What blood type should be in children. What blood type will the child have? Is it possible to determine by parental data? What determines the blood type of a child

When a woman finds out that she is pregnant, she is overwhelmed with different feelings. What will her baby be like? What color will his hair and eyes be? One can only guess about this, because it is impossible to know in advance who the child will look like and what kind of eyes he will have. But future parents will be able to find out the blood type of the child in advance. How to do this, let's study.

Since the blood type of the unborn child will depend entirely on mom and dad, that is, the parents of the baby, we will be able to find out what blood type the child will be born with. Why is this knowledge necessary and what can it affect? Many parents are just wondering what group their baby might be born with. The second very good reason for this early curiosity is not to miss a very terrible disease- hemophilia ( hemolytic disease), when there is a conflict between two groups (a child and his mother). This is very dangerous disease, so you need to warn him in advance and find out the probable blood type of the fetus. about this disease future mommy may not worry much, at the first appointment with the gynecologist, when he fills out the pregnant woman's card, the woman must say her blood type and the father of the child. If for some reason she cannot do this, and most often, to make sure the answer is correct, a pregnant woman donates blood to determine the group and Rh factor. For the same purposes, the father of the child is also invited.

What is a blood group

With what blood type a person is born, with this he dies. It has always been like this and nothing can change it. It is impossible to change this indicator during life. So we cannot choose a blood type, we will be content with what we have. There are 4 types of blood in nature. This system was first discovered by a scientist from Australia at the beginning of the 20th century of the last century. In his laboratory, he conducted experiments and studied how red blood cells (erythrocytes) behave in the liquid part of the blood (this is serum). By mixing the blood of people, he came to the conclusion that in one case, the blood cells do not always behave the same way - they mix, that is, stick together or evenly distributed in the serum. Based on this, he could assume that if you take different combinations of blood, you can find different types of blood. So the discovery was made about the three types of blood - 1, 2 and 3. He did not even imagine the existence of the fourth blood group, this became known much later.

There is an opinion that each blood type appeared due to certain taste habits. So, our ancestors moved from one area to another, tried new food, and the immune system gradually adapted to the new conditions. People often got sick, immunity gradually developed, so all changes human body reflected in the blood. As a result, blood modern people continues to "carry" genetic messages about the behavior of our ancestors, about taste preferences. This can be seen in every person. For example, someone likes dairy products more, and someone cannot even eat a piece of meat, preferring vegetable protein to animal protein.

There are 4 blood groups in the world. The first one is believed to be primitive people, the second appeared when our ancestors began to get their own food, the third - the migration period, when people began to migrate, the fourth appeared as a result of crossing all blood types.

Interestingly, each nationality is currently dominated by a certain blood type. For example, most people with the 1st and 2nd groups live in Russia, and for example, in America, 99% of the population "has" 1 blood type. Why this happens, one can only speculate, but our task is to determine the child's blood group.

How to find out the blood type of a child

Let's first remember the lessons of biology from school curriculum. We know that at birth, a child inherits 2 genes that he gets from his parents: one from dad and mom. A strong gene is called "dominant", respectively, a weak one is called "recessive". A child always shows one gene - the leading one, and the weak one remains unclaimed. For example, brown eyes are dominant, while gray eyes are not. Therefore, if these genes are inherited in a child, then a baby will be born with brown eyes. The same principle is followed medical workers when determining the blood group.

Before proceeding to the study of the probable blood type of the child, it is necessary to find out the blood type of the father and mother.

First, let's deal with the symbol used by medical workers around the world (AB 0 system). So, group 1 is usually designated as 1 (0) - antigens A and B are not present, group 2 - with the letter "A", antigens A, 3 - with the letter "B" - antigens B, the fourth - with a combination of letters "AB" - antigens A and V.

Also besides symbol next to the number and letter, the presence of the Rh factor is indicated: positive - a plus sign, negative - a minus sign. As a result, all people on earth are divided into 2 types - Rh-negative and Rh-positive. If a child has Rh blood with a minus sign, this will not affect his health in any way. Conflict can only occur in women with the onset of pregnancy. For example, if the father of the child is Rh positive, then there may be a conflict between the mother's blood and the child's blood. This could be a threat to normal development fetus and even termination of pregnancy. The risk of conflict may arise when repeated pregnancy and with each new one it intensifies (miscarriages and abortions are also taken into account).

