Removal of atheroma as the only way of treatment. Atheroma after removal

Atheroma is a benign tumor that forms in the form of a cystic cavity at the site of a clogged sebaceous gland. The main etiological factor in the development of pathology is a mechanical injury to the skin. Treatment of this disease is exclusively surgical. Atheroma, operation which was carried out in compliance with all medical rules, is not prone to relapse and malignant degeneration.

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Atheroma: removal operation today

The classic operation to excise an atheroma neoplasm is carried out in two main options:

Surgical curettage of atheroma.

The operation begins with local infiltration anesthesia, which was first proposed by Vishnevsky. To do this, the surgeon forms a novocaine "cushion" from a 0.5% anesthetic solution. An anesthetic is injected through a thin needle into the site of the transition of a benign neoplasm to the skin. Thus, the doctor achieves injection exfoliation of the affected tissues from the epidermis. Care should be taken during anesthesia, as there is a high probability of damaging the integrity of the cystic cavity. The success of radical intervention largely depends on full anesthesia.

After anesthesia, the surgeon cuts the skin with a linear incision. The edges of the surgical field are raised and moved apart. In the future, the epidermis is separated from the affected tissues. Such manipulation is largely facilitated by the infiltration of this area with an anesthetic solution.

Removal of the atheroma itself is carried out after the complete isolation of the cyst using clamps. In this case, the surgeon tries to detach the benign neoplasm without damaging the integrity of its capsule.

After excision of pathological tissues, atheroma is transferred to the histological laboratory and the dissected skin is sutured. In most cases, the operation ends with the fixation of the drainage in the operated area, which is necessary to prevent the accumulation of pathological fluid.

Therapy of atheroma in the stage of suppuration.

The formation of pus in the cystic cavity requires a special approach to surgery. This is due to the fact that the accumulation of purulent masses is not always accompanied by the death of cells of the atheroma capsule. This process leads to the formation of a fistula, through which purulent fluid is periodically released. In this case, even after careful scraping of the cystic contents, a relapse of the disease is observed.

In order not to re-form, many practicing surgeons prefer to initially eliminate the purulent inflammation and remove the cystic cavity already in the "cold" period.

Surgical intervention begins with local anesthesia, which includes the introduction of an anesthetic along the perimeter of a benign neoplasm, retreating from the center of the tumor by 1 cm. After that, the surgeon pierces the capsule with a puncture needle and sucks out the maximum possible amount of purulent fluid. In some cases, to improve the outflow of pus, a mixture of an antibiotic and an anesthetic is introduced into the atheroma cavity. Sometimes a full-fledged collection of purulent masses requires several needle replacements. This manipulation is necessarily carried out from the side of unchanged skin.

After cleansing the atheroma cavity, a broad-spectrum antibiotic solution is pumped into it. Such therapy lasts an average of one week.

The relief of a purulent process is considered a direct indication for a traditional surgical operation.

Further radical intervention includes complete excision of the benign neoplasm along with the cystic capsule.

Innovative operations to remove atheroma

In modern surgical clinics, patients are offered the following methods:

laser excision, which consists in melting mutated cells with a laser beam. The main advantage of this technology is the positive cosmetic result of laser therapy.
Radio wave method. In this case, cystic tissues are excised using high-frequency radiological beams. This treatment also has a number of advantages in the form of the absence of scars and a satisfactory aesthetic effect of the operation.

The situation when, after the removal of atheroma, a bump remains, is one of the conditions that can cause a lot of problems to a person. Diagnosis of a tumor of any nature requires immediate medical intervention. It doesn't really matter if it's benign or not. In any case, it is not worth delaying the appeal for qualified help. Even with the most optimistic forecasts, there is always a risk that the neoplasm will be reborn, filled with cancer cells. Therefore, when a tumor is detected, doctors insist on its elimination. In most cases, such operations are successful, but sometimes some remind of themselves over time.

