Medical tests ophthalmology. Ophthalmology qualification test
QUALIFICATION TESTS
IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2007
Edited by prof. L.K. Moshetova
SECTION I.
DEVELOPMENT OF REGULATIONS. ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF THE ORGAN OF VISION
CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER:
1. The thinnest wall of the orbit is:
a) outer wall
b) upper wall;
in) inner wall;
d) bottom wall;
e) upper and inner
2. The optic nerve canal serves to pass:
a) optic nerve;
b) abducens nerve
c) oculomotor nerve
d) central retinal vein
e) frontal artery
3. The lacrimal sac is located:
a) inside the eye socket;
b) outside the eye socket;
c) partly inside and partly outside the orbit.
e) in the middle cranial fossa
4. For eyelid wounds, tissue regeneration:
a) high;
b) low;
c) does not differ significantly from tissue regeneration in other areas of the face;
d) lower than other areas of the face.
e) higher than other areas of the face
5. Tear-producing organs include:
a) lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands;
b) lacrimal points;
c) lacrimal ducts;
d) nasolacrimal canal
6. The nasolacrimal duct opens into:
a ) lower nasal passage;
b) middle nasal passage;
c) upper nasal passage;
d) in the maxillary sinus
e) in the main sinus.
7. The sclera has the greatest thickness in the zone:
a) limbus;
b) equator;
c) optic disc;
d) under the tendon of the rectus muscles.
e) under the tendon of the oblique muscles
8. The cornea consists of:
a) two layers;
b) three layers;
c) four layers;
G) five layers;
e) six layers.
9. The layers of the cornea are located:
a) parallel corneal surface;
b) chaotically;
c) concentric;
d) in an oblique direction
10. Nutrition of the cornea is carried out due to:
a ) marginal looped vascular network;
b) central retinal artery;
c) lacrimal artery;
d) anterior ciliary arteries
e) supratrochlear artery
11. The optic disc is located:
a) in the center of the fundus;
c) in the temporal half of the fundus;
d) in the upper half of the fundus
e) outside the fundus.
12. The functional center of the retina is:
a) optic disc;
b) central fossa;
c) zone of the dentate line;
d) vascular bundle.
e) juxtapapillary zone.
13. The optic nerve exits the orbit through:
a) superior orbital fissure;
b) Gog. irrigates;
c) inferior orbital fissure
d) round hole
d) maxillary sinus
14. The vascular tract performs:
a) trophic function;
b) light refraction function;
d) protective function
e) support function
15. The retina performs the function:
a) refraction of light;
b) trophic;
in) perception of light;
d) protective function
e) support function
16. Intraocular fluid is produced mainly by:
a) iris;
b) choroid;
c) lens;
G) ciliary body.
e) cornea.
17. Tenon's capsule separates:
a) choroid from the sclera;
b) the retina from the vitreous body;
in) eyeball from the fiber of the orbit;
d) there is no correct answer
e) cornea from sclera
18. Bowman's membrane is located between:
a) corneal epithelium and stroma;
b) stroma and Descemet's membrane;
c) Descemet's membrane and endothelium;
d) retinal layers
19. Choroid nourishes:
a) outer layers of the retina;
b) inner layers of the retina;
c) the entire retina;
d) optic nerve.
e) sclera
20. The motor apparatus of the eye consists of ... extraocular muscles:
a) four;
in) six;
d) eight;
e) ten.
21. "Muscle funnel" originates from:
a) round hole;
b) visual aperture;
c) superior orbital fissure;
d) inferior orbital fissure.
e) the inner wall of the orbit
22. Haller's arterial circle is formed by:
a) long posterior ciliary arteries;
b) short posterior ciliary arteries;
c) ethmoid arteries;
d) muscular arteries;
d) all of the above
23. Central retinal artery supplies:
a) choroid;
b) inner layers of the retina;
c) outer layers of the retina;
d) vitreous body;
e) sclera
24. The ophthalmic nerve is:
a) sensitive nerve;
b) motor nerve;
c) mixed nerve;
d) parasympathetic nerve;
e) sympathetic nerve.
25. In the region of the chiasm criss-crossed % optic nerve fibers:
b) 50%;
d) 100%
26. The development of the eye begins at:
a) 1-2 weeks of intrauterine life;
b) 3rd week -»-;
c) 4th week -»-;
d) 5th week -»-.
e) 10th week - "-
27. The choroid is formed:
a) Mesoderm
b) Ectoderm
c) mixed nature
d) neuroectoderm
e) Endoderm
28. The retina is formed from:
a) Ectoderm
b) Neuroectoderms
c) Mesoderm
d) Endoderm
e) Mixed nature
CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER FROM THE SCHEME:
A) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct;
B) if answers 1 and 3 are correct;
C) if answers 2 and 4 are correct;
D) if the correct answer is 4;
E) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct.
29. e Passes through the superior orbital fissure:
1) ophthalmic nerve;
2) oculomotor nerves;
3) the main venous collector;
4) abducens nerve; 5) trochlear nerve
30. b Eyelids are:
1) accessory part of the organ of vision;
2) the top of the orbit
3) protective apparatus of the organ of vision;
4) lateral wall of the orbit
5) do not belong to the organ of vision
31. e The branches of the ophthalmic artery are:
1) central retinal artery
2) lacrimal artery;
3) supraorbital artery;
4) frontal artery;
5) supratrochlear artery
32. a The outflow of blood from the eyelids is directed:
1) towards the veins of the orbit;
2) towards the facial veins;
4) towards the upper jaw
5) towards the cavernous sinus
33. a Pericorneal injection indicates:
1) conjunctivitis;
2) increased intraocular pressure;
3) inflammation of the vascular tract;
4) damage to tear-producing organs;
5) intraocular foreign body
34.d The lacrimal gland is innervated by:
1) parasympathetic nervous system;
2) sympathetic nervous system;
3) by mixed type;
4) facial and trigeminal nerves
5) abducens nerve
35. g The outflow of fluid from the anterior chamber is carried out through:
1) pupil area;
2) lens capsule;
3) zinn ligaments
4) trabeculae zone
5) iris zone
36. d The position of the dentate line corresponds to:
1) limbus projection zone;
2) the place of attachment of the tendons of the rectus muscles;
3) the projection zone of the trabeculae
4) behind the projection zone of the ciliary body;
37. a The choroid consists of a layer:
1) small vessels;
2) medium vessels
3) large vessels;
4) nerve fibers
38. a The optic nerve has sheaths:
1) soft shell
2) arachnoid;
3) inner elastic
4) hard shell
39.d Moisture in the anterior chamber serves to
1) nutrition of the cornea and lens;
2) removal of waste products of metabolism
3) maintaining normal ophthalmotonus
4) refraction of light;
40. e Within the "muscle funnel" is:
1) optic nerve;
2) ophthalmic artery;
3) oculomotor nerve
4) abducens nerve;
5) trochlear nerve;.
41.e The vitreous body performs all features:
1) trophic function;
2) "buffer" function;
3) light guide function; 4)Support function
5) maintenance of ophthalmotonus
42. a The tissues of the orbit receive nutrition from sources:
1) lattice arteries;
2) lacrimal artery;
3) ophthalmic artery;
4) central retinal artery.
5) middle cerebral artery
43.e The blood supply of the eyeball is carried out by the vessels:
1) ophthalmic artery
2) the central artery of the retina;
3) posterior short ciliary arteries;
4) anterior ciliary arteries
5) posterior long ciliary arteries
44.d Short posterior ciliary arteries supply:
1) cornea;
2) iris;
3) sclera;
4) outer layers of the retina;
5) inner layers of the retina.
45.b Blood supply to the ciliary body and iris is carried out:
1) long posterior ciliary arteries;
2) short posterior ciliary arteries;
3) anterior ciliary arteries
4) ethmoid arteries;
5) medial arteries of the eyelids;
46.e Outflow of blood from the tissues of the orbit is carried out through:
1) superior ophthalmic vein;
2) inferior ophthalmic vein;
3) central retinal vein
4) superior temporal branch of the central retinal vein
5) lower temporal branch of the central retinal vein
47. a Motor innervation of the extraocular muscles is carried out by the following structures:
1) oculomotor nerve;
2) abducens nerve;
3) trochlear nerve;
4) trigeminal nerve
5) trigeminal knot
SECTION 2
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ORGAN OF VISION.
A. intense total clouding of the cornea;
B. total cataract;
B. central retinal degeneration;
G. complete atrophy of the optic nerve;
D. rupture of the retina in the macular zone.
55. The functional state of the cone apparatus of the retina is determined by:
A. light perception;
B. the state of light adaptation;
AT. visual acuity;
G. the boundaries of peripheral vision;
56. Tempo adaptation should be investigated in patients with:
AND . retinal abiotrophy;
B. mild to moderate myopia;
B. hypermetropia with astigmatism;
G. strabismus;
D. refractive amblyopia.
57. The formation of binocular vision is possible only with a combination of high vision of the right and left eyes with:
AND. orthophoria;
B. exophoria;
B. esophoria;
G. lack of fusion.
58. The adaptive ability of the visual analyzer is determined by the ability to:
A. see objects in low light;
B. distinguish light;
AT. adapt to the light of different levels of brightness;
G. to see objects at different distances;
D. to distinguish shades of different colors.
B. 20 ° from the bow;
AT. 15° from the temporal side;
D. 25 ° from the temporal side;
D. 30 ° from the temporal side.
65. Erythropsia is a vision of all surrounding objects in:
A. blue;
B. yellow;
AT. red;
G. green.
B. increased intraocular pressure;
B. increased blood pressure in the vascular bed of the eye;
G . expansion of the vessels of the marginal looped network and increased blood supply to this part of the vascular network of the eye;
D. significant thinning of the walls of the vessels of the marginal looped network.
95. The formation of a normal tetrahedral shape of the eye socket is noted in a child already at the age of:
A. 1-2 months of life;
B. 3-4 months of life;
B. 6-7 months of life;
D. 1 year of age;
D. 2 years of life.
AND. the moment of birth;
B. 2-3 months of life;
B. 6 months of life;
G. 1 year of age;
D. 2-3 years of age.
97. In response to the installation of mydriatics, the maximum expansion of the pupil can be obtained in a child already at the age of:
A. 10 days of life;
B. the first month of life;
V. the first 3-6 months of life;
D. 1 year of age;
D. 3 years of age and older.
98. Pain sensitivity of the ciliary body is formed in a child only to:
A. 6 months of life;
B. 1 year of age;
B. 3 years of age;
G. 5-7 years of life;
D. 8-10 years of age.
A. more than 70%
B. over 30%;
107. The refractive power of the lens in an adult is on average:
A. 10 diopters;
B. 20 diopters;
V. 30 diopters;
G. 40 diopters;
108. Vorticose veins are formed from the layer of large vessels of the choroid:
B.
4-6;
D. 10.
109. Approximately by the age of 1 year, the following layers of the retina disappear in the macular region:
A. from the second to the third;
B. from the third to the fourth;
AT . from the fifth to the ninth;
110. The vessels of the choroid are most clearly visible during ophthalmoscopy in:
A. blondes;
B. brown-haired;
V. brunettes;
D. persons of the black race;
D. albinos.
111. In a healthy adult, the ratio of the caliber of retinal arteries and veins is normally:
B. 1:1.5;
G. 2:3;
112. Electroretinogram reflects the functional state:
AND. inner layers of the retina;
B. outer layers of the retina;
V. subcortical visual centers;
G. cortical visual centers.
113. The threshold of electrical sensitivity reflects the functional state:
A. outer layers of the retina;
B. inner layers of the retina;
B. papillomacular bundle of the optic nerve;
G. subcortical visual centers;
D. cortical visual centers.
114. The lability index, measured by the critical frequency of the disappearance of phosphene, characterizes the functional state:
A. outer layers of the retina;
B. inner layers of the retina;
AT. conducting tracts (papillomacular bundle);
G. subcortical centers of the visual analyzer.
115. An electroencephalogram performed during a comprehensive examination of a patient with a lesion of the visual analyzer makes it possible to judge the functional state:
A. outer layers of the retina;
B. pathways of the visual analyzer;
AT. cortical and (partly) subcortical visual centers;
G. inner layers of the retina.
116. Normal visual acuity in a newborn child is:
AND.
thousandths fractions of a unit;
B. 0.02;
D. 0.05.
117. Visual acuity in children of 6 months of age is normally:
B.
0,1-0,2;
118. Normal visual acuity in children of 3 years of life is:
G. 0, 6 and above;
D. 0.8 and above.
119. Visual acuity in children of 5 years of age is normally:
D. 0.7-0.8 and above.
120. Visual acuity in children of 7 years of age is normally equal to:
D.
1,0.