Often parents are surprised that the blood types of parents and children do not match. In particular, if mom and dad have a positive Rh, and the child was born with a negative blood type. Parents can't figure out what's wrong. Sometimes this situation can lead to family conflict, as the father of the child accuses the spouse of infidelity. This misunderstanding is easily resolved.

According to statistics, 85% of the world's population are carriers of a positive Rh factor, the rest got a negative one. This is denoted by the letters "Rh", if positive, a plus sign is put, negative - a minus sign. To find out what the Rh will be, you need to take two genes for research.

Suppose, if there is a Rh factor, then we will denote it with the letter D, the absence - d. If it dominates, then the gene is enough for the blood to be with a positive Rh. It turns out that blood must be designated as DD, if the sign is “minus”, then it must be designated as dd.

For example, mom's blood is Rh-negative, and dad's blood is positive. Can a child have negative group blood? If dad has DD blood, then it is most likely that the baby will be born with a positive Rh factor, and his genotype will be 100% DD. By the same principle, you have the opportunity to find out what the baby’s blood will be like if the dad has the Dd genotype.

You can determine the blood type of the child according to the table:

How to find out the sex of the child by the blood type of the parents

A popular method by which you can find out in advance what kind of dowry to cook for your baby during the period of bearing a baby - in blue or pink.

How to find out the gender of the baby? Let's look at the table. Parents need to know their blood type. So, if the spouses have 1 blood type, then we should expect the appearance of a daughter. Dad with the 2nd group, and mom with the 1st will have a boy. If a woman has 1, a man has 3 - a girl, a woman with the 1st, a man with the 4th blood group - a boy.

To make it clearer, let's write down the probability of having a daughter or son in a woman with the 2nd blood group:

a man from the 1st is a boy;
a man from the 2nd is a girl;
a man from the 3rd is a boy;
man from 4th - girl

A woman with the 3rd blood group will have a child of this gender:

a man from the 1st is a girl;
a man from the 2nd is a boy;
a man from the 3rd is a boy;
a man from the 4th is a boy.

A woman with the 4th blood group can be born:

a man from the 1st is a boy;
a man from the 2nd is a girl;
a man from the 3rd is a boy;
a man from the 4th is a boy.

But these data may not be enough if you take into account the Rh factor of the blood. For example, parents with the same Rh are always more likely to give birth to a female child, although options are possible in this case too. This method is interesting, but it does not always show a 100% result, so you should not rely only on this method of determining gender and stick to the tables.

We look at the table of the influence of positive and negative Rhesus.

If a woman has Rh with a “+” sign:

a man has a positive Rh - a girl will be born, a negative - a boy;

If a woman has Rh with a “-” sign:

a man with a positive Rh - a boy will be born, a negative one - a girl.

It is not worth taking literally the values of the table, because there is a high probability of discrepancies. Indeed, according to statistics, we see that, according to the table, only girls should be born to large couples, and the family brings up both daughters and sons. So take these facts for granted and don't get too upset that you have a baby of the wrong gender.

Blood type compatibility for conceiving a child

In the middle of the 20th century of the last century, following the definition of 4 blood groups and the recognition of negative and positive Rhesus, a compatibility theory arose. On initial stage the concept of blood compatibility was necessary for performing a blood transfusion from one person to another. The blood that is poured into another person must be compatible not only in terms of the group, but also be of the same Rh factor. Otherwise, a conflict will arise and a person may die. As a result of the ingress of foreign blood, red blood cells will begin to break down and oxygen saturation does not occur.

Scientists have long known that 1 group 0 (1) is considered universal, it can be transfused to patients with another group. The fourth group for the owner (recipient - who needs a blood transfusion) is universal, only with a positive Rh. Such people can be transfused with other blood, taking into account the Rh factor.

When pregnancy occurs, there may be a blood conflict between the fetus and the mother.

When it happens:

if the woman has Rh negative blood, and the father's Rh is positive. It is likely that the child will have Rh-positive blood, which means that if she enters the mother's body, her blood will begin to produce protective antibodies;
if a woman has the first blood group, and a man has a different one (2,3 or 4). If the child does not have the first group, then a conflict in the blood group (AB 0 system) is likely.

In the first case, the conflict between the two groups can lead to sad consequences. The second option does not pose a threat to the life of the child, is very rare and proceeds easily, with the exception of hemolytic disease.