Atheroma and methods for its removal

Atheroma is one of the varieties of benign neoplasms that can occur almost throughout the human body. Most often, it is diagnosed in the places of hair growth, and the main reason for such localization is the fact that it develops from an ordinary sebaceous gland. It is these features of the skin that allow you to cleanse the body, remove waste products from it, and participate in its thermoregulation. In a normal state, a pimple forms at the site of the overlap of the excretory canal, which matures over time, cleansing the skin and restoring the functionality of the gland.

However, sometimes as a result of blockage of the sebaceous gland, a rather specific condition occurs, characterized by the accumulation of adipose tissue under the surface of the skin. It was it that received the name of atheroma, capable of delivering certain problems to a person. As a rule, they appear when the neoplasm becomes inflamed, bringing discomfort and even pain. At the same time, unlike an ordinary pimple, atheroma does not mature, but remains in its original inflamed state, which can affect neighboring tissues. Based on this, its removal in the initial stages is the key to successful treatment and maintaining the health of the patient.

The following methods have shown the greatest effectiveness in combating such manifestations:

cryodestruction;
electrocoagulation;
laser treatment;
surgical intervention.

All these methods can bring a positive result and eliminate atheroma. In most cases, the operation is successful, and the formation is completely neutralized, leaving no trace behind. However, sometimes situations arise when certain difficulties arise after its removal.

The operation to remove atheroma does not belong to the category of complex ones. Usually the duration of the procedure does not exceed 20-40 minutes. Only in particularly difficult cases, characterized by the development of the inflammatory process, its removal is delayed. With such a development of the event, a surgical method is used, which implies a long recovery period after the operation. One of the possible complications is the formation of a kind of seal, which is formed at the site of the former atheroma and is its secondary manifestation. There may be several reasons for this phenomenon, ranging from incomplete elimination of the primary manifestations of the disease to genetic deformations of the skin.

The postoperative bump has a fundamentally different structure and is a mobile seal that does not have specific pigmentation or has some cyanosis.

All other negative signs in secondary atheroma are completely absent, i.e., it absolutely does not cause any discomfort, and the risk of its degeneration into a malignant neoplasm is minimal. It is only a cosmetic defect, which can be completely ignored. However, if the bump remains on the face, it is still better to remove it again.

As a rule, such operations also pass quickly, and with high-quality performance, atheroma is completely eliminated and no longer appears again.

Conclusion

Atheroma is a certain type of benign neoplasm, consisting of adipose tissue and formed as a result of a violation of the functionality of the sebaceous gland. At the same time, the consequences of its formation can cause a lot of problems for a person. Based on this, the best solution is to remove the tumor at an early stage. Sometimes situations arise when, some time after the operation, the tumor returns again in the form of a kind of lump. In turn, it is practically not capable of causing problems to a person or transforming into a cancerous tumor, and its removal is necessary only to ensure a cosmetic effect.

Atheroma is a benign subcutaneous soft formation formed as a result of blockage of the duct of the sebaceous gland, i.e. delayed secretion of the sebaceous glands. Atheroma is also called a sebaceous gland cyst. Atheromas are benign neoplasms (not cancerous), but sometimes they become a chronic focus of infection, which leads to other complications.

Atheroma appears on a part of the body where there are many sebaceous glands. Typical localizations of the pathological process: face; parotid areas; scalp; breast; interscapular region on the back; armpits; the back of the neck, as well as the crotch area. The appearance of a characteristic formation under the skin in the designated areas, as a rule, indicates the formation of atheroma.

True (primary, congenital) develops in utero from calving cells of the epidermis or tissue), and false (secondary, acquired) develops due to blockage of the ducts of the sebaceous glands, which prevents the outflow of sebum.

Metabolic disorders, excessive sweating, hormonal imbalances, the use of unsuitable cosmetics, increased keratinization - peeling of the skin can provoke the appearance of skin atheromas.

Symptoms of atheroma

In atheroma, as in the predominant number of neoplasms of the sebaceous glands, there are no pronounced clinical signs. The only signal that indicates the appearance of atheroma is the detection of a structure-dense formation on the body.

