Causes of irregular periods and treatment of menstrual irregularities. Menstrual disorders: causes

Today, the most common gynecological diseases in women are menstrual irregularities. According to statistics, they occur in every second woman. Menstrual disorders can be one-time, for example, caused by stress, or they can be long-term.

As a rule, the first menstruation in the life of every woman occurs in the period from 12 to 13.5 years. During the first year after the first menstruation, the process of establishing the menstrual cycle takes place, on average there should be at least eight cycles during the year. In the absence of the onset of menstruation in a girl over the age of 14, it is imperative to undergo an examination by a specialist. The normal cycle length is a minimum of 21 days and a maximum of 33 days. The countdown is carried out from the first day of the beginning of one menstruation to the beginning of the next. In this case, the cycle should be regular, the duration of bleeding should be no more than seven days, and the volume of blood loss should not exceed 80-100 ml. Anything that does not fit this description is considered a violation.

Violations of the menstrual cycle of any nature can lead to any disturbances in the reproductive or endocrine system of the female body, therefore, they are a serious reason for visiting a gynecologist and examining the body. This problem must be taken seriously, because if left untreated, menstrual irregularities can lead to the inability to conceive a child naturally.

Common menstrual irregularities.
All menstrual disorders are divided into two large groups: by the type of hypomenstrual syndrome or by the type of hypermenstrual syndrome. One of the most common forms of menstrual irregularities is amenorrhea, which is expressed in the absence of menstruation for more than six months. Another violation of the menstrual cycle is oligomenorrhea, which consists in too rare and scanty menstruation, the interval between which is more than 35 days. In addition, there are disorders such as dysmenorrhea - irregular periods, menorrhagia - excessively heavy menstrual bleeding, polymenorrhea - too frequent menstruation, the interval between which is less than 25 days.

Another common menstrual disorder is dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation. Algodysmenorrhea is expressed in the form of cramping pains in the abdomen and lower back during menstruation and is accompanied by a deterioration in general well-being. It is the most common gynecological disease in 35-57% of women aged 13-48 years. Treatment of algomenorrhea is carried out with anti-inflammatory drugs, general strengthening drugs, acupuncture, laparoscopy are prescribed.

Also, menstrual irregularities include intermenstrual uterine bleeding, as well as the development of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Causes of menstrual irregularities.
As a rule, the causes of menstrual irregularities are similar to each other. All these violations may be the result of a violation of the hormonal background of a woman that has arisen due to gynecological or endocrine diseases, malnutrition, obesity, and underweight women. Another cause of menstrual irregularities can be neoplasms in the form of cysts, polyps in the female reproductive system. In this case, the violation does not depend on the quality of the neoplasm. The most common causes of menstrual irregularities can be called infections of the pelvic organs, as well as inflammatory processes in the vagina or cervix. Thyroid dysfunction can also cause menstrual irregularities. In rare cases, the cause of cycle disorders may be a malfunction of the adrenal glands.

The use of oral or intrauterine contraceptives that are not suitable for a woman, as well as stress or a change in climatic conditions, can cause a cycle disorder.

Hormonal imbalances in the ovaries themselves can also cause cycle disorders. But everything is not so simple here, since inflammation at the moment may not be. Frequent colds in a girl under the age of twelve can lead to hormonal imbalance in the future, thereby leading to menstrual irregularities.

The development of menstrual irregularities is also no less influenced by genetic predisposition, beriberi, mental trauma, gynecological interventions.

Is hormone therapy required?
To date, almost all menstrual disorders can be successfully treated. The sooner a woman seeks help, the easier and more successful the treatment will be. Whether it is necessary to use hormone therapy is decided by the doctor for each patient individually. If there are minor changes in the hormonal background, manifested in the form of small delays (5-10 days) and there is any pathology in the ovaries, then it is more often possible to restore the menstrual cycle using homeopathic preparations in combination with vitamin therapy. Physiotherapy also has a fairly wide application in the treatment of cycle disorders.

However, it will not be possible to obtain a one-time result, since any treatment for menstrual irregularities lasts 9-10 months.

The basis of women's health is a regular monthly cycle. There are times when it crashes. The reasons for this phenomenon are varied. We will consider them further. Although it is best to immediately contact a qualified gynecologist if there are problems with the cycle. After all, self-medication can only harm your health.

Cycle

What is the monthly period from the onset of menstruation to the next. The process of release of an egg ready for fertilization into the fallopian tube is called ovulation. It divides the monthly cycle into the follicular and luteal phases. And what is it? The follicular phase is the period when the follicle matures. By luteal is meant the period of time from ovulation to the onset of menstruation.

