers on issues of education, as well as creating a favorable environment in the family and children's team. In addition, a child psychiatrist deals with the referral of a child to a specialized kindergarten or educational institution, determines whether the child should study individually, who needs an exemption from exams, and who needs to apply for a disability.

Stigmatization

The advice to take their child to a child psychiatrist is perceived by many parents as a personal insult. There are several explanations for this circumstance.

In our culture, mental disorders are still associated with something “indecent”, it is believed that a child suffering from a mental illness is not born in a normal family, so parents can be haunted by guilt and their own inadequacy for many years. This phenomenon is called stigmatization (“stigmatization” is a negative social consequence diagnosis mental illness associated with the stereotype that has developed in society to perceive it as shameful, rejecting, discriminating).

I can state with all responsibility that mental disorders in children occur in a variety of families and there are many reasons for the occurrence of such disorders, some of them are still unknown to science.

Reasons for visiting a child psychiatrist

What should parents be wary of in a child's condition when it makes sense to turn to a child psychiatrist?

IN early age - general nervousness (irritability, excitability, decreased appetite, restlessness, tendency to causeless temperature fluctuations).

In preschool and early childhood school age - hyperactivity (after 3 years), lethargy, persistent monotonous games, especially with non-game objects (strings, sticks), obsessively repetitive movements or actions, pathological habits (nail biting, hair pulling, irritation of the genitals, rocking before bedtime, excessive tendency to fantasize (when a child reincarnates into an image and does not leave it for a long time), lag in speech, mental development, daytime or nighttime (after 6 years), urinary and fecal incontinence (in the absence of damage to the spinal cord and urological diseases), stuttering, persistent recurring fears in the daytime and at night, sleepwalking, sleep-talking, violation of the development of school skills.

In adolescence- behavioral disorders (aggressiveness, cruelty, tendency to leave and vagrancy, suicidal statements, hatred of relatives, isolation), persistent restriction of food intake with the desire to lose weight, painful attitude to real insignificant handicap(excessive fixation on it), excessive one-sided hobbies, which are given most of the time to the detriment of study and communication.

How should I prepare for my visit to a child psychiatrist?

Try not to focus your child's attention on this consultation. If possible, he should feel calm and confident.

What happens at a child psychiatrist's appointment?

1. The doctor will listen to complaints, ask about previous diseases and lifestyle.
2. Conduct a conversation with the child and analyze the child's condition, the development of the disease and its possible causes.
3. Prescribe medication or refer you to a clinical psychologist for psychocorrectional work will give advice on lifestyle.
4. Decide the necessary social issues: referral to a specialized kindergarten or school, transfer of a child to individual education, exemption from exams at school, disability registration.

What additional examinations can a child psychiatrist prescribe?

1. Electroencephalography (EEG).
2. Ultrasound examination of the brain.
3. Computed tomography of the brain.
4. Consultations of other specialists.

Myths about psychiatry

Myth 1: Psychiatrist, psychotherapist and psychologist are one and the same

A psychologist is not a medical specialty, he is engaged in psychodiagnostics and psychocorrection, but does not prescribe treatment. Psychologists working in schools are, as a rule, educational psychologists who work with healthy children. And only clinical psychologists educated in medical universities have an understanding of mental pathology and how to work with it. A psychiatrist is a doctor who makes a psychiatric diagnosis, prescribes the necessary additional examination and treatment. A psychotherapist is a psychiatrist who has specialized in psychotherapy. He is engaged non-drug treatment mental pathology - with special methods it affects the psyche, and through the psyche - on the whole organism.

Myth 2: If you turn to a psychiatrist, they will definitely “register”.

In our country, according to the "Law on Psychiatric Care", the appeal to a psychiatrist is a purely voluntary matter. Examination, observation, treatment of a child under 15 years old is carried out only with the consent of his legal representatives (parents, guardians), and from 15 years old - with the consent of the teenager himself. Involuntary examination, observation, treatment may be if the child is dangerous to himself or others, but this requires a court decision, which is made on the basis of the arguments of a psychiatrist.

After examining the child, identifying problems, the child psychiatrist explains to the parents the need for certain measures:
in case of psychological problems or related to improper upbringing in the family, refer to a psychologist or psychotherapist;
with unexpressed mental pathology, that is, neuroses, delays mental development, behavioral disorders - takes under the supervision of an advisory group, that is, parents apply for an appointment as needed; if they do not apply for a year, then they are removed from observation; outpatient card goes to the archive;
in chronic mental disorders with severe frequent exacerbations, the child is taken under dispensary observation He needs regular medical check-ups and treatment.

Parents can refuse mental health care for their child by writing a waiver.

Myth 3: If you once turned to a psychiatrist with a child, they will find out about it in kindergarten, school, at work.

According to the same "Law on Psychiatric Care", information about treatment or observation is not distributed - they are a medical secret protected by law. A psychiatrist may only provide information to the legal representatives of the child, the investigating authorities or the court upon their request.

Myth 4: If a child saw a psychiatrist, then when the child grows up, he will not be allowed to drive a car, will not sign a work permit, and will not be considered fit for military service.

If a person was observed by a psychiatrist in childhood, and then was removed from observation, the outpatient card is stored in the archive for 25 years. When he comes to the commission to obtain a driver's license, to work, then, as a rule, "children's" diagnoses are not a contraindication either for driving a car, or for getting a job, or for military service.

N.B. If a parent has doubts - this is a disease or a deviation, if there are already not enough resources to help the child, of course, it is better to apply for qualified help. Caring for the well-being and health of the child is the most important thing.

It happens that violations child behavior are not deviations at all, although they look like something terrible, wrong.

Oleg Roy, a writer, not a psychologist and psychiatrist, said: “Very often, children's restlessness, disobedience and the desire to break the rules are nothing more than an unconscious cry for help, an inept attempt to interest oneself, attract attention to oneself and get at least a drop of care and warmth, which they lack so much.

Reason to think.

Voronov Vitaly Andreevich - d av. Department No. 1 of the Healthcare Institution of Higher Education "Vologda Regional Psychoneurological Dispensary No. 1", psychiatrist, forensic psychiatric expert, consultant "Family Counseling and family therapy Charitable Foundation "Road to Home"

Voronov Vitaly Andreevich

Often, a psychiatrist is contacted to provide assistance in connection with an existing congenital pathology or hereditary disease. In addition to the manifestation of congenital anomalies, a psychiatrist working with children is faced with ailments and abnormalities acquired in the process of a child's growth. The cause of many problems is the upbringing of children, which often leads to the most serious violations during adolescence. Parents often come to see a psychiatrist when they realize that their child is suffering from a developmental delay. The true cause of the pathology may be changes in the body that occur during the transition period or are completely different, but only a specialist can establish this.