Among the symptoms of atheroma are the following:

the appearance of a formation on the surface of the skin;
dense elastic structure of the neoplasm;
clear outlines of education;
the subcutaneous capsule is movable;
in the center of the atheroma excretory duct.

If atheroma is inflamed:

hyperemia of the skin in the area of education;
pain on palpation;
mild swelling;
pus from atheroma sometimes breaks out.

Retention cysts of the sebaceous glands or secondary atheromas are more common. Such neoplasms are prone to people with oily or porous skin, suffering from seborrhea, hyperhidrosis. Frequent cases of development of atheroma in people whose skin is with acne and pimples. Atheroma in this case is dense and painful, and the size reaches up to 3-4 cm.

The symptoms of atheroma are determined visually, and to confirm the guesses, contact a dermatologist who, upon examination and palpation, will determine the exact diagnosis.

Which doctors to contact for atheroma

Removal of atheroma

The only treatment for atheroma is removal through surgery. Three types of surgical removal of atheromas are used: radio wave, laser and classical methods.

The choice of the removal method is made by the patient after the doctor's explanations about the quality and effectiveness of the removal of the formation. Laser and radio wave removal of atheroma reduce the rehabilitation period and leave no traces. Sometimes, with inflammation of a small atheroma with the formation of purulent masses inside it, the atheroma is not removed, but opened and drug therapy is prescribed.

Classic method

Laser photocoagulation

With the help of a laser, the atheroma cavity is burned out along with the capsule. In this case, suturing is not required, as a crust forms, which gradually heals. This method removes small cysts, less than 0.5 cm in size. If the dimensions exceed 1 centimeter, then laser excision will be performed. First, the surgeon will make an incision, and only then will treat the cavity with a laser.

Radio wave method

The radio wave method involves the use of high-frequency radio waves to remove, under the influence of which atheroma tissues heat up and evaporate, leaving no traces. A small wound will remain at the site of the procedure, which usually heals quickly. No scars or scars remain. The removal is performed under local anesthesia.

Complications after surgery

After removal of atheroma, tissue fluid with blood clots sometimes accumulates in the resulting cavity. The accumulation of this fluid becomes the environment for the development of infection. To prevent this from happening, a pressure bandage or drainage is applied, through which the fluid flows out over the next day and the formation of an infectious focus is prevented.

After removal of atheroma during the first day, an increase in body temperature is sometimes noted. But if the temperature rises to 38C, swelling and pain occur in the area of the postoperative wound, then you should urgently contact the surgeon who performed the operation to exclude infection from entering the postoperative wound, which rarely happens. In this case, after examination, the doctor sometimes prescribes antibiotics.

Treatment of atheroma in children

Removal of atheroma in a child under three years of age is not recommended. But in practice, inflammatory processes in atheroma often occur in babies and cause restless sensations - pain, redness, and an increase in the size of the formation.

Removal of atheroma in a child is complicated by the need to perform an operation under general anesthesia (which is harmful to the child's body), because. local anesthesia used in adult patients will not allow the surgeon to perform the necessary measures.

The doctor makes an examination, the results of which will make it possible to establish an accurate diagnosis and make the right decision about the immediate removal of atheroma in a child or the postponement of surgical intervention for a while. If the operation is postponed, control over the development of atheroma is established.

To avoid the consequences of atheroma, adhere to the correct regimen and rational diets in nutrition. Observe sanitary and hygienic requirements. And most importantly - if there is the slightest suspicion of atheroma, consult a doctor to prevent further development of the process.

Is it possible to treat atheroma at home

It is impossible to cure an atheroma cyst at home. Such cysts are not subject to self-resorption. Grandma's recipes and folk remedies will not help. Alternative methods slow down cystic growth, but are not able to eliminate atheroma.

Squeezing or cutting a cyst at home is an unsafe occupation. Squeezing or removing the contents of the cyst will bring temporary relief. The pressure in the cyst will decrease, the atheroma will become smaller, but will soon fill up again and continue to grow.

Treatment at home is possible with acute inflammatory processes of neoplasms, in which surgical intervention is not performed. Antibiotic preparations are prescribed for external use, in the form of injections and tablets.

