When the body lacks chromium. Chromium (Cr): all about the chemical element and its role in human life

The human body is a complex mechanism in which everything is interconnected, interdependent and requires clear dosages. If there is a deficiency or excess of any component, this negatively affects the functioning of organs and systems. This also applies to chromium, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the human body.

Let's take a closer look at why the body needs chromium and what irreplaceable functions it performs.

1. The trace element is necessary for the synthesis of carbohydrates - substances that enter the body exclusively with food. They split, thereby releasing energy, without which a full-fledged human life is unthinkable. Chromium plays the role of an assistant in the normal course of these processes. Of particular importance is chromium for weight loss: if carbohydrates are absorbed actively and correctly, then the metabolic process proceeds at a normal speed. This means that excess body fat will not accumulate.
2. Chromium affects, controls and normalizes blood pressure, which is extremely important for people who have high or low blood pressure.
3. The trace element helps the body absorb sugar, thereby maintaining normal glucose levels. This is true for people with diabetes, because if the body has the required amount of chromium, the need for insulin decreases.
4. Chromium also fights harmful substances that accumulate in the body and poison it. The trace element helps to eliminate toxins, as well as radionuclides that appear in the body of cancer patients who have undergone a course of radiation or chemotherapy.
5. Experts call chromium a "builder" of bone tissue, which prevents the development of a disease such as osteoporosis. If the trace element enters the body in the right amount, then the bones remain strong even in old age.
6. If there is an iodine deficiency, then chromium is able to partially replace this trace element.
7. Chromium is also needed for men, since its lack is one of the causes of male infertility and reduced sperm motility.
8. Increases physical endurance, performance and muscle tone.

Daily requirement of the body for chromium

How much of this trace element is needed per day for the normal functioning of organs and systems? It all depends on the age of the person. Let's get acquainted in more detail:

• babies - there is no need for daily intake of chromium in the body, since the microelement accumulated during fetal development and can be consumed up to 12 months;
• babies from 1 to 2 years old - 11 micrograms per day;
• children 3 - 11 years old - 15 mcg / day;
• adolescents from 11 to 14 years old - 25 mcg per day;
• from 14 to 18 years old - 35 mcg per day;
• adults who lead an inactive lifestyle - the daily requirement is up to 50 mcg for women and up to 70 mcg for men;
• adults who have a lot of physical activity or are on treatment need 150 - 250 micrograms of chromium per day;
• future mothers and nursing - from 100 to 150 mcg.

Products - sources of chromium

The table provides a list of foods that contain a large amount of chromium.

Food product name	The amount of chromium in 100 g of the product in mcg
Brewer's yeast	5000
Hazelnut	170
Brazilian nut	100
Poppy	98
Tuna	90
Carp, shrimps, salmon, pollock, herring	55
Corn oil	52
Beef liver	32
dried dates	29
Pear	27
Chicken eggs	25
Broccoli, corn grits	22
Chicken legs, beets	20
Milk	17
Soya	16
Peaches	14
Pearl barley	13
Turkey meat, prunes	11
Beef, potatoes, chicken, beans, millet	10

In addition to this list, a large amount of chromium is found in apples, cherries, plums, grapes, cranberries, sea buckthorn, mountain ash, as well as radishes, beets and tomatoes.

Features of the absorption of chromium by the body

How our body absorbs the trace element chromium is influenced by a number of factors. Let's take a look at them in detail.

1. An insufficient amount of protein, iron in the body, as well as a high level of sugar impair the process of assimilation of the microelement.
2. Carbonated drinks and fast carbohydrates negatively affect the amount of chromium in the body, they “wash it out”.
3. Since calcium weakens the action of chromium, these trace elements cannot be taken together.
4. Iron also does not interact well with chromium due to the fact that iron does not allow chromium to be quickly absorbed and absorbed.
5. It is highly undesirable to combine chromium intake with inhibitors, antacids, ascorbic acid, corticosteroids, beta-blockers, insulin.
6. The trace element chromium is absorbed and properly broken down only in the presence of amino acids that help this process. That is why you need a balanced diet, which is dominated by natural products, which will help the body get enough chromium.

Why is chromium deficiency dangerous?

Chromium deficiency develops for various reasons. Many experts argue that the amount of this trace element in food is very low. This is due to the fact that due to the use of certain types of fertilizers, the soils have become excessively alkaline. However, even if the necessary amount of chromium enters the body with food, the microelement may not be absorbed and quickly excreted. One of the reasons for this failure is a metabolic disorder.

Let's see how dangerous a chromium deficiency is for a person and what are the consequences of a lack of this trace element in the body.

1. If the patient is diagnosed with infectious diseases, atherosclerosis, obesity, lack of protein; if the patient is subject to frequent stressful situations or heavy physical exertion, then the amount of chromium decreases. This is reflected in the condition of the hair, which becomes brittle, dull and begins to fall out.
2. With a lack of chromium, rapid fatigue occurs, sleep is disturbed, causeless anxiety and headaches of varying intensity occur.
3. If chromium deficiency persists for a long time, the sensitivity of the limbs decreases markedly, trembling appears, coordination is disturbed, and diseases of the cardiovascular system develop.
4. Gradually, harmful cholesterol accumulates, begins to destroy and clog blood vessels, and there is a risk of atherosclerosis.
5. The body can no longer absorb glucose normally, so its amount in the blood is either less than normal, or more. Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia develops, which can provoke coronary disease, diabetes mellitus, and sharp fluctuations in weight (some patients lose weight excessively, while others develop obesity of varying degrees). Men experience various reproductive disorders.

In such situations, treatment is required, which is prescribed exclusively by a specialist after the examination. To begin with, you should review the diet, introduce seafood, fresh fruits and vegetables into it. When prescribing drugs, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the dosage, since an excess of chromium is dangerous to health.

Excess chromium

Everything, as you know, is good in moderation. An increased content of chromium in the body, significantly exceeding the standard values, is no less dangerous for the body than a deficiency.

• the body's defenses are reduced;
• there is a risk of poisoning;
• inflammatory processes of various localization develop;
• the liver and lungs are affected;
• nervous disorders appear;
• the skin reacts with dermatitis, eczema, allergies;
• mucous membranes are expressed;
• bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis occur;
• possible development of malignant neoplasms (primarily lung cancer).

Consider when situations may arise, the consequence of which is an excess of chromium in the body.

1. Uncontrolled intake of dietary supplements or medicines with chromium.
2. The human body lacks iron and zinc, which provokes the active absorption of chromium.
3. Work in factories with chromium dust in the air. As well as living in industrial areas where air pollution is noted with this microelement.

If symptoms of a deficiency or excess of chromium in the human body develop, it is necessary to seek medical help. Only a specialist can realistically assess the patient's condition and prescribe appropriate treatment by conducting a preliminary examination. It is strongly not recommended to self-medicate.

Not everyone will be able to assume that problems with the work of the body provoked lack of chromium in the body- symptoms, treatment in this case, it is better to know ahead of time and for sure in order to prevent the occurrence of more serious diseases in a timely manner. The fact is that the lack of chromium in the body disrupts carbohydrate metabolism in it. At the same time, the element itself enters the body only with food, but only a tenth of it is absorbed by the intestines. But it is actively excreted through the sword-excreting and sweat-excreting systems of the body.

Chromium itself is needed by the body for:

Normal functioning of insulin receptors. In case of violation, diabetes mellitus develops;
penetration of glucose and amino acids into cells;
reducing cravings for sweets;
wound healing and scarring of ulcers;
reducing the risk of atherosclerosis;
stimulation of metabolic processes in the myocardium and nervous system;
inhibition of glaucoma;
normalization of libido;
reducing depression.

A lack of chromium in the body is said to occur when its daily intake in adults is less than 25 micrograms. This happens during pregnancy, physical overload, trauma, stress, infectious diseases.

Causes of Chromium Deficiency

The causes of chromium deficiency are believed to be:

Aging;
surgical operations;
pregnancy;
prolonged stress;
elevated calcium levels;
a decrease in protein levels;
intestinal diseases, due to which absorption is disturbed;
iron deficiency;
too many refined foods in the diet;
excess sugar in the diet;
deficiency of chromium-containing products;
severe injuries.

Symptoms of chromium deficiency in the body

The lack of chromium in the body is manifested as individual symptoms, such as feelings of anxiety, fear, constant and unreasonable fatigue, and general symptoms inherent in other diseases. For example, thirst, excessive urination, weight gain, which usually accompany diabetes. Also, a lack of chromium can be indicated by an increase in appetite, especially when it comes to sweets. As for men, sperm activity may be reduced.

Diagnosis and treatment

The most accurate diagnosis is a mineralogram. In this case, the lack of chromium is determined by the composition of various substances in the patient's hair and nails. On its basis, appropriate treatment is prescribed. It consists of both taking medications and correcting nutrition.

Diet hard make up for the lack of chromium in the body because it is hard to absorb. But all the same, nutritionists recommend “leaning on” foods such as fish, meat, including poultry, shrimp and their offal. Do not give up bakery products, bran and pearl barley. From vegetables it is better to give preference to broccoli and beets. It should also be taken into account that the more intense the heat treatment of these products, the less rum remains in them.

When drug treatment is prescribed to replenish chromium, it must be borne in mind that there are no drugs containing exclusively chromium. It is always included in molecules with various other compounds.

Prevention of chromium deficiency

However, chromium deficiency can be prevented, and in a fairly simple and affordable way. First, you need to saturate your diet with those foods in which the chromium content is as high as possible. Secondly, it is necessary to take various multivitamin complexes. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure that they include, among other things, chromium. This is especially true for pregnant women and the elderly, as well as those who are constantly exposed to excessively intense mental and physical stress. Here is an easy way to make up lack of chromium in the body– symptoms are difficult to identify, so it is better to pay attention to prevention.

Chromium is essential for our body in certain doses, but if it is too much, it is dangerous.

It is believed that the norm for an adult is 150 mg per day. Chromium is especially useful for older people whose body does not absorb carbohydrates well. And we must know that it is chromium that enhances the metabolism of carbohydrate compounds.

So, a certain chromium compound facilitates the penetration of glucose through the membrane into cells. This is the so-called glucose tolerance factor (GTF). Our body is able to produce GTP, but in very small quantities.

If there is not enough chromium in the body, cholesterol and sugar levels rise. Vitamin B6 has similar properties.

The biological effect of chromium: regulating blood glucose levels, thermogenic, anti-atherosclerotic, wound healing and ulcer healing, improving myocardial metabolism and nervous tissue metabolism, improving sexual functions, etc.

It has long been proven in many experiments that chromium is capable of pronounced prolong life .
Life extension is caused by the following effects:

1. Increases the effectiveness of the hormone insulin. Chromium lowers the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Promotes the use of glucose for energy production and ensuring the full functioning of the body.
Let's remember that glucose helps to glue the most important molecules in the body. After that, the molecules lose their ability to perform their functions. This process is called glycosylation. According to the ability to destroy the body, experts put it in second place after the damaging effects of free radicals.
One of the most effective ways to prolong life is a calorie-restricted diet. Part of its ability to prolong life is due to its ability to lower blood glucose levels. It is also known that blood sugar lowering drugs used in diabetes prolong the life of animals by 25%, approximately. Having studied a large amount of information, I can say that almost the same effect can be expected from the most effective chromium preparations. Of course, it is important to use high enough dosages.

2. Chromium improves the ratio of HDL/LDL cholesterol.
Recall that it is on this ratio that the occurrence of atherosclerosis, which in many countries is the number one cause of death, depends.

3. Chromium promotes the conversion of fat into muscle mass.
For this reason, chromium is actively used by athletes. But this property is very important for us. As we age, our muscles weaken and our body fat grows. Chrome is able to delay the onset of this problem.

How does chromium affect the human body?

In 1973, Canadian doctor Edward Konietzko reported that chromium, taken at 1 mg every other day, zinc (50 mg daily) and cystine (5 mg daily) could prevent and even treat cataracts. However, chromium and zinc must be combined with amino acids, since only in this way can they be converted into a digestible form. What does this mean? Only that amino acids are found only in plants, and trace elements are absorbed only in organic compounds. Therefore, all these sources must be sought in "live" natural products, and not in drugs. It must be remembered by everyone, especially the elderly: the lack of chromium can be replenished with healthy food that has not been refined by industrial methods.

We must consume these foods at least once a week. Every day you can eat potatoes boiled in their skins, fresh vegetables, wholemeal bread. And pasta, corn flakes, milk, butter, margarine, sugar can be completely excluded: they are poor in many trace elements, including chromium.

Pregnant women and nursing mothers, diabetics, people over 45 years old, and especially after fractures, are recommended to supplement the diet with chromium, that is, take 12-16 tablets daily - 3 tablespoons of brewer's yeast powder. Never forget: pre-brew brewer's yeast with boiling water and leave for 15 - 30 minutes before drinking.

Undoubtedly, chromium is central to sugar metabolism.

Although many years of practice have shown that limiting carbohydrate intake is the easiest, most reliable way to get around the disease bypassing the disease, chromium is the best tool for its nutritional treatment. When taken regularly, this micronutrient has a significant healing effect on a range of health conditions that cause or exacerbate insulin resistance - including obesity, hypoglycemia (