TESTS ON THE TOPIC:
QUALIFICATION TESTS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY (Apr 2007)
(full list)
1. Development, normal anatomy and histology
Choose one correct answer
1. 001. The thinnest wall of the orbit is:
a) outer wall
b) top wall
c) inner wall
d) bottom wall
e) upper and inner
2. 002. The optic nerve canal serves to pass:
a) optic nerve
b) abducens nerve
c) oculomotor nerve
d) central retinal vein
e) frontal artery
3.003. The lacrimal sac is located:
a) inside the eye
b) outside the eye socket
c) partly inside and partly outside the orbit
d) in the maxillary cavity
e) in the middle cranial fossa
4. 004. In eyelid wounds, tissue regeneration:
a) high
b) low
c) does not differ significantly from tissue regeneration in other areas of the face
d) lower than other areas of the face
e) higher than other areas of the face
5.005. Tear-producing organs include:
a) lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands
b) lacrimal openings
c) lacrimal ducts
d) nasolacrimal canal
6.006. The nasolacrimal canal opens into:
a) inferior lacrimal canal
b) middle nasal passage
c) superior nasal passage
d) in the maxillary sinus
d) in the main sinus
7. 007. The sclera has the greatest thickness in the zone:
b) equator
c) optic disc
d) under the tendon of the rectus muscles
e) under the tendon of the oblique muscles
8. 008. The cornea consists of:
a) two layers
b) three layers
c) four layers
d) five layers
e) six layers
9.009. The layers of the cornea are located:
a) parallel to the surface of the cornea
b) chaotically
c) concentric
d) in an oblique direction
10.010. The cornea is nourished by:
a) marginal looped vasculature
b) central retinal artery
c) lacrimal artery
e) supratrochlear artery
11.011. The optic disc is located:
a) in the center of the fundus
b) in the nasal half of the fundus
c) in the temporal half of the fundus
d) in the upper half of the fundus
e) outside the fundus
12.012. The functional center of the retina is:
a) optic disc
b) central fossa
c) zone of the dentate line
d) vascular bundle
e) juxtapapillary zone
13.013. The optic nerve exits the orbit through
a) superior orbital fissure
b) for. Opticum
c) inferior orbital fissure
d) round hole
d) maxillary sinus
14.014. The vascular tract performs:
a) trophic function
b) light refraction function
c) light perception function
d) protective function
e) support function
15.015. The retina performs the function:
a) refraction of light
b) trophic
c) perception of light
d) protective function
e) support function
16.016. Intraocular fluid is mainly produced by:
a) rainbow
b) choroid
c) lens
d) ciliary body
e) cornea
17.017. Tenon's capsule separates:
a) choroid from the sclera
b) the retina from the vitreous body
c) the eyeball from the fiber of the orbit
d) there is no correct answer
e) cornea from sclera
18.018. Bowman's membrane is located between:
a) corneal epithelium and stroma
b) stroma and Descemet's membrane
c) Descemet's membrane and endothelium
d) retinal layers
19.019. The choroid nourishes:
a) outer layers of the retina
b) inner layers of the retina
c) the entire retina
d) optic nerve
e) sclera
20. 020. The motor apparatus of the eye consists of - ... extraocular muscles
a) four
d) eight
e) ten
21.021. "Muscle funnel" originates from:
a) round hole
b) visual aperture
c) superior orbital fissure
d) inferior orbital fissure
e) the inner wall of the orbit
22.022. Haller's arterial circle is formed by:
b) short posterior ciliary arteries
c) ethmoid arteries
d) muscular arteries
e) all of the above
23.023. Central retinal artery supplies:
a) choroid
b) inner layers of the retina
c) outer layers of the retina
d) vitreous body
e) sclera
24.024. The ophthalmic nerve is:
a) sensory nerve
b) motor nerve
c) mixed nerve
d) parasympathetic nerve
e) sympathetic nerve
25. 025. In the region of the chiasm, ...% of the fibers of the optic nerves cross
26.026. The development of the eye begins at:
a) 1-2 weeks of intrauterine life
b) 3rd week of intrauterine life
c) 4th week of intrauterine life
d) 5th week of intrauterine life
e) 10th week of intrauterine life
27.027. The choroid is formed:
a) mesoderm
b) ectoderm
c) mixed nature
d) neuroectoderm
e) endoderm
28.028. The retina is formed from:
a) ectoderm
b) neuroectoderm
c) mesoderm
d) endoderm
e) mixed nature
29.029. Passes through the superior orbital fissure:
a) ophthalmic nerve
b) oculomotor nerves
c) main venous collector
d) abducens, trochlear nerves
d) all of the above are true
30.030. Eyelids are:
a) top of the orbit
b) accessory, protective part of the organ of vision
c) all of the above
d) lateral wall of the orbit
e) do not belong to the organ of vision
31.031. The branches of the ophthalmic artery are:
a) central retinal artery
b) lacrimal artery
c) supraorbital artery
d) frontal, supratrochlear artery
d) all of the above are true
32.032. The outflow of blood from the eyelids is directed:
a) towards the veins of the orbit, facial veins, in both directions
b) towards the facial veins
c) in both directions
d) towards the upper jaw
e) towards the cavernous sinus
33.033. Pericorneal injection indicates:
a) conjunctivitis, increased IOP, inflammation of the vascular tract
b) increased intraocular pressure
c) inflammation of the vascular tract
d) damage to tear-producing organs
e) intraocular foreign body
34. 34. Innervation of the lacrimal gland is carried out:
a) parasympathetic nervous system
b) sympathetic nervous system
c) mixed type
d) facial and trigeminal nerves
e) abducens nerve
35. 35. The outflow of fluid from the anterior chamber is carried out through:
a) pupil area
b) lens capsule
c) ligaments of cinnamon
d) trabeculae zone
e) iris zone
36. 36. The position of the jagged line corresponds to:
a) limbus projection zone
b) the place of attachment of the tendons of the rectus muscles
c) trabeculae projection zone
d) behind the projection zone of the ciliary body
37. 37. The choroid consists of a layer:
a) small, medium, large blood vessels
b) middle vessels
c) large blood vessels
d) nerve fibers
38. 38. The optic nerve has sheaths:
a) soft shell, arachnoid, internal elastic
b) arachnoid
c) internal elastic
d) hard shell
39.039. Moisture of the anterior chamber is used for:
a) nutrition of the cornea and lens
b) removal of waste metabolic products
c) maintaining normal ophthalmotonus
d) all of the above
40. 40. Within<мышечной воронки>located:
a) optic nerve
b) ophthalmic artery
c) oculomotor nerve
d) abducens nerve
d) all of the above
41. 41. The vitreous body performs all functions:
a) trophic function
b) "buffer function"
c) light transmitting function
d) support function
d) all of the above
42. 42. Orbital tissues receive nutrition from sources:
a) ethmoid arteries, lacrimal, ophthalmic arteries
b) lacrimal artery
c) ophthalmic artery
d) central retinal artery
e) middle cerebral artery
43. 43. The blood supply of the eyeball is carried out by the vessels:
a) ophthalmic artery
b) central retinal artery
c) posterior short ciliary arteries
d) anterior ciliary arteries
d) all of the above are true
44. 44. Short posterior ciliary arteries feed:
a) cornea
b) iris
c) sclera
d) outer layers of the retina
e) inner layers of the retina
45. 45. Blood supply to the ciliary body and iris is carried out:
a) long posterior ciliary arteries
b) long posterior ciliary arteries, anterior ciliary
c) anterior ciliary arteries
d) ethmoid arteries
e) medial arteries of the eyelids
46. 46. The outflow of blood from the tissues of the orbit is carried out through:
a) superior ophthalmic vein
b) inferior ophthalmic vein
c) central retinal vein
d) superior temporal branch of the central retinal vein
d) all of the above are true
47. 47. Motor innervation of the extraocular muscles is carried out through the following structures:
a) oculomotor, abducens, trochlear nerve
b) abducens nerve
c) trochlear nerve
d) trigeminal nerve
e) trigeminal node
2. Physiology of the organ of vision, functional and clinical methods of research
Choose one correct answer
48. 48. The main function of the visual analyzer, without which all its other visual functions cannot develop, is:
a) peripheral vision
b) monocular visual acuity
c) color vision
d) light perception
e) binocular vision
49. 49. With visual acuity above 1.0, the value of the angle of view is equal to:
a) less than 1 minute
b) 1 minute
c) 1.5 minutes
d) 2 minutes
e) 2.5 minutes
50. 50. For the first time, a table for determining visual acuity was compiled by:
a) Golovin
b) Sivtsev
c) Snellen
d) Landolt
e) Orlova
51. 51. With parafoveal fixation, visual acuity in a child of 10-12 years old corresponds to the following values:
a) more than 1.0
e) below 0.5
52. 52. In modern tables for determining visual acuity Golovin Sivtsev to determine visual acuity, small details of the presented objects are visible from the angle of view:
a) less than 1 minute
b) in 1 minute
c) in 2 minutes
d) in 3 minutes
e) more than 3 minutes
53. 53. In the event that a person distinguishes only the first line of the table for determining visual acuity from a distance of 1 meter, then his visual acuity is equal to:
54. 54. Light perception is absent in a patient with:
a) intense total clouding of the cornea
b) total cataract
c) central retinal degeneration
d) complete atrophy of the optic nerve
e) rupture of the retina in the macular zone
55. 55. The functional state of the spiny apparatus of the retina is determined by:
a) light perception
b) the state of light adaptation
c) visual acuity
d) the boundaries of peripheral vision
56. 56. Dark adaptation should be investigated in patients with:
a) retinal abiotrophy
b) mild to moderate myopia
c) hypermetropia with astigmatism
d) strabismus
e) refractive amblyopia
57. 57. The formation of binocular vision is possible only with a combination of high right and left eyes with:
a) orthophoria
b) exophoria
c) esophoria
d) lack of fusion
58. 58. The adaptive ability of the visual analyzer is determined by the ability to:
a) see objects in low light
b) distinguish light
c) adapt to light of different levels of brightness
d) see objects at different distances
d) distinguish shades of different colors
59. 59. The fusion reflex in a healthy child is formed already at the age
a) 1st week of life
b) the first month of life
c) the first 2 months of life
d) the first 5-6 months of life
e) 2nd year of life
60.060. The size of the blind spot, determined campimetrically, is normally equal to:
61. 61. Homonymous and heteronymous hemianopsia is determined in patients with:
a) central retinal degeneration
b) anisometropia
c) pathological changes in the visual pathways
d) pathological processes in the region of the Graziole bundle
e) atrophy of papillomacular nerve fibers
62. 62. The fixation reflex is formed in a healthy child already:
a) in the first week of life
b) in the first month of life
c) by 2 months of age
d) by 6 months of age
e) to the year of life
63. 63. Chloropsia is a vision of all surrounding objects in:
a) yellow
b) red
c) green
d) blue
64.064. Physiological scotoma, determined during the perimetric examination of a person, is normally located in relation to the fixation point in:
a) 15 degrees from the bow
b) 20 degrees from the bow
c) 15 degrees from the temporal side
d) 25 degrees from the temporal side
e) 30 degrees from the temporal side
65.065. Erythropsia is a vision of all surrounding objects in:
a) blue
b) yellow
c) red
d) green
66.066. Xanthopsia is a vision of surrounding objects in:
a) blue
b) yellow
c) green
d) red
67.067. Cyanopsia is a vision of surrounding objects in:
a) yellow
b) blue
c) red
68. 68. Normally, the field of view has the smallest dimensions on:
a) white color
b) red color
c) green color
d) yellow
e) blue color
69. 69. In a healthy adult with a normally developed visual analyzer, individual fluctuations in the boundaries of the field of vision for white color do not exceed:
a) 5-10 degrees
b) 15 degrees
c) 20 degrees
d) 25 degrees
70. 70. The widest borders (in the norm) have a field of view on:
a) red color
b) yellow color
c) green color
d) blue color
e) white color
71. 71. In an adult with a normally developed visual analyzer, the lower limit of the white field of vision is from the point of fixation at:
a) 45 degrees
b) 50 degrees
c) 55 degrees
d) 65-70 degrees
72. 72. In an adult with a normally developed visual analyzer, the outer (temporal) border of the visual field to white is located from the fixation point to:
a) 60 degrees
b) 70 degrees
c) 90 degrees
d) 100 degrees
e) 120 degrees
73. 73. In an adult with a normally developed visual analyzer, the inner border of the field of vision for white is located from the point of fixation at:
a) 25 degrees
b) 30-40 degrees
c) 55 degrees
d) 65 degrees
e) 75 degrees
74. 74. For the normal formation of stereoscopic vision, a necessary condition is the presence of:
a) normal boundaries of peripheral vision
b) monocular visual acuity not lower than 1.0
c) trichromatic vision
d) binocular vision
e) normal adaptive ability of the organ of vision
75. 75. Normal intraocular pressure in an adult should not exceed:
a) 10-12 mm Hg. St
b) 12-15mm Hg
c) 15-20mm Hg
d) 20-23 mm Hg.
