What is iodine responsible for in the body. Physical and chemical properties

For normal functioning The human body needs certain elements to be supplied with food. In particular, it is necessary that the diet contains foods rich in vitamins, macronutrients and microelements. One of the most important elements for human health is iodine. Without iodine, the normal functioning of the pancreas is impossible, the most important body responsible for digestion and blood sugar regulation. In addition, iodine is important for the thyroid gland, which is responsible for the work of the central nervous system, the process of assimilation of fats and carbohydrates, as well as for the condition of the skin and hair.

The hormones produced thyroid gland, are directly involved in the development of cells of the central nervous system, as well as skin and hair, therefore maximum dose iodine should be taken by pregnant and lactating women. For them, the daily dose is about 210 mcg per day. Enough for an adult 150 micrograms of iodine.

Children under the age of two need to provide at least 50 micrograms of iodine. From two to six years, this dose should double. Well, schoolchildren need about 120 micrograms of iodine per day.

Most iodine is found in seafood. It is known that the inhabitants sea element able to accumulate iodine from salt water. In particular, only 150 grams of seaweed, or kelp, can provide daily dose iodine, which is necessary for an adult. Enough a large number of iodine is found in fucus, but in our country it is not easy to find this algae in stores.

Cod liver is quite rich in iodine. Just 100 grams of this product contains about 350 micrograms of iodine. Raw marine fish such as flounder, halibut or herring contain 100 to 200 micrograms valuable trace element. Approximately the same amount of iodine is found in 100 grams of squid, mussels, oysters and shrimp.

It should be remembered that iodine is a rather unstable compound that can volatilize during heat treatment. Therefore, it is advisable to use seafood not fried: it is recommended to stew them or boil them.

You can not exclude from the diet cheeses and shelf products, which contain about 11 micrograms of iodine per 100 grams of weight. Approximately 7 mcg of iodine is found in potatoes, carrots, tomatoes and sorrel.

Persimmons, strawberries, lemons and grapes contain no more than 5 micrograms of iodine per 100 grams of weight. Therefore, nutritionists recommend purchasing fruits and vegetables that are grown on soils enriched with iodine.

We must not forget about such a valuable food product as chicken eggs. One egg contains not only proteins and fats valuable for the body, but also approximately 12 micrograms of iodine.

Many people try to fill the iodine deficiency in the diet by using special iodized salt. Only two grams of this salt can fully replenish the daily volume of this valuable trace element. Iodized salt was invented in America, where at the beginning of the last century there was a significant increase in the number of children born with cretinism (a severe form of mental retardation). Children with mental retardation were born in those places where the soil, and hence food, was not rich enough in iodine.

It is important to remember that iodized salt will only be effective if the food is salted after cooking. Otherwise, iodine will evaporate during heat treatment.

How does iodine deficiency manifest itself?

Insufficient intake of iodine in the body is manifested as follows:

the person becomes irritable;
migraines are observed;
reduced ability to concentrate;
performance decreases.

Iodine deficiency and overweight

Hormones produced by the thyroid gland are involved in a number of metabolic processes, in particular, in the breakdown and accumulation of fats and carbohydrates. In the event that there is a lack of iodine in the diet, the thyroid gland changes its mode of operation. In the process of evolution, a special mechanism has been developed: in the event that the body is in danger in the form of a lack of food, endocrine system begins to "work" on the creation of stocks. As a result, body fat which often leads to obesity. At the same time, the production of growth hormones decreases: all metabolic processes in the body slow down in order to “wait out” a difficult period. This also affects the work of the nervous system: a person becomes inhibited, his memory deteriorates and his ability to concentrate decreases.

If for a long time it does not enter the body required amount iodine are observed the following symptoms:

the thyroid gland increases in size (goiter develops);
the work of the endocrine system suffers;
children have a lag in both physical and intellectual development;
drowsiness, constant feeling fatigue, lack of energy;
deaf-mute;
work disruption reproductive system: impotence, infertility, fetal abnormalities, etc.

With a lack of iodine in the diet, disorders of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems can also be associated.

The famous statement of Hippocrates is well known: In a spoon - medicine, in a cup - poison". And despite the fact that iodine is a vital element for every person, its excess can cause serious disorders body work. Overuse iodine can lead to the following consequences:

paranoia;
allergic reactions;
hyperactivity;
weight loss;
potency disorders.

