The best drugs to improve memory. Symptoms and signs of amnesia
We don't even use half of our brains. Our memory can also hold much more information than we think. True, modern life pushes everyone in one way or another to circumstances that can make you forget a lot. It is at such moments that we think about which ones are better to choose.
To begin with, let's figure out: and what leads to its loss. First of all, this is the ability of any, in this case, a person, to remember the events and skills that he observes or in which he participates. At certain moments of life, a short-term one can come. And it’s not even about age, because this can happen both at 50 and at 20 years old.
First of all, memory is related to which is more efficient if the power supply is sufficient. For normal functioning, the brain needs proteins and carbohydrates, nutrients, vitamins, etc. That is why the better and more varied you eat, the better your memory and the health of the whole organism. Also important is a healthy lifestyle with the obligatory rest in a dream for at least 8 hours a day. Such rules will help not only to increase efficiency, but also to forget what drugs to improve memory are.
And yet, in the life of every person, unplanned situations happen. The causes of memory loss are quite diverse, but almost all of them are related to the functioning of the nervous system. With some mental illnesses or injuries, mental upheavals, stress and depression, short-term memory loss is possible. It is also called amnesia. That is why, in case of serious disorders of the psycho-emotional state, it is worth turning to drugs that normalize it.
One of the most common can be considered glycine and phenotropil. However, their use should be agreed with the doctor. Piracetam, which is widely used in domestic medicine in other countries, is a big question, because. its usefulness has not been fully proven.
Stroke is the most common cause of memory loss. This is a hemorrhage in the cerebral cortex. In this case, both blood supply and nutrition are disturbed. This is what leads to the death of some nerve endings in the brain and a person loses memories or the ability to remember current events. Certain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Lyme, tuberculosis, tertiary syphilis, AIDS, etc. may also aggravate memory. That is why it is necessary to monitor the general state of health and prevent additional ailments in these diseases.
But these are not all causes of memory loss. The list described above includes drug addiction and alcoholism. In these cases, not only the psycho-emotional perception of the world is disturbed, but also the nutrition of the brain. In addition, alcohol and drugs affect brain cells, destroying them. In some not very advanced cases, drugs are successfully used to improve memory.
Everyone knows that you can not self-medicate, but many ignore this golden rule of medicine. Some medicines may cause memory loss if taken incorrectly. Also, some medicines can cause short-term memory loss as a side effect. This must be reported to the doctor. Perhaps the use of these funds will be replaced by drugs to improve memory.
What kind of medicines can be used for better memorization? The most well-proven drug is Phezam. It is a symbiosis of piracetam and cynarizine. That is why, using this drug, you can achieve optimal results in a shorter time. Also popular are Oxybral, Giloba, Lucetam and Memoria. All these drugs are freely available in pharmacies, but only a doctor's consultation will help you make the right choice and enjoy an excellent memory for many years.
Amnesia is a partial or general inability to recall recent or distant events. Amnesia can be partial (when the patient is unable to remember some events) and complete (when there is a complete loss of memory). In addition, amnesia is temporary, which is characterized by the restoration of memories over time in chronological order.
Bravinton tablets
Vinpoton tablets
Vinpotropil tablets
Vinpocetine tablets
Vinpocetine forte tablets
Vinpocetine Acry tablets
Cavinton tablets
Cavinton forte tablets
Capsules Carnicetin
Tablets Lucetam
Memotropil tablets
Nimotop tablets
Capsules Noben
Tablets Nootobril
Nootropil tablets
Capsules Piracetam
Stamina Capsules
Tanakan tablets
Tablets Trental
Phezam capsules
Cerebril tablets
Symptoms and signs of amnesia
Amnesia can be an independent symptom or be accompanied by other symptoms, it can also accompany mental illness (for example, schizophrenia). Global transient amnesia is a severe and sudden bout of confusion with loss of orientation and the ability to recognize loved ones. Most individuals do not experience a recurrence of episodes of global transient amnesia throughout their lives, however, in some it is likely. Attacks can last from half an hour to twelve hours.
This disease can lead to absolute disorientation and loss of memory of events that have happened over the past few years. At the end of the attack, the confusion of consciousness, as a rule, passes quickly and there is a complete recovery.
People suffering from alcoholism and unbalanced nutrition are prone to an unusual form of amnesia - Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, in which acute confusion of consciousness (acute Wernicke's encephalopathy) is manifested, as well as long-term amnesia. These conditions are the result of impaired brain function, which can be triggered by a lack of thiamine (vitamin B1). Increased alcohol consumption with a lack of thiamine in food reduces the content of this element in the brain.