By the nature of his activity, the doctor advises parents and teachers on issues of education, as well as creating a favorable environment in the family and the children's team. In addition, a child psychiatrist deals with the issue of sending a child to a specialized kindergarten or educational institution, determines whether the child should study individually, who needs to be exempted from exams, and who needs to register a disability.

Stigmatization

The advice to take their child to a child psychiatrist is perceived by many parents as a personal insult. There are several explanations for this circumstance.

In our culture, mental disorders are still associated with something “indecent”, it is believed that a child suffering from a mental illness is not born in a normal family, so parents can be haunted by guilt and their own inadequacy for many years. This phenomenon is called stigmatization (“stigmatization” is a negative social consequence of the diagnosis of a mental illness, associated with the stereotype that has developed in society to perceive it as shameful, rejecting, discriminating).

Reasons for visiting a child psychiatrist

What should parents be wary of in a child's condition when it makes sense to turn to a child psychiatrist?

In young years- general nervousness (irritability, irritability, decreased appetite, restlessness, tendency to unreasonable temperature fluctuations).

In preschool and early school age- hyperactivity (after 3 years), lethargy, persistent monotonous games, especially with non-game objects (strings, sticks), obsessively repetitive movements or actions, pathological habits (nail biting, hair pulling, irritation of the genitals, rocking before bedtime, excessive tendency to fantasize (when a child reincarnates into an image and does not leave it for a long time), lag in speech, mental development, daytime or nighttime (after 6 years), urinary and fecal incontinence (in the absence of damage to the spinal cord and urological diseases), stuttering, persistent recurring fears in the daytime and at night, sleepwalking, sleep-talking, violation of the development of school skills.

In adolescence- behavioral disorders (aggressiveness, cruelty, a tendency to leave and wander, suicidal statements, hatred of loved ones, isolation), persistent restriction of food intake with the desire to lose weight, a painful attitude to a real minor physical defect (excessive fixation on it), excessive one-sided hobbies, who devote most of their time to the detriment of study and communication.

How should I prepare for my visit to a child psychiatrist?

Try not to focus your child's attention on this consultation. If possible, he should feel calm and confident.

What happens at a child psychiatrist's appointment?

1. The doctor will listen to complaints, ask about past illnesses and lifestyle.
2. Conduct a conversation with the child and analyze the child's condition, the development of the disease and its possible causes.
3. He will prescribe medication or refer him to a clinical psychologist for psycho-correctional work, and give recommendations on lifestyle.
4. Will solve the necessary social issues: sending to a specialized kindergarten or school, transferring the child to individual education, exemption from exams at school, disability registration.

What additional examinations can a child psychiatrist prescribe?

1. Electroencephalography (EEG).
2. Ultrasound examination of the brain.
3. Computed tomography of the brain.
4. Consultations of other specialists.

Myths about psychiatry

Myth 1: Psychiatrist, psychotherapist and psychologist are one and the same

A psychologist is not a medical specialty, he is engaged in psychodiagnostics and psychocorrection, but does not prescribe treatment. Psychologists working in schools are, as a rule, educational psychologists who work with healthy children. And only clinical psychologists educated in medical schools have an idea about mental pathology and how to work with it. A psychiatrist is a doctor who makes a psychiatric diagnosis, prescribes the necessary additional examination and treatment. A psychotherapist is a psychiatrist who has specialized in psychotherapy. He is engaged in non-drug treatment of mental pathology - with special methods it affects the psyche, and through the psyche - on the whole organism.

Myth 2: If you turn to a psychiatrist, they will definitely “register”.

After examining the child, identifying problems, the child psychiatrist explains to the parents the need for certain measures:
in case of psychological problems or related to improper upbringing in the family, refer to a psychologist or psychotherapist;
with unexpressed mental pathology, that is, neurosis, mental retardation, behavioral disorders - takes under supervision in an advisory group, that is, parents apply for an appointment as needed; if they do not apply for a year, then they are removed from observation; outpatient card is sent to the archive;
in chronic mental disorders with severe frequent exacerbations, the child is taken under dispensary observation - he needs regular medical examinations and treatment.

Parents can refuse mental health care for their child by writing a waiver.

Myth 3: If you once turned to a psychiatrist with a child, they will find out about it in kindergarten, school, at work.

Myth 4: If a child saw a psychiatrist, then when the child grows up, he will not be allowed to drive a car, will not sign a work permit, and will not be considered fit for military service.

N.B. If a parent has doubts - this is a disease or a deviation, if there are already not enough resources to help the child, of course, it is better to seek qualified help. Caring for the well-being and health of the child is the most important thing.

It happens that violations of children's behavior are not deviations at all, although they look like something terrible, wrong.

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Who is a psychiatrist?

Psychiatrist is a doctor who diagnoses and treats mental illness and behavioral disorders. The task of the psychiatrist is to identify the presence of mental disorders in the patient, and also try to determine the cause of their occurrence and the level of damage in the brain responsible for the occurrence of characteristic symptoms. Based on the data obtained, the doctor makes a diagnosis, which allows him to prescribe the most effective treatment.

What is the job ( responsibilities) district psychiatrist?

The local psychiatrist is engaged in providing assistance to the population in need of his consultation, that is, he diagnoses and treats mental illnesses, and also provides rehabilitation for patients who have undergone these diseases. Most often, the district psychiatrist provides assistance to patients in outpatient settings (in the clinic). At the same time, if necessary, he can perform hospitalization of patients who need constant supervision, as well as specific treatment.

In addition, the local psychiatrist is a member of the commission that determines the patient's temporary disability, and can also take part in the forced ( involuntary) examining persons suspected of any crimes ( in order to determine their sanity, adequacy, and so on).

What diseases does an adult psychiatrist treat?

As mentioned earlier, a psychiatrist deals with the treatment of diseases that are manifested by a violation of the mental state of the patient. It should be noted that these pathologies can develop not only with the defeat of psycho emotional sphere human, but also accompany some other diseases ( organic, characterized by the defeat of certain internal organs– central nervous system, liver , kidney and so on). That is why, when examining a patient, a specialist should pay attention not only to assessing his mental state, but to identifying possible causes mental disorders. Upon detection of any somatic diseases, which could be manifested by mental disorders ( lesions of the central nervous system, liver failure or kidney failure and so on) the psychiatrist should promptly refer the patient for consultations to the appropriate specialists.