It is impossible to prevent a Rh conflict, except to forbid a woman with a negative Rh factor to marry a "positive" man. This does not work in life, so medicine does not stand still and it is possible to reduce the conflict.

What do doctors do in such cases:

Early diagnosis. As soon as a woman finds out about the onset of pregnancy (if it is not planned), it is necessary to immediately register for pregnancy. The doctor will send the pregnant woman to take a blood test to determine the Rh and group. In many medical institutions it can be done right away. In addition, if a woman has blood with a negative Rh, then it is necessary to find out the Rh of the father of the child. If he has blood with a “-” sign, then there is no reason to worry. If on the contrary, the woman will be observed and take a blood test for antibodies.
Treatment. If the conflict is present and pronounced, then doctors prescribe appropriate treatment aimed at improving the condition of the fetus (visiting pressure chambers with oxygen, taking vitamins). If the case is severe, then an intrauterine blood transfusion (replacement) is prescribed, the blood is injected through the umbilical vessels. If the treatment is started on time and everything is carried out correctly, then the child will be born healthy.
Women with negative Rh blood after delivery for 72 hours are given serum - anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin. If antibodies are absent in a pregnant woman, then this drug can also be administered for the purpose of prophylaxis at 30 weeks. At the discretion of the physician, immunoglobulin may be prescribed after amniocentesis and during any intervention for intrauterine examination of the fetus. Be sure to introduce serum after a miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy and abortions.

It doesn't matter what blood type your baby is born with. The birth of a new person is a great happiness, so educate and love your only blood.

If the family decided to have a baby, from the very first days they will be interested in the sex of the unborn baby. Moreover, today doctors present to the public several ways, thanks to which you can try not only to predict, but also to plan the sex of your child.

Now I want to talk about one of them.

A bit about blood types

Everyone knows that there are four blood types and two Rh factors. It is from what set of mothers and fathers will they have that you can try to calculate the sex of an unborn baby. To make it clearer, in this article we will take the mother as a basis, then going through all the variants of the father's blood groups.

Mother's first blood group

So, we begin to figure out how to determine the sex of a child by the blood types of the parents. If the father has the first 0 (I) or the third B (III)) group, the family will most likely have a girl, if the second A (II) or the fourth AB (IV) is a boy.

Mother's second blood group

We go further, recognizing the sex of the child by the blood types of the parents. With mom, everything is clear, the father comes into play. Here the situation will be opposite than in the previous case. In men with groups 0 (I) and B (III), according to the opinions of doctors, boys are more often born, and with A (II) and AB (IV) - girls.

Mother's third blood group

We explain further how to calculate the sex of a child by the blood type of the parents. In this option, a girl will have to be born only in one case, namely, if the blood of a man belongs to the first group 0 (I), in other cases, only boys will be born - groups A (II), B (III), AB (IV).

Mother's fourth blood type

Next, we determine the gender of the child by blood type. And in this situation, a boy will be born much more likely. So, if dad has the second blood type A (II) - there will be a girl. If he has the first 0 (І) , third B (III) or fourth AB (IV), according to preliminary data, the family should have a male baby.

Thus, the summary table for determining the sex of the child looks like in the following way:

	Father's blood type
Mother's blood type	I	II	III	IV
I	girl	boy	girl	boy
II	boy	girl	boy	girl
III	girl	boy	boy	boy
IV	boy	girl	boy	boy

Once again, we will make a reservation that the data on determining the sex of the child, depending on the blood type of the parents, can be considered as the most probable, but not mandatory values. Otherwise, in some families only boys would be born, and in others only girls, which does not happen in reality. It is much more accurate to determine the blood type of the unborn child. However, that's another topic.

Rh factor

If everything is very clear with blood groups and there can be nothing wrong with mixing, then with the Rh factor things are somewhat different. If the woman is initially Rh-positive, and the father Rh negative blood nothing bad should happen. Situations can be dangerous if the mother rhesus negative-factor, then the Rh-conflict of the mother and fetus can develop. The situation is considered especially dangerous if the future baby has Rh positive, because various immune complications. An interesting fact is that finding out the sex of the child by the blood types of the parents is only one side of the issue, but this can also be done by the Rh factors. If both parents have it positive, or both have negative, there will be a girl. Otherwise, it's a boy.

Determining the sex of a child by the Rh factor is also conjectural, even if it coincides with the previous method.