For those girls whose cycle lasts 28 days, ovulation usually occurs on the fourteenth day from the start. After her, the level of estrogen drops in a woman. But during this period, bleeding does not yet occur. Since the production of hormones is controlled by the corpus luteum. Strong fluctuations in estrogen in any direction during the period of ovulation can cause uterine bleeding between periods, before or after them.

Cycle calculation

The normal cycle length is 21-37 days. As a rule, most girls have 28 days. The duration of the menstruation itself is approximately three to seven days. If you have had a two-day or three-day failure of menstruation, treatment is not required here. Since such a phenomenon is not a pathology. But if menstruation has not come even seven days after the required period, then you need to contact the doctor for a consultation.

How to calculate cycle? The period of time between the first day of menstruation and the first day of the next is the length of the cycle. In order not to make mistakes in the calculations, it is better to use a calendar on which to mark the beginning and end of menstruation.

Failure symptoms

Let's now look at the signs of menstruation failure:

lack of menstruation;
shortening of the cycle (less than twenty days);
increase in time between periods;
the appearance of bleeding;
plentiful or, on the contrary, meager periods.

Another symptom of failure is the duration of menstruation for more than seven days or less than three.

Adolescence and weight problems

Why did the delay of menstruation occur or did the cycle fail? There can be many reasons. During adolescence, cycle failure often occurs. This problem is quite common among girls. Since their hormonal background is just beginning to be established. If more than two years have passed since the first menstruation, and the failures continue, then you should definitely go to the gynecologist.

Another reason for the failure of menstruation is a strong weight loss (or, conversely, obesity). Starvation and extreme dieting are perceived by the body as hard times. Therefore, it includes natural protection, resulting in a delay in menstruation. Rapid weight gain also has a negative effect on the body. As a result, the cycle may be disrupted.

Acclimatization

What is another known reason for the failure of menstruation? Acclimatization. The reason for the failure is air travel, moving to another time zone. Stress for the body is a sharp change in climate. Usually the cycle is restored after the body gets used to the new living conditions.

Hormonal disbalance

A similar phenomenon is known to every girl) - this is one of the main signs of problems with the hormonal background. This can be caused by problems in the pituitary gland, as well as the hypothalamus. In this case, it is worth contacting an endocrinologist, he will conduct an examination, prescribe the necessary examinations, based on the results of which he will make a diagnosis.

Stress

A common cause of menstruation failure is stress. It often breaks the cycle. During stress, it produces an excessive amount of prolactin. An excess of it inhibits ovulation, resulting in a delay. In this case, doctors recommend getting enough sleep, spending more time outdoors. A gynecologist may prescribe a sedative drug if menstruation fails due to stress. It can be like valerian, and Cyclodinone tablets and others.

Diseases and hormonal contraceptives

Diseases of the female organs also lead to the fact that menstruation fails. Often the cause of this is the pathology of the cervix, inflammation of the uterus itself or the appendages. Another reason for the failure of menstruation is cysts and polyps. All such problems are treated surgically.

Taking hormonal contraceptives or refusing them leads to a failure of the monthly cycle. In this matter, it is worth consulting a doctor. You may need to take a break from taking oral contraceptives.

Pregnancy, lactation

Failure of menstruation after childbirth is also a fairly common occurrence. A similar problem after the appearance of the baby and during the period of breastfeeding is the norm. When lactation stops, the cycle should be restored.

If there is severe pain, consult a doctor immediately. Since the cause of this phenomenon can be an ectopic pregnancy. If it is not determined in time, then it can lead to death due to pain shock and large blood loss when the fallopian tubes rupture.

Premenopause and abortion

Failure of menstruation after 40 is not uncommon. A similar phenomenon may be a harbinger of menopause.

Abortions, regardless of whether they are spontaneous or forced, have a bad effect on the condition of the uterus, causing a delay in menstruation. Sometimes they even cause infertility.

Other reasons

Why is there a delay in menstruation? Also, the cause of this phenomenon can be diseases of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland or infectious diseases. In addition, bad habits (drug use, alcohol, smoking), medication, vitamin deficiency and vaginal injuries lead to cycle failure.

When to see a doctor?

In no case should you postpone a visit to a specialist if:

two years have passed since the beginning of menstruation, and the cycle has not yet been established;
pain during ovulation. Such a symptom most likely indicates rupture of the ovary;
profuse bleeding is observed. Normally, a girl loses no more than 250 ml of blood during the period of menstruation. If more, then this is already a sign of hormonal imbalance. It needs to be treated with drug therapy;
there are regular violations of the cycle (its duration is less than three days or, conversely, exceeds seven days);
there is spotting before and after menstruation. This symptom is indicative of endometriosis.