If, during the examination, the doctor did not reveal any organic lesions in the patient, he must correctly assess the manifestations of the patient's mental disorders, and then make a diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a serious disease characterized by a violation of the thinking processes and the defeat of the emotional activity of the patient. The manifestations of the disease can be extremely diverse, from various violations speech to delirium, auditory hallucinations ( people hear sounds that aren't really there) and so on. All this makes the process of diagnosing the disease extremely difficult and requires considerable effort from the psychiatrist.

To treat the disease, the doctor may prescribe various drugs that slow the progression of schizophrenia. As the patient's condition improves, he is also shown psychotherapy and other techniques to restore a normal emotional state and return the patient to his usual life.

It is worth noting that the possibility of a complete cure for schizophrenia has not been confirmed to date. In mild forms of the disease, it is possible dispensary treatment with periodic examinations by a psychiatrist and correction of the treatment regimen. In more severe cases, the doctor may hospitalize the patient for constant surveillance and more intensive treatment, and after improvement of his condition ( remission development) transfer to dispensary observation.

Personality disorders

These mental illnesses begin to manifest themselves in adolescence and persist into adulthood, characterized by severe impairments in thinking and human behavior. The resulting symptoms lead to a disruption in the patient's social life, as a result of which he loses the opportunity to get along with people, to perform certain types activities and so on.

Personality disorders can have a wide variety of manifestations, in connection with which several main types of this pathology have been identified.

To date, psychiatrists distinguish:

paranoid personality disorder- the patient is constantly anxious, tense, negatively disposed towards others.
Schizoid personality disorder- Patients are closed, uncommunicative, not prone to the manifestation of any emotions.
antisocial personality disorder- patients neglect all the norms of behavior in society, while behaving extremely aggressively ( in relation to the environment).
Emotionally unstable personality disorder- characterized by increased aggressiveness of the patient, who practically does not control his behavior in society, and therefore does not get along well in it.
Histrionic Personality Disorder- the patient is prone to excessive emotional manifestations, which, however, are expressed only in the presence of the public and allow the patient to attract the attention of others.
Anancastic personality disorder- characterized by a violation of the patient's ability to make decisions, as a result of which he is constantly tormented by doubts that cause severe discomfort.
Anxious personality disorder- patients are closed, because they constantly consider themselves inferior and are afraid of negative criticism of others.
dependent personality disorder- patients are extremely strongly attached to certain people, without whom they ( as it seems to them) are incapable of doing anything.

It is worth noting that sometimes a patient may have manifestations of several disorders at once, which makes the task of the psychiatrist even more difficult. In this case, it should identify the most pronounced violations mental behavior patient in order to make an accurate diagnosis.

Treatment of personality disorders should aim to reduce external manifestations disease, which would allow the patient to return to a normal social life. For this, a psychiatrist may prescribe various types of psychotherapy ( individual - when a doctor deals with a patient one on one, group - when a doctor deals with a group of people with similar forms of the disease, and so on). Medical therapy at regular forms disease is not welcome, as it practically does not affect the outcome of treatment. Special preparations can be used as a temporary measure to stop extremely severe manifestations of pathology - psychosis, severe depression, and so on.

anxiety disorder

Psychiatrists characterize this condition as feelings of anxiety and fear that are constantly present in the patient, the cause of which they ( Patients) cannot be explained. This pathology can manifest itself as psycho-emotional symptoms (nervousness, irritability, emotional instability), and somatic signs ( headaches, muscle tremors, fatigue, heart palpitations and so on).

Psychiatrists resort to drug treatment of anxiety disorders extremely rarely, only to normalize the general condition of the patient during short span time. For this purpose, sedatives, sleeping pills, antidepressants and other medications are prescribed. However, it is important to remember that only medical treatment of this pathology is unacceptable.

Depression

Depression is a pathological condition in which the emotional, mental and physical activity patient. The patient is constantly in bad mood, is not able to experience joyful emotions, and is also prone to negative thinking about his personality ( considers himself helpless, incapable of anything, guilty of everything around).

Today, depression is considered one of the most common mental illnesses, and the number of suicides is significantly higher among depressed people than among the healthy population. At the same time, it is worth noting that depressed people quite often hide their illness. They may seem cheerful and cheerful, in companies they constantly joke and laugh, but at the same time their internal state can remain extremely difficult, progressing from day to day and leading to the development of various complications.

The task of the psychiatrist in this case is to identify the hidden signs of depression and prescribe appropriate treatment. Treatment should be comprehensive, including various techniques psychotherapy. Medicines (antidepressants) are prescribed for severe forms of the disease, when a pronounced depression of psycho-emotional activity poses a risk to the health and life of the patient ( which can be manifested by a complete lack of appetite, thoughts of suicide, and so on).

Neurosis

This is a psychogenic disease that develops as a result of prolonged or pronounced psycho-emotional overstrain ( injury) and manifested by deterioration general well-being patient, a violation of the emotional sphere and ( Sometimes) violations of the functions of various internal organs. It is immediately worth noting that with neurosis there are no violations of the patient's personality, which allows the psychiatrist to distinguish it from other similar diseases. With timely initiation and proper treatment including psychotherapy, antidepressants, etc.) all symptoms of the disease can be eliminated.

At the same time, it is worth remembering that with repeated exposure to the factors that led to the emergence of this pathology, neurosis can develop anew. That is why, in the process of treatment, the psychiatrist must help the patient not only to get rid of the symptoms of neurosis and return to a normal, familiar life, but also to teach the patient how to prevent neurosis. This is achieved by changing attitudes towards traumatic psycho-emotional factors and stress, through diet therapy, normalization of sleep, yoga, and so on.

Autism

This is a genetically determined disease in which intrauterine underdevelopment of certain parts of the child's brain is observed. This is manifested by a violation of the processes of social adaptation and communication. Children with autism are usually closed, worse than their peers are amenable to learning. At an early age, they begin to show characteristic behavioral disorders- stereotypical ( monotonous, repetitive) movements, the arrangement of toys in a strictly defined order, seizures, and so on.