Blood renewal

Considering planning the sex of a child by blood, you can stumble upon information that will tell you how to determine the sex of a future baby by its updates. To do this, you should know that in women such processes occur every three years, in men - every four. However, there may be exceptions if the person has recently had surgery, had a blood transfusion, or was a donor. It will not be difficult for anyone to carry out calculations. To do this, you just need to divide the age of the woman by three, and the number full years men - four. Whoever has the remainder figure is less, that gender will be future baby. If a person had an unscheduled update for the reasons described above, this figure must be taken as the basis.

In reality, the sex of a child depends on the combination of the sex chromosomes of a man and a woman at conception. The female egg carries the X chromosome, and the sperm X or Y. When two XX chromosomes are combined, a girl will be born, if XY is a boy. In addition to attempts to determine the sex of a child by blood, there are many others: by the date of birth of the mother and father, the date of conception (it is believed that if conception occurred 2 days before ovulation, there will be a girl, if on the day of ovulation - a boy). It is assumed that the influence of diet, lifestyle and character of parents, season, etc.

For now, only one thing can be said with certainty: actors that significantly affect one or another combination of chromosomes during egg fertilization, medical science not known for certain.

Since ancient times, blood has been considered a special, almost magical liquid. She was associated with kinship children and adults. So they said - "blood relationship", emphasizing the special strength of this connection. Today, through the blood group, they are trying to explain the character traits or nutritional habits of people. It is not surprising, therefore, that parents are interested in what kind of blood their child may have.

And it is equally important for doctors to know what blood type the parents of the unborn baby have. And this question is by no means idle. The course of pregnancy and the health of the mother and child depend on how they are combined in parents and the unborn child, the likelihood possible complications. Some of these relationships have already become a medical axiom, while others are only talked about by practitioners.

Let's try to figure out how the blood types of children and parents are related: the inheritance table will help us with this.

Although this scarlet liquid has always been treated as something special and its connection with human life and health was understood, the real properties were not known for a long time. Only in 1900, an Austrian doctor and scientist Karl Landsteiner, who studied blood serum, made a discovery that later brought him Nobel Prize, and for humanity, which allowed using the transfusion of this life-giving liquid in treatment as a completely ordinary and familiar procedure.

The scientist took blood from himself and five of his employees, separated the red blood cells from the serum and mixed their samples with the serum different people. Karl Landsteiner discovered that in different combinations erythrocytes behave differently. In some cases, the red blood cells "stick together", forming clots, and in others they do not.

The interpretation of the results allowed him to initially distinguish three blood groups depending on the presence or absence of special particles, which he designated with the letters A and B, and the absence of 0. Later, his successors identified another group that contained both AB markers at once. Then they began to be denoted by Roman numerals. Today common classification according to blood groups looks like this.

This made it possible to determine the compatibility of blood and predict its behavior during transfusion from one donor to another.

Rh factor

Further study of the properties of blood revealed another factor that affects its compatibility. In 85% of people, a special lipoprotein was found located on the membranes of red blood cells, called the Rh factor. Those who have it are Rh positive (Rh+), those who do not have it are Rh negative (Rh-).

The presence or absence of this antigen does not affect human health in any way, but acquires great importance For future mother. Since the child that develops and grows in it has its own blood type with the Rh factor, this can lead to a conflict with the maternal immune system, especially during repeated pregnancy.

That is why the parents of the unborn child are asked to be sure to take tests to establish the blood type and Rh factor. If the Rh factor of the father and mother is the same (both positive, or both negative), then there is no reason to worry. But if the Rhesus of future parents are different, then the onset and course of pregnancy requires closer attention from doctors.

The option is especially difficult when the mother is Rh negative and the father is Rh positive, since most often the baby inherits a positive Rh. This leads to the occurrence of a Rh conflict between the mother's body and the fetus, especially during repeated pregnancies.

Why the blood types of the child and parents do not match

How to recognize a group in children

To find out possible group blood and Rh in children, one must know exactly the characteristics of this vital moisture of the father and mother. The inheritance of these parameters is determined by the same laws of genetics as.