Do I need to take iodine supplements?

Only a doctor can decide whether a person needs to take iodine. Usually taking drugs containing iodine is recommended:

during pregnancy planning;
during gestation and breastfeeding child;
newborns whose mothers suffer from iodine deficiency;
during difficult mental stress(during exams or when working on important projects).

Iodine is one of the most important elements necessary for the normal functioning of the body. However, we must not forget that an excess of iodine is no less dangerous than its deficiency. It is important for every person to eat right: only balanced diet will provide the body with everything necessary for its normal functioning. Only a doctor can decide whether a person needs an additional intake of drugs containing iodine.

Iodine in the body — Video

Zinc in the human body

Iodine in the human body plays essential role. In the table of D. I. Mendeleev, he stands at number 53. Its biological component is very strong.

The role of iodine in the human body

This element is involved in the formation of the most important thyroid hormones for humans, which are responsible for proper growth and development, for metabolic processes involved in the functioning of our body. The chemical trace element iodine in the human body is required in a strictly defined amount for proper development and thyroid function. Get the required portion this element is possible only from the outside. Therefore, it is important to know what food is rich in them.

The emergence of iodine

Iodine was first discovered in 1811 by B. Courtois, a French chemist. He began heating seaweed with sulfuric acid, thus creating a new element in the periodic table. Iodine, as a chemical element, is the rarest on the planet. Its share is 4*10 -5%. Despite this, it is found everywhere. Especially a lot of it in the seas, in the waters of the ocean, in the air of coastal zones. The highest concentration of iodine is in seaweed.

Functions of iodine

Promotes normal operation thyroid gland;

Participates in energy metabolism;

affects the maintenance optimal temperature body;

Responsible for fat and protein metabolism;

Necessary for the growth and development of the body;

Affects the stable state of the nervous system.

The role of iodine in the human body is difficult to overestimate. It influences mental activity organism, healthy state skin, teeth, hair, nails. It is extremely important for the healthy growth of children, helps to develop mental abilities. At the same time, the efficiency increases, excessive irritability decreases.

A child who received less iodine in the womb will have developmental deficiencies various bodies. In the future, such children often suffer from developmental delays and neuropsychiatric disorders. At regular sizes thyroid gland and a weak change in hormones is very difficult to determine the disease of the goiter. If symptoms such as: headache, general malaise of the body, pain in the chest, decreased emotional background, and this is not associated with another disease, then you should be examined by an endocrinologist.

lack of iodine

Iodine deficiency mainly affects those regions that live far from maritime climate. In Russia, this is approximately 70% of the total area of the country. People need to self-monitor their intake of food containing iodine. Its value for the body is enormous. Therefore, it is very important to know which foods contain iodine. Especially pregnant women and children. If the body does not have enough of it, then a goiter grows, the gland becomes large.

Symptoms of iodine deficiency:

Infertility;

Risk of miscarriage;

Developmental delay of the child;

The risk of cancer of the gland;

Congenital pathologies.

Signs of iodine deficiency

Endometrial goiter.
Lack of performance.
Rapid fatigue.
Feeling irritable.
Hypothyroidism.

To recognize whether iodine is present in sufficient quantities in the human body, a simple test will help. In the evening, wetting cotton swab alcohol-containing solution, apply strips to a small area of the body. In the morning, carefully consider the place on which the solution was applied. If you don’t find anything there, then accordingly, you urgently need to replenish your supplies by consuming food. Well, if iodine strips remain visible on the body, then you don’t need to use it additionally.

excess iodine

Iodine in the human body is involved in many processes. If a sufficient amount enters it, then the thyroid gland functions normally. But not only its lack is dangerous for the body, but also its overabundance.

Oversaturation in the body can occur due to its improper use, or rather the use of its inorganic type substitute. It is available in tablet form and as part of dietary supplements. Iodine in preparations is rather poorly absorbed by the body. For example, if you eat a lot of fish, seaweed, persimmons and other foods containing trace elements in organic form, then the body manages to absorb it in sufficient quantities, and the remains are excreted naturally.

Well, if you use iodine in medical preparations, then the body absorbs it completely. This can result in oversaturation. It manifests itself as a disease such as hypothyroidism. It is a disease caused by a deficiency or excess of thyroid hormones.