It is worth noting that the first signs of the disease begin to appear in children during the first 2-3 years of life. It is extremely important to identify them in a timely manner and start treatment as early as possible, since the future of the child largely depends on this.

Psychiatrists, psychologists, neurologists and many other specialists are engaged in the treatment of children with autism. Of the therapeutic measures, special methods of teaching the child, teaching parents ( is extremely milestone treatment to maintain normal family relationships) and so on. If necessary, the doctor may also prescribe certain medications ( antidepressants, antipsychotics and others), however, their use has practically no effect on the prognosis, but only allows you to eliminate some of the symptoms of the disease.

suicidal tendencies

According to statistics, suicide ( suicide) is the third leading cause of death in the world. Every 40 seconds, 1 person on the planet commits suicide. Reasons for suicide can vary, but in most cases, people who attempt suicide have some form of psychiatric disorder ( depression is the main one.).

The role of the psychiatrist in preventing suicide in the population is to timely detection persons prone to suicide and providing them with appropriate assistance ( psycho-emotional, medical and so on). If a person has made several unsuccessful suicide attempts, he can be hospitalized against his will for observation and compulsory treatment in a specialized department psychiatric hospital. In the hospital, such patients are under constant ( around the clock) supervision until their condition stabilizes to prevent harm to themselves.

Consultation with a psychiatrist after a stroke

Stroke is dangerous disease in which the blood vessels of the brain are affected. As a result, there is an acute disruption cerebral circulation which can lead to brain cell death. If a person survives after this, he may experience certain neurological manifestations due to dying nerve cells in certain areas of the brain. It can be movement disorders, loss of sensitivity, disturbances in the processes of speech, vision, hearing, swallowing, and so on.

Strokes are treated by neurologists, neurosurgeons and resuscitators ( with severe manifestations of the disease associated with dysfunction of vital organs). Consultation with a psychiatrist in this case is usually not required. However, if the patient suffered from any psychiatric disorder prior to the stroke, the attending psychiatrist may be part of the physicians involved in the treatment. Its task in this case is to determine which neurological disorders associated with the patient's mental illness, and which are caused by impaired cerebral circulation. It may also include certain drugs ( antidepressants, antipsychotics, sedatives, sleeping pills, etc.) to the treatment regimen, if necessary ( with a normal stroke, such drugs are not prescribed).

Types of psychiatrists

As mentioned earlier, a psychiatrist provides assistance to people suffering from various mental disorders. At the same time, psychiatry now has a narrower focus on identifying and treating mental disorders only in certain groups of the population, which has improved the quality of their services.

What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a neurologist, psychologist, psychotherapist and psychoanalyst?

Unlike a psychiatrist, a neurologist is engaged in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases and lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system. IN this group can be attributed to neuritis ( inflammatory lesions nerves), tumors, strokes ( acute disorders cerebral circulation) and so on. In all listed cases we are talking about an organic lesion of the nervous system, while in mental disorders the disorders are most often of a functional nature.

As for the psychologist, this specialist may not have a higher education at all. medical education. The psychologist does not diagnose or treat any diseases, he does not diagnose, prescribe medication and does not hospitalize patients. Usually he is engaged in the study of the psychological manifestations of the human personality in certain circumstances or conditions, his psycho-emotional reactions and deviations in behavior. The task of this specialist is to provide support to people with severe psychological trauma and experiences, in family and professional conflicts, and so on. He can also teach patients many techniques and techniques to help overcome life difficulties and self-development.

A psychotherapist is a specialist who treats patients by influencing their mental condition. The main working tool of the psychotherapist is speech ( talk), however, at the same time, the conversation of a psychotherapist with a client is fundamentally different from the usual conversation of a doctor with a patient. In the process of psychotherapy sessions, the specialist enters into a trusting relationship with the client, after which, using various methods and techniques, he influences his thinking style, his perception of his “I”, his attitude to problems and to the world around him. In this way, it helps to improve the general well-being of the patient, helping to find solutions to many problems and eliminating various diseases.

The psychoanalyst is even more narrow specialist, who worked as a psychotherapist for several years and underwent additional training in psychoanalysis. The principle of psychoanalysis is that absolutely all the problems and internal conflicts of a person are based on his subconscious, hidden desires. In the process of the patient’s conversation with the psychoanalyst, the doctor first gains his trust, after which, with guiding questions, he helps to open, “bring to the surface” those internal conflicts that the patient himself is not aware of, but which completely and completely determine his thinking and behavior. According to the theory of psychoanalysis, only the full awareness and recognition of one's inner desires and aspirations will allow a person to adequately assess himself, get rid of many prejudices ( "driven" into his subconscious in childhood and adolescence) and start living a full life.

It is important to know that psychoanalysis is a rather lengthy treatment technique that can take several months or even years. It is also worth noting that only a psychotherapist who himself has undergone psychoanalysis can become a psychoanalyst ( from another, already practicing psychoanalyst) and got rid of its own hidden conflicts. Otherwise, there is high risk the fact that in the process of treatment the doctor will not help the patient, but will only impose his own prejudices and prejudices on him.

Child and adolescent psychiatrist

This specialist deals with the correction of mental disorders and diseases in children and adolescents ( under 18). A child psychiatrist has certain knowledge and skills that allow him to communicate correctly and correctly with children and their parents, to timely identify mental disorders in children of various age groups and provide them with the necessary qualified assistance.

When working with adolescents, psychiatrists pay special attention to their psycho-emotional state, trying to gain confidence in them and lead them to a frank conversation. Quite often, this helps to identify the symptoms of certain disorders ( for example, depression, which suffers big number people aged 14 to 18), which the teenager diligently hides from everyone else, including from their parents.

It is important to note that in the treatment of children with mental disorders, attention should be paid not only to the sick child, but also to his parents. The doctor must explain to them everything about the disease of their baby and about the methods of its treatment, as well as teach them how to behave in the family so as not to worsen the child's condition.

Psychiatrist-narcologist

A narcologist is a psychiatrist who deals with the identification, treatment and prevention of various types of addiction.

You can get to the narcologist:

Patients with alcohol dependence alcoholics) - people who abuse alcoholic beverages to such an extent that it violates their social life and negatively affects mental and physical health.
Patients with drug dependence ( drug addicts) those who use various narcotic drugs in any quantities, and in the absence of these drugs, they begin to experience the strongest psycho-emotional and physical experiences.
drug addicts- people who use various toxic substances ( solvents, adhesives, medications but not drugs) in order to achieve a sense of satisfaction.