Table 1. Inheritance of the blood type of the child, depending on the blood types of the father and mother

Mom + Dad	Baby's Blood Type: Options (B%)
I+I	I (100%)	–	–	–
I+II	I (50%)	I (50%)	–	–
I+III	I (50%)	–	III (50%)	–
I+IV	–	II (50%)	III (50%)	–
II+II	I (25%)	II (75%)	–	–
II+III	I (25%)	II (25%)	III (25%)	IV (25%)
II+IV	–	II (50%)	III (25%)	IV (25%)
III+III	I (25%)	–	III (75%)	–
III+IV	–	I (25%)	III (50%)	IV (25%)
IV+IV	–	II (25%)	III (25%)	IV (50%)

Table 2. Inheritance of the blood group of the Rh system, possible in a child, depending on the blood groups of his parents

As we know, the baby can only get what his parents have. But sometimes parents can hide the presence of hidden recessive genes behind a dominant trait, and then a blonde child is suddenly born to two brunettes. But two blondes cannot have a brunette. So it is with the Rh factor.

A positive Rh factor is a dominant trait, so it is most often inherited. If both parents are Rh-negative, then their children will have a similar Rh- no variants. But in mixed couples, or even if both parents are Rh positive, but there are hidden Rh- genes, in this case there is a chance of having a baby with Rh-.

pattern of inheritance

As already noted, the blood type is determined by the presence or absence of agglutinogens A and B in its composition. The groups of parents influence what kind of blood the baby will have. The easiest way is if both parents have the first group. This means that neither A nor B is in the blood, therefore, their children can only have the same group. In all other cases, possible in children various options. It will be possible to know exactly about the blood group of the crumbs only after the analysis.

Human blood types. Tips for parents

After learning about pregnancy, women seek to get as much information as possible about their future baby. It is, of course, impossible to determine what character or eye color he will inherit. However, when referring to the genetic laws, you can easily find out what type of blood the child will have.

This indicator is directly related to the properties of the blood fluid of mom and dad. To understand how inheritance occurs, it is necessary to study the ABO system and other laws.

What groups exist

A blood group is nothing more than a structural feature of a protein. It is not subject to any changes regardless of the circumstances. That is why this indicator considered as a constant value.

Its discovery was carried out in the 19th century by the scientist Karl Landsteiner, thanks to whom the ABO system was developed. According to this theory, the blood fluid is divided into four groups, which are now known to every person:

I (0) - no antigens A and B;
II (A) - antigen A is present;
III (B) - B takes place;
IV(AB) - both antigens exist at once.

The presented AVO system contributed to complete change opinions of scientists regarding the nature and composition of the blood fluid. In addition, the mistakes that were made earlier during transfusion and manifested by the incompatibility of the patient's and donor's blood were no longer allowed.

There are three groups represented in the mn system: N, M, and MN. If both parents have M or N, the child will have the same phenotype. The birth of children with MN can only be if one parent has M, the second has N.

Rh factor and its meaning

This name was given to a protein antigen that is present on the surface of red blood cells. It was first discovered in 1919 in monkeys. A little later, the fact of its presence in humans was confirmed.

The Rh factor consists of more than forty antigens. They are marked in numerical and alphabetic terms. In most cases, antigens such as D, C and E are found.

According to statistics, in 85% of cases, Europeans have positive rh factor, and 15 percent - negative.

Mendel's laws

In his laws, Gregor Mendel clearly describes the pattern of inheritance of certain traits in a child from parents. It was these principles that were taken as a solid basis for the creation of such a science as genetics.. In addition, it is they that must be considered first of all in order to calculate the blood type of the unborn baby.

Among the main principles according to Mendel are the following:

if both parents have 1 group, then the child will be born without the presence of antigens A and B;
if the father and mother have 1 and 2, then the baby can inherit one of the presented groups; the same principle applies to the first and third;
parents have a fourth - a child develops any, except for the first.

The blood type of a child according to the blood type of the parents cannot be predicted in a situation where mom and dad have 2 and 3.

How is inheritance from parents to children

All human genotypes are designated according to the following principle:

the first group is 00, that is, the 1st zero in the baby is transmitted from the mother, the other from the father;
the second - AA or 0A;
the third is B0 or BB, that is, in this case, the transfer from the parent will be B or 0 of the indicator;
fourth - AB.

The inheritance of a blood group from parents by a child occurs according to generally accepted genetic laws. As a rule, the parental genes are passed on to the baby. They contain all the necessary information, for example, the Rh factor, the presence or absence of agglutinogens.

How is the Rh factor inherited?

The determination of this indicator is also carried out on the basis of the presence of a protein, which, as a rule, is present on the surface of the erythrocyte composition. If the red blood cells contain it, then the blood will be Rh positive. When protein is absent, negative Rh factor.