Also, an overdose can be received by a person directly involved in the extraction of this mineral. Symptoms of iodine poisoning:

Irritability of the respiratory tract;

Iododerma is a skin disease;

Salivation, lacrimation;

runny nose, sore throat;

Taste of iron in the mouth;

Nausea, vomiting;

Rapid fatigue, dizziness, tinnitus.

What foods contain iodine? Interesting fact most of them are under water. all kinds of freshwater fish, Marine life, algae, shrimp and more. Most of the iodine people get from food. Foods rich in it can be of both animal and vegetable origin.

But there is another way to deliver it to the body. Through the air The content of iodine in foods is not comparable to its concentration in the air. The inhabitants of the coastal regions were very lucky with this. IN sea air it is found in large quantities.

Animal sources of iodine:

Fish - freshwater, marine;

Seafood - oysters, crabs, shrimps, sea kale;

Dairy products - butter, milk, cottage cheese, fermented baked milk;

Chicken eggs.

Plant sources of iodine:

Fruits - persimmons, apples, grapes;

Vegetables - lettuce, potatoes, tomatoes;

Berries - currants, cranberries;

Cereals - buckwheat, rye, wheat.

The use of iodine in medicine

This microelement has been popular in medicine since ancient times, although it is rarely used in concentrated form. This is an exceptional drug with increased biological activity and all-round action.

It is mainly used as a variety medicines and drugs. Iodine is essential trace element for the natural functioning of the human body. IN medicinal form it is used as an antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory agent. It also has a disinfecting effect on skin diseases, cuts, wounds. It is used orally for atherosclerosis, thyroid disease.

Preparations containing:

Organic iodine - a solution of 5% or 10% alcohol;

Inorganic - "Potassium iodide", "Sodium iodide";

Substances that split - "Iodoform", "Iodinol";

X-ray contrast media.

kidney disease;

Pulmonary tuberculosis;

Individual intolerance to the drug.

Diseases associated with iodine deficiency are among the most common noncommunicable diseases. 1.5 billion people in the world may be deficient in iodine intake, and 655 million due to iodine deficiency suffer from dysfunction and enlargement of the thyroid gland. According to World Organization Health (WHO), 43 million people suffer from iodine deficiency as a result of impaired mental development(oligophrenia) various degrees gravity.

Iodine- a trace element of nutrition, the initial deficiency of which often does not manifest itself clinically. Insufficient intake of iodine with food and water gradually impairs the function of the thyroid gland. Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (thyroid hormones) - thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). This results in an increase in production thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) by the pituitary gland, and under the influence of an increased content of this hormone, the thyroid gland adapts to work in conditions of iodine deficiency. The volume and size of the thyroid gland increases - a goiter is formed - a compensatory reaction to maintain the required concentration of thyroid hormones in the body.

iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter. If further iodine deficiency persists, compensatory mechanisms the thyroid gland is depleted, an increase in TSH production does not lead to an increase in T4 biosynthesis, the function of the gland decreases, hypothyroidism is formed (at the same time, in addition to typical manifestations hypothyroidism - lethargy, drowsiness and lethargy, mental and physical development, intellectual potential). endemic goiter- one of the main causes of knots and thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, mental disorders, reduced fertility, thyrotoxicosis, increased risk of having children with endemic cretinism. Iodine deficiency leads to increased absorption radioactive iodine with unfavorable environmental situation. There are a lot of variants of diseases caused by iodine deficiency, and the risk of violations depends on the age at which the disease began. The most unfortunate consequences of iodine deficiency occur during prenatal period development and in early childhood.

Iodine deficiency is noticeable affects childbearing function women, development of fetus and child. In iodine-deficient regions, miscarriages and stillbirths are more common among women, the number of children born with malformations, asphyxia, and malnutrition increases; increased perinatal and infant mortality. Maternal thyroid hormones are the most important regulators of the formation and maturation of the brain of the unborn child. They provide a complete laying of the main components of the central nervous system in the first three months of pregnancy. At this time, the most important parts of the fetal brain (cortex, corpus callosum, subcortical nuclei, striatum, subarachnoid tract), cochlea auditory analyzer, eyes, facial skeleton, lung tissue.