76. 76. It is impossible to objectively evaluate a pathological change in ophthalmotonus only by:
a) tonometric study by the Maklakov-Polyak method
b) palpation examination of the eyes
c) tonometric examination of the eye with a Dashevsky tonometer
d) tonographic examination
e) elastotonometry
77. 77. The bactericidal effect of tears is ensured by the presence in it of:
a) lidases
b) chymopsin
c) lysozyme
d) phosphatase
e) mucin
78. 78. The number of eyelid blinks in children reaches the normal 8-12 in 1 minute by age:
a) 3 months of age
b) 1 year of life
c) 5 years of life
d) 7-10 years of life
e) 14-15 years of life
79. 79. The first part of the West test is considered positive if the coloring matter (collargol or fluorescein) completely leaves the conjunctival sac into the lacrimal ducts due to:
a) 1-2 minutes
b) 2-3 minutes
c) 3-4 minutes
d) 4-5 minutes
e) 6-7 minutes longer
80. 80. The second part of the West test is considered positive if the coloring matter from the conjunctival sac passes into the nose for:
a) 1 minute
b) 2 minutes
c) 3 minutes
d) 5-10 minutes
e) more than 10 minutes
81. 81. One of the following substances is used for contrast radiography of the lacrimal ducts:
a) collargol
b) fluorescein
c) iodolipol
d) aqueous solution of brilliant green
e) blue water solution
82. 82. Normal functioning of the lacrimal glands (excretion of tears) is formed in children aged:
a) the first S-1 months of life
b) the first 2-3 months of life
c) the first 6-8 months of life
d) 1 year of life
e) 2-3 years of life
83. 83. Meibomian glands, located in the cartilaginous plates of the eyelids, secrete:
b) mucous secretion
c) sebum
d) aqueous humor
84. 84. The secret of the meibomian glands is necessary for:
a) lubrication of the surface of the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye
b) lubrication of the edge of the eyelids in order to protect their surface from maceration
c) nutrition of the cornea and conjunctiva
d) prevention of the development of the inflammatory process in the conjunctiva
e) prevention of the development of a dystrophic process in the cornea
85. 85. Low sensitivity of the cornea in children during the first months of life is associated with:
a) structural features of the corneal epithelium
b) a feature of the functioning of the lacrimal glands
c) still incomplete formation of the trigeminal nerve
d) insufficient functioning of the mucous glands
e) sensory nerve endings too deeply located in the corneal tissue
86. 86. The highest sensitivity of the cornea is determined in:
a) areas of the limbus
b) paralimbal zone
c) its upper half
d) central zone
e) paracentral zone
87. 87. Sensitivity of the cornea is disturbed in lesions
a) facial nerve
b) oculomotor nerve
c) trigeminal nerve
d) trochlear nerve
e) abducens nerve
88.088. The refractive power of the cornea in the norm is the total refractive power of the optical system of the eye:
89.089. The permeability of liquids, gases and electrolytes through the cornea into the eye is mainly influenced by its condition:
a) epithelium and endothelium
b) stroma
c) Descemet's membrane
d) tear film
90.090. Water in intraocular fluid is up to:
91.091. Water forms in the lens of a child's eye up to:
92. 92. The main role in the redox processes of lens proteins belongs to:
a) albumin
b) globulins
c) cysteine
d) collagen
93. 93. The marginal vascular network of the cornea in a healthy eye is not detected due to the fact that these vessels:
a) not filled with blood
b) covered with opaque scleral tissue
c) has a very small caliber
d) merge in color with the surrounding tissues of the eye
94. 94. The appearance of pericorneal injection in some pathological conditions of the eye is explained by:
a) normal blood circulation in the vessels of the marginal looped network
b) increased intraocular pressure
c) an increase in blood pressure in the vascular bed of the eye
d) dilation of the vessels of the marginal looped network and increased blood supply to this part of the vascular network of the eye
e) significant thinning of the walls of the vessels of the marginal looped network
95. 95. The formation of a normal tetrahedral shape of the orbit is noted in a child already at the age of:
a) 1-2 months of life
b) 3-4 months of life
c) 6-7 months of life
d) 1 year of life
e) 2 years of life
a) time of birth
b) 2-3 months of life
c) 6 months old
d) 1 year of age
e) 2-3 years of life
97. 97. In response to the instillation of mydriatics, the maximum expansion of the pupil can be obtained in a child already at the age of:
a) 10 days of life
b) the first month of life
c) the first 3-6 months of life
d) 1 year of life
e) 3 years of age and older
98. 98. Pain sensitivity of the ciliary body is formed in a child only to:
a) 6 months old
b) 1 year of life
c) 3 years of age
d) 5-7 years of age
e) 8-10 years of age
99. 99. The accommodative function of a healthy eye in a person reaches its maximum value at the age of:
a) 3 years of life
b) 5-6 years of life
c) 7-8 years of life
d) 14-16 years of age
e) 20 years and older
100. 100. In a healthy child with normal (physiological) growth of the eyeball, the sagittal size of the eye increases during the first year of life by an average of:
101. 101. In a healthy child with normal (physiological) growth of the eyeball, the sagittal size of the eye increases from 1 year of life to 15-16 years on average by:
102. 102. In an adult with emmetripic refraction, the sagittal size of the eye is on average:
103. 103. In the vitreous body of a healthy eye, water is up to:
104. 104. The most important physiological function of Bruch's limiting membrane is:
a) protection of the retina from toxic blood components
b) the implementation of the exchange of substances between the blood and the cells of the retinal pigment epithelium
c) thermal insulation of the retina
d) barrier function
e) frame function
105. 105. The main physiological function of the vorticose veins is:
a) regulation of intraocular pressure
b) outflow of venous blood from the tissues of the posterior part of the eye
c) thermoregulation of eye tissues
d) ensuring normal retinal trophism
106. 106. Proteins in the total mass of the lens:
a) more than 70%
b) more than 30%
107. 107. The refractive power of the lens in an adult is on average:
108. 108. Vorticose veins are formed from the layer of large vessels of the choroid
a) from 2 to 3
b) 4 to 6
c) 8 to 9
109. 109. Approximately by the age of 1 year, the following layers of the retina disappear in the macular region.
a) second to third
b) third to fourth
c) five to nine
d) from the sixth to the eighth
110. 110. The vessels of the choroid are most clearly visible during ophthalmoscopy in:
a) blondes
b) brown-haired
c) brunettes
d) people of the black race
e) albinos
111. 111. In a healthy adult, the ratio of the caliber of retinal arteries and veins is normally:
112. 112. Electroretinogram reflects the functional state:
a) inner layers of the retina
b) outer layers of the retina
c) subcortical visual centers
d) cortical visual centers
113. 113. The threshold of electrical sensitivity reflects the functional state:
a) outer layers of the retina
b) inner layers of the retina
c) papillomacular bundle of the optic nerve
d) subcortical visual centers
e) cortical visual centers
114. 114. The lability index, measured by the critical frequency of the disappearance of phosphene, characterizes the functional state:
a) outer layers of the retina
b) inner layers of the retina
c) pathways (papillomacular bundle)
d) subcortical centers of the visual analyzer
115. 115. An electroencephalogram performed during a comprehensive examination of a patient with a lesion of the visual analyzer makes it possible to judge the functional state:
a) outer layers of the retina
b) pathways of the visual analyzer
c) cortical and (partly) subcortical visual centers
d) inner layers of the retina
116. 116. Normal visual acuity in a newborn child is:
a) thousandths of a unit
117. 117. Normal visual acuity in children of 6 months of life is
118. 118. Visual acuity in children of 3 years of age is normally:
d) 0.6 and above
e) 0.8 and above
119. 119. Visual acuity in children of 5 years of age is normally:
e) 0.7-0.8 and above
120. 120. Visual acuity in children of 7 years of age is normally equal to:
3. Refraction and accommodation
Choose one correct answer
121. 121. The refraction of an optical system is called:
a) a state closely related to convergence
b) refractive power of the optical system, expressed in diopters
c) the ability of an optical system to neutralize the light passing through it
d) reflection by the optical system of rays incident on it
e) a system of lenses located at a certain distance from each other
122. 122. The power of physical refraction of the human eye is normally:
a) from 10 to 20D
b) from 21 to 51D
c) from 52 to 71D
d) from 72 to 91D
e) from 91 to 100d
123. 123. There are the following types of clinical refraction of the eye:
a) permanent and non-permanent
b) dysbinocular and anisometropic
c) corneal and lens
d) static and dynamic
124. 124. Static clinical refraction of the eye reflects:
a) refractive power of the cornea
b) true clinical refraction of the eye at rest of accommodation
c) the refractive power of the lens
d) the refractive power of the optical system of the eye in relation to the retina with the current accommodation
125. 125. Dynamic clinical refraction of the eye is understood as:
a) the refractive power of the optical system of the eye in relation to the retina with the current accommodation
Book
VK. Balsevich - Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, Doctor of Biol. Sciences, Professor of RSUPC, Editor-in-chief of the journal "Physical culture: upbringing, education, training",
01. The thinnest wall of the orbit is:
a) outer wall
b) top wall
c) inner wall
d) bottom wall
e) upper and inner
02. The optic nerve canal serves to pass:
a) optic nerve
b) abducens nerve
c) oculomotor nerve
d) central retinal vein
e) frontal artery
03. The lacrimal sac is located:
a) inside the eye
b) outside the eye socket
c) partly inside and partly outside the orbit.
d) in the maxillary cavity
e) in the middle cranial fossa
04. For eyelid wounds, tissue regeneration:
a) high
b) low
c) does not differ significantly from tissue regeneration in other areas of the face
d) lower than other areas of the face.
e) higher than other areas of the face
05. Tear-producing organs include:
a) lacrimal gland and accessory lacrimal glands
b) lacrimal openings
c) lacrimal ducts
d) nasolacrimal canal
06. The nasolacrimal duct opens into:
a) inferior nasal passage
b) middle nasal passage
c) superior nasal passage
d) in the maxillary sinus
d) in the main sinus
07. The greatest thickness of the sclera is in the zone:
b) equator
c) optic disc
d) under the tendon of the rectus muscles.
e) under the tendon of the oblique muscles
08. The cornea consists of:
a) two layers
b) three layers
c) four layers
d) five layers
e) six layers
09. The layers of the cornea are located:
a) parallel to the surface of the cornea
b) chaotically
c) concentric
d) in an oblique direction
10. Nutrition of the cornea is carried out due to:
a) marginal looped vasculature
b) central retinal artery
c) lacrimal artery
d) anterior ciliary arteries
e) supratrochlear artery
11. The optic disc is located:
a) in the center of the fundus
b) in the nasal half of the fundus:
d) in the upper half of the fundus
e) outside the fundus
12. The functional center of the retina is:
a) optic disc
b) central fossa
c) zone of the dentate line
d) vascular bundle.
e) juxtapapillary zone
13. The optic nerve exits the orbit through:
a) superior orbital fissure
b) for. opticum
c) inferior orbital fissure
d) round hole
d) maxillary sinus
14. The vascular tract performs:
a) trophic function
b) light refraction function
c) light perception function
d) protective function
e) support function
15. The retina performs the function:
a) refraction of light
b) trophic
c) perception of light
d) protective function
e) support function
16. Intraocular fluid is produced mainly by:
a) rainbow
b) choroid
c) lens
d) ciliary body
e) cornea
17. Tenon's capsule separates:
a) choroid from the sclera
b) the retina from the vitreous body
c) the eyeball from the fiber of the orbit
d) there is no correct answer
e) cornea from sclera
18. Bowman's membrane is located between:
a) corneal epithelium and stroma
b) stroma and Descemet's membrane
c) Descemet's membrane and endothelium
d) retinal layers
19. Choroid nourishes:
b) inner layers of the retina
c) the entire retina
d) optic nerve
e) sclera
20. The motor apparatus of the eye consists of muscles:
a) four
d) eight
e) ten
21. "Muscle funnel" originates from:
a) round hole
b) visual aperture
c) superior orbital fissure
d) inferior orbital fissure
e) the inner wall of the orbit
22. Haller's arterial circle is formed by:
a) long posterior ciliary arteries
b) short posterior ciliary arteries
c) ethmoid arteries
d) muscular arteries
d) all of the above
23. Central retinal artery supplies:
a) choroid
b) inner layers of the retina
c) outer layers of the retina
d) vitreous body
e) sclera
24. The ophthalmic nerve is:
a) sensory nerve
b) motor nerve
c) mixed nerve
d) parasympathetic nerve
e) sympathetic nerve
25. In the region of the chiasm, ...% of the fibers of the optic nerves cross:
e) 10%
26. The development of the eye begins at:
a) 1-2 weeks of intrauterine life
b) 3rd week-
c) 4th week
d) 5th week.
e) 10th week
27. The choroid is formed:
a) mesoderm
b) ectoderm
c) mixed nature
d) neuroectoderm
e) endoderm
28. The retina is formed from:
a) ectoderm
b) neuroectoderm
c) mesoderm
d) endoderm
e) mixed nature
29. Passes through the superior orbital fissure:
1) ophthalmic nerve
2) oculomotor nerves
3) main venous collector
4) abducens nerve
5) trochlear nerve
d) if the correct answer is 4
30. Eyelids are:
1) accessory part of the organ of vision
4) lateral wall of the orbit
5) do not belong to the organ of vision
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
31. Branches of the ophthalmic artery are:
1) central retinal artery
2) lacrimal artery
3) supraorbital artery
4) frontal artery
5) supratrochlear artery
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
32. The outflow of blood from the eyelids is directed:
1) towards the veins of the orbit
2) towards the facial veins
3) both directions
4) towards the upper jaw
5) towards the cavernous sinus
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
33. Pericorneal injection indicates:
1) conjunctivitis
2) increased intraocular pressure
3) inflammation of the vascular tract
4) damage to tear-producing organs
5) intraocular foreign body
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
34. Innervation of the lacrimal gland is carried out:
1) parasympathetic nervous system
2) sympathetic nervous system
3) by mixed type
4) facial and trigeminal nerves
5) abducens nerve
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
35. The outflow of fluid from the anterior chamber is carried out through:
1) pupil area
2) lens capsule
3) zinn ligaments
4) trabeculae zone
5) iris zone
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
36. The position of the jagged line corresponds to:
1) limbus projection zone
2) the place of attachment of the tendons of the rectus muscles
3) the projection zone of the trabeculae
4) behind the projection zone of the ciliary body
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
37. The choroid consists of a layer:
1) small vessels
2) medium vessels
3) large vessels
4) nerve fibers
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
38. The optic nerve has sheaths:
1) soft shell
2) arachnoid
3) inner elastic
4) hard shell
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
39. The moisture of the anterior chamber serves to:
1) nutrition of the cornea and lens
2) removal of waste products of metabolism
3) maintaining normal ophthalmotonus
4) light refraction
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
40. Within the "muscle funnel" is:
1) optic nerve
2) ophthalmic artery
3) oculomotor nerve
4) abducens nerve
5) trochlear nerve
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
41. The vitreous body performs all the functions:
1) trophic function
2) "buffer" function
3) light guide function
4)Support function
5) maintenance of ophthalmotonus
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
42. Orbital tissues receive nutrition from sources:
1) ethmoid arteries
2) lacrimal artery
3) ophthalmic artery
4) central retinal artery.
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
43. The blood supply of the eyeball is carried out by the vessels:
1) ophthalmic artery
2) central retinal artery
3) posterior short ciliary arteries
4) anterior ciliary arteries
5) posterior long ciliary arteries
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
44. Short posterior ciliary arteries supply:
1) cornea
2) iris
4) outer layers of the retina
5) inner layers of the retina.
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
45. Blood supply of the ciliary body and iris is carried out:
1) long posterior ciliary arteries
2) short posterior ciliary arteries
3) anterior ciliary arteries
4) ethmoid arteries
5) medial arteries of the eyelids
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
46. Outflow of blood from the tissues of the orbit is carried out through:
1) superior ophthalmic vein
2) inferior ophthalmic vein
3) central retinal vein
5) lower temporal branch of the central retinal vein
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
47. The motor innervation of the extraocular muscles is carried out by the following structures:
1) oculomotor nerve
2) abducens nerve
3) trochlear nerve
4) trigeminal nerve
5) trigeminal knot
Choose the correct answer according to the diagram
a) if answers 1,2 and 3 are correct
b) if answers 1 and 3 are correct
c) if answers 2 and 4 are correct
d) if the correct answer is 4
e) if answers 1,2,3,4 and 5 are correct
(=#) SECTION 2. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ORGAN OF VISION. FUNCTIONAL AND CLINICAL METHODS OF INVESTIGATION OF THE ORGAN OF VISION
48. The main function of the visual analyzer, without which all its other visual functions cannot develop, is:
a) peripheral vision
b) monocular visual acuity
c) color vision
d) light perception
e) binocular vision.