According to statistics, the ratio of positive and negative indicators will be 85 and 15%, respectively.

The inheritance of the Rh factor is carried out according to dominant trait. If two parents do not have an antigen that determines this indicator, then the child will also have a negative value. If one of the parents is Rh positive and the other is Rh negative, then the probability that the child can act as a carrier of the antigen is 50%.

If the mother and father have factors with a “+” sign, then in 75 percent of cases the baby inherits a positive Rh. It should also be noted that in this case there is Great chance the child receives the genes of a close relative who has a negative value of this indicator.

For a more accurate understanding of how the Rh factor is inherited, you can consider in detail the data shown in the table below.

How to find out the blood type of an unborn baby

To determine whose blood type a child inherits, specialists have developed a special table that allows each future parent to make predictions on their own.

With a careful study of the tabular results, the following decoding is possible:

the blood of parents and children will be the same only if mom and dad have the first group;
if the second group is present in both parents, the child will inherit 1 or 2;
when one parent has the first, the baby cannot be born with the fourth;
if mom or dad has the third group, then the probability that the child will inherit the same, the same as in the previous described cases.

If the parents have 4 groups, the baby will never have the first.

Could there be an incompatibility?

In the second half of the 20th century, after the definition of group 4 and the recognition of Rh factors, a theory describing compatibility was also developed. Initially, this concept was used exclusively for transfusion.

The injected blood fluid must not only correspond to the group, but also have the same Rh factor. If this is not adhered to, conflict arises, which ultimately leads to lethal outcome. Such consequences are explained by the fact that when hit incompatible blood erythrocytes are destroyed, which leads to the cessation of oxygen supply.

Scientists have shown that the only universal group considered the first. It can be transfused to anyone, regardless of group affiliation blood composition and rhesus. The fourth is also used in all situations, but with the condition that the patient will only have a positive Rh factor.

When pregnancy occurs, the moment is also not excluded that a blood conflict between a child and a woman is possible. Such situations are predicted in two cases:

The woman's blood is negative, while the father's is positive. Most likely, the baby will also have a value with a “+” sign. This means that when it enters the mother's body, antibodies will begin to be produced in her blood fluid.
If the expectant mother has the first group, and the man has any other, except for 1. In this case, if the child does not also inherit the 1st group, a blood conflict is not ruled out.

When the first situation arises, everything may end in not the most favorable consequences. When the fetus inherits a positive Rh, the immune system of a pregnant woman will perceive the child's red blood cells as foreign and seek to destroy them.

As a result, when the child's body loses red blood cells, it will produce new ones, which gives a very noticeable load on the liver and spleen. Happens over time oxygen starvation, the brain is damaged, and fetal death is also possible.

If the pregnancy is the first, then the Rh conflict can be avoided. However, with each successive, the risks increase significantly. In such a situation, a woman should constantly be observed by a specialist. She will also need to do blood tests for antibodies quite often.

Immediately after the baby is born, the blood fluid group and its Rh factor are determined. With a positive value, anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin is administered to the mother.

Such actions prevent adverse effects at the conception of the second and subsequent children.

The second option does not pose a threat to the life of the baby. In addition, it is diagnosed extremely rarely and does not differ in the complex course of the process. An exception is hemolytic disease. If you suspect the development of this pathology, it will be necessary to regularly take tests.. In this case, in order for the birth to be successful, the most favorable terms are 35-37 weeks.

Most experts argue that with the highest value of father's blood relative to mother's, the probability of having a healthy and strong child almost equal to 100 percent.

Conflicts due to incompatibility in blood type by parents are not like that a rare event, but not as dangerous as with a mismatch in the Rh factor.

If you conduct a survey in a timely manner, regularly visit a gynecologist and do not ignore the instructions of the attending physician, this will increase the likelihood of a successful conception, bearing and birth of a baby.

The inheritance of blood types is not such a complicated science. Knowing all the subtleties and nuances, you can find out what group and Rhesus he will have even before the baby is born.

For a long time, scientists have proven the existence of four groups. Accordingly, each of the groups is formed even at the birth of a child, or rather, even in the womb after conception. As people say - it is inherited. Thus, we receive a certain type of plasma from our parents and live with it all our lives.