Further maturation nerve endings during the development of the unborn child, thyroid hormones are also regulated, only of the fetus itself, the thyroid gland of which begins to function after the 12th week of pregnancy. With iodine deficiency, there is a violation of the full supply of the fetus with thyroid hormones, while not only the child's brain suffers, but also hearing, visual memory and speech. At birth, such a child is diagnosed with neurological cretinism: mental retardation, deaf-mutism, strabismus, dwarfism, hypothyroidism.

In healthy people the need for iodine is 120-300 mcg per day. When iodine intake is less than 100 micrograms per day, goiter occurs (compensatory enlargement of the thyroid gland). For the diagnosis of an iodine deficiency state, the excretion of iodine in the urine is analyzed. Iodine excretion in the amount of 25-50 mcg per day indicates a moderate iodine deficiency, less than 25 mcg per day is a sign of severe iodine deficiency.

Almost throughout Russia, there is a more or less pronounced iodine deficiency. The consumption of iodine in almost the entire territory of the central part of Russia is only 40-80 mcg per day. The Moscow region is a zone of weak iodine endemia. Inadequate iodine intake poses a serious threat to the health of 100 million Russians and requires mass group and individual iodine prophylaxis. The problem of iodine deficiency is of medical, social and economic importance and results in significant decline in intellectual, educational and professional potential nation. As one of the main tasks of the world community, the WHO documents on this problem mention the elimination of iodine deficiency on a global scale by the year 2000.

To compensate for the lack of iodine in the diet, methods of individual, group and mass iodine prophylaxis. In 1996, WHO and the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Diseases recommended the following: iodine norms for daily consumption:

50 mcg for children infancy(first 12 months of life);
90 mcg for younger children before school age(from 2 to 6 years);
120 mcg for school-age children (7 to 12 years old);
150 mcg for adults (12 years and older); 200 mcg for pregnant and lactating women.

Natural sources of iodine:

shrimps;
culinary yeast;
canned salmon;
milk;
sea fish (cod, haddock, herring);
sea salt;
seaweed (seaweed salad);
nuts, seeds, cereals;
feijoa;
iodized salt;
oysters and other seafood.

Mass iodine prophylaxis- the most effective and economical method of eliminating iodine deficiency. In many countries, at the state level, they have introduced and are actively promoting targeted programs universal iodine prophylaxis: iodine salts (potassium iodide and potassium iodate) are added to food. Consuming iodized salt (table salt specially fortified with stable potassium iodate), bread, water - enough effective methods prevention. Salt is used everywhere, added to food in not large quantities, which eliminates the possibility of overdose. These measures made it possible to completely eliminate the incidence of goiter in many areas.

Intake of iodized salt cannot compensate for iodine deficiency during pregnancy and lactation, and the expansion of the salt regimen in these conditions is irrational. Well proven appointment during pregnancy and lactation of the drug "Potassium iodide 200 Berlin-Chemie". But the use of drugs does not eliminate the need to replenish the body of a pregnant and lactating woman with other vital elements and vitamins. Currently recommended for pregnant and lactating women multivitamin preparations containing iodine. An example of such preparations containing balanced doses of vitamins, micro- and macroelements, selected taking into account the high needs associated with the development of the fetus and further breastfeeding, are vitamin and mineral complexes"Materna", "Centrum", "Unicap M" and others containing, among other things, 150 micrograms of elemental iodine in one tablet, intended for a single dose per day. continuous prescribing iodine preparations in doses to compensate for iodine deficiency in environment throughout pregnancy and during lactation, prevents the formation of thyroid insufficiency in the developing fetus.

With a lack or absence breast milk the child is transferred to artificial or mixed feeding , as a rule, dry adapted mixtures. Compensation for iodine deficiency in the environment in this case should be carried out by choosing a mixture with a full iodine content. Lots of products for artificial feeding infants do not contain iodine supplements at all. Sufficient quantity iodine, according to pediatricians, contain adapted milk formulas firms "Maria Humana", "Nutritsia", "Valio", "Freezeland Nutrition", "Nestlé", "Hipp". Right choice products containing iodine in quantities that are optimal for mixed and artificial feeding, prevents the development of iodine deficiency diseases in children early age.

After a year, children gradually switch to an adult diet. At the age of 1-2 years, basic eating habits are formed, the rationalization of which helps to develop appropriate tastes and is important element healthy lifestyle life.