49. With visual acuity above 1.0, the value of the angle of view is:
a) less than 1 minute
b) 1 minute
c) 1.5 minutes
d) 2 minutes
e) 2.5 minutes
50. For the first time, a table for determining visual acuity was compiled by:
a) Golovin
b) Sivtsev
c) Snellen
d) Landolt
e) Orlova
51. With parafoveolar fixation, visual acuity in a child aged 10-12 years corresponds to the following values:
a) more than 1.0
e) below 0.513
52. In modern tables for determining visual acuity Golovin Sivtsev to determine visual acuity, small details of the presented objects are visible from an angle of view:
a) less than 1 minute
b) in 1 minute
c) in 2 minutes
d) in 3 minutes
e) more than 3 minutes
53. In the event that a person distinguishes only the first line of the table for determining visual acuity from a distance of 1 meter, then his visual acuity is equal to:
e) 0.005
54. Light perception is absent in a patient with:
a) intense total clouding of the cornea
b) total cataract
c) central retinal degeneration
d) complete atrophy of the optic nerve
e) rupture of the retina in the macular zone
55. The functional state of the cone apparatus of the retina is determined by:
a) light perception
b) the state of light adaptation
c) visual acuity
d) the boundaries of peripheral vision
56. Dark adaptation should be investigated in patients with:
a) retinal abiotrophy
b) mild to moderate myopia
c) hypermetropia with astigmatism
d) strabismus
e) refractive amblyopia
57. The formation of binocular vision is possible only with a combination of high vision of the right and left eyes with:
a) orthophoria
b) exophoria
c) esophoria
d) lack of fusion
58. The adaptive ability of the visual analyzer is determined by the ability to:
a) see objects in low light
b) distinguish light
c) adapt to light of different levels of brightness
d) see objects at different distances
d) distinguish shades of different colors
#THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF TEARING ARE
Non-immersion of the lacrimal points in the lacrimal lake
Inflammation of the tear ducts
Inflammation of the lacrimal sac
Inflammation of the lacrimal canal
Narrowing or obstruction of any segment of the tear duct
All of the above reasons
#THE TUBULAR TEST IS CONSIDERED POSITIVE IF THE EYEBALL AFTER
INSTALLATION Sol.Collargoli 3% STARTS DISCOLORED THROUGH
1-2 minutes
3-4 minutes
More than 10 minutes
#NOSAL TEST IS CONSIDERED POSITIVE IF Sol.Collargoli 3% GOES
IN THE NOSE THROUGH
1-2 minutes
5-10 minutes
10-15 minutes
15-20 minutes
#COLORING SUBSTANCE IS USED FOR CARRYING OUT TEAR AND NOSAL TEST
Furacilin 1:5000
Sol Collargoli 3%
1% alcohol solution of brilliant green
#DURING THE WASHING OF THE TEAR TRACTS WITH THEIR NORMAL PASSABILITY
LIQUID LEAKES OUT
A trickle from the nose
Drops from the nose
Through another lacrimal opening
Through the same lacrimal opening
# THE MOST COMPLETE INFORMATION ABOUT THE LEVEL OF OBLITERATION OF THE TEARS
tubular test
Tear-nasal test
Washing of the lacrimal ducts
Diagnostic probing
X-ray with contrast agent
#IN ACUTE DACRYOADENITIS, THE PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS IS LOCALIZED
In the outer part of the upper eyelid
In the inner part of the upper eyelid
In the outer part of the lower eyelid
In the inner part of the lower eyelid
Can be any localization
#DACRYOADENITIS IS A COMPLICATION OF GENERAL INFECTIONS
typhoid fever
mumps
Any of the listed diseases
#THE CAUSE OF CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS IS
Lacrimal duct stenosis
Stenosis of the lacrimal canal
Chronic conjunctivitis
Chronic meibomitis
#WHY PROBING OF THE NALARINO-NASIRAL CANAL IS CONTRAINDICATED WHEN
CHRONIC DACRYOCYSTITIS
Formation of additional strictures
Damage to the wall of the sac and breakthrough of the infection into the surrounding tissues
Probing is not contraindicated
Damage to large blood vessels
#OUTDOOR BARLEY IS
Inflammatory infiltrate in the eyelid
Acute purulent inflammation of the hair follicle of the eyelash root
Chronic inflammation of the sebaceous gland
Acute inflammation of the meibomian gland
#OUTDOOR BARLEY IS MORE COMMONLY CALLED
diplococcus
pneumococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus
#REASONS FOR THE APPEARANCE OF BARLEY
Trigeminal paresis
nervous stress
Avitaminosis, weakening of the body after infections
Long-term work associated with accommodation stress
#MAIN COMPLAINT WITH OUTDOOR BARLEY AT THE BEGINNING OF THE PROCESS
Photophobia
lacrimation
Purulent discharge from the conjunctival cavity
Local pain in the corresponding part of the eyelid
#PRIMARY LOCALIZATION OF OUTDOOR BARLEY
Upper eyelid
lower eyelid
At the inner corner
At the outer corner
#OBJECTIVE DATA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE BARLEY PROCESS
Limited redness and swelling
Inability to open one's eyes
Moderate exophthalmos
Purulent crusts at the roots of eyelashes
#MANIPULATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF BARLEY WHICH CAN LEAD TO SUCH
COMPLICATIONS LIKE PHEGMON OF THE ORBIT, THROMBOPHLEBITIS OF THE ORBITAL VEINS
Lotions from tea
Autohemotherapy
dry heat
Squeezing out pus
#DURING THE OPERATIONAL REMOVAL OF THE CHALAZION, THE REMOVED TISSUE IS DIRECTED
FOR HISTOLOGY, BECAUSE:
Chalazion is a malignancy
Gives metastases to tubular bones
Instead of a chalazion, there may be adenocarcinoma of the meibomian gland.
To detect viral inclusions in cells
# FOR LAGOPHTHALMOUS CHARACTERISTIC
Inability to close the palpebral fissure
Upper eyelid droop
#PTOSIS MAY BE CAUSED BY LESION
N.oculomotorius
#FOR PTOSIS CHARACTERISTIC
Inability to close the palpebral fissure
Complete or partial fusion of the edges of the eyelids in the area of the palpebral fissure
Upper eyelid droop
Skin fold of the upper eyelid in the area of the outer corner of the eye
#PTOSIS TREATMENT
Surgical
Sol.Atropini sulfatis instillations 1%
Laying a medicinal film with an antibiotic behind the eyelid
Exercises to strengthen the muscle that lifts the upper eyelid
Through hypnosis
#TO ACUTE PURULENT INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE EYELIDS ARE
Blepharitis
Chalazion
#SYMPTOMS OF BLEPHARITIS ARE EXCEPT
Inflammation of the edges of the eyelids
Loss of eyelashes
Persistent long course
Scale formation at the root of the eyelashes
exophthalmos
#CAUSES OF BLEPHARITIS ARE EXCEPT
Pathology of the digestive tract
Endocrine and metabolic disorders
Worm infestations
Uncorrected refractive errors (hypermetropia, astigmatism)
Paresis of the oculomotor nerve
#THE KEY TO SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF BLEPHARITIS IS
Elucidation of the etiology of the disease
Systematic, regular long-term treatment
Correction of ametropia
Balanced diet
All of the above activities
#TO MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS OF THE EYELID
Dermoid cyst
Meibomian gland adenocarcinoma
meibomian gland adenoma
All of the above educations
#BENIGN NEOPLASMS OF THE EYELID ARE
Dermoid cyst
Skin horn
meibomian gland adenoma
Hemangioma
All of the above educations
None of the above formations
#INNERVATION OF THE CORNEAL IS PROVIDED
First branch of the trigeminal nerve, sympathetic fibers of the plexus
internal carotid artery
First branch of the trigeminal nerve, sympathetic fibers of the plexus
internal carotid artery, facial nerve
First branch of the trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, parasympathetic
oculomotor nerve fibers
#VERY MAJORITY OF SENSITIVE NERVE ENDINGS ARE
Anterior epithelium and superficial layers of the stroma
Anterior epithelium, superficial and deep layers of stroma
Anterior epithelium, superficial and deep layers of the stroma, posterior
epithelium
#THE MAIN METHODS FOR STUDYING THE STATE OF THE CORNEAL ARE
Transmitted light study and side illumination method
Side illumination method and biomicroscopy
Biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy
#TO DETERMINE THE INTEGRITY OF THE CORNEA EPITHELIUM IT IS NECESSARY TO DROP IN
CONJUNCTIVE CAVITY
Sol.Dicaini 0.5%
Sol.Sulfacyli-natrii 30%
Sol Collargoli 1%
Sol.Fluoresceini 1%
#FOR A BASIC CHECK OF CORNEAL SENSITIVITY
Apply the "air jet" method (from a rubber bulb or mouth)
They touch with a thin flagellum rolled from damp cotton
Touch the cornea with the end of a glass rod or pipette,
strip of paper
#INFLAMMATORY DISEASE OF THE CORNEA IS CALLED
conjunctivitis
Keratitis
Cyclite
# FOR KERATITIS CHARACTERISTIC
Conjunctival injection
Pericorneal injection
Mixed injection
congestive injection
#FOR PERICORNEEAL INJECTION THE FOLLOWING SIGNS ARE CHARACTERISTIC
Dilated vessels of the marginal looped network, not visible due to matte
episclera, translucent with a pink-violet halo along the limbus,
with decreasing intensity towards the vaults
The conjunctiva is dark red with a bluish tint and dilated
and tortuous vessels, the underlying episclera is edematous with excessive
blood filling of vessels
The conjunctiva is bright red, decreasing in intensity as
approaching the cornea; well visible individual
vessels overflowing with blood, possible petechiae
#INFLAMMATORY FOCUS IN THE CORNEA IS CALLED
Abscess
Infiltrate
Phlegmon
#DURING KERATITIS OPPOSITION
Gray color with blurry borders
White color with clear borders
#WHEN BELLME (LEUKOM) HADDEN
Gray color with clear borders
Gray color with blurry borders
White color with blurry borders
White color with clear borders
#DURING KERATITIS, OPPOSITION IN THIS AREA
Gray color with no specular sheen
White with a mirror finish
#WHEN BELM (LEUKOM) HARROW IN THIS AREA
Gray color with a mirror finish
Gray color with no specular sheen
White with a mirror finish
White color with no luster
#TYPICAL COMPLAINTS IN KERATITIS ARE
Photophobia, bursting pain when looking at a light source, feeling
Photophobia, lacrimation, blepharospasm, foreign body sensation behind
#SYNDROME CHARACTERIZED BY COMPLAINTS TYPICAL FOR KERATITIS
IN COMBINATION WITH PERICORNEEAL INJECTION, Referred to as
keratitis
Pericorneal
horn-shaped
# IN ACUTE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS OF THE CORNEA INFILTRATION AT THE BEGINNING
Scarred
ulcerates
Metastasizes
#THE INGROWTH OF BLOOD VESSELS IN THE CORNEAL GOT A NAME
Infiltration
Vascularization
#SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN CORNEAL SENSITIVITY IS CHARACTERISTIC FOR
KERATITIS
bacterial
herpetic
tuberculosis
syphilitic
#POSSIBLE CAUSES OF PURULENT CORNEA ULCER ARE
Adenoviruses, herpes virus, mycobacteria
Blue-purulent and E. coli
Diplococcus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus
#ACCUMULATION OF PUS ON THE BOTTOM OF THE ANTERIOR CAMERA IS CALLED
Leukoma
Hypopyon
#MAIN CLINICAL SYMPTOMS OF CREEPING CORNEA ULCER
Abundant purulent discharge from the bottom of the ulcer, rough scarring
with a pronounced violation of the sphericity of the cornea
Deep and extensive ulceration of the cornea, severe vascularization,
early scarring
Presence of a progressive ulcer zone (active margin), early iridocyclitis
with hypopyon
#POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS OF PURULENT CORNEA ULCER
Atrophy of the eyeball, cataract, symblepharon
Corneal perforation, endophthalmitis, secondary glaucoma
Panophthalmitis, pannus, keratoconus
#IN PURULENT KERATITIS, IT IS NECESSARY TO CARRY OUT THE FOLLOWING LABORATORY
RESEARCH
Immunological
Biochemical
Microscopic and bacteriological
Fluorescent research methods
#PRINCIPLES OF CONSERVATIVE THERAPY OF PURULENT KERATITIS
Active antibiotic therapy, cleansing and quenching of the ulcer, stimulation
epithelialization, relief of iridocyclitis
Active anti-inflammatory therapy using
corticosteroids, diathermocoagulation of ulcers, stimulation of ulcer scarring
Antibacterial therapy, local anesthetics, packing
the bottom of the ulcer with antibiotic ointment with a monocular bandage applied
#IN PURULENT KERATITIS THE MOST EFFECTIVE OF ANTIBACTERIALS
DRUGS
Sol instillations. Sulfacyli-natrii 30%
Pawning Ung. Laevomycetin 5%
Subconjunctival injections Sol. Gentamycini
#CLINICAL FORMS OF SUPERFICIAL HERPETIC KERATITIS ARE
Keratoconjunctivitis, punctate and discoid keratitis
Keratouveitis, epithelial and metaherpetic keratitis
Vesicular (punctate) and tree-like keratitis
#DEEP HERPETIC KERATITIS ARE
Subepithelial punctate keratitis, discoid keratitis
Metaherpetic keratitis, discoid keratitis, keratouveitis
Subepithelial keratitis, dendritic keratitis, keratouveitis
#PECULIARITIES OF THE CLINICAL COURSE OF HERPETIC KERATITIS
Occur against the background of a cold, the severity of corneal
syndrome is associated with corneal hyperesthesia, torpid course,
intense scarring
Often occurs after ARVI, a sharp decrease
corneal sensitivity, slow course, tendency to relapse
Occurs in immunosuppressive conditions of the body,
characterized by significant vascularization, a rapid course with
the formation of a rough scar as a result
#DURING THE TREATMENT OF HERPETIC KERATITIS, INSTILLATIONS ARE ASSIGNED
Sol. Sulfacyli-natrii 30%
Sol. Gentamycini 0.3% Sol. Penicillini 1%
Sol. Interferoni leicocytaris, Sol.Dezoxyribonucleazae, Sol.IDU
Sol. Dexametazoni 0.1% Sol. Hydrocortisone 0.5%
#DURING THE TREATMENT OF HERPETIC KERATITIS, THE FOLLOWING OINTMENTS ARE ASSIGNED
DRUGS
Ung. Solcoserili (Actovegini) 20%
Ung. Hydrocortizoni 0.5% Ung. Prednisoloni 1%
Ung. Laevomycetini 5% Ung. Gentamycini 1%
Ung. Bonaphtoni 0.05% Ung. Tebrofeni 0.1%, Ung Florenali 0.1%,
#DURING THE TREATMENT OF HERPETIC KERATITIS, THE FOLLOWING ARE ASSIGNED
SUBCONJUNCTIVE INJECTIONS
Sol. Gamma-globulini, Sol. Reaferoni, Sol. Poludani
Sol. Clopharani, Sol. Gentamycini, Sol. Ceporini
Sol. Dexazoni, Sol. Hydrocortisoni
Sol. ATP, Sol. Lidazae, Sol. Riboflavini
#THE CAUSE OF TUBERCULOSIS AND ALLERGIC KERATITIS IS
Hematogenous penetration of Koch's wand
Local manifestation of sensitization of the body
Toxic effects of the decay products of mycobacteria
#TUBERCULOSIS AND ALLERGIC KERATOKONJUNCTIVITIS USUALLY OCCUR
AT. . . . . AGE
#CORNEAL SYNDROME IN TUBERCULOSIS-ALLERGIC KERATITIS IS EXPRESSED
Absent
Very much
#APPEARING NEAR THE LIMB WITH TUBERCULOSIS AND ALLERGIC KERATITIS
TRANSPARENT, ROUND, GRAY "Knots", GOT A NAME
Infiltrate
Flikten
#COURSE OF TUBERCULOSIS AND ALLERGIC KERATITIS
Acute, recurrent
Subacute, wavy
Chronic, protracted
#PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF FLYCTENULOUS KERATITIS
Streptomycin and tetracycline antibiotics
Enzymatic preparations
Corticosteroids
#WITH TUBERCULOSIS, THE INFECTION GETS INTO THE CORNEA
From the external environment
From the conjunctiva
From the uveal tract
#TUBERCULOSIC KERATITIS USUALLY HAPPENS
Unilateral
bilateral
#SPECIFIC TB PROCESS AFFECTS
Superficial layers of the cornea
Deep layers of the cornea
All layers of the cornea
#VASCULARIZATION IN TUBERCULOSIS KERATITIS
Not typical
Superficial, soft
Deep
#OUTCOMES OF TB KERATITIS
Favorable
Adverse
#IN THE LONG-TERM REMISSION PERIOD OF RECURRENT TB
KERATITIS IS SHOWN
Revaccination
Course anti-inflammatory therapy
Keratoplasty
#TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS KERATITIS IS CARRIED OUT
Ophthalmologist at polyclinic
Family doctor
Surgical clinic ophthalmologist
Phthisio-ophthalmologist
#PARENCHYMATOUS (INTERSTITIAL) SYPHILITIC KERATITIS USUALLY
OCCUR IN ..... AGE
#PARENCHYMATOUS KERATITIS IS A MANIFESTATION OF..... SYPHILIS
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
congenital
#DURING SYPHILITIC PARENCHYMATOUS KERATITIS STAGES ARE DISTRIBUTED
Alterations, infiltrations, vascularizations
Infiltration, vascularization, resorption
Infiltration, ulceration, scarring
Infiltration, vascularization, proliferation
#EACH STAGE OF PARENCHYMATOUS KERATITIS LASTS ABOUT
4-6 weeks
4-6 months
#IN SYPHILITIC PARENCHYMATOUS KERATITIS CORNEAL SYNDROME
Absent
Weakly expressed
Very pronounced
#CLINIC OF SYPHILITIC PARENCHYMATOUS KERATITIS IS CHARACTERIZED
Local infiltration in the superficial layers of the cornea
Local infiltration in the deep layers of the cornea
Diffuse infiltration in the superficial layers of the cornea
Diffuse infiltration in the deep layers of the cornea
#IN SYPHILITIC PARENCHYMATOUS KERATITIS IS NOTICED
Only superficial vascularization
Deep corneal vascularization
No vascular ingrowth is observed.