Diagnostics

How is a patient diagnosed with a menstrual cycle disorder? First, a survey and a gynecological examination are conducted, during which all smears are taken. Also, the patient, if the diagnosis is not made, you need to undergo an ultrasound of the pelvic organs and MRI. In addition, blood is given for hormones. To clarify the diagnosis, the patient is prescribed hysteroscopy, as well as a blood and urine test.

Thanks to all these methods, you can determine the reason why the cycle has gone astray. After the diagnosis is made, appropriate therapy is prescribed.

Treatment

First of all, the disease is treated, which led to the failure of the monthly cycle. As a preventive measure, doctors usually recommend to patients:

eat properly;
eat three to four times a week food that is rich in iron and protein;
sleep at least eight hours a day;
give up smoking and other bad habits;
take vitamins.

When teenage girls experience irregular cycles, doctors often use vitamin therapy. The patient is prescribed ascorbic and folic acid.

With anemia, women are prescribed iron supplements.

If, in addition to the fact that the girl has a broken cycle, she is diagnosed with infertility, then drugs such as Pergonal and Choriogonin are prescribed to stimulate the development of follicles.

When a patient is bleeding heavily, but bleeding disorders are excluded, doctors may prescribe hemostatic drugs. ε-aminocaproic acid is also prescribed.

Even with heavy bleeding, an infusion of plasma is performed. Sometimes donated blood is even practiced.

The last resort for severe bleeding is surgery.

Hormonal drugs and antibiotics are also prescribed.

Failure of the monthly cycle. Possible Complications

Remember that your health depends only on you! Therefore, do not take lightly the fact that there are violations of the monthly cycle. Since such problems can lead to infertility. Frequent cause disability and fatigue.

Late detection of the pathology, which caused the failure of menstruation, can lead to very serious problems and death. Although this could have been avoided if he turned to the doctor in time. Treatment should be carried out under the supervision of a qualified doctor.

A small conclusion

Now you know for what reasons there may be failures in the cycle. As you can see, there are many. They can be quite serious. Therefore, if you have problems with the menstrual cycle, immediately contact a gynecologist.

A lot of women face such a problem as menstrual irregularity. Moreover, this phenomenon does not depend on age, it can be observed both in young girls whose menstruation has just begun, and in mature women due to hormonal failure, injury, and the onset of the disease.

Usually the first menstruation in a girl's life comes at about 12-14 years old. During the first year, the menstrual cycle is only established. On average, a girl goes through at least eight cycles in 12 months. If a girl over the age of 14 does not start her period, she should visit a doctor for an examination.

The normal duration of the menstrual cycle is 21-33 days. It is necessary to start the countdown from the first day of the next menstruation to the beginning of the next. A regular cycle is an indicator of a woman's health. Bleeding should last no more than a week, and the volume of blood lost should be no more than 100 milliliters. Menstruation that does not meet this norm is a violation.

Regardless of the nature of the menstrual disorder, this can cause problems with the functioning of the reproductive or endocrine system. For this reason, any failure in the cycle should be a reason for an early visit to a gynecologist and undergoing the necessary examinations.

Such a phenomenon should be taken very seriously, because if treatment is not carried out in a timely manner, in the future it may be impossible to become pregnant and give birth to a healthy child.

Possible reasons

In most cases, menstrual irregularities are due to hormonal changes. Moreover, it is not a fact that the cause lies precisely in the ovaries: a provoking factor may be a malfunction of the thyroid gland or adrenal glands.

According to WHO statistics, the most common causes of menstrual irregularities are the following:

Inflammation or other damage to the hypothalamic-pituitary region.
Ovarian insufficiency.
Anomalies of the uterus.
Oncology.
Elevated levels of prolactin in the blood.

Dysfunction or pituitary cachexia is a pathological condition that develops as a result of damage to the pituitary gland and hypothalamic nuclei, accompanied by a decrease in hormone production.

In addition, inflammation that affects the pelvic organs can lead to a failure of the menstrual cycle. When the provoking factor is eliminated, the cycle normalizes. The same applies to diseases that are sexually transmitted.

Diseases common today, such as rubella or chickenpox, adversely affect the formation of follicles in the ovaries. The result of this can make itself felt several months, and sometimes even years after recovery.