For individual prevention iodine deficiencies use drugs that provide a physiological amount of iodine - for example, "Potassium iodide 200 Berlin Chemie", containing 262 μg of potassium iodide per tablet, which corresponds to 200 μg of iodine, that is, the daily physiological dose of this trace element. The drug is taken daily after meals with water. "Potassium iodide 200 Berlin Chemie" has an advantage over preparations containing a weekly dose of iodine, as it provides a daily intake of a physiological dose of iodine without the risk of allergies associated with it. high content. Recommended prophylactic doses: for children - 50-100 mcg (1/4-1/2 table potassium iodide 200 per day), for adolescents and adults - 100-200 mcg per day (1/2-1 table potassium iodide 200 ), during pregnancy and lactation - 200 mcg per day (1 table potassium iodide 200), prevention of recurrence of goiter after surgery for goiter - 100-200 mcg per day (1/2-1 table potassium iodide).

For group iodine prophylaxis are used: adequate nutrition(containing iodine adapted mixtures for infants, iodized salt, etc.) and the use of prophylactic drugs: iodine-containing vitamins (Centrum, Unicap, Materna, etc.). In addition, potassium iodide 200 and other agents containing a physiological amount of iodine (150-200 mcg) can be prescribed. This prophylaxis should be carried out under the supervision of specialists in groups. highest risk iodine deficiency diseases (children, especially young children, adolescents, pregnant and lactating women, organized contingents of residents in iodine-deficient regions: kindergartens, schools, enterprises and institutions).

Endemic goiter and other diseases caused by iodine deficiency are an important medical and social problem. Through interventions to prevent iodine deficiency and endemic goiter can be done at no great cost short time significantly improve the health of the population of large regions of Russia and eliminate iodine deficiency diseases.

History of iodine

The discovery of iodine dates back to 1811, the element was discovered by the Frenchman Bernard Courtois, who at one time was a specialist in soap and saltpeter making. One day, while experimenting with seaweed ash, a chemist noticed that a copper cauldron for evaporating ash is subject to rapid destruction. When ash vapors were mixed with sulfuric acid, vapors of a saturated violet color were formed, which, when precipitated, turned into shiny crystals of a dark “gasoline” color.

Two years later, Joseph Gay-Lussac and Humphry Davy began to study the resulting substance and named it iodine (from the Greek iodes, ioeides - violet, violet).

Iodine is a halogen, belongs to the reactive non-metals, an element of the 17th group of the V period of the periodic table of chemical elements D.I. Mendeleev, has atomic number 53, the accepted designation is I (Iodum).

Being in nature

Iodine is a rather rare element, but, oddly enough, it is present in nature almost everywhere, in any living organism, in sea water, soil, products of plant and animal origin. Traditionally, seaweed provides the largest amount of natural iodine.

Physical and chemical properties

Iodine is solid, in the form of dark purple or black-gray crystals, has a metallic luster and a specific smell. Vapors of iodine - violet, are formed when the microelement is heated, and when it is cooled, they turn into crystals without becoming liquid. To obtain liquid iodine, it must be heated under pressure.

Daily requirement for iodine

For the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, an adult needs 150-200 micrograms of iodine, adolescents, pregnant women and nursing mothers need to increase the amount of iodine entering the body daily to 400 micrograms per day.

The main sources of iodine:

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It must be remembered that during cooking, up to half of the amount of iodine is lost, as well as during long-term storage.

Useful properties of iodine and its effect on the body

Yod is an active participant oxidative processes, which directly affect the stimulation brain activity. Most of the iodine in the human body is concentrated in thyroid gland and plasma. Iodine contributes to the neutralization of unstable microbes, thereby reducing irritability and stress (calorizator). Also, iodine has the property to increase the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels.

Iodine will make dieting easier by burning excess fat, promotes proper growth, gives more energy, improves mental activity, makes hair, nails, skin and teeth healthy.

Signs of iodine deficiency

Lack of iodine is usually observed in regions where there is not enough natural trace elements. Signs of iodine deficiency are fatigue and general weakness, frequent headaches, weight gain, noticeable memory impairment, as well as vision and hearing impairment, conjunctivitis, dry mucous membranes and skin. Deficiency of iodine leads to menstrual cycle in women and a decrease in sexual desire and activity of the male.