#OUTCOME OF PARENCHYMATOUS KERATITIS WITH ADEQUATE TREATMENT
Favorable
Adverse
Doubtful
#LIMITED CORNEAL OPAGINATION, BARRELLY VISIBLE UNDER SIDE LIGHTING,
NO LONGER VISUAL ACUITY, GOT A NAME
Infiltrate
Spot (macula)
Cloud (nubecula)
Belmo (leucoma)
#PERSISTENT LIMITED HARROW, VISIBLE AND WITH THE NAIL EYE,
NAMED
Spot(macula)
Belmo(leucoma)
#PERSISTENT, OFTEN VASCULAR OPAGNITION, LIGHT GRAY OR WHITE,
OCCUPING MOST OF THE CORNEAL, ACCOMPANIED BY A SIGNIFICANT
REDUCED OBJECT VISION, CALLED
Vascularization
Belmom (leucoma)
Spot(macula)
#CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF FORMING CORNEAL OPAGEMENTS CONSISTS
IN APPOINTMENT
Enzymes
tissue biostimulators
vitamin therapy
Immunomodulators
#THE LEADING SURGICAL METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF WELLM IS
Refractive keratotomy
Laser coagulation
Layered keratoplasty
Fistulizing keratectomy
#IN IRIDOCYCLITIS
The pupil is gray, there is no reflex from the fundus, IOP is normal
Pericorneal injection, precipitates on the posterior surface of the cornea,
pupil is narrow, IOP is normal
The eye is calm, the pupil is black, there is atrophy and excavation in the fundus
optic nerve, IOP increased
Congestive eyeball injection, anterior chamber shallow, pupil
wide, IOP high
The pupil is gray, when examined in transmitted light, dark
bands in the form of "spokes in a wheel", IOP is normal
#TYPICAL COMPLAINTS IN ACUTE IRIDOCYCLITIS ARE
Photophobia, bursting pain when looking at a light source, feeling
bursting in the eye, fog in front of the eyes
Lachrymation, burning sensation and "litter" behind the eyelids, "sticking"
century in the morning, a light veil before the eyes
Photophobia, lacrimation, blepharospasm, foreign body sensation behind
upper eyelid, decreased visual acuity
Aching, throbbing pain in the eye, "veil" before the eye, iridescent
circles when looking at a light source
#THE VASCULAR CONSISTS OF..... PARTS
#IN THE IRIS ARE LOCATED
Dilator and Muller's muscle
Müller and Brücke muscles
Brücke muscle and accommodative muscle
Accommodative muscle and sphincter
sphincter and dilator
#IN THE IRIS THERE IS ..... MUSCLES
#FIBERS THAT INSERVE THE PUPIL SFINCTER ARE PART OF
N.Oculomotorius
#INNERVATION OF THE SFINCTER OF THE PUPIL IS PROVIDED
Parasympathetic nerve
Sympathetic nerve
Somatic nerve
#INNERVATION OF THE PUPIL DILATOR IS CARRIED OUT
Parasympathetic nerve
Sympathetic nerve
Somatic nerve
#FIBERS THAT INSERVE THE ACCOMMODATIVE MUSCLE ARE PART OF .... THE NERVE
Oculomotor
diverting
blocky
Facial
Trinity
#SENSITIVE INNERVATION OF THE IRIS IS CARRIED OUT... BY THE NERVE
Oculomotor
diverting
blocky
sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Trinity (first branch)
Trinity (second branch)
No sensory nerves
#SENSITIVE INNERVATION OF THE CILIARY BODY IS CARRIED OUT..... BY THE NERVE
Oculomotor
diverting
blocky
sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Trinity (first branch)
Trinity (second branch)
No sensory nerves
#SENSITIVE INNERVATION OF THE CHORIOID IS CARRIED OUT ...... BY THE NERVE
Oculomotor
diverting
blocky
sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Trinity (first branch)
Trinity (second branch)
No sensory nerves
#IN THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE IRIS AND THE CILARY BODY PARTICIPATE
Anterior ciliary arteries, posterior short ciliary arteries
Anterior ciliary arteries, posterior long ciliary arteries
Anterior ciliary arteries, posterior long ciliary arteries,
branches of conjunctival vessels
#CILIARY BODY PERFORMS TWO FUNCTIONS, SPECIFY
The production of intraocular fluid and the active component of accommodation
and disaccommodation
The active component of accommodation and disaccommodation and regulates
pupil size
Adjusts pupil size and regulates the amount of light
entering the eye
Regulates the amount of light entering the eye and provides
nutrition of the retina
Provides nutrition to the retina and regulates light perception
Regulates light perception and provides color perception
Provides color perception and the production of intraocular fluid
#COLOR OF THE INJECTION IS BLUE; HIGHEST INTENSITY
INJECTIONS AROUND THE CORNEAL AND WEAKES TO THE PERIPHERY, THERE IS A DIFFUSIVE
REDENING AND INDIVIDUAL VESSELS ARE NOT VISIBLE. SUCH INJECTION IS CALLED
Conjunctival
Pericorneal
Mixed
#MAIN SYMPTOMS OF IRITIS ARE EXCEPT
Pain in the eye
Decreased visual acuity and narrowing of the visual field
Pericorneal or mixed injection
Pupil constriction
Changing the color of the iris
Blurred iris pattern
#OBJECTIVE SIGNS OF IRIDOCYCLITIS
Pericorneal injection
Changing the color and pattern of the iris
Pupil constriction
The appearance of exudate in the moisture of the anterior chamber
Appearance of precipitates
All of the above
#MAIN SYMPTOMS IN CENTRAL CHORIORETINITIS ARE EXCEPT
Pain in the eye
Decreased vision
photopsies
Metamorphopsia
#INFLAMMATION OF THE IRIS IS CALLED
Choroiditis
#INFLAMMATORY OF THE EYE BODY IS CALLED
Choroiditis
Chorioretinitis
#INFLAMMATION OF THE VASCULAR PROPERLY IS CALLED
Choroiditis
Iridocyclitis
#PRECIPATES THIS
Spot deposits on the posterior surface of the cornea
Adhesions of the iris with the anterior surface of the lens
Pus in the anterior chamber of the eye
Presence of blood in the anterior chamber
Point opacities on the anterior surface of the cornea
Deposition of exudate on the iris
#SYNECHI THIS
Adhesions of the iris with the lens or cornea
Spot deposits on the posterior surface of the cornea
Floating opacities of the vitreous body
Inflammatory deposits on the anterior surface of the lens
#TREATMENT OF IRITIS AND IRIDOCYCLITIS FIRST OF ALL SHOULD START WITH
Instillation into the eye of mydriatics
Finding out the etiology of uveitis
Etiotropic treatment
Desensitizing therapy
Applications of analgesics
#BENEFICIENT EFFECTS OF MIDRATICS IN IRIDOCYCLITIS EXPLAINED
Creation of rest for the iris and ciliary body
Reducing hyperemia of the anterior segment of the vascular tract
Decreased exudation of inflamed tissue
Prevent the formation of synechiae, fusion and infection of the pupil
All of the above
#MIDRIATIKI IS MEDICATIONS
Pupil dilators
Constricting pupil
Reducing intraocular pressure
#THE STRONGEST MYDRIAL EFFECT WHEN INSTILLATION INTO THE EYE
POSSESSES
Sol. Atropini sulfatis 1%
Sol. Homatropini hydrobromidi 1%
Sol. Mesatoni 1%
Sol. Platyphyllini hydrotartratis 1%
Sol. Ephedrini hydrochloridi 2-3%
#DILARATION OF THE PUPILE DURING THE INSTILLATION OF ATROPINE IS DUE TO
Paralysis of the sphincter of the pupil
Pupil dilator excitations
Cholinesterase enzyme inactivation
#THIS DRUGS DIFFERENT PUPILS, EXCEPT
Sol. Adrenalini hydrochloridi 0.1%
Sol. Atropini sulfatis 1%
Sol. Dicaini 0.25%
Sol. Scopolamini hydrobromidi 0.25%
Sol. Mesatoni 1%
#THE DRUGS ARE USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF IRIDOCYCLITIS, EXCEPT
Pilocarpine
Corticosteroids
Antibiotics
Sulfonamides
#CORTICOSTEROIDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF UVEITIS ARE USED IN THE FORM
Instillations into the conjunctival sac
Injections under the conjunctiva
Retro- and parabulbar injections
Introductions to the suprachoroidal space
Ingestion
intravenous injection
All of the above
#ACTION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE TREATMENT OF UVEITIS IS
Non-specific anti-inflammatory and desensitizing
Desensitizing and antimicrobial
Antimicrobial and trophic
#THE PATIENT HAS IRIDOCYCLIT AND INCREASED INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE (32 MM Hg).