Folk remedies for the treatment of atheroma

Do not use home remedies to remove atheroma without consulting a doctor. Some traditional medicine recipes only help to get rid of small lesions.

Ointments

Lotions and tinctures

With atheroma, lotions and tinctures are used:

plantain;
dandelion;
wormwood;
coltsfoot;
ammonia.

Compresses

Sea water

The use of sea water will help relieve the inflammatory process if the cyst is hyperemic. It is required to treat atheroma by reducing irritation. Take sodium bicarbonate, salt. Add 1 tsp. for half a glass of water. Stir until completely dissolved. The resulting solution is carefully treated with damaged skin.

Honey-sour cream mixture

Mix in a 1:1 ratio until smooth (slurry): salt, sour cream, honey. Apply to atheroma every day. The procedure time is 20 minutes.

Causes of atheroma

More often, atheroma occurs due to blockage of the excreted duct of the duct of the sebaceous gland or swelling of the hair follicle.

Swelling of the follicle occurs due to damage. As a rule, one hair grows from one follicle (hair follicle), and after trauma and hair removal, the exit from the follicle is sometimes blocked, for example, against the background of high testosterone levels. The remaining part of the sebaceous gland continues to secrete sebaceous secretions and, as a result, the former follicle increases in size and turns into atheroma.

Other reasons:

frequent use of cosmetic preparations that close the pores of the skin;
insufficient observance of hygiene rules;
violations of metabolic processes leading to thickening of the secretion of the sebaceous glands;
increased oiliness of the skin;
hormonal disorders.

Also, the causes of atheroma are dermatological diseases, which are characterized by hyperfunction of glandular formations, disturbances in the natural desquamation of epithelial cells or thickening of the skin:

acne;
hyperhidrosis;
seborrhea.

Diagnosis of atheroma

Diagnosis of education is based on the location and appearance, as well as the patient's feelings.

Atheroma is characterized by clear boundaries, the absence of pain and the presence of a black dot on the surface of the wen - a blocked entrance to the sebaceous duct. However, a similar wen is also similar to a lipoma. Therefore, for a complete diagnosis, morphological or histological studies are additionally performed, the results of which confirm or exclude the malignancy of the formation.

Prevention of atheroma

scrubs;
peelings;
masks;
steam baths;
plastic massage.

With a tendency to disease, reduce the consumption of foods that contain animal fats and carbohydrates.

Measures to prevent the formation of atheroma:

diet with restriction of animal fats, refined sugars, spices, salt;
daily hygienic shower or other water procedures;
compliance with the rules of personal hygiene;
treatment of seborrhea, acne, dermatitis, other skin infections;
search and elimination of the causes of excessive sweating.

Questions and answers on the topic "Atheroma"

Question:Good afternoon, on the 7th, they removed an atheroma on my nose, on the 12th everything became very inflamed, it feels like a new one has formed, like a burn, what could it be. I took antibiotics after the operation, why did the inflammation appear again? Thanks in advance.

Answer: Most often, the appearance of pain is associated with an associated infection. The postoperative wound becomes inflamed and pus may form. Inflammation must be treated in a hospital setting. You will need to remove the purulent focus.

Question:Hello! A year ago, I had an inflamed atheroma removed. I was told to come back in a month to remove it entirely. I did not go because there were no complaints about her. Is it dangerous?

Answer: This increases the chance of relapse.

Question:After the removal of the atheroma capsule, on the 2nd day, a headache began in the frontal region, is this normal?

Answer: If the healing is going well, the headache is not associated with the removal of atheroma.

Question:Good afternoon! The surgeon refuses to remove the inflamed atheroma, because. elevated blood sugar. Is he right? And what to do in this case?

Answer: All operations have contraindications, but atheroma can be removed by different methods (section).

Question:Good afternoon, I have atheroma near the left eyelid, I will remove it. But the doctor said that because of this, I have a retinal detachment in my eye and a burning sensation in my eyes, I drip tsipromed. Should it be removed or not.