It is worth noting that today there are other types of addictions in which you can get to a psychiatrist ( internet addiction, computer games and so on). After a detailed examination and assessment of the general condition of the patient, the doctor may prescribe various tests to confirm the diagnosis ( for example, to detect drug residues in the blood or toxic substances ). After the diagnosis is established, a individual scheme treatment, which may include both psychotherapeutic and medical methods. So, for example, on early stages In the treatment of severe drug addiction, the patient is prescribed drugs that are similar in composition to previously taken drugs, but do not have such a pronounced destructive effect on the body. This reduces the severity of the withdrawal syndrome ( "breaking"), and the subsequent dose reduction contributes to the gradual "weaning" of the body from the narcotic substance.

Forensic psychiatrist ( forensic psychiatrist)

This doctor is a specialist who takes part in various litigations. The task of a forensic psychiatrist is to study the state of mental health specific person (accused, defendant) and an assessment of the nature of his actions. In other words, this doctor determines the sanity of the patient at the time he committed the crime and his adequacy in general. It often depends on his conclusion what punishment the person who committed the crime will suffer and whether he will suffer it at all. So, for example, if a psychiatrist determines that at the time of the crime, the defendant was insane ( that is, he was not aware of the nature of his actions and the possible consequences), it can even be justified. At the same time, if in his conclusion the doctor indicates that the patient suffers from certain mental disorders and may pose a danger to others, he ( patient) can be sent for compulsory treatment in a special clinic.

It is also worth noting that not only the defendants and the accused, but also other participants in the trial can be sent for examination to a psychiatrist ( witnesses, victims, etc.) if their testimony or mental health is questioned.

Psychiatrist-sexologist ( sex therapist)

This specialist deals with the treatment of diseases and disorders of the sexual sphere in men and women. The causes of these pathologies can be very different. Some of them may be associated with organic diseases of the genital organs, while others may be due to mental disorders or psychological problems patient.

In any case, a violation of a normal sexual life always affects the emotional state of a person, which is why he needs psychological support. The primary task of the sexopathologist in this case is to identify the causes of the development of the disease. If it is organic damage to the genitals), he should refer the patient for a consultation with an appropriate specialist ( urologist, andrologist, gynecologist and so on). If the reason lies in psycho-emotional problems, the doctor may prescribe the necessary treatment to the patient ( psychotherapy, drug therapy), which can help to improve his well-being and the disappearance of existing problems.

Military psychiatrist in the army

This specialist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in soldiers undergoing military service in the army, as well as those who are in or returned from war zones. The tasks of a psychiatrist include examining a soldier, assessing his mental health and identifying possible mental disorders that may be associated with various factors taking place in peacetime or wartime. After examining a soldier, the doctor issues a conclusion on whether this person can continue to serve in certain types of troops, determines whether he can be entrusted with a weapon, and so on.

family psychiatrist

This specialist is a psychiatrist who provides assistance not only to a person suffering from a mental disorder, but also to his entire family. He prescribes treatment to the patient himself, and also informs his relatives about the nature and course of the existing pathology, about the methods of its treatment and prevention. The psychiatrist also teaches relatives how to behave with the patient, what should and should not be said and done in his presence in order to maintain a favorable environment in the family, speed up the recovery process and reduce the risk of complications.

Psychiatrist-gerontologist ( for the elderly)

Gerontology is the science that studies the aging process. human body and related diseases and pathological conditions. A psychiatrist-gerontologist specializes in helping older people who have certain mental disorders. This specialist knows how to communicate with older people, how to gain confidence in them and help them cope with certain difficulties at their age.

A psychiatrist-gerontologist can help:

At senile dementia. This disease is caused age-related changes in the brain of an elderly person, in particular by lesions blood vessels and impaired blood supply to the brain tissue, which leads to the death of nerve cells in it. This can manifest itself in memory disorders, emotional disorders, behavioral disorders, and so on.
With depression. depression ( persistent depression of mood) in old age can be associated with many factors ( with the death of a spouse, the relocation of children, and so on). In the absence timely assistance this pathology can progress, causing severe suffering to a person and often causing suicide.
With personality disorders and so on.

In the course of treatment, the doctor can use various methods ( psychotherapeutic, medical, etc.). If an elderly person suffers from a disease that requires constant care and observation, and he does not have close relatives, he can be hospitalized in the appropriate department of the hospital or placed in a special center where he will be provided with the necessary care and support.

What symptoms should you see a psychiatrist with?

Psychiatric consultation may be needed if a person has any deviations from normal behavior. It is worth noting that quite often the patient himself does not notice any problems in his mental state, therefore it is extremely important that his close people suspect something was wrong in time and seek help from a specialist.

The presence of mental disorders may indicate:

Depression- Depressed mood that persists for several months in a row.

Sleep disorders- insomnia or, conversely, severe drowsiness ( a person sleeps more than 10 - 12 hours daily).
Emotional instability- a person suddenly becomes whiny or aggressive, irritable, easily loses his temper.
Excessive anxiety- the patient is constantly anxious, afraid of something, although apparent reason no worries.
hallucinations- visual ( the patient sees what is not there), auditory ( hears what is not), olfactory ( senses various non-existent odors).
Rave- a person has incoherent speech that is not related to things or actions that occur in reality.
Conduct violations- the patient begins to perform actions that do not correspond to his environment and time.
Abuse various substances – drugs, alcohol, toxins.
Violation of the processes of thinking, remembering, and so on.

Do I need to undergo a medical examination by a psychiatrist to get a job?

Today, when applying for any job, you need to pass a medical examination, which includes several specialists at once ( therapist, surgeon, optometrist and so on). In some cases, the medical board also includes a psychiatrist. This may be required when applying for a job that requires increased concentration, as well as associated with hazardous activities ( for example, if a person has to deal with weapons, public transport, aircraft, highly hazardous chemicals, and so on). The purpose of the examination by a psychiatrist will be to establish whether the job candidate is a mentally healthy person, that is, whether he will be able to perform the actions required of him and whether he will harm himself and others.

If a person is mentally healthy and stable, the psychiatrist issues a conclusion in which he indicates that the patient is fit to perform a particular activity. If, during the examination, the patient reveals any mental abnormalities, the doctor may indicate in the conclusion that he ( patient) is prohibited from holding a particular position and requires special treatment.

How to get a certificate from a psychiatrist for carrying weapons?