WHICH OF THE LISTED DRUGS WILL YOU PRESCRIBE, EXCEPT
Mydriatics in eye drops
Miotics in eye drops
Diakarb inside
Glycerol inside
#FROM THE LISTED METHODS ARE USED FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF TUMORS
VASCULAR TRACT
biomicroscopy
Direct ophthalmoscopy
Reverse ophthalmoscopy
Binocular ophthalmoscopy
Gonioscopy, diaphanoscopy and fluorescein angiography
Diaphanoscopy and fluorescein angiography
Echoscopy and echometry
Fluorescein angiography
Radioisotope diagnostics
All of the above
#The MAIN FUNCTION OF THE FRONT AND REAR BORDER PLATES IS
Ensuring the sphericity of the cornea, supporting membrane for the epithelium
Supporting membrane for epithelium, physicochemical and toxicochemical
eye protection
Physical and chemical protection of the eye, ensuring the sphericity of the cornea
#THE OWN SUBSTANCE (STROMA) OF THE CORNEA PROVIDES
Absorption of ultraviolet and infrared rays
Corneal transparency
Metabolism between intraocular and lacrimal fluids
#MAIN FUNCTION OF THE BACK EPITHELIUM IS
Providing metabolic processes between the cornea and intraocular
liquid
liquid, protecting the eye from radiation damage
Providing metabolic processes between the cornea and intraocular
liquid, participation in the development of moisture in the anterior chamber
#MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE CORNEAL ARE
Protective, supporting, light-conducting
Light-conducting, light-refracting, protective
Supporting, light-refracting: moisture-producing
#THE REFRACTIVE POWER OF THE CORNEAL IS
18.0-20.0 diopters
1.5-2.0 diopters
60.0-62.0 diopters
40.0-42.0 diopters
28.0-30.0 diopters
#CORNEA DIAMETER NORMAL
Vertical - 10 mm, horizontal - 11 mm
Vertical - 14 mm, horizontal - 15 mm
Vertical - 19 mm, horizontal - 20 mm
#CORNEA NUTRITION SOURCES
Posterior long ciliary arteries, nasociliary artery, tear
Tear, capillary network of the limbus zone, intraocular fluid
intraocular fluid, anterior ciliary arteries, episcleral
#PROPERTIES OF NORMAL CORNEA
Shiny, cone-shaped, sensitive, has a certain size
Transparent, ellipsoid, has a certain shape
Transparent, shiny, highly sensitive, spherical,
has a certain size
#IN PINGVECULE IS CARRIED OUT... TREATMENT
Anti-inflammatory
Surgical
laser
No treatment required
All of the above
#IN PROGRESSIVE PTERIGIUM IS CARRIED OUT
Surgical removal
Anti-inflammatory therapy
No treatment required
#DRUGS EXCEPT FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
Susp. Hydrocortisone 0.5 - 1%
Ung. Hydrocortisoni ophthalmici 0.5%
Sol. Dexamethasoni 0.1%
1% prednisolone solution (eye drops)
Antihistamines by mouth
Sol. Atropini sulfatis 1%
#DRUGS EXCEPT FOR THE TREATMENT OF ADENOVIRUS CONJUNCTIVITIS
Ung.Bonaphthoni 0.05%
Ung. Florenali 0.25%-0.5%
Ung.Tebropheni 0.25-0.5%
Ung.Zoviraxi 3%
Sol. Atropini sulfatis 1%
Sol. Interferoni leicocytaris
Poludan solutions in eye drops
Pyrogenal eye drops
#CHILD 11 YEARS OLD COMPLAINTS OF PAIN IN THE THROAT, INCREASED
BODY TEMPERATURES, SCITCHING IN BOTH EYES AND GLUE OF EYELIDS IN THE MORNING.
SICK DAY 1. OBJECTIVELY: BODY TEMPERATURE 37.8 (.
AND THE THROATS ARE DRAFTLY HYPEREMIC, THE CONJUNCTIVE OF THE EYELID IS HYPEREMIC,
LOOSENED. THE FOLLICLES IN THE CONJUNCTIVE OF THE EYELIDS ARE GREATLY ENLARGED AS IN
THE QUANTITY AND THE VALUE. YOUR DIAGNOSIS
Adenovirus conjunctivitis
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis
Diphtheria of the conjunctiva
#A 23 YEARS OLD PATIENT APPLIED WITH COMPLAINTS OF PAIN AND SENSATION OF A FOREIGN
BODIES IN BOTH EYES, GLUING EYELIDS IN THE MORNING. SICK FOR 2 DAYS. FIRST
THE RIGHT EYE WAS SICK, AND THEN THE LEFT. OBJECTIVELY: ON THE EYELASHES DRY-
SHIE CRUSTS. THE CONJUNCTIVA OF THE EYELID IS HYPEREMIC, VELVET, FIGURE
THE MEIBOMIAN GLANDS OF THE CARTILAGE ARE NOT VISIBLE. MODERATE
CONJUNCTIVE SCLERA INJECTION. DIAGNOSIS
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis
Adenovirus conjunctivitis
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Pneumococcal conjunctivitis
Diplobacilar blepharoconjunctivitis
#THE CHILD'S EYELIDS HAVE SHARPLY SWELLED ON THE 2nd DAY AFTER BIRTH. OBJECTIVELY:
EYE SITTS CLOSED. THE EYELIDS ARE SHARPLY EDED, DENSE TO THE TOUCH. AT
AN ATTEMPT TO DISSOLVE THE EYELIDS FROM THE EYE SCREW A LIQUID OF COLOR IS EXHAUSTED
MEAT Slop. WHAT DISEASE SHOULD YOU THINK FIRST OF ALL
Eyelid abscess
Gonoblenorrhea of the conjunctiva
Acute conjunctival chlamydia
Acute bacterial conjunctivitis of unknown etiology
#A CHILD 5 YEARS OLD COMPLAINTS OF INCREASED TEMPERATURE, PAIN IN THE THROAT;
REDENESS AND DISCHARGE FROM RIGHT EYE. BODY TEMPERATURE 37.8.
THE CHILD IS SLIGHTLY, ADYNAMIC. Zev is hyperemic, tonsils are edematous, covered
DIRTY GRAY FILMS. OD: THE EYELIDS ARE STOMED. CONJUNCTIVE EYELID
HYPEREMIC, LOOSENED AND VELVET. IT HAS GRAY FILMS ON IT,
REMOVED WITH DIFFICULTY WITH SUBSEQUENT BLEEDING. EYE DIAGNOSIS
Diphtheria of the conjunctiva
Acute epidemic Koch-Wicks conjunctivitis
Pneumococcal conjunctivitis
Adenopharyngoconjunctival fever
#DURING HISTOLOGICAL EXAMINATION IN THE CORNEA, THERE IS
Anterior and posterior epithelium, own substance (stroma)
Anterior and posterior epithelium, anterior and posterior border plates,
Anterior and posterior pigment epithelium, anterior and posterior border
plates, stroma
#THE MAIN PROPERTIES OF THE ANTERIOR CORNEA EPITHELIUM IS
Participation in the production of tear fluid
High regenerative capacity
Mechanical protection of underlying tissues
#VISUAL ACUITY IS
The ability of the eye to clearly distinguish colors and shades
The ability of the eye to clearly distinguish objects in the center and on the periphery
The ability of the eye to perceive separate points located at each other
from each other at a minimum distance
Space simultaneously perceived by a fixed eye
#NORMAL MINIMUM ANGLE OF VIEW IS EQUAL
1 second
1 degree
5 seconds
5 minutes
5 degrees
#VISUAL ACUITY IS MEASURED
Relative units
Diopters
centimeter
millimeters
degrees
#WHEN INCREASING VISUS "A ANGLE OF VIEW
Decreases
is increasing
No interdependence
#INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN VISUAL ANGLE AND VISUAL ACUITY
Reverse
There is no dependency between them.
#THE HIGHEST VISUAL ACUITY PROVIDES
Central foveal region of the macula
yellow spot all over
Optic disc area
Visus is uniform in all parts of the retina
#OPTOTYPE IT
Letter, number, or other character used to identify Visus "a
type of visual ability
Structural feature of the optical system of the eye
The value characterizing the refractive power of the optical system
#SNELLEN'S FORMULA THIS
#THE SUBJECT COUNTS FINGERS FROM A DISTANCE OF 2.5 M. HIS VISUAL ACUITY?
#STUDY READS THE FIRST LINE OF THE TABLE WITH 3 M. HIS VISUAL ACUITY?
#STUDY COUNTS FINGERS FROM A DISTANCE OF 50 CM. HIS VISUAL ACUITY?
# INVESTIGATED FROM 1 METER READS THE LETTERS OF THE 10 ROW (D=5 m) OF THE SIVTSEV TABLE.
HIS VISUAL ACUITY IS EQUAL
#INVESTIGATED FROM 5 METERS READS THE FIRST LINE OF SIVTSEV'S TABLE.
HIS VISUAL ACUITY IS EQUAL
# INVESTIGATED FROM 5 METERS READS THE LINE OF SIVTSEV'S TABLE, WHERE D=25 m.
HIS VISUAL ACUITY IS EQUAL
#STUDY OF VISUAL ACUITY ACCORDING TO TABLES IS CARRIED OUT WITH
#DURING THE STUDY OF VISUAL ACUITY, DEMONSTRATE EACH SIGN OF THE TABLE
SHOULD BEFORE. . . SECONDS
#IN THE SPECTRUM OF WHITE COLOR DIFFERENCE. . . . FLOWERS
#THE VISUAL ANALYZER HAS..... COLOR-SENSING COMPONENTS
#ACCORDING TO HELMHOLTZ'S COLOR SENSATION THEORY, THERE ARE THREE IN THE RETINA
COLOR SENSING RECEPTORS
Red, green, blue
Orange, green, blue
Yellow, red, green
Green, yellow, red
Blue, orange, green
Purple, orange, green
#DOES MONOCHROME PHOTORECEPTORS BE EXCITED BY RAYS OF ANOTHER
WAVE LENGTHS
Yes, but to a lesser extent
#RECEPTORS THAT RECEIVE COLOR ARE
cones
ganglion cells
bipolar cells
pigment epithelial cells
#CORRECT COLOR SENSATION IS CALLED
Normal trichromasia
Anomalous trichromasia
dichromasia
monochromatic
#COLOR SENSATION DISORDERS IS
Anomalous trichromasia
dichromasia
monochromatic
Protanomaly
Deuteranomaly
Deuteranopia
Protanopia
Tritanopia
Tritanomaly
All of the above
#PROTANOPIA THIS
Complete loss of red color perception
#DEUTHERANOPIA THIS
Abnormal perception of red
Abnormal perception of green
Abnormal perception of blue
Complete loss of green color perception
Complete loss of blue color perception
#TRITANOPIA THIS
Abnormal perception of red
Abnormal perception of green
Abnormal perception of blue
Complete loss of red color perception
Complete loss of green color perception
Complete loss of blue color perception
#CONGENITAL DISORDERS OF COLOR SENSATION ARE
Abnormal trichromasia, color anomalies, dichromasia
Erythropsia, xanthopsia, chloropsia, cyanopsia
#ACQUIRED COLOR DISORDERS ARE
Anomalous trichromasia, color anomalies, dichromasia
Color anomalies, dichromasia, erythropsia
Dichromasia, anomalous trichromasia, cyanopsia
Erythropsia, xanthopsia, chloropsia, cyanopsia
#FOR THE PATIENT AFTER CATARACT EXTRACTION, ALL OBJECTS IN THE OPERATING
TO THE EYE APPEAR BLUE. YOUR DIAGNOSIS:
Protanopia
Deuteranopia
Tritanopia
Erythropsia
xanthopsia
Chloropsia
cyanopsia
#AFTER POISONING, THE PATIENT STARTED TO SEE EVERYTHING IN YELLOW. YOUR DIAGNOSIS:
xanthopsia
Erythropsia
Chloropsia
cyanopsia
#FIELD OF VISION IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE
Provides orientation in space
Gives a description of the functional ability of vision. analyzer
Frustration is an early symptom of many diseases
Contributes to the topical diagnosis of brain lesions
All of the above
#BLINDSPOT THIS
Projection in the field of view of the optic nerve head
Projection in the visual field of the macula
Limited scotoma in any part of the visual field
Visual field defects from retinal vessels
#FIXATION POINT POSITIONED
In the yellow spot
In the central fovea of the macula
On the optic disc
#THE VISUAL FIELD STUDY METHOD IS
Visometry
Anomaloscopy
Gonioscopy
Perimetry
biomicroscopy
Ophthalmoscopy
Biometrics
#SPECIFY TWO PHYSIOLOGICAL FIELD DEFECTS
Blind spot and angioscotomas
Angioscotomas and scotomas on the periphery of the visual field
Peripheral scotomas and negative scotomas
Negative scotomas and concentric narrowing of the field
vision up to 20 degrees
Concentric narrowing of the field of view up to 20 degrees
#SCOTOMA WHICH THE PATIENT HIMSELF FEELING IS CALLED
Negative
Positive
Absolute
Relative
#DEVICES FOR INVESTIGATION OF THE FIELD OF VISION ARE
Perimeters, campimeters
Campimeters, gonioscopes
Perimeters, anomaloscopes
Campimeters, ophthalmoscopes
Gonioscopes, adaptometers
#BLINDSPOT IS PHYSIOLOGICAL. . . . SCOTOMA
Absolute negative
Absolute positive
Relative negative
Relative positive
#SCOTOMA THIS
twilight vision disorder
Narrowing of the field of view
Focal visual field defect
#HEMIANOPSIA IS
Bilateral loss of halves of the field of view
Loss of half of the visual field in one eye
Lack of field of vision in one of the eyes
Pronounced bilateral narrowing of the visual field
#HEMIANOPSIA HAPPEN
Homonymous
Heteronymous
Quadrant
Bitemporal
Binasal
All of the above
#DURING BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPSIA IS AFFECTED
optic nerve
External parts of the chiasm
Internal divisions of the chiasm
The optic tract near the chiasm
The optic tract in the subcortical region
In the region of the spur
#IN DAMAGE TO THE CENTRAL CHIASMA DEPARTMENTS IS DEFINED
Bitemporal hemianopia
Binasal hemianopia
Right-sided hemianopia
Left-sided hemianopia
#WHEN THE RIGHT VISUAL TRACT IS DAMAGED IT IS DEFINED
Left-sided hemianopia
Right-sided hemianopia
Bitemporal hemianopia
Binasal hemianopia
Complete loss of visual field on the right
Complete loss of visual field on the left
#ADAPTATION TO LIGHT IS LASTING. . . MINUTES
#FULL DARK ADAPTATION IS LASTING. . . MINUTES
#DAW VISION DISORDER IS CALLED
hemeralopia
Protanopia
Deuteranopia
Tritanopia
scotoma
Asthenopia
# ARE STICKS ABLE TO DIFFERENTIATE COLORS
#THE HIGHEST LIGHT SENSITIVITY HAVE
cones
bipolar cells
ganglion cells
pigment epithelial cells
#PHOTORECEPTORS ARE
Cones, sticks
cones, ganglion cells
Cones, pigment epithelial cells
Rods, ganglion cells
Rods, pigment epithelial cells
#DAY VISION IS IMPLEMENTED
cones
chopsticks
#DUSK VISION IS IMPLEMENTED
cones
chopsticks
retinal ganglion cells
Pigment epithelial cells
Bipolar retinal cells
#SYMPTOMATIC HEMERALOPIA IS
Twilight vision disorder as a symptom of beriberi A
Twilight vision disorder as a symptom of cone damage
Congenital hemeralopia without changes in the fundus
Disorder of twilight vision, as a manifestation of an eye disease
#FUNCTIONAL HEMERALOPIA DEVELOPES WITH
Organic lesions of the periphery of the retina and optic nerve
Congenital pathology of the retina without changes in the fundus
Blunt eye injury
Avitaminose "A"
Avitaminose "B"
Avitaminose "C"
#CHARACTERISTIC FOR SYMPTOMATIC HEMERALOPIA
Other visual functions are not changed, the fundus is normal
Narrowing of the visual field, the presence of changes in the fundus
#FOR FUNCTIONAL HEMERALOPIA IS CHARACTERISTIC
Other visual functions are not changed, the fundus is normal
The fundus of the eye is normal, narrowing of the field of view
Narrowing of the visual field, the presence of changes in the fundus
The presence of changes in the fundus, other visual functions are normal
#PHYSICAL REFRACTION OF THE EYE IS DEFINED
Refractive power of the lens
The refractive power of all optical media of the eye
The position of the main focus in relation to the retina
refractive power of the cornea
#CLINICAL REFRACTION OF THE EYE IS DEFINED
Refractive power of the lens
The refractive power of all optical media of the eye
The refractive power of all optical media of the eye and the position of the main
focus in relation to the retina
The position of the main focus in relation to the retina
refractive power of the cornea
#REFRACTIVE POWER OF THE CORNEAL IS EQUAL. . . . DIOPTER
#REFRACTIVE POWER OF THE LENS IS EQUAL
#THE REFRACTIVE POWER OF THE EYE IS EQUAL
#AT PEACE OF ACCOMMODATION MIOP SEES WELL
Far and near
Neither far nor near
#AT PEACE OF ACCOMMODATION HYPERMETROP SEES WELL
Far and near
Neither far nor near
#AT PEACE OF ACCOMMODATION EMMETROP SEES WELL
Far and near
Neither far nor near
#DURING EMMETROPIA, IMAGE OF OBJECTS WHEN ACCOMMODATION IS REST
LOCATED
On the retina
Behind the retina
In front of the retina
#MYOPIC DISEASE IS MYOPIA
Weak degree
Intermediate degree
high degree
progressive
Any degree with dystrophic changes in the inner membranes of the eye
#MYOPIA IS CHARACTERIZED
Excessive refractive power or an increase in the anteroposterior axis of the eye
#EMMETROPIA IS CHARACTERIZED
Insufficient refractive power or a decrease in the anteroposterior axis
Proportionality between the refractive power and the length of the anteroposterior axis
A combination of different types of refraction
#HYPERMETROPIA IS CHARACTERIZED
Excessive refractive power or an increase in the anteroposterior axis of the eye
Insufficient refractive power or a decrease in the anteroposterior axis
Proportionality between the refractive power and the length of the anteroposterior axis
A combination of different types of refraction
#MYOPIA IS CORRECTED BY THE MOST. . . . . GLASS,
Strong positive
Weak negative
Strong negative
Weak positive
No correction required
#HYPERMETROPIA IS CORRECTED BY THE MOST. . . . . GLASS,
GIVING THE HIGHEST VISUAL ACUITY
Strong positive
Weak negative
Strong negative
Weak positive
No correction required
#EMMETROPIA IS CORRECTED. . . . . GLASS,
GIVING THE HIGHEST VISUAL ACUITY
The biggest positive
The smallest negative
The biggest negative
The smallest positive
No correction required
#LIST THE ELEMENTS THAT COMPOSE THE OPTICAL SYSTEM OF THE EYE
cornea
Anterior chamber moisture
lens
vitreous body
All of the above
#WHEN THE FOCAL LENGTH OF THE LENSES REDUCED E "OPTICAL POWER
Doesn't change
is increasing
Decreases
#WHEN THE FOCAL LENGTH OF THE LENS INCREASE E "OPTICAL POWER
Doesn't change
is increasing
Decreases
#OPTICAL POWER OF LENSES IS MEASURED IN
centimeters
millimeters
Diopters
#DIOPTER THIS
Unit of measurement of optical power.