It is worth noting that neither blood groups nor the Rh factor change during life. This is a proven fact that can only be refuted by a pregnant woman. The point is that they meet rare cases when a woman's Rh factor really changes during pregnancy - at the beginning of the term and at the end already before childbirth. Back in the middle of the 19th century, an American scientist reached the conclusion that incompatibility exists in the types of plasma. To prove this, he may have come in handy with a calculator, but to date, in this case, no one uses it.

Incompatibility is formed when mixing different types and manifests itself in the form of aggregation of erythrocytes. This phenomenon dangerous by the formation of platelets and the development of thrombocytosis. Then it was necessary to separate the groups to determine their type, which led to the emergence of the AB0 system. This system is still used by modern doctors to determine blood groups without a calculator. This system turned all previous ideas about blood upside down and now only geneticists are engaged in this. Then they discovered the laws of inheritance of blood groups of a newborn directly from their parents.

Scientists have also proven that the child's blood type directly depends on the mixing of the parents' plasma. She gives her results or simply wins the one that is stronger. The most important thing is that there is no incompatibility, because otherwise pregnancy simply does not occur or threatens the child inside the womb. In such situations, special vaccines are made at the 28th week of pregnancy or during its planning period. Then the development of the child will be protected and the formation of his sex.

Type of blood according to the AB0 system

There were quite a few scientists who worked on the issue of inheritance of blood groups and sex. One of them was Mendeleev, who determined that children with the absence of A and B antigens would be born to parents with. The same situation is observed in parents with the 1st and 2nd blood groups. Quite often, the 1st and 3rd blood groups fall under such inheritance.

If the parents have the 4th blood group, then by heredity the child can get any, except for the first. The most unpredictable is the compatibility of parent groups 2nd and 3rd. In this case, inheritance can be in the very different version, with the same probability. There is also a rather rare situation when the rarest heredity occurs - both parents have antibodies of type A and B, but at the same time they do not appear. Thus, not only an unpredictable blood type is transmitted to the child, but also gender, and it is extremely difficult to predict its appearance, especially since the calculator will not help here either.

Learn more about how a group is determined by this method:

Probability of Inheritance

Since there are many in the world various situations, we give specific human blood groups and possible type his child using the table. You don't need a calculator for this. additional knowledge. You just need to know your blood type and Rh factor. Such an analysis can be done in any specialized laboratory, which is prepared within 2 days.

mom + dad		Child's blood type: possible options(V %)
I+I	I (100%)	-	-	-
I+II	I (50%)	II (50%)	-	-
I+III	I (50%)	-	III (50%)	-
I+IV	-	II (50%)	III (50%)	-
II+II	I (25%)	II (75%)	-	-
II+III	I (25%)	II (25%)	III (25%)	IV (25%)
II+IV	-	II (50%)	III (25%)	IV (25%)
III+III	I (25%)	-	III (75%)	-
III+IV	I (25%)	-	III (50%)	IV (25%)
IV+IV	-	II (25%)	III (25%)	IV (50%)

Rh factor of blood

To date, not only the heredity of the blood group is known, but also its Rh factor and the gender of the person. This definition was also proven a long time ago, which is why many people worry about it today: they want the baby to get good blood.

Quite often there are cases when a spouse with a positive Rh, a child is born with a negative one. Then the question arises, on what it depends, or even distrust of each other in fidelity. But it is worth noting that with all the oddities of nature, this can also happen. There is an explanation for this, and to calculate this, you don’t even need a calculator. After all, the Rh factor, like the blood type, also has its own inheritance exceptions. Since Rh is a protein located on the surface of red blood cells, it has the ability not only to be present, but also absent. In its absence, they speak of a negative Rh factor.

Read more about how to take into account Rh when planning a pregnancy:

Thus, it is also possible to present in the form of a table the possible options for the birth of a child with a certain Rhesus of a person in order to understand what it depends on. You don't need a calculator here, just knowing your Rh factor.

Blood type mothers		Father's blood type
	Rh(+)		rh(-)
Rh(+)	Any		Any
rh(-)	Any		Rh negative

In addition to all this, it is worth considering that exceptions are quite common, which is explained by genetic science. Since the appearance of a person at birth is unpredictable, so are his structural features. Such a definition was proved already quite a few years ago, when the evolution of man was still progressing. In addition to all this, many people still have a question about how the blood group and gender are inherited, because everything is so confusing and interesting that for ordinary person this is not immediately clear.