In order to obtain a permit to carry weapons, you must first obtain a special medical certificate confirming that a person will be able to use weapons correctly and will not harm themselves or others.

To obtain a certificate to carry a weapon, you need to go through:

Psychiatry. This specialist determines the mental state of a person, that is, whether he is prone to excessive aggression, whether he suffers from depression or other mental illnesses. Also at the time of the examination, the psychiatrist checks whether the individual has ever been registered for various mental disorders. If none of the above is detected in a person, the doctor issues a conclusion in which he indicates that he ( examined patient) can wield weapons.
Narcologist. This doctor checks if a person is not addicted to any drugs or toxic drugs, alcoholic beverages and so on. If it is revealed that a person suffers from alcoholism, is a drug addict or a drug addict, the doctor will indicate in the conclusion that it is not recommended or even prohibited to issue weapons to him.
Oculist. This doctor evaluates the patient's vision. With a pronounced decrease in visual acuity, a weapon may also not be issued to a person.
Therapist. The therapist evaluates the conclusions of all the above specialists. If everything is in order with a person, he issues him the necessary certificate, with which he must go to law enforcement agencies to go through further procedures for obtaining weapons.

Help from a psychiatrist in the traffic police ( traffic police) to get a driver's license

To obtain a driver's license, you also need to pass a medical examination, which includes a psychiatrist and a narcologist. The purpose of the examination by these specialists is to determine whether the person suffers from any mental illness that could affect the ability to manage vehicle and thereby harm the patient or others. So, for example, if the examined person suffers from alcohol addiction, it is highly likely that when obtaining a driver's license he will drive a car in a state of intoxication, thereby putting people's lives at risk. At the same time, if a person has any mental disorders ( for example, severe depression or suicidal tendencies), he can use the car to commit suicide.

If the examined person has these or any other deviations, the psychiatrist will indicate in the conclusion that this individual is prohibited from driving. In this case, the patient may try to undergo a re-examination only after a certain period of time, after receiving the appropriate treatment. If his condition improves during this period, he may be issued a permit to obtain a driver's license.

Why do I need a certificate from a psychiatrist for kindergarten and school?

Before entering kindergarten and school, a psychiatrist examines the child in order to determine the level of his development and psycho-emotional state, as well as to identify possible mental disorders. The fact is that already in the first years of life, a child may manifest some mental illness. However, parents for a long time do not turn to specialists, writing off the existing symptoms on the characteristics of the development of the child or on other circumstances. A preventive examination of the baby before entering kindergarten will allow him to identify his disorders in time and start treatment in a timely manner.

Before entering the 1st grade of school, the child also needs to be examined by a psychiatrist. During the consultation, the doctor also assesses the state of the child's mental development, his ability to communicate, express his emotions, and so on. This allows you to determine whether the future student will be able to settle down normally in the team. If the child has any pronounced deviations in behavior ( caused by mental illness), the doctor may recommend that he study in special schools.

What is the validity period of a certificate from a psychiatrist?

The validity of a medical certificate from a psychiatrist and narcologist depends on what this certificate was issued for. So, for example, a certificate issued to obtain a permit to carry firearms is valid for six months. If during this period of time a person, for one reason or another, did not manage to obtain this permission, the certificate is considered invalid, that is, the examination by the listed specialists must be repeated.

Certificates issued to children for admission to a kindergarten or school are also valid for 6 months. If the certificate is issued to future drivers for obtaining a driver's license, its validity period is 12 months from the date of issue.

Medical examination by a psychiatrist for a deal

Today, cases of fraud have become more frequent, when certain business transactions are concluded by persons with mental disabilities who ( in law) are not allowed to do so. In this case, if a person, for example, buys an apartment from a mentally ill patient, transferring money to him, this transaction can be challenged in court, as a result of which the buyer will be left without money and without an acquisition ( because the transaction was illegal).

To avoid such incidents and the risks associated with them, both parties can undergo a medical examination by a psychiatrist before making a transaction. As a result of this examination, the doctor will determine whether the examined people are adequate and whether they are able to make independent decisions. After that, the psychiatrist will issue a special certificate ( certificate), confirming that at the time of the transaction, the representatives of both parties were sane and did not suffer from any mental illness. Such a document will guarantee the legality of the ongoing transaction and in the future will be able to protect the buyer and seller from any trouble.

Are preventive psychiatric visits necessary?

As mentioned earlier, a psychiatric examination is mandatory for a child to enter kindergarten and grade 1 of school, as well as to carry weapons, drive a vehicle and engage in some other activities. Further ( for example, when extending the validity of a permit to carry weapons) a person will have to undergo a second examination by a psychiatrist in order to obtain a new certificate.

People who do not fall under the above criteria and do not suffer from any mental disorders do not need preventive examinations by a psychiatrist and narcologist. At the same time, persons who have undergone severe emotional upheavals ( after any injuries, accidents, rapes and so on) may require periodic monitoring by a psychiatrist, since the trauma that has taken place can manifest itself at certain intervals in the form of various mental abnormalities. This is especially true for emotional, receptive individuals. In this case, the specialist will be able to identify the existing mental problems and provide the victim with qualified assistance.

Does a 1 year old child need a psychiatrist?

According to the new regulations of the Ministry of Health, every child at the age of 1 year must be examined by several specialists, one of which is a psychiatrist. During the consultation, the psychiatrist asks certain questions to the mother of the baby ( how the child grows, how he eats, how many words he speaks, and so on). After that, the specialist assesses the condition of the child himself ( whether he can move independently, whether he easily makes contact, how he reacts to certain stimuli, how often he smiles, cries, and so on).

Based on the results obtained, the doctor issues a conclusion on the state of development of the baby. The need for this procedure is due to the fact that some diseases ( e.g. autism) begin to appear during the first years of a child’s life, however, the symptoms of these pathologies may be unexpressed, which is why parents who do not have special training may simply ignore them. At the same time, the success of the treatment of these pathologies largely depends on the timeliness of its initiation ( the earlier the better). On examination one year old baby psychiatrist evaluates him general state development, and also tries to identify the symptoms and signs of certain diseases. If the child does not have such, he issues a conclusion in which he indicates that the patient is developing according to age and does not have any mental abnormalities.

When do you need dispensary registration and outpatient treatment by a psychiatrist?