Visual acuity unit
#DIOPTER THIS
The value is equal to the focal length.
The reciprocal of the focal length.
#FOCAL DISTANCE OF A LENS WITH A FORCE OF 1 DIOPTER IS EQUAL TO
#REFRACTIVE POWER OF A LENS WITH A FOCAL DISTANCE OF 1 METER IS EQUAL
#PHYSICAL REFRACTION OF THE EYE IS MEASURED IN
Diopters
Relative units
#CLINICAL REFRACTION OF THE EYE IS MEASURED IN
Diopters
Relative values
#IN DAILY ACTIVITIES THE OPHTHALMOLOGIST DEFINES. . . . REFRACTION
Clinical
Physical
#MAIN FOCUS IS COINCIDENT WITH THE RETINA IN
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia
Ametropia
#MAIN FOCUS DOES NOT MATCH WITH THE RETINA IN
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia
Ametropia
#MAIN FOCUS IS LOCATED IN FRONT OF THE RETINA
Hypermetropia
Emmetropia
#THE FOCUS IS BEHIND THE RETINA
Emmetropia
Hypermetropia
Astigmatism
presbyopia
#FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VISION IS
Point farthest from the eye visible at rest of accommodation
Point farthest from the eye, visible under tension
accommodation
#FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VIEW CHARACTERIZES..... REFRACTION
Physical
Clinical
#FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VISION IN EMMETROPIA IS LOCATED
Into infinity
Behind the eye
#FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VISION IN MYOPIA IS LOCATED
Into infinity
Behind the eye
At a finite distance before the eye
#FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VISION IN HYPERMETROPIA IS LOCATED
Into infinity
At a finite distance before the eye
Behind the eye
#ASTIGMATISM IS
The combination of different degrees of refraction or its different types in both
The combination of different degrees of refraction or its different types in one eye
Different size of the image of objects on the retina
High degree of ametropia
#NOTE TYPES OF ASTIGMATISM:
Right
Wrong
Back
Mixed
All of the above
#MAIN MERIDIANS OF THE ASTIGMATIC EYE IS
Planes where there is the greatest difference in refractive power
Planes with the smallest difference in refractive power
Sections drawn in vertical and horizontal meridians
# TO THE PATIENT
DO NOT CHANGE IT. HIS REFRACTION -
emmetropia
Hypermetropia
Astigmatism
# TO THE PATIENT, CONVERSION LENSES IMPROVE VISION. HIS REFRACTION -
emmetropia
Hypermetropia
Astigmatism
#PATIENT SEE EQUALLY WELL WITH GLASSES (+)1.0 D, (+)1.5 D AND
(+) 2.0 D. ITS REFRACTION -
emmetropia
Hypermetropia
#PATIENT SEE EQUALLY WELL WITH GLASSES (+)1.0 D, (+)1.5 D AND
(+)2.0 D. HIS HYPERMETROPIA IS EQUAL
1.0 diopters
1.5 diopters
2.0 diopters
#PATIENT SEE EQUALLY WELL WITH GLASSES (-)1.0 D, (-)1.5 D AND
(-) 2.0 D. ITS REFRACTION -
emmetropia
Hypermetropia
#PATIENT SEE EQUALLY WELL WITH GLASSES(-)1.0 D; (-)1.5 D
(-)2.0 D. HIS MYOPIA IS EQUAL
1.0 diopters
1.5 diopters
2.0 diopters
#WHEN DETERMINING REFRACTION, SEVERAL CONVERSION LENSES GIVE
THE SAME VISUAL ACUITY, THEN THE DEGREE OF REFRACTION DETERMINES .... LENS
The strongest
Weakest
#MULTIPLE DIVERSING LENSES IN THE STUDY GIVE THE SAME ACUTE
VISION. THE DEGREE OF REFRACTION DETERMINES. . . . LENS
Weakest
The strongest
#HYPERMETROPIA IS DETERMINED BY THE STRONGEST CONVERSING LENS BECAUSE
Collective lenses increase the image on the fundus
Small degrees of hypermetropia self-correct by accommodation
#MYOPIA IS DETERMINED BY THE WEAKEST MINUS LENS BECAUSE
Hypercorrection of eye myopia eliminates with the help of accommodation
Divergent lenses reduce the image in the fundus
in proportion to strength
#WHEN THE FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VIEW IS 1 meter FROM THE EYE,
emmetropia
Hypermetropia 1.0 diopter
Myopia 1.0 diopter
#BY THE TERM CYCLOPLEGIA I MEAN
Paralysis of the oculomotor muscles
Paralysis of accommodation
Drug-induced mydriasis
Relaxation of accommodation
#CYCLOPLEGIA IS ACHIEVED BY INSTALLATION
Adrenaline, clonidine, timolol
Pilocarpine, timolol, clonidine
Atropine, homatropine, scopolamine
#DURING ACCOMMODATION VOLTAGE REFRACTION OF THE EYE
intensifies
Does not change
Is weakening
#PUPILE UNDER ACCOMMODATION VOLTAGE
Does not change
narrows
Expanding
Narrows in some cases, widens in others
#ACTIVE COMPONENT OF ACCOMMODATION IS
Contraction of the ciliary muscle
The elastic properties of the lens
Change in the refractive index of the lens
Tension of the internal rectus muscles
#DURING THE REDUCTION OF THE CILIARY MUSCLE, THE TENSION OF THE FIBERS OF THE ZINN LINK
Does not change
Is weakening
intensifies
#CRYSTAL AT ACCOMMODATION VOLTAGE
Does not change
flattened
Becomes more convex
Shifts downward, moves away from the cornea
#PRESBYOPIA IS ASSOCIATED WITH
Age-related decrease in the elasticity of the lens and weakening
ciliary muscle
Age-related weakening of the ciliary muscle and a decrease in the index
lens refraction
Age-related decrease in the refractive index of the lens and
a decrease in the discriminative ability of the retina
Age-related weakening of the distinctive ability of the retina and
decreased elasticity of the lens
#PRESBYOPIA USUALLY BEGINS IN. . . YEARS
#PRESBYOPIA HAPPENS EARLIER WITH
Hypermetropia
Emmetropia
Irrelevant
#IN PRESBYOPIA REFRACTION OF THE EYE
Does not change
Is weakening
intensifies
#FURTHER POINT OF CLEAR VIEW IN PRESBYOPIA
Does not change
Approaching the eye
Moves away from the eye
#CLEAR POINT OF CLEAR VISION IN PRESBYOPIA
Does not change
Approaching the eye
Moves away from the eye
#PARESIS (PARALYSIS) OF ACCOMMODATION OCCURRED IN THE DAMAGE
Sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the ciliary body
Parasympathetic part of the oculomotor nerve
trochlear nerve
abducens nerve
#CLOSEST POINT OF CLEAR VIEW IN PARASE OR PARESIS OF ACCOMMODATION
Moving away from the eye
Approaching the eye
Does not change
#CLINICAL REFRACTION OF THE EYE WITH SPASM OF ACCOMMODATION
intensifies
Does not change
Is weakening
#THE REDUCTION OF THE DEGREE OF HYPERMETROPIA HAPPENS WITH
presbyopia
Spasm of accommodation
#FALSE EMMETROPIA DEVELOPES WITH
presbyopia
Paralysis or paresis of accommodation
Spasm of accommodation
#FALSE MYOPIA DEVELOPES WITH
presbyopia
Paralysis or paresis of accommodation
Spasm of accommodation
#THE CAUSE OF ACCOMMODATIVE ASTHENOPIA IS
Uncorrected hypermetropia
Uncorrected astigmatism
General weakening of the body
Chronic intoxications
All of the above
None of the above
#ACCOMMODATIVE ASTHENOPIA TO APPEAR
Spasm of accommodation
Paresis of accommodation
The transition of latent hypermetropia to explicit
The appearance of false myopia
The appearance of false emmetropia
All of the above
None of the above
#FALSE MYOPIA OR EMMETROPIA CAN BE DIFFERENT FROM THE TRUE
With the help of drug cycloplegia
Selection of corrective lenses
Under dynamic observation
#DURING SPASM OF ACCOMMODATION CYCLOPLEGIA.... CLINICAL REFRACTION
Doesn't change
Weakens
Strengthens
#IN FALSE EMMETROPIA CYCLOPLEGIA.... CLINICAL REFRACTION
Doesn't change
Weakens
Strengthens
#IN FALSE MYOPIA CYCLOPLEGIA.... CLINICAL REFRACTION
Doesn't change
Weakens
Strengthens
#IN ACCOMMODATIVE ASTHENOPIA, IT IS NECESSARY TO CARRY OUT THE CORRECTION OF ANOMALIES
REFRACTIONS
After cycloplegia and appoint glasses for permanent wear
After cycloplegia and assign glasses for distance
Without cycloplegia and appoint glasses for permanent wear
Without cycloplegia and assign glasses for distance
#REFER TO AMETROPIA
emmetropia and myopia
Myopia and hypermetropia
hypermetropia and emmetropia
#AMETROPIA OF A WEAK DEGREE HAS THE FOLLOWING REFRACTION VALUES: TO
2.75 D inclusive
3.0 D inclusive
#METROPIA OF THE MIDDLE DEGREE HAS THE FOLLOWING REFRACTION VALUES: FROM
2.75 to 5.75D
3.25 to 6.0D
3.5 to 6.25 D
#HIGH DEGREE AMETROPIA HAS THE FOLLOWING REFRACTION VALUES: OVER
#HYPERMETROP OF A WEAK DEGREE AT A YOUNG AGE COMPLAINTS ABOUT
Reduced distance vision
Decreased near vision
Difficulty in reading
Rapid eye fatigue
No complaints
#HYPERMETROP OF A WEAK DEGREE AFTER 40 YEARS COMPLAINTS ABOUT
Reduced distance vision
Decreased near vision
Reading difficulties
Eye fatigue when working at close range
All of the above
None of the above
#EXPLICIT HYPERMETROPIA IS
The degree of hypermetropia, revealed without relaxation of accommodation
Part of hypermetropia detected after medical treatment
relaxation of accommodation
The sum of the degrees of hypermetropia detected before and after drug treatment
paralysis of accommodation
#COMPLETE HYPERMETROPIA IS
The degree of hypermetropia, revealed without relaxation of accommodation
The degree of hypermetropia determined after drug paralysis
accommodation
#COMPLETE HYPERMETROPIA IS DETECTED
In old age
After drug-induced cycloplegia
With aphakia
With all of the above
#DURING CHILDHOOD WITH HYPERMETROPIA IN THE MIDDLE OR HIGH DEGREE
MAY DEVELOP
binocular vision disorder
Formation of monocular vision
Concomitant strabismus
Amblyopia
Accommodative asthenopia
Chronic conjunctivitis
All of the above
None of the above
# YOUNG WEAK HYPERMETROP SHOULD BE ASSIGNED
Full correction for permanent wear
Full correction for near
Full correction for distance
Glasses 1.0 diopter less than the degree of hypermetropia
#INDICATION FOR PURPOSE OF GLASSES IN HYPERMETROPIA
ANY DEGREE ARE
Asthenopic complaints
Decreased visual acuity in both eyes
Decreased visual acuity even in one eye
Children under 4 years of age with hyperopia more than 3.0 diopters, regardless of
All of the above
None of the above
#CHILDREN AGED 2-4 YEARS, EVEN WITH HIGH VISUAL ACUITY, IF THEY HAVE
HYPERMETROPIA MORE THAN 3.0 DIOPTERS IS REVEALED, GLASSES ARE ASSIGNED FOR
Constant wear; glass 1.0 diopter less degree
hyperopia,
Constant wear; glass equal to the degree of hypermetropia,
determined after cycloplegia
near vision; glass equal to the degree of hypermetropia,
determined after cycloplegia
near vision; glass is 1.0 diopter less than the degree of hypermetropia,
determined after cycloplegia
Not assigned
#CHILDREN WITH INTERMEDIATE HYPERMETROPIA EVEN WITH HIGH ACUTE
OF VISION A PERMANENT CORRECTION IS ASSIGNED FOR
Prevention of amblyopia and binocular vision disorders
Accommodation training and prevention of amblyopia
Normal development of the ciliary body and regulation of ophthalmotonus
Regulation of ophthalmotonus and prevention of amblyopia
#CAUSES OF MYOPIA ARE
Heredity
Primary weakness of accommodation
visual overload
Imbalance of convergence and accommodation
Increased extensibility of the sclera
All of the above
None of the above
#IN NON-PROGRESSIVE MYOPIA
Decreased distance vision
Good lens correction
Requires only eyeglasses or contact lenses
Medical treatment is not indicated
Everything is right
#IN PROGRESSIVE MYOPIA CAN BE OBSERVED
Exotropia
Muscular asthenopia
Degeneration of the vascular and retinal membranes