Acute Wernicke's encephalopathy is accompanied by unsteady gait, confusion, drowsiness, visual impairment (double vision, paralysis of the eye muscles, eyeball trembling - nystagmus) and severe memory loss.
Causes of amnesia
The causes of amnesia can be psychological (loss of memories of the psychological trauma received) and organic (poisoning, strokes, tumors, injuries). Brain injury can provoke retrograde amnesia, in which the patient cannot restore the events that occurred before the injury. Brain diseases can cause anterograde amnesia, in which the ability to remember events after the moment of illness is lost.
Amnesia after injury lasts from several minutes to several hours, depending on the degree of damage, and passes without treatment, however, in severe cases of amnesia, the memory may not return at all.
The areas that allow the brain to receive information and then use it are usually located in the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes. The limbic system is also involved in the ability to memorize. Since memory is essential for most of the interrelated functions of the brain, any damage to the brain can lead to memory loss.
The main cause of transient global amnesia may be hypoxia resulting from regular blockage of small cerebral arteries due to atherosclerosis. Transient global amnesia in young people can be triggered by migraine attacks, in which the blood flow in the brain is temporarily reduced, which leads to the development of hypoxia.
Excessive use of alcohol or large amounts of tranquilizers (benzodiazepines and barbiturates) can lead to brief seizures.
Amnesia can be childish and is characterized by the inability of the patient to remember what happened to him in childhood. The reason for this is the underdevelopment of the necessary brain structures.
Diagnosis of amnesia
Amnesia is diagnosed by the medical history and clinical manifestations. Special tests can also be performed to determine memory function.
Magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, computed tomography, toxicological and biochemical tests, as well as a blood test are used to determine the cause of amnesia and conduct differential diagnosis.
In addition to this, the patient should be examined by a psychiatrist, neurologist, narcologist, and consultation of an infectious disease specialist and a neurosurgeon is also possible.
Amnesia treatment
In case of poisoning, trauma and tumors, treatment is based on the therapy of the main disease.
In the treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy, intravenous administration of thiamine is necessary, which helps to restore brain functions. If left untreated, the acute form of Wernicke's encephalopathy can be fatal. Therefore, alcoholics who suffer from confusion or unusual neurological signs are immediately treated with thiamine.
Korsakov's amnestic psychosis (Korsakov's amnesia) accompanies the acute form of Wernicke's encephalopathy, but can also occur after a serious head injury, acute encephalitis, and cardiac arrest.
In the case of amnesia, which is caused by psychological factors, hypnosis, psychotherapy and the use of certain drugs such as amytal or pentonal (as prescribed by a doctor) are used.
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TOP 20 drugs to improve memory and brain
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We present you the TOP-20 drugs to improve memory and brain function.
The article is an overview of the most popular remedies recommended by doctors and pharmacists to improve brain function and memory.
Do you know from the article?
- Over-the-counter drugs
- Glycine
- vitrum memory
- Undevit
- Aminalon
- Bilobil
- Intellan
- Ginkgo biloba
- Glycine D3
- Divaza
- Brain Rush
- BrainBoosterX
- Prescription drugs
- Phezam
- Piracetam
- Nootropil
- Phenotropil
- encephabol
- Cavinton
- Picamilon
- Cerebrolysin
- Medications to improve memory for children
- Do drugs help improve memory?
- Are drugs harmful to memory?
What drugs to choose to improve memory and brain activity?
We highlight the following selection criteria:
- age category (child, schoolchild, student, adult, elderly)
- side effects (small, not detected, significant)
- effectiveness based on feedback and research
Based on these parameters, we have compiled a table with a rating of drugs to improve mental activity, which includes drugs, dietary supplements, vitamins and nootropics.