According to the current legislation, dispensary registration ( More precisely, dispensary observation) is established for patients suffering from severe, often exacerbated mental disorders that significantly affect their quality of life and may pose a danger to themselves and to others. In this case, the patient must be regularly examined by a psychiatrist within a strictly established time frame, regardless of whether he wants it or not. During the examination, the doctor assesses his mental state at the current moment, after which he issues appropriate recommendations about further treatment.

The concept of outpatient treatment ( observation) at a psychiatrist is also defined by the current legislation and applies to persons suffering from mental disorders who independently ( voluntarily) seek help from a specialist. Such treatment ( observation) are subject to patients with light forms mental disorders that do not pose a danger to their health or the health of others. During a visit to a psychiatrist, such patients are examined, after which the specialist also gives them recommendations for further treatment and sets the date for the next examination. It is up to the patient to decide whether to come for a second consultation or not, and whether or not to accept the treatment prescribed by the doctor.

Is it possible to call a psychiatrist at home?

Today, many paid clinics provide such a service as calling a psychiatrist at home. In this case, the specialist psychiatrist) consults the patient in his own home, in his usual surroundings. During the consultation, the doctor talks with the patient, trying to identify certain mental disorders. Also, the doctor has the opportunity to assess the situation in his house or room ( in particular, to study the patient's paintings, books, drawings, etc.), which is of no small importance in the diagnosis. If a particular mental illness is detected, the doctor can prescribe treatment for the patient, as well as recommend repeated consultations after a certain period of time.

It is also worth noting that calling a psychiatrist at home is justified in the case of examination of elderly people suffering from senile dementia or other abnormalities ( Alzheimer's disease, depression and so on). Such people are extremely reluctant to leave their homes, as a result of which a doctor's call is often the only way to help them. In this case, a trained specialist will be able to come into contact with an elderly person and try to establish a relationship with him. friendly relations after which he will conduct an examination and select the most effective method of treatment.

What happens at a psychiatric appointment?

A visit to a psychiatrist may be necessary in case of passing a medical examination, as well as if the patient has any mental deviations in behavior.

Who gives a referral to a psychiatrist?

No referral is required to see a psychiatrist. It is enough just to make an appointment with your district psychiatrist and come to him at the appointed time. The examination and treatment procedure is also free of charge.

At the same time, a referral to a psychiatrist can be issued by a general practitioner, pediatrician, neurologist, neurologist, or family doctor, who, during the examination of the patient, suspected that he had any mental abnormalities or disorders. In this case, he issues a special referral-extract, where he indicates the patient's data, briefly describes the diseases he has suffered and the examinations carried out, and also notes where and which specialist he should contact for further examination and treatment.

Where are the psychiatrists in a hospital or clinic)?

As mentioned earlier, consultation with a psychiatrist may be needed when applying for a job, when applying for study, and under other circumstances. You can be examined by this specialist in the district psycho-neurological and narcological dispensary, where a district psychiatrist usually takes. If the patient suffers from any mental disorders that require more detailed examination, constant monitoring or special treatment, he should also go to a psychiatric hospital. There, after a preliminary consultation and examination, he can be hospitalized in the appropriate department ( depending on the nature of the disease where he will receive adequate treatment.

Equipment for a psychiatrist's office in a polyclinic

According to the current legislation, the psychiatrist's office must have certain devices and devices with which he can examine patients.

Every psychiatrist's office should have:

Couch. It examines the patient if necessary).
Thermometer ( mercury or electronic). It is used to measure the patient's body temperature.
Stethoscope. A special device with which the doctor can listen pulmonary respiration or the patient's heart murmurs.
Tonometer. A special device equipped with cuffs of various sizes that allows you to measure the patient's blood pressure.
Neurological hammer. This hammer consists of a metal handle and a working ( hitting) surface, usually made of dense rubber fabric. With the help of a hammer, the doctor taps on various sites patient's body usually in the area of muscle tendons), thereby checking the presence and severity of tendon reflexes ( knee, heel). This study in psychiatry can be extremely informative. The point is that for some pathological conditions there may be an increase or decrease in these reflexes, which can significantly help in making a diagnosis.
A set of special smelling substances. Used to evaluate olfactory function patient. Allows you to determine whether the patient distinguishes odors, how he reacts to them and what they associate with.
Dictaphone. Designed to record a conversation between a doctor and a patient. This may be needed during medical examination drivers, when examining defendants or in other similar situations.
Alcometer. Allows you to measure the concentration of alcohol in the patient's blood ( not necessary).
Experimental-psychological methods. This term refers to a set of tests and studies that allow you to evaluate various aspects of the patient's mental activity. According to the results of the tests, the doctor can assess the mental, emotional and intellectual characteristics of a person, identify anxiety disorders, depression, hidden signs alcohol addiction and so on.

What questions does a psychiatrist ask when examining a patient?

During the examination by a psychiatrist, the doctor may ask the patient certain questions, the nature of which directly depends on the purpose of the examination. So, for example, if a person is being examined for a permit to carry a weapon, the doctor may ask if he had sudden attacks of anger, rage or aggression towards others, if he ever wanted to harm himself or others, and so on. Based on the responses received, the doctor determines whether such a person can be trusted with a weapon.

At the same time, if a person is being examined for a mental illness, the nature of the questions asked may be different. First of all, the doctor clarifies ( the patient or his relatives), when the signs of the disease first appeared and how they manifested themselves ( in speech disorders, in the strange behavior of the patient, in sleep disorders, appetite, and so on). After that, the doctor can ask if the patient took any treatment for the existing disease, whether it was effective. Further conversation is conducted with the patient himself. During the conversation, the doctor tries to bring out various mental symptoms and signs characteristic of certain diseases ( incoherent speech, frequently repeated words, delusions, hallucinations, and so on).

It should be noted that the survey of a mentally ill person is extremely difficult task requiring certain knowledge and extensive clinical experience from a psychiatrist. Quite often, patients try to deceive the doctor by inventing false symptoms or hiding some of them. The task of the specialist is to adequately perceive everything that the patient says, “screen out” the excess and evaluate the real signs of mental disorders that will help him in making a diagnosis.

When does a psychiatrist prescribe hypnosis?

Hypnosis is a special state of human consciousness, in which a hypnotized person is immersed in a kind of trance. In this state, the patient more clearly feels his inner "I", at the same time, maintaining a certain contact with the doctor ( hypnotist). This allows the specialist to identify many of the patient's internal hidden problems, as well as to influence his psyche in a special way, thereby contributing to the improvement of his condition and treating some psychological abnormalities.