Posterior staphyloma
Hemorrhages in the retina and vitreous body
Opacification of the vitreous body
Complicated cataract
Retinal disinsertion
All of the above
None of the above
#MYOPIA HYPERCORRECTION IN CHILDREN AND YOUTH CAN BE AVOIDED
ASSIGNING CORRECTION
After drug-induced cycloplegia
1-2 D weaker
Based on objective methods for determining refraction
According to repeated studies
#IN MYOPIA OF MIDDLE AND HIGH DEGREES, THE FOLLOWING CORRECTION IS ASSIGNED
1-3 diopters weaker than the degree of myopia, which gives a fairly high
distance vision
Two pairs of glasses | for distance full correction, and for near
1-3 diopters weaker
Bifocal glasses (for distance full correction, for near
1-3 diopters weaker)
All of the above
gentle mode
Heavy lifting is contraindicated
Jumping prohibited
Limitations for visual overload
All of the above
#CHOOSE AN OPERATION THAT HELPING STOPPING PROGRESSION
Radial keratotomy
Keratomileusis
Strengthening the posterior segment of the sclera
Epikeratophakia
Implantation of a negative intraocular lens
In childhood
At 18 - 35 years old
Over 35 years old
Age does not matter
#ANISOMETROPIA IS
Different degrees of refraction in both eyes
Different size of the image of objects in the fundus of both eyes
#WHAT IS ANISEIKONIA
Different degrees of refraction in both eyes
Different size of the image of objects in the fundus of both eyes
Not the same refraction in different meridians of the same eye
Change in refraction along one of the meridians of the eye
#PERMISSIBLE LIMIT OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE POWER OF LENSES IN SPECTACULAR CORRECTION
ANISOMETROPY FOR THE RIGHT AND LEFT EYES IS
#WHEN ANISOMETROPICS ARE APPOINTED
contact correction
Iseicon glasses
Radial keratotomy
Glasses with a difference in the optical power of both eyes no more than 2.0 D
All of the above
emmetropia
Hypermetropia
#DURING LENS EXAMINATION: (+)2.0; (+)2.5; (+)3.0 DIOPTER
GIVE EQUALLY GOOD VISION. INDICATE THE DEGREE OF HYPERMETROPIA
GIVE EQUALLY GOOD VISION. INDICATE THE TYPE OF REFRACTION
emmetropia
Hypermetropia
#WHEN EXAMINING THE LENS: (-)1.0; (-)1.5 AND (-)2.0 DIOPTER
GIVE EQUALLY GOOD VISION. INDICATE THE DEGREE OF MYOPIA
#EMMETROP AT 50 YEARS OLD FOR WORK WE ASSIGN POINTS
Not needed
#EMMETROP AT 90 NEED GLASSES TO READ
#MIOP (-)2.0 DIOPTER AT 50 YEARS OF AGE NEED GLASSES FOR READING
Not needed
#CYCLOPLEGIC MEANS IS NOT
Sol.Atropini sulfatis 1%
Sol.Pilocarpini hydrochloridi 1%
Sol.Homatropini hydrobromidi 1%
Sol.Scopolamini hydrobromidi 0.25%
DISTANCES. VISUS OU = 0.6 WITH CORR.(+)2.0 D=1.0. YOUR DIAGNOSIS
Mild hypermetropia, accommodative asthenopia, presbyopia
Mild hypermetropia, muscular asthenopia, presbyopia
Moderate hypermetropia, accommodative asthenopia, presbyopia
Moderate hypermetropia, muscular asthenopia, presbyopia
#ACCOUNTANT 36 YEARS COMPLAINTS OF HEADACHES INCREASING TO THE END
WORKING DAY, VISION POSSIBILITY WHEN READING AND WORKING IN CLOSE
DISTANCES. VISUS OU = 0.6 WITH CORR.(+)2.0 D=1.0. YOUR RECOMMENDATIONS
Glasses Sph (+) 2.0 D, for permanent wear.
Glasses Sph.(+)2.0 D, for work.
Sph glasses. (+)1.0 D, for work.
#OUTTERNAL (FIBROSIS) SHELL OF THE EYE IS CALLED
conjunctiva
epithelium
#MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE SCLERA ARE
Supporting, providing tone, protecting the inner shells
Ensuring the shape of the eye, supporting turgor, protecting internal
structures, the site of attachment of the oculomotor muscles
Place of attachment of the eye muscles and internal structures, providing
trophism of chorioretinal structures, protection of refractive media
#STRUCTURE OF THE SCLERA
Epithelium, stroma, subscleral (brown) plate
Conjunctiva, episclera, Tenon's capsule, stroma, pigment epithelium
Episclera, intrinsic substance, subscleral (brown) plate
#AVERAGE THICKNESS OF THE SCLERA IS
#THICKNESS OF THE SCLERA IS DETERMINED
At the equator of the eyeball
In the region of the posterior pole of the eye
Uniform throughout
#SCLERA TROPHY IS CARRIED OUT MOSTLY FROM VESSELS
Choroids
External muscles of the eye
episclera
#Scleritis and episcleritis are more common in
Traumatic injuries, radiation burns, transition of inflammation
from surrounding tissues (phlegmon of the orbit, conjunctivitis, keratitis)
Fungal infection, local hormonal imbalance
Systemic diseases, allergic manifestations, viral
lesions, chronic specific infections of the body
#SCLERITES AND EPISCLERITES DIFFER IN
Method of penetration of an infectious agent
The nature of the inflammatory process
Depth of defeat
#DURING EPISCLERITIS, THEY ARE MOSTLY INVOLVED IN THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS
Superficial layers of the sclera
Deep (inner) layers of the sclera
The entire thickness of the sclera
#DURING EPISCLERITIS, PATIENTS COMPLAIN ABOUT
Severe pain in the eye, lacrimation and photophobia, decreased
visual acuity
Redness of the eye, moderate soreness and photophobia
Redness of the eye, "burning" behind the eyelids, scanty mucopurulent
detachable
#OBJECTIVELY THE CLINIC OF EPISCLERITIS IS CHARACTERIZED
A clear inflammatory focus of cyanotic color with dense infiltration
conjunctiva around it with a sharp pain on palpation of the entire
eyeball
Bright red with a purple tint, a fairly localized focus,
slightly protruding above the surface of the sclera with painful palpation
this zone
Diffuse gray-yellow diffuse infiltrate behind the upper eyelid with
overhanging the limbus zone, scanty purulent discharge from
conjunctival cavity
#IN EPISCLERITIS VISUAL ACUITY
Virtually no pain
slowly getting worse
Sharply and significantly reduced
#PREDICTION OF VISUAL FUNCTIONS IN EPISCLERITIS
Favorable
Doubtful
Adverse
#SCLERITES, UNLIKE EPISCLERITES, DIFFER
More "diffuse" lesion of the sclera
Local lesions of the sclera
Deep scleral lesion
Diffuse lesion of the entire sclera
#PAINNESS WITH SCLERITIS
Absent
#IN SCLERITISE, THE INFILTRATIVE PROCESS EXTENDS TO
conjunctiva
choroid
Retina and optic nerve
# IN THE OUTCOME OF SCLERITA INFILTRATIVE FOCI
Dissolve without a trace
Scarring with thinning of the sclera of a dark color
Roughly scarring with thickening of the sclera of yellow color
Scarring with the formation of a "roll" of a bluish tint
#COMPLETE THERAPY OF SCLERITS INCLUDES
Antibacterial agents, vasodilators, immunostimulants,
tissue biostimulants
Antibiotics, immunomodulators, proliferation stimulants
Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antihistamines
#CONJUNCTIVA IS SEPARATED INTO.... PARTS
# ALLOCATE THE FOLLOWING DEPARTMENTS OF THE CONJUNCTIA
Eyelids, transitional folds and eyeball
Eyelid, eyeball and cornea
Eyelid, lunate fold and eyeball
Eyelid, lacrimal caruncle and eyeball
#FEATURES OF THE CONJUNCTIVE OF THE EYELID ARE
Tight fusion with cartilage plate
stratified columnar epithelium
In the epithelium, a large number of goblet (glandular) cells
Everything is right
#FEATURES OF THE CONJUNCTIVE OF TRANSITIONAL FOLDS ARE
Loose connection with underlying tissues
Some redundancy of the conjunctiva in the vaults
Few goblet cells
Subepithelial tissue rich in adenoid elements (follicles)
Contains a large number of accessory lacrimal glands
Everything is right
#FOR THE CONJUNCTIVE OF THE EYEBALL IS CHARACTERISTIC, EXCEPT
stratified squamous epithelium
Little adenoid tissue (only in the periphery)
Contains many lacrimal glands
#CONJUNCTIVA PERFORMS THE FOLLOWING PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
Protective
trophic
Moisturizing
barrier
All of the above
#FOR THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF THE CONJUNCTIA IS CHARACTERISTIC, EXCEPT
Increased lacrimation when specks and irritants enter
Increased blinking movements when a mote or irritating
Lubrication of the surface of the eyeball with the secretion of conjunctival
The density of the conjunctival tissue protects the eye from penetration
foreign bodies
#THE BASIS OF THE BARRIER FUNCTION OF THE CONJUNCTIA IS
The abundance of lymphoid elements in the submucosa of the adenoid tissue
The secret of the conjunctival glands
Profuse tear production
Density and resistance of conjunctival tissue to toxic
substances
#TROPHIC FUNCTION OF THE CONJUNCTIA PROVIDED
Tear and secretion of the conjunctival glands
Adenoid tissue of the submucosal layer
#IN THE LAST DECADES THE FREQUENCY OF DISEASES WITH VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
COMPARED WITH BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
increased
Decreased
Remained unchanged
# FOR ADENOVIRUS CONJUNCTIVITIS CHARACTERISTIC
Nonpurulent follicular conjunctivitis
The presence of petechial hemorrhages in the conjunctiva of the sclera
Severe swelling of the lower transitional fold
The presence of dense gray hard-to-remove films on the conjunctiva
The presence of delicate gray, easily removable films on the conjunctiva of the eyelids
The appearance of cracks and maceration in the corners of the eyelids
#ADENOVIRUS CONJUNCTIVITIS MANIFESTS IN THE FOLLOWING FORMS
catarrhal
Follicular
membranous
All of the above
#FOR THE CATARIAL FORM OF ADENOVIRUS CONJUNCTIVITIS IS CHARACTERISTIC, EXCEPT
The cornea is not involved in the process
The presence of gray dense films on the conjunctiva of the eyelids
#FOR THE FOLLICULAR FORM OF ADENOVIRUS CONJUNCTIVITIS IS CHARACTERISTIC,
Hyperemia of the conjunctiva of the eyelids and transitional folds
Detachable mucopurulent in a small amount
Discharge purulent, copious
Eruption of follicles on the conjunctiva of the cartilage and transitional folds of the eyelids
#FOR THE SHELLED FORM OF ADENOVIRUS CONJUNCTIVITIS IS CHARACTERISTIC, EXCEPT
Formation of delicate, easily removable films on the conjunctiva of the eyelids
Formation on the conjunctiva of the eyelids of rough, hard-to-remove films with
subsequent bleeding
Moderately pronounced hyperemia of the conjunctiva of the eyelids and transitional folds
Detachable mucopurulent in a small amount
#TRACHOMATOUS PROCESS IS USED TO BE DIVIDED INTO ..... STAGES
#THE CONSEQUENCES OF TRACHOMA ARE
Entropion century
Simblefarone
Parenchymal xerosis
All of the above
#TRICHIASIS THIS
Incorrect eyelash growth
#ENTROPION THIS
Incorrect eyelash growth
Inversion of the eyelids, in which the eyelashes grow towards the eye
Fusion of the conjunctiva of the eyelids and the eyeball
Drying of the conjunctiva and cornea
#SIMBLEFARON THIS
Incorrect eyelash growth
Inversion of the eyelids, in which the eyelashes grow towards the eye
Fusion of the conjunctiva of the eyelids and the eyeball
Drying of the conjunctiva and cornea
#PARENCHYMATOUS XEROSIS IS
Incorrect eyelash growth
Inversion of the eyelids, in which the eyelashes grow towards the eye