Answer: It is necessary to remove it - this is the only way to get rid of it and possible complications.

Question:Hello. My son (17 years old) has atheroma of the right parotid region. Should it be removed or not? What complications can arise in both cases? Thank you.

Question:Hello, in 2015, an inflamed atheroma on the lower back was removed, i.e. the capsule has already burst. During 2015-2017 the place became inflamed 6 times and the pus was removed, i.e. every 3-4 months. What can be done?

Answer: Hello. The reason for the recurrence of atheroma is the insufficient radicalism of the first operation. In order to avoid recurrence, it is necessary to remove the atheromatous capsule completely. The most optimal for this is the radio wave method of removal.

Question:After the removal of the festering atheroma of the left cheek, the head and slight malaise have been spinning for a week. what is it connected with and is this condition dangerous?

Answer: Hello. A common complication is an increase in body temperature up to 38. Your condition may not be related to the operation. Report this to your doctor.

Question:They opened an atheroma on the chest. Everything seems to be fine, but some internal seal remains after 4 days after opening, the lump is hard when probed. What does it mean, again it is necessary to open, not everything worked out?

Answer: Hello. If it was an inflamed atheroma, then most likely you just opened and drained a purulent focus, now, when the inflammation subsides, you need a second operation - removal of the atheroma capsule, otherwise everything will repeat. Check with your treating physician for details.

Question:Hello! Today, the contents of the atheroma were opened and removed, what preventive measures should be taken after the operation in order to avoid infection in the area of the former atheroma?

Answer: Hello. Recommendations should have been given by the attending physician. General advice: the seams under the bandage are treated with brilliant green in the morning and evening, the next day no treatment is required; the dressing must not be wetted; washing of the operated area is temporarily abstained. Usually after two days you should come for a dressing. After a week, the stitches are removed.

Question:Hello! There has been an atheroma on the earlobe for about half a month, about 0.3x0.3 cm. I went to the surgeon, he said that it is not necessary to remove it until it becomes inflamed, but simply wipe it with vodka 3 times a day. What should I do?

Answer: Hello. If you insist it will be removed. This is a benign neoplasm.

Question:Hello! I had an atheroma removed in my groin. That's what the doctor said. There was a lot of pus. After removal, I felt a seal. Almost 4 months passed and a small one appeared again, it seems that next to the old one. When they removed it for histology, they didn’t send anything - how scary it is. Should I now remove it again surgically or wait until the doctor comes out at the laser clinic and remove it with a laser?

Answer: Hello. You did not remove the atheroma, but opened the abscess. Relapses in such operations are possible. However, it may be another atheroma. If it bothers you, you need to delete it.

Question:Hello! My mother (60 years old) had an atheroma of a decent size removed on her back, before visiting the doctor she broke through. After removal, on the same day, the temperature rose to 39, her lymph nodes were significantly enlarged, in the morning the temperature was 37.2. Tell me, please, is this phenomenon normal, do I take an antibiotic? The doctor said that such a temperature is impossible from atheroma and nothing needs to be taken, only attend dressings.

Answer: Hello. The temperature may rise, antibiotics may be needed, but the attending physician must decide for himself.

Atheroma is a fairly common neoplasm. How does atheroma behave after removal? What should be done so that atheroma does not reappear after removal?

At its core, atheroma is a soft tissue lesion that is benign. It can occur with blockage of the glands of the sebaceous type and in most cases must be surgically removed.

Features of postoperative care

In order to prevent the tumor from reappearing after removal, it is important to provide competent care after surgery. Surgical sutures are usually removed after a week. The operated area should be treated daily with a weak antiseptic solution. For the first few days, it is not recommended to wet the affected skin surface with water, otherwise the healing process will slow down.

If the pathological zone is located in places of constant friction against healthy skin or clothing, dressings cannot be dispensed with. It is important to keep the wound completely clean, otherwise an abscess may occur.

About complications

Complications of the postoperative type in this case are quite rare. With any surgical intervention, there is a possibility of damage to blood vessels. This can lead to open bleeding. In this case, the damaged vessel is sutured, after which special coagulants are used.