It is worth noting that hypnosis is usually carried out by a psychologist or psychotherapist who has been trained in this type of activity. The psychiatrist may prescribe hypnosis sessions to the patient in the event that he suspects that the patient has any psycho-emotional trauma or problems hidden deep in the subconscious and causing the appearance of mental or psychological disorders. If such problems really exist, hypnosis sessions will help "bring" them to the surface, thereby contributing to their solution and disappearance.

At the same time, it is important to remember that hypnosis is not used to treat severe mental and neurological diseases associated with severe damage to the patient's psyche ( e.g. schizophrenia, epilepsy, etc.).

Why does a psychiatrist order an EEG?

EEG ( electroencephalography) is a research method that allows you to study the bioelectric activity of neurons ( nerve cells) brain. The data recorded in this case are recorded on special paper in the form of an encephalogram.

The value of the EEG in psychiatry lies in the fact that this technique makes it easy to identify organic lesions brain. So, for example, using the EEG, you can not only confirm the presence of epilepsy ( a disease in which a person suddenly has seizures), but also to determine the localization of the pathological focus in a particular part of the brain. In addition, in many mental illnesses, disturbances in the activity of neurons of the central nervous system are noted, which can also be recorded using the EEG. So, for example, a slowdown in activity on the encephalogram can be observed with brain tumors, with senile dementia, and with strokes. At the same time, violation normal structure on the EEG can be observed in depression or schizophrenia.

It should be noted that the procedure EEG registration is simple and safe. 2 to 3 days before the test, it is recommended to go to bed no later than midnight and sleep at least 8 hours a day, and also to exclude alcohol, drugs and psychotropic drugs. On the day of the study, it is recommended to avoid any stressful situations.

The procedure itself is carried out in a special room, where there is the necessary equipment. The patient sits in a chair or lies on a couch, after which electrodes are attached to certain areas of his head. Then the doctor turns on the apparatus, which begins to record the electrical activity of the patient's brain. During the research which can last from 30 minutes to several hours) the patient may be shown bright flashes of light, abruptly turn on loud sounds or conduct other techniques to assess the reaction of the brain to external stimuli.

After the end of the procedure, the patient can immediately return to their daily activities.

Does the psychiatrist accept for a fee or for free?

Examination by a psychiatrist for a medical examination ( to obtain a driver's license, a permit to carry a weapon, and so on) is paid. Also paid are consultations of psychiatrists who receive in various private medical institutions.

At the same time, consultations of patients suffering from any mental illness, as well as diagnostic and medical measures for the treatment of these diseases ( including treatment for drug or alcohol addiction) in some public institutions today are free.

Jokes about psychiatrists

One psychiatrist boasts to another:
- I love my job! Now, for example, I am treating one patient who suffers from a split personality. So, both of his personalities are paying me for treatment!

Two psychiatrists meet. One says to the other:
- I now have extremely interesting patient. He thought he was a car!
- Hmm, really interesting case. And how do you treat him?
- Nothing. I ride it to and from work.

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The main rule of a psychiatric hospital: who first put on a bathrobe, he is the doctor.

*

The psychiatrist sits in the office and fills out the paperwork. Suddenly the door opens, the patient enters and says:
- Doctor, help me, it seems to me that I am an invisible man!
The doctor, looking around in fear:
- Who is there?

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What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist? If a person suffers from insomnia, the first will prescribe sleeping pills for him, and the second will advise him to count the sheep jumping over the fence.

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In a psychiatric hospital, a doctor walks into a patient's room and says:
- Congratulations! The results of the treatment are amazing!
- Delicious, doctor? Six months ago I was Napoleon, and now I'm just a miserable mortal! I wouldn't call it amazing!

Before use, you should consult with a specialist.

Of course, that every mother, any father loves and accepts his child as he is. Any kid for his parents is the best, beautiful, smart. We all want the child to grow up healthy, strong, so that mental capacity met all the requirements of age, so that the son or daughter studied well at school, entered the university and achieved success in life. That is why every caring mother, every loving dad strives to develop the abilities and all the inclinations of the baby as actively as possible. If a child likes to draw, parents send him to an art school, a girl who has dancing inclinations is enrolled in a dance club, etc. However, it is not enough just to develop the baby’s abilities; you need to closely monitor his health, observe all changes in behavior in order to notice any deviations in time. However, there are situations when parents are overly concerned about the health of the child. It is common for such mothers and fathers to find non-existent problems in children. And this is due, first of all, to how little we know about child psychology, about health.

You should always remember that any childhood illness, especially any violation of the psychological plan, is quite easy to correct, but you need to diagnose it in time. But parents are often unable to do this. So, in case of any suspicion, it is necessary to urgently consultation with a psychiatrist who can diagnose all deviations. If you have just become parents, you need to carefully monitor the baby. This is especially true for those mothers whose pregnancy was complicated by any disease.

If the child began to hold his head late, began to sit up on his own late, did not start walking for too long, did not want to talk at an already conscious age, you should contact a neurologist and a psychiatrist. This also applies to those kids who sleep very poorly, often wake up and cry in the middle of the night. A talented pediatrician with great experience can determine the cause himself, but he will definitely not ask questions about the family climate, parental relationships, and the reason for the child's anxiety may be precisely in these relationships.

Older children should also be supervised by their parents. A child psychiatrist will help them if the child cannot sit in one place for some time, if he cannot concentrate on one task or subject. If a rather older child cannot understand what should be done when the task involves several actions in a row, how to build one’s activity, this is also an alarming signal, as well as a reason to contact a child specialist. Especially attentive should be those parents whose children show increased aggressiveness. They cannot be in a children's team, take away toys from other children, fight, sort things out, or simply swear for no particular reason.

Often there are situations when a previously calm baby suddenly became completely uncontrollable, “snarls” at his parents, does not obey them and does not fulfill any requests. In this case, parents should immediately visit a specialist who will conduct all the necessary tests, detect the problem, and give advice on how to fix it. After all, if you take it seriously, most of these situations are associated with the wrong behavior of adults, the environment of the child.

If you notice all the problems in the development of the baby in time, it is quite possible to correct everything to such an extent that later neither you, nor even your child, will remember that there were any deviations. In no case should you be afraid to visit a child psychiatrist. Do not think that his diagnosis is a sentence. If you strictly follow all his recommendations, the disease will be defeated.