Violation of the menstrual cycle sometimes indicates the presence of severe pathologies:

endometriosis;
adenomyosis;
polyps;
uterine fibroids;
oncology of the pelvic organs.

In addition, the normal cycle of menstruation can be interrupted due to adverse conditions, which include:

adherence to strict diets;
change in climatic zones;
physical stress;
psycho-emotional stress;
excessive passion for alcoholic beverages;
sexual abstinence for a long time;
the use of certain drugs.

It should also be remembered that problems with the stability of the menstrual cycle can be caused by a hereditary factor.

Is it dangerous?

In no case should such a problem as a failure of the menstrual cycle be left without due attention, since this phenomenon can lead to extremely adverse consequences:

inability to become pregnant and bear a child;
the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia;
a change in the level of hormones, which in turn can provoke the development of other pathologies;
the formation of benign and malignant tumors in the uterus.

How to recover and restore a disturbed menstrual cycle

Treatment should be prescribed by a competent specialist. Therapeutic measures will depend on the identified cause of the failure of the cycle. For accurate diagnosis, the following activities will be carried out:

A survey of a woman, during which it turns out what kind of lifestyle she leads, what diseases she suffered, etc.
Examination by a gynecologist, which also includes an STD test and a flora smear.
Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs and thyroid gland.
HSG (hysterosalpingography) is a method of X-ray diagnostics of diseases of the uterus, as well as fallopian tubes, which is based on the introduction of contrast agents into them.
Hormonal screening, which determines the level of sex hormones in the patient's body.
X-ray of the head (including the Turkish saddle), this procedure will help to identify hypothalamic-pituitary disorders.

Based on the results obtained during the examinations, the doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment, which may include the following:

lifestyle correction;
drug therapy using hormonal agents;
physiotherapy procedures;
phytotherapy;
taking drugs - uterotonics, which reduce blood loss;
curettage of the uterus;
operation.

If you seek medical help in time, the chances that the menstrual cycle will be fully restored, and, therefore, the disease will recede, will be quite high.

It should be noted that even with a disturbed menstrual cycle, a woman can conceive and bear a child. Drug treatment with the use of drugs that stimulate ovulation will help you get pregnant.

What to do if a girl has a problem in adolescence

When a teenage girl has irregular cycles, accompanied by juvenile bleeding - dysfunctional discharge from the uterus, treatment is carried out in two stages.

First, hormonal agents are used, as well as hemostatic drugs - Dicinon, Vikasol.

If the bleeding is quite strong and long, while the girl is concerned about symptoms such as obvious dizziness, passivity and lethargy, a decrease in hemoglobin levels, a curettage procedure may be prescribed. The histology of the scraping is then performed.

The doctor can prescribe hormonal drugs (Novinet, Mercilon), but only on condition that the hemoglobin level is not lower than 80 g / l.

If necessary, they will carry out therapy against iron deficiency anemia (transfusion of blood, erythrocytes, rheopolyglucin). Iron-containing preparations are prescribed.

In adolescence, the duration of taking hormonal drugs should not exceed three months. Anemia therapy is performed until the hemoglobin values are normalized.

With a mild degree of violation, therapy is used using vitamins in the phases of the cycle. In this case, the funds are taken according to the scheme prescribed by the doctor to stimulate the production of hormones in the ovaries. Such treatment involves taking B vitamins in the first phase of the menstrual cycle, and vitamins A, C, E, and folic acid in the second.

What should a girl do if the problem appeared at childbearing age

In this situation, the treatment regimen will be similar to the treatment of menstrual disorders in a teenager. Regardless of age, with severe bleeding, a curettage procedure is performed. This is done both for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment.

Then therapy is carried out using hormonal agents. The woman will have to take combined oral contraceptives according to the standard regimen. Directly with an inferior second phase of the cycle, the doctor can prescribe products containing progesterone - Dufaston or Utrozhestan.

Since cycle disorders can make it impossible to conceive, women of reproductive age are sometimes prescribed Pergonal or Choriogonin, drugs whose action is aimed at stimulating the formation of active follicles. Clomiphene is prescribed to stimulate ovulation.

How to treat bleeding during menopause

If severe bleeding is observed during menopause, the uterine cavity is necessarily scraped out for a woman, since this phenomenon can signal dangerous diseases, including the occurrence of atypical hyperplasia, as well as the development of a cancerous tumor.

In severe cases, the doctor may decide to perform a hysterectomy, a gynecological operation in which the uterus is removed. The procedure is usually performed for a malignant tumor of the uterus, as well as the cervix or ovary.

Folk remedies

With disorders of the menstrual cycle, treatment with the help of traditional medicine is possible. However, before using them, you should consult a doctor.

The choice of remedy will depend on the type of disorder:

With rare menstruation (oligomenorrhea), a remedy is used that is prepared as follows: ½ tsp. grind parsley seeds to a powder. Consume three times a day with half a cup of pure water, to which a little honey is added.
In the absence of menstruation for a long time, for example, for several menstrual cycles (amenorrhea), a remedy based on wormwood is used, which must be carefully crushed. Pour the resulting raw material with one cup of boiling water, and then simply put it in a water bath. After 20 minutes, remove from the stove, cool and strain. Ready broth to drink 100 ml three times a day before meals.
If the monthly periods are long (more than 7 days) and abundant (over 100 ml), you can use this recipe: take the following medicinal plants in the same amount: raspberry leaves, oak bark, goose cinquefoil, strawberry leaves, yarrow. Next, you need to pour a tablespoon of the resulting collection with a glass of cooled boiled water. It remains to insist the medicine for four hours. Then put on the stove, bring to a boil, after 5-7 minutes remove from heat, let cool and strain. Prepared means to drink during the day. The duration of the course of therapy is at least five days.
Also, a remedy prepared on the basis of horsetail will help to normalize a long cycle and reduce blood loss. This plant has long been used for medicinal purposes, due to its hemostatic properties. A spoonful of raw materials should be poured with 500 ml of boiling water, insisted and then drink only a tablespoon at an interval of two hours until the bleeding stops. Then for therapeutic purposes, a spoonful three times a day.
With excessively painful menstruation, herbal collection, consisting of birch leaves, valerian root, mint, buckthorn bark, blackberry leaves, yarrow, helps. So, pour a tablespoon of the composition with 250 ml of boiling water, at least 20-30 minutes. insist, strain well, drink a little throughout the day.

Surgery

Surgery in the treatment of menstrual disorders is resorted to extremely rarely and only in such cases:

when there is severe bleeding, which cannot be stopped in other ways;
if the patient is over 35 years of age.
In this situation, the procedure for curettage of the uterus is performed.

Preventive measures

Prevention is a simpler process than the treatment of a disease that has arisen. The use of drugs in any degree harms the health of a woman. For this reason, several recommendations should be followed in order not to run into problems with the menstrual cycle:

Visit a gynecologist for a preventive examination at least once every six months.
Carefully follow the rules of personal hygiene.
Follow the daily routine (timely rest, avoid increased stress, eat a balanced diet).
Keep a menstrual calendar - this will allow you to detect a failure in a timely manner.
Lead a mobile lifestyle (exercise, walk more in the fresh air).
Timely treat emerging diseases of other systems and internal organs.

Video: 9 reasons for the failure of the menstrual cycle

Violation of the menstrual cycle is a sign of a change in the normal functioning of the genital organs. Suspicions of a violation should cause rare, frequent, too plentiful or meager periods.

In order to recognize the disease in time, a woman needs to be guided in what periods are considered normal. The normal course of menstrual bleeding lasts 3-7 days, and the difference between each new cycle is 21-35 days. Such a large difference between the number of days is associated with the characteristics of each individual organism. A woman should be wary of a delay of at least 2 weeks.

Etiology

Often, the causes of menstrual irregularities are associated with hormonal dysfunction of the ovaries, which provokes an unstable manifestation of bloody discharge. However, the etiology of the disease is associated with many other factors. Psychological and physical stress is one of the most common causes of menstrual irregularities. They affect the functionality of the body, including the female hormonal background. Frequent causes of psychological stressful situations can be overstrain, a change in the usual pace of life, fears, complexes, experiences. Such a violation in the ordinary life of a woman leads to abnormal manifestations of the cycle.

Violation of the menstrual cycle during physical stress is characterized by heavy loads, including organic ones in the daily menu. Hormonal imbalance can also cause a sharp decrease or increase in body weight.

Disruptions in the hormonal background are provoked by any changes, including the exclusion of intimate relationships from a woman's life. Violations can manifest themselves both with a shortage and with the resumption of sexual contacts.

Especially often the cycle is disturbed in girls who have just begun menstruation. This phenomenon is considered normal, since at the beginning of the formation of blood secretions, the adolescent has not yet formed a cycle. The first menstruation may appear at the age of 10-14, in too abundant and prolonged discharge. Over time, the violation of the menstrual cycle in girls subsides, the discharge becomes normal.

However, if women notice any violations, then it is better to consult with them immediately, because then serious pathologies can begin.

In the female body, all organs are very interconnected. In the process of the menstrual cycle, not only the female reproductive system is involved, but also the cerebral cortex, subcortical centers and other organs of the endocrine system. Therefore, the causes may be hidden in the inflammatory processes of other body systems. Violations in the cerebral cortex include such provoking factors:

change of time zone;

Some malfunctions can also occur in the pituitary and hypothalamus, which provoke the appearance of a tumor or viral neuroinfection, which also leads to a disturbed cycle.

Failure in menstruation, according to doctors, can still be caused by such factors:

genetics;
functional disorders;
inflammation of the uterus;
pathologies of other endocrine organs.

Menstrual irregularities are also common after childbirth. This anomalous process contributes. This condition is associated with an increase in the blood levels of prolactin, a hormone that is responsible for the production of breast milk.

Classification

Violation of the menstrual cycle is quite common due to stress and physical overstrain. However, if you do not consult a doctor in time, then a woman may begin to have serious health problems. The etiology of the anomaly can be the most diverse, and all these causes can manifest themselves in different ways. In this regard, clinicians have developed a classification of menstrual disorders, which consists of the following types:

- pathology is formed in spasms in the lower abdomen, aching signs in the lower back, seizures,. The disorder can develop in girls from the age of 14 and throughout life until menopause;
- it is characterized by an unstable course of the cycle, it can manifest itself abruptly, without any special symptoms, or, conversely, there is a long delay;
hypermenorrhea - an excessive amount of discharge with a normal duration;
menorrhagia - menstruation lasts up to 12 days and is characterized by a strong release of blood;
hypomenorrhea - poor bloody discharge;
polymenorrhea - the interval between menstrual bleeding is not more than 21 days;
oligomenorrhea - too short periods of one or two days;
- rare discharge with a large interval of up to 3 months;
proyomenorrhea - a decrease in the menstrual cycle to 21 days, or even less.

Symptoms

Abnormally heavy periods or, conversely, too meager have characteristic symptoms. Any violations in the female body do not pass without a trace, so you can recognize a failure in the cycle by the following signs:

impaired regulation of bleeding;
significant delay;
strong discharge with the presence of clots;
scanty menstruation;
severe pain attacks with a different character;

With the normal manifestation of menstruation, women do not feel significant signs, sometimes pulling ones may appear, which do not particularly disturb the general rhythm of life. However, if a violation of menstruation is detected, then the pain syndrome becomes too strong, it can be given to the lower back and thigh.

The intensity of the syndrome can be determined by the following indicators:

due to loss of working capacity - it is difficult to do the usual work, sit, a constant desire to lie down;
by the number of painkillers.

Violation of the menstrual cycle in adolescents is caused by a strong emotional overstrain from the expectation of bloody discharge. Such a sign is dangerous, since it is almost impossible to establish the cause of the onset of the disease.

Diagnostics

If the above symptoms are detected, a woman definitely needs a diagnosis, within which the following examinations are carried out:

histological analysis of scrapings.

To identify the causes of anomalies in the development of internal genital organs, the patient needs to undergo the following diagnostic methods:

colposcopy;
smear on flora;
pap test;
infectious screening.

In case of urgent need, a biopsy and curettage of the mucous membrane of the cervical canal is prescribed.

If a woman has meager manifestations, then you need to do a study on hormones, as well as on sugar levels. In the event of a complete absence of menstruation, the patient is diagnosed to exclude pregnancy. To do this, you can do the appropriate test.

When establishing diagnoses, especially pregnancy, the doctor may prescribe an analysis for chorionic gonadotropin and ultrasound.

The reason for the absence of menstruation can also be menopause, which occurs in women at the age of 42–47. To determine such a diagnosis, a hormonal study is performed.

Treatment

Treatment of menstrual irregularities is a must for every woman. Therapy is prescribed to the patient depending on the condition, the identified type of anomaly, concomitant ailments and symptoms. If a woman's causes of violations are infection and inflammation, then antibacterial drugs and physiotherapy will help to cope with the pathology. With a weakened body, a constant and balanced diet, sports, as well as vitamin complexes can increase the tone.

Quite a lot of women decide to fight the problem with herbal medicine. Preparations that are based on herbs and natural ingredients act on the body more gently, without provoking various complications.

As for the elimination of menstrual irregularities in women with vitamins, their use is mandatory. If the patient has pathological changes, then doctors advise adhering to the following rules of therapy:

reduce the amount of liquid consumed;
add dairy products to the diet;
use sauerkraut, pumpkin, tomatoes, poultry, beef liver.

To regulate menstruation, doctors prescribe vitamin E in combination with other groups of useful trace elements.

If the violation of the menstrual cycle is provoked by a lesion of the cervix, then the patient is prescribed cardinal treatment. As part of such therapy, the physician first conducts a full diagnosis, and then may prescribe the following surgical methods:

cryodestruction;
laser;
radio wave.

If the anomaly lies in meager and irregular manifestations, then appropriate therapy is prescribed to normalize blood secretions.

Prevention

In order not to start the disease and then not start the treatment of menstrual irregularities, doctors advise all girls and women to monitor their health. Parents of adolescents should remember that girls should have menstruation at the age of 10-14 years, but if their appearance is delayed, then this indicates a pathological process.

Physicians offer such preventive measures:

keep a menstrual calendar;
visit a gynecologist;
engage in therapy of all gynecological diseases, pathologies of the endocrine glands and diseases of internal organs;
balance the menu
play sports and lead an active lifestyle.

With the last point, you should be careful, as excessive sports loads can cause a disrupted cycle.

Menstruation is the main sign of the maturity of the female body, its readiness for procreation. From the first days of life, the first sexual characteristics are born in the mother's stomach in the girl's body. They are designed to continue human reproduction. So, menstruation is called a failed pregnancy.

The onset of menstruation means that the pregnancy has not occurred

Causes of an unstable monthly cycle

With the onset of critical days, the woman realizes that in this cycle her egg was not fertilized until the endometrium was rejected. This is how a woman's menstrual cycle works. The average menstruation lasts from three to seven days, with a cycle regularity of 21 to 35 days. But, what if your cycle is different and has these symptoms:

the duration of the menstrual cycle differs from the average values.
increased / decreased profusion of secretions.
the duration of the menstruation itself is excessively small / large.
menstruation began to be accompanied by copious clots and cutting / stabbing pains.

The consequence of all previous cases is a violation of the menstrual cycle.

But, what is the reason for the appearance in the female body of such a problem as menstrual dysfunction? Consider the most likely causes of these problems in women.

Occupational diseases. Work takes a long time in the life of every woman. A sedentary lifestyle and harmful production also has a detrimental effect on the health of many women.
Emotional shock. Not every woman has a high resistance to stress, which in turn will indirectly affect the menstrual cycle.
Hormonal disorder. The consequence of such a deviation will be incorrect or insufficient production of hormones in the body of women. The causes of such a violation may be based on the instability of the pituitary and hypothalamus or the thyroid gland. Deviations in the work of the genitourinary system are allowed.
Consequence of surgery. The stress transferred by the body also affects the health of women.
Vitamin imbalance. The lack of certain vitamins or minerals hides the causes of irregular periods.
Inflammatory processes and infections. If a sexually transmitted infection has entered your body or inflammation develops in the genitourinary system, a violation of the monthly cycle is a normal symptom of such a disease. Be sure to seek help from a gynecologist.
Change of weather conditions. There are times when a woman, without realizing it, is nervous. This may be due to a move or a change of residence for a vacation or business trip. Changing climatic conditions, sleep patterns and time zones adversely affect a woman's health and her ability to function normally. Do not panic and let the body adapt to new conditions. If your deviation has become only a “one-time action”, then there is essentially nothing to worry about.
Flight. Sometimes women have a negative reaction to their first flights on an airplane. Due to pressure drops on board the aircraft, a violation of the menstrual schedule may occur in the woman's body. But, the percentage of the probability of such an event is insignificantly small.
Sudden weight loss. The body is designed for a certain load. And a sharp loss of kilograms will only aggravate your health. After losing weight, many women experience a decrease in sexual activity, menstrual disorders and problems with the cardiovascular system.
Obesity. Similarly to the previous reason, also rapid weight gain will serve as an indirect cause.
Professional sports often create signs of menstrual disorders in many athletes. The fact is that the female body is not designed for active physical activity and the whole body begins to suffer from overvoltage. They not only break the cycle, but also decrease the chances of having a child in a natural way.
Improper intake of hormonal drugs. It may happen that when taking hormonal contraceptives, you forgot to take a pill in the morning and remember too late. In this case, you should not drink it in the morning, continue to drink according to the regimen, but in no case do not drink these pills in any order. This can disrupt your hormones. Such drugs are potent and non-compliance with the scheme can cause the onset of premature menstruation, or vice versa, provoke pain in the lower abdomen and the formation of blood clots. Consult a gynecologist for how long you can take these drugs, whether they could provoke a violation and how to normalize the cycle in the future.
Pregnancy. The most natural cause of menstrual irregularities. If you notice the absence of menstruation in the prescribed lines and there is a possibility that you had unprotected intercourse during ovulation, feel free to go to the pharmacy. Good news awaits you today.
Abortion or the consequences of labor. If you have had a medical abortion, curettage or miscarriage. Unfortunately, the lost child was still a pregnancy in the body and you need to wait until all internal processes are restored.
Tumors and cystic formations. Such deviations often fail in the menstruation of women. Pay attention to the presence of pain or other symptoms in the body.
Age features. Depending on age, girls and women may have different types of disorders and for them different drugs are used to regulate the cycle.

A missed hormonal contraceptive pill can cause a missed period

In addition to the identified reasons, it is worth talking about the consequences of such violations. Pain, scanty periods or bleeding are signs of disorders in the female body. The appearance of menstrual pain can provoke such deviations, nausea, headache and others.

In addition, there may be increased irritability and depression. Pain during menstruation, heavy bleeding and scanty periods can also be signs of serious illness.

Age-related features of menstrual irregularities

Depending on the age of the woman, she may have different reasons for the failure of menstruation. Consider the most exciting problems of girls and women.

When forming a girl's body, her cycle is far from the average. The appearance of menstruation with different frequency and profusion is associated with the formation of a regular menstrual cycle. In this case, you should not immediately talk about a failure or violation. Until the girl has a stable cycle, then you should not panic.

But if she had a normal menstrual cycle and suddenly it stopped, you need to consult a doctor for advice. Correct diagnosis will help to identify the source of pain and treat it correctly. Having diagnosed one of the types of menstrual irregularities, do not delay treatment. Untreated abnormalities can lead to impaired hormone production, egg production and a possible risk of infertility.

Please note that in the absence of menstruation in girls under 16 years of age, we are talking about primary amenorrhea. If this is not a genetic feature of your family, then you should immediately start treatment.

In case you are over the age of 40, do not be afraid of long delays. In the body, age-related changes and the extinction of reproductive capabilities can begin. The activity of women both for sex and for procreation decreases. The absence of menstruation for 2-3 months between the ages of 40 and 55 indicates that you are entering menopause. And this is also the norm. Pain and migraines fade due to a decrease in hormonal levels. Diagnosis of women of this age indicates a decrease in libido and hormonal changes.

In the absence of menstruation before the age of 16, we are talking about primary amenorrhea.

Types of menstrual irregularities

There is the following classification of menstrual disorders - pathological disorders of the menstrual cycle are divided into the following types:

algomenorrhea - menstruation, in which there is pain during discharge.
amenorrhea is a disease in which there is a cessation of menstruation.
hypermenorrhea is a female disease associated with excessive menstruation.
dysmenorrhea is a disorder that disrupts the menstrual cycle.
oligomenorrhea is a disease of the female genital organs, which manifests itself in the scarcity and rarity of menstruation.
polymenorrhea - menstruation that occurs with a slight break in time.

These diseases indicate pathological changes in the female body and require mandatory and long-term treatment. In the presence of symptoms of any type of menstruation disorder, it is recommended to undergo the necessary examination. In this case, it is proposed to diagnose such organs as:

uterus;
ovaries;
hypothalamus and pituitary gland;
liver, kidneys, adrenal glands;
thyroid.

Diagnosis of these organs can help in determining the "center" of the problem in the body and build the correct treatment regimen.

It is important to know that the absence of menstruation is a symptom of such dangerous diseases as ectopic pregnancy, tuberculosis, uterine tumors, ovarian, and even brain. In this case, immediate assistance is needed.

The kidneys and adrenal glands must be examined in case of disorders of the monthly cycle.

Treatment of NMC: features

Treatment of menstrual disorders is to determine the cause of the failure and its subsequent diagnosis. After conducting clinical tests, hormonal tests and, if necessary, an ultrasound examination, a diagnosis can be determined. Further examination can be carried out by both gynecologists and endocrinologists.

Treatment of a violation of the monthly cycle is aimed at treating the problematic organ or organ system identified in the process of diagnosing the patient. Depending on the cause, there are several ways to treat pain in women.

Drug treatment and physiotherapy are prescribed for inflammatory processes and infections.
In the presence of a hormonal failure of the body, we are talking about hormone therapy.
Surgery is possible if the cause is a different kind of tumor.
Vitamin therapy, a normal and balanced diet, sports are prescribed as a preventive measure. They will help strengthen the weakened body.

No need to endure pain, even if they do not seem critical. Contact a specialist and he will prescribe drugs that completely eliminate the problem!