Signs of excess iodine

An excess of iodine is no less harmful than its deficiency. Iodine is a toxic microelement; when working with it, you need to be extremely careful to avoid poisoning, which is characterized by severe pain in stomachs, vomiting and diarrhea. With an excess of iodine in the water, the following symptoms are noted: allergic rash and rhinitis, increased sweating with pungent odor, insomnia, increased salivation and swelling of mucous membranes, trembling, cardiopalmus. The most common disease associated with an increased amount of iodine in the body is Graves' disease.

The use of iodine in life

Iodine is mainly used in medicine, in the form of an alcohol solution - to disinfect the skin, speed up the healing of wounds and injuries, and also as an anti-inflammatory agent (an iodine cell is drawn at the site of bruises or during a cough for warmth). With a diluted solution of iodine, gargle with colds.

Iodine has found application in forensics (fingerprints are detected with it), as a component for light sources, and in the production of batteries.

Everyone has ever used an alcohol solution of iodine, some are familiar with it from chemistry lessons. Someone faced a lack of iodine in the body, and someone confuses it with brilliant green. In this article, we have collected answers to the most frequently asked questions about iodine, we hope it will be useful!

When and by whom was iodine discovered

The chemical element "Iodine" was included in the periodic table in 1871.

Like many chemical elements, iodine was discovered by accident in 1811 by the Frenchman Bernard Courtois while obtaining saltpeter from seaweed. As a chemical element, the substance was named "iodine" two years later, and officially entered into the periodic table in 1871.

Where and how is iodine obtained?

in its purest form ( free form) iodine is extremely rare - mainly in Japan and Chile. The main production is made from seaweed (5 kg are obtained from 1 ton of dry kelp), sea water (up to 30 mg per ton of water) or from oil drilling waters (up to 70 mg per ton of water). There is a method for obtaining technical iodine from saltpeter and ash production waste, but the content of the substance in the source materials is not more than 0.4%.

The method of obtaining iodine has two directions.

Seaweed ash is mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid and heated. After evaporation of the moisture, iodine is obtained.
Iodine in liquids (sea or lake salt water, petroleum water) is bound with starch, or silver and copper salts, or kerosene (an outdated method, as it is expensive) into insoluble compounds, and then the water is evaporated. Later they began to use the coal method for extracting iodine.

How iodine affects the human body

Iodine and its derivatives are part of the hormones that affect metabolism human body, its growth and development, so the average person needs to consume up to 0.15 mg of iodine daily. Lack of iodine or its deficiency in the diet leads to thyroid diseases and the development of endemic goiter, hypothyroidism and cretinism.

An indicator of iodine deficiency in the body is fatigue and depressed mood, headache and the so-called "natural laziness", irritability and nervousness, weakening of memory and intelligence. Arrhythmia appears, increased arterial pressure and a drop in hemoglobin levels in the blood. Very toxic - 3 g of the substance is lethal dose for any living organism.

Causes damage in large quantities of cardio-vascular system, kidney and pulmonary edema; there is a cough and a runny nose, lacrimation and pain in the eyes (if it gets on the mucous membrane); general weakness and fever, vomiting and diarrhea, increased heart rate, and heart pain.

How to replenish iodine in the body?

main source natural iodine are seafood, but mined as far as possible from the coast: in coastal strips iodine is washed out of the soil, and its content in the products is negligible. Eat seafood - this can restore the content of the substance in the body to a certain extent.
You can artificially add iodine to edible salt, eat foods containing this trace element - sunflower oil, nutritional supplements.
Pharmacies sell tablets with high content iodine - relatively harmless drugs (for example, iodine-active, antistrumine).
A lot of iodine is found in persimmons and walnuts.

Where is iodine found?

Iodine is present almost everywhere. Most content iodine - in products of marine origin, in sea water itself and salty lake water.
In free form - as a mineral - iodine is present in the thermal springs of volcanoes and natural iodides (lautarite, iodobromite, embolite, myersite). It is found in oil drilling waters, sodium nitrate solutions, saltpeter and potash liquors.

What foods contain iodine

In seafood: fish (cod and halibut) and fish oil, crustaceans and mollusks (scallops, crabs, shrimps, squids, oysters, mussels), sea kale. This is followed by dairy products and chicken eggs, feijoa and persimmon, sweet peppers, peel and kernels of walnuts, black grapes, cereals (buckwheat, corn, wheat, millet), River fish and red beans. Iodine is found in orange and red juices.