An inflammatory process can also spread to the sutures due to the addition of a bacterial flora. In this case, the patient may complain of redness of the skin, itching, and the presence of subfebrile temperature. The process of the inflammatory type is treated by taking antibiotics. If the inflammation does not stop and continues to progress, they resort to surgical intervention.

There is always a risk of recurrence after surgery. This is due to incomplete excision of the affected tissues, with a poorly performed operation. That is why you should carefully approach the choice of a surgeon, trust your health only to a qualified specialist with extensive experience in such work.

What to do to avoid inflammation

In order for atheroma not to form again, and the inflammatory process does not bother you, certain recommendations of specialists should be followed. These include the following:

1. careful observance of personal hygiene. A few days after the operation, you can wash the ears with soap and water.
2. The use of antiseptic solutions in the first days after medical intervention.
3. Timely visit to a specialist to remove stitches.

In addition, the doctor must carefully remove the mutated tumor tissue. Only in this case, inflammation can be avoided. At the first signs of atheroma, experts recommend not to hesitate, and contact an otolaryngologist as soon as possible. Otherwise, the tumor can quickly develop into a malignant one, and then the treatment will be difficult, and in some cases impossible.

How will the tumor behave after removal? Immediately after surgery, quite strong painful sensations are possible, as well as wetting of the wound surface. In this case, the specialist may prescribe painkillers. A few days later, after the removal of the sutures, the gradual healing of the incision begins. With a successful operation, only a small, almost imperceptible scar remains at the location of the atheroma.

This procedure is performed in almost all surgical rooms, and it can be done free of charge or at an affordable price. Preparation for surgery is not required, the patient can come to the office at any time of the day. The procedure takes about half an hour, after which the patient can immediately go home and lead a normal life with some restrictions. During the operation, local anesthesia is used, so the manipulation is tolerated by patients easily and painlessly.

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An atheroma or tumor that occurs due to blockage of the sebaceous gland can fester and cause pain, which is why hematologists and surgeons recommend removing atheroma to prevent its reappearance.

The removal operation takes no more than one day and, as a rule, does not cause complications with proper care. Consider how you need to care for the operated area in order to avoid trouble.

Proper Care

If the operation was performed with a scalpel, the surgeon will suture. In the case of using a laser or radio wave method, sutures are not applied. The stitches will be removed about a week after the procedure, and sometimes earlier.

If the removal of the atheroma involved a serious surgical intervention, for example, the enucleation of a giant cyst located on the head under the hairline was carried out, dressings would be required.

After removal of a purulent cyst or atheroma of a large size, the wound is treated with a spruce to prevent inflammation of the scar.

Within two weeks after the operation (this is how long the healing process takes), you must follow the doctor's recommendations:

Do not wet the area to be removed for at least two days.
If indicated, use topical anti-inflammatory absorbable agents.
If necessary, treat the wound daily with an antiseptic.
Wear a bandage or clean headgear (if the operation was performed on the scalp). This will prevent infection from entering the wound.

The speed of wound healing and the likelihood of scarring depends not only on the methods used by the surgeon, but also on the characteristics of the patient's skin.

What can disturb the patient after the operation?

Serious complications after removal of atheroma are extremely rare. However, some patients may experience some discomfort, which is within the normal range and quickly passes.

Like removal of a fibroma, enucleation of an atheroma may cause a slight increase in body temperature. This happens if the operation was performed on the background of a cold or exacerbation of a chronic disease. This is very rare, since the doctor diagnoses the patient's condition before the operation.
There may be slight swelling at the site of removal.
Accumulation of fluid in the subcutaneous tissue. This phenomenon is fought with the application of a pressure bandage or the introduction of a drainage tube.
Secondary infection of the seam if the doctor's recommendations and hygiene rules are not followed.

Complete healing of the scar after removal of the cyst takes no more than 3 months. During this time, the scar is completely absorbed and disappears. To speed up this process, the doctor may prescribe special ointments that promote healing.