TOP 20 drugs to improve the brain 2018
| Name of the drug | Age restrictions | Doctor's prescription | price, rub. | Rating* |
| (Editor's Choice) | under 18 | not needed | 880 — 1140 | 9,5 |
| up to 3 years | needed | 130 — 330 | 8,5 | |
| under 18 | needed | 170 — 730 | 8 | |
| No | not needed | 120 — 230 | 8 | |
| under 18 | not needed | 260 — 1000 | 7,5 | |
| under 18 | not needed | 260 — 350 | 7,5 | |
| No | needed | 30 — 140 | 7,5 | |
| No | needed | 650 — 1000 | 7,5 | |
| No | not needed | 530 — 2200 | 7,5 | |
| No | not needed | 30 — 90 | 7 | |
| under 18 | not needed | 100 — 2000 | 7 | |
| No | not needed | 180 — 500 | 7 | |
| No | needed | 70 — 170 | 7 | |
| No | needed | 660 — 1500 | 7 | |
| No | not needed | 50 — 200 | 6,5 | |
| No | not needed | 180 — 230 | 6,5 | |
| up to 8 years | not needed | 70 — 470 | 6,5 | |
| up to 5 years | needed | 240 — 360 | 6 |
The best drugs to improve brain activity for different age categories
| For children and schoolchildren | For students | For adults | For pensioners and the elderly |
Over-the-counter drugs
Glycine
The most popular drug in Russia. Often used for stress and increased nervous excitement, psycho-emotionallym voltage. Very common among students during exam preparation sessions. The main purpose is to increase mental performance.
Application form: 1 tablet 3 times a day.
Side effects: .
vitrum memory
It is recommended to take these drugs with a decrease in attention, speed of thinking, deterioration of intelligence. Herbal preparation. Improves the supply of oxygen to the brain and improves cerebral circulation. Prevents hypoxia (lack of oxygen). Produced in the form of tablets.
Application form: 1 tablet 2 times a day for 3 months
Side effects: headache, dizziness, dyspepsia, skin allergic reactions.
Undevit
It is a dragee containing a complex of vitamins A, B, C, E and P, which, when combined in the right proportions, give a synergistic effect. It is recommended for metabolism in old age, as well as after illnesses during the recovery period.
Application form: 2-3 tablets per day for 20-30 days
Side effects: possible allergic reactions
Aminalon
Restores the dynamics of nervous processes, removes toxins formed in the process of metabolism in the brain. In diabetic patients, it helps to reduce glucose levels. Recommended after traumatic brain injury.
Application form: 1/3 of the daily dose 3 times a day before meals. Daily dose: children 1-3 years old 1-2g, children 4-6 years old - 2-3g, children over 7 years old - 3g. The course of admission is from 2 weeks to 4 months.
Side effects: nausea, vomiting, blood pressure lability, dyspepsia, fever, sleep disturbance.
Bilobil
It is recommended for violation of intellectual abilities and sleep, as well as for those who experience a feeling of anxiety, fear. Improves microcirculation, supply of peripheral tissues of the brain with oxygen. Contraindicated in persons under 18 years of age.
Application form: 1 capsule 3 times a day for at least 3 months
Side effects: redness, skin rash, swelling, itching, dyspepsia, headache, insomnia, decreased blood clotting.
Intellan
Application form: 1 capsule 2 times a day after meals in the morning and evening for 4 weeks
Side effects: possible allergic reactions
Ginko biloba
The preparation contains an extract of the leaves of the tree flexibly biloba. It is recommended for dizziness, sleep disorders, tinnitus, decreased attention and memory. Not recommended for persons under 18 years of age and during pregnancy. Renders
antihypoxic effect and improves tissue metabolism.
Application form:
Side effects: possible allergic reactions
Divaza
It is used for disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), including those caused by traumatic brain injury. Restores interhemispheric connections of the brain. The synergism of the components has a positive effect on neuronal plasticity - this increases the resistance of the brain to toxic effects. Not recommended for people under 18 and pregnant women.
Application form: 1-2 tablets 3 times a day.
Glycine D3
Glycine D3 is a dietary supplement that combines glycine and vitamin D3. These components reinforce each other, activating the work of the central nervous system. It is recommended to stimulate the brain and normalize metabolism in the brain.
Application form: 1 effervescent tablet 1 time per day.
Side effects: not detected.
Prescription drugs
Attention! Before using drugs, be sure to consult your doctor.
Phezam
It is recommended for the prevention of migraine, kinetosis, with a decrease in intellectual functions (memory, attention, mood), as well as intoxication. Contraindicated in pregnancy and children under 5 years of age. Improves blood circulation and brain metabolism.
Application form: 1 capsule (80 mg) 2 times a day for 6-8 weeks
Side effects: possible allergic reactions
Piracetam
It is used for dizziness, decreased attention, Alzheimer's disease, in old age and circulatory disorders of the brain due to injuries. Popular with students during the session.
Application form: 150 mg / kg per day in 2-4 doses. The duration of treatment is 8 weeks.
Side effects: headache, tremor, in some cases - weakness, drowsiness.
Nootropil
The drug contains the active substance - piracetam. Improves the functions of attention, concentration, memory, without psychostimulating effects. Recommended for children with dyslexia. Contraindicated in children under 3 years of age.
Application form: specified by the doctor
Side effects: increased sexual activity. Rarely - abdominal pain, nervousness, agitation, irritability.
Phenotropil
Tablets with a yellowish tint, increase the content of norepinephrine, serotonin in the blood. Improves
blood supply to the lower extremities. Increases energy levels in the body and oxygen content in the brain. The effect is manifested even after a single dose. Drug dependence does not develop.
Application form: 2 doses of 100-200 mg for 30 days.
Side effects: insomnia (when taking the drug after 15 hours).
encephabol
It improves blood circulation in the brain, memory performance and restores disturbed metabolic processes in the nervous tissue. It is recommended for mental disorders, childhood encephalopathy and cerebral atherosclerosis.
Application form: established by the doctor individually.
Side effects: hypersensitivity to pyritinol.
Cavinton
A drug that improves brain metabolism. It is used in case of insufficient blood circulation of the vessels of the brain, for example: atherosclerosis of the vessels, after a stroke, hypertensive encephalopathy. Contraindicated in pregnancy and children under 18 years of age.
Application form: 5-10 mg 3 times a day for 3 months.
Side effects: allergic skin reactions, increased sweating.
Picamilon
With long-term use, it improves mental abilities, helps to reduce feelings of anxiety, improve
attention and memory, normalizes sleep. It is also recommended for people suffering from neuropsychiatric diseases.
Application form: 60 mg per day for 1.5-3 months.
Side effects: nausea, headache, dizziness, irritability, agitation, anxiety, allergic reactions (rash, itching).
Cerebrolysin
Produced in the form of ampoules. Protects against the formation of free radicals, reduces the harmful effects of glutamate. Recommended for Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.
Application form: 60 mg per day for 1.5-3 months
Side effects: rarely - itching and burning at the injection site, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, confusion, insomnia.
Noofen
Side effects: headaches, drowsiness, bouts of nausea.
Before using drugs, carefully weigh the pros and cons of using such drugs. Almost everyone has side effects that are not necessarily reflected externally on the body, but can negatively affect the condition of the internal organs.
Medications to improve memory for children
Some of the above drugs can be used in children, but very carefully.
Regarding improving memory for children with the help of drugs, there is a very interesting video - see:
In situations with children, the problem may not be with memory and the brain at all.
If a child has been unable to remember information for a long time, perhaps this is not his forte. Maybe he likes music or dancing more, think about that before you force him to memorize something next time.
Do drugs help improve memory?
As neuroscientist K.V. Anokhin: " There are currently no drugs that would really improve memory.
All drugs (including those listed above in the article) have psychotropic functions, not mnemotropic ones. This means that such drugs affect blood circulation and processes associated with attention, perception, concentration. But they do not affect memory directly.
People want a magic pill, the NZT analog from the movie Fields of Darkness, but there is none.
In addition, think about what you risk by trying different modern drugs ...
Are drugs harmful to memory?
If you have a problem with memory, attention, sleep, mood, then under no circumstances will the pills remove the causes of these problems. All they can do is, in some cases, reduce the symptoms of problems. At the same time, they can add a lot of negative side effects to your body.
Understand the causes of memory and brain problems.
Most often it is:
- malnutrition;
- lack of physical activity;
- lack of oxygen;
- irregular sleep;
- psychological trauma.
Find out why you might be having problems and start dealing with them!
But if you suddenly still want to help yourself with drugs, then recently there was information about new drugs that are even used by intelligence officers.
DRUG NO LONGER AVAILABLE
About this drug they write the following:
- improvement of cerebral circulation, improvement of transmission of nerve impulses of the brain;
- improvement of the work of all parts of the brain-cerebellum;
- improvement of synaptic communication between neurons;
Drugs of various classes and groups often cause amnestic syndrome - deterioration in memory, memorization, learning ability, decreased concentration of attention, decreased integrative functions of the brain, which is especially significant for patients involved in intellectual work. Almost all drugs with a general depressant, psychodepressant and central anticholinergic effect have an amnestic effect.
Drugs that cause amnestic syndrome: tranquilizers, neuroleptics, cyclic antidepressants, anticholinergics (atropine, platifillin, scopolamine, etc.), centrally acting antiadrenergic drugs (methyldopa, clonidine, guanfacine, etc.), glucocorticoids, androgenic and antiprogestogenic drugs, interferons, NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen and etc.).
This syndrome develops when taking almost all tranquilizers.. There are two drugs from this series that do not have an amnestic effect: phenibut and busperone do not cause stupor, lethargy, do not reduce the speed of reactions and mental processes. This list could be supplemented with mebicar, which also does not cause the above reactions, but its effectiveness is low and, according to some reports, its effect is comparable to a "placebo". In benzodiazepines with a rapid hgfpdbnbtv effect (after the administration of midazolam, triazolam, flunitrazepam, diazepam intravenously or in the presence of alcohol), “antegrade” amnesia is observed (Schönhöfer P.S., Schwabe U., 1996). Prevention of this side effect is to advise patients to use the minimum therapeutically effective doses, not to increase the dose and to individually approach the choice of the drug.
Almost all drugs that block central dopamine receptors and cholinergic receptors have an amnestic effect.
Amnestic syndrome is one of the most common complications in the treatment of neuroleptics.. Antipsychotics inhibit the dopaminergic structures of the central nervous system, and in connection with this, there is an inhibition of the integrative function of the brain, a significant deterioration in memory, learning, absent-mindedness, and the speed of mental processes decreases. In this regard, it can be strongly recommended to avoid excessive prescription of antipsychotics, especially in non-psychiatric pathology.
Amnestic syndrome often develops when taking cyclic antidepressants. Memory impairment is associated with the central anticholinergic action of these drugs. Antidepressants are used by patients for a long time, which significantly increases the risk of this syndrome, most often memory impairment is observed in elderly patients, especially with simultaneous treatment with benzodiazepines.
All anticholinergic (anticholinergic) drugs (atropine, platifillin, scopolamine, etc.) cause amnestic syndrome. A significant influence of the cholinergic system on memory, on the processes of learning and memorization has been established. It is logical that systems that depress the cholinergic systems of the brain have an amnestic effect. This syndrome develops even when taking anticholinergic drugs, even in therapeutic doses. Given the available data, it is not recommended to prescribe these funds to elderly and senile people, especially with existing extrapyramidal disorders (Wicklund S. et al., 1987).
When treated with glucocorticoids Memory impairment is one of the most common side effects. The prognosis for the development of amnesia is worsened by previously formed multiple sclerosis. Steroid-mediated effects on cerebral glucose metabolism or on limbic glucocorticoid receptors may play an important role in the development of the amnestic syndrome.
Cognitive impairment is noted in patients, especially the elderly, taking NSAIDs.. Most patients had impaired memory for upcoming events and the ability to concentrate. memory impairment was observed after the start of NSAID therapy) doses of ibuprofen were 1600-3200 mg per day and naproxen 500-75 mg per day) and disappeared 2 weeks after their withdrawal (Hoppmann R.A. et al., 1991).
Antiprogestogenic drugs(mifepristone, danazol, etc.) often cause depression of the central nervous system, reducing memory and the speed of mental processes.
When treated with interferons in many cases (33%) there is a change in behavioral and cognitive functions (Ettinger OA et al., 1999).
Memory impairment may also be an indirect consequence cerebral hypoxia caused by the use of drugs that provoke deep hypotension or, conversely, an increase in blood pressure, cerebrovascular accident, acute and chronic heart failure, transverse heart block, Parkinson's syndrome (Neri D., 2000; Stazkhovskaya L.V., 2000) . The risk of developing amnesia and dementia under the influence of drugs in the elderly is high. Dementia is characterized by a general deterioration in intellectual functions and is manifested by slow performance of tasks that require certain mental and physical efforts, a reduced ability to maintain the level of attention, understanding, severe drowsiness, a decrease in the level of wakefulness, etc. All psychodepressant drugs (tranquilizers, antipsychotics, sleeping pills), centrally acting antihypertensive drugs (clophelin, guanfacine, etc.), -blockers, alcohol.
Risk factors for developing drug-induced dementia are old age, cerebral circulation disorders, renal and hepatic insufficiency, vitamin deficiency, hypoglycemia, thyroid insufficiency, chronic alcohol intoxication, hyper- and hyponatremia, hyper- and hypocalcemia (Neri D., 2000).
Health
Millions of people depend on drugs to relieve life-threatening symptoms of illness.
However, the chemicals in some drugs can cause strange and sometimes quite dangerous side effects.
Here are some examples of the effects of taking medications.
1. Disappearing fingerprints
A few years ago, a man from Singapore was detained in the United States, who did not have ... fingerprints. As it turned out, the man took an anticancer drug capecitabine(capecitabine). Presumably, his fingerprints disappeared due to the fact that the skin on his fingers began to peel off due to a reaction with the drug.
2. Memory loss
In movies, amnesia or memory loss often happens after a character hits his head hard. In medicine, short-term memory loss can also occur with certain medications. Some sedatives and sleeping pills have this side effect.
3. Loss of smell
There have been cases where patients have reported a complete loss of smell (anosmia) as a consequence of taking interferons, which are often used in the treatment of hepatitis, leukemia and multiple sclerosis. So one patient from Croatia stopped detecting odors after two weeks of taking these drugs. Even 13 months after stopping treatment, he still couldn't smell anything.
4. Gambling and hypersexuality
Reception ropinirole(ropinirole) for the treatment of restless legs syndrome and Parkinson's disease may lead to gambling and sex cravings, claims its maker GlaxoSmithKline.
In 2011, a 51-year-old Frenchman who was taking the drug Requip (which contains ropinirole) sued the company after he he became addicted to gambling, and he began to experience cravings for homosexual relationships. The drug label now states: "Patients should tell their doctor if they begin to experience increased gambling, increased sex drive, or other strong desires while taking the drug."
5. Night eating
sleeping pill zolipden(zolpidem) has been linked to side effects such as the urge to eat and cook while sleeping, and even sleepy driving. Doctors are still figuring out the reason for this, after many patients began to worry about the safety of this drug.
6. Hallucinations
Mefloquine(Mefloquine) - a drug that is used in the treatment of malaria, has a rather dangerous side effect. Patients taking this drug complained of hallucinations and even suicide attempts while taking it. In 2009, it was reported that Lariam (a drug containing mefloquine) resulted in more than 3,000 reports of psychiatric problems in patients.
7. Blue urine
Normal urine is yellow, and therefore, seeing blue urine, any person can panic. There are several medications that can cause blue urine, including an antidepressant. amitriptyline, painkiller indomethacin and anesthetic profopol. The blue color is due to the artificial colors in these preparations.
Side effects of certain drugs
The side effect is unplanned onset of symptoms that occur when taking various drugs. Side effects can be both positive and negative. For example, antihistamines that help with allergy symptoms can cause drowsiness. If you suffer from insomnia, then this may help you, but if you need to work, then the medicine will adversely affect your ability.
The most common side effects of medications are: nausea, vomiting, allergic reactions, drowsiness, insomnia, heart palpitations and addiction.
Some side effects are identified during testing, while others are sometimes found out after widespread use.
Side effects of birth control pills
Hormonal contraceptives range from mild to quite severe. You can only know how well you will tolerate a drug once you start using it.
Here are some of the most common side effects of birth control:
Headache
Dizziness
Breast tenderness
Nausea
Bloody spotting
Decreased sexual desire
mood swings
As a rule, they pass after some time of taking hormonal contraceptives. If this does not happen, you should consult your doctor about changing the drug or method of contraception.
Side effects of antibiotics
Antibiotics should be taken strictly as prescribed by the doctor. It's important to know, how, when and how long to take an antibiotic. Some medicines need to be taken with water, while others are taken with food. Absorption and, therefore, the effectiveness of the antibiotic depends on this. Also, you should not interrupt the course if you have already started taking antibiotics, as it may not completely kill dangerous microorganisms, and this will lead to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
The most common side effects of antibiotics are:
Stomach upset
Allergies (rash, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, tongue)
Candidiasis
side effects of vitamins
While taking vitamin supplements is good for health, overdosing on certain vitamins can cause a range of side effects. This can happen both when taking large doses of vitamin supplements, or when combining large amounts of certain foods and supplements.
Here are some of the most common side effects that occur with vitamin overdose:
Vitamin A: vision problems, fatigue, liver problems, diarrhea, headache, hair loss, menstrual problems
Vitamin B6: depression, fatigue, headache, loss of sensation in the limbs
Vitamin C: headache, hot flashes, lethargy, insomnia, diarrhea, nausea, kidney stones
Calcium: fatigue, kidney stones, slowing down of nervous system functions
Vitamin D: nausea, weakness, high blood pressure, increased cholesterol, headache
Vitamin E: severe fatigue, increased pressure, dizziness
Iron: liver damage, heart problems, pancreas problems, constipation
Niacin(Vitamin PP): liver damage, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, high blood sugar
Selenium: weakness, nausea
Zinc: hand tremor, loss of muscle control, speech confusion