Even less iodine soy products(milk, sauce, tofu), onions, garlic, beets, potatoes, carrots, beans, strawberries (about 40-100 times less than in seaweed), but it is.

What foods do not contain iodine

No iodine in baked goods (homemade) using regular iodine-free salt, peeled potatoes, unsalted vegetables (raw and frozen), peanuts, almonds, and egg white. There is practically no iodine in cereals, poor in natural salts; pasta, cocoa powder, white raisins and dark chocolate. It refers to vegetable oils, to soy - including.

Almost all known seasonings in dried form (black pepper, herbs) also do not have iodine-containing components - iodine quickly decomposes (volatilizes) in the open air, which is why iodized salt is usable for only 2 months (if the pack is open).

Carbonated drinks - Coca Cola and its derivatives, wine, black coffee, beer, lemonade - all this also does not contain iodine.

Linen fabrics:

Option 1. Fill up the stain drinking soda, pour vinegar on top and leave for 12 hours, and then wash in warm clean water.

Option 2. Dissolve a teaspoon of ammonia in 0.5 liters of water, and wipe the stain with the resulting solution. Next, wash in warm soapy water.

Option 3. A thick gruel is made from starch in water, applied to the stain and the stain is expected to turn blue. If necessary, repeat again, and wash the product in warm soapy water.

Option 4: Rub the stain raw potatoes and wash in warm soapy water.

Option 5. You can wipe the stain with liquid ascorbic acid(or dissolve the tablet in water), and then wash in soapy water.

Woolen, cotton and silk fabrics:
The stain should be wiped with a hyposulfite solution (a teaspoon per glass of water) and washed in warm water. Can wipe the stain ammonia and stretch in the usual way.

How to wash iodine from the skin

There are several options:

Apply to the skin olive oil or a fat cream that will absorb iodine. After an hour, the iodine is washed off with a body sponge and soap.
Take a bath with sea salt, and at the end they use a washcloth and a baby (household - in last resort) soap.
You can use a scrub instead of a washcloth for delicate skin, and massage the spot with a stain. After that, you can lubricate the skin nourishing cream or milk.
You can apply cotton wool with alcohol, moonshine or vodka for 5 minutes to the stain, and then rub it. The procedure can be repeated several times.
Removes iodine stains by hand washing things or a regular bath with powder or lemon juice.

How to gargle with iodine

The method is quite simple - you need in a glass with warm water add a few drops of iodine until a light brown solution is obtained. But the effect will be better and stronger if you add a teaspoon of soda to the water and table salt. The method has proven itself in the treatment purulent tonsillitis And chronic tonsillitis. The procedure can be repeated 3-4 times a day (with purulent tonsillitis - every 4 hours) for 4 days.

An alcoholic solution of iodine cannot be used to lubricate the throat with angina, such as Iodinol. Otherwise, you will simply burn the mucous membrane.

How to make an iodine grid, how often can you make an iodine grid

You need to take a thin stick with cotton wool, moisten it in a 5% alcohol solution of iodine and draw on the skin intersecting horizontal and vertical stripes in the form of a plate with 1x1cm squares. This is the ideal geometry for the uniform distribution of iodine: it is absorbed quickly and efficiently.

It can be done within a week only two or three times for any diseases.

At what age can you smear with iodine

Doctors do not recommend smearing skin with iodine even in adolescence- iodine burns the skin. But iodine grid(one-time) can be done from the age of five. But there is a more "advanced" and safer version of iodine that can be used and.

Why is iodine in the periodic table, but no brilliant green?

Because brilliant green is a synthetic antiseptic, an aniline dye. The periodic table includes only chemical elements and compounds that exist in nature in their pure form.

iodized salt salt should be replaced ordinary people living in regions of iodine deficiency.

Because this salt helps to restore balance in case of iodine deficiency in the human body, it is the prevention of iodine deficiency diseases in children, pregnant and lactating women, adolescents. Salt with iodine helps prevent the absorption of radioactive components of iodine by the thyroid gland and is a protection against radiation, inflammatory processes and diseases.

How is iodized salt made?

Iodine is added in a certain concentration to sea or lake salt water, mixed with water and only then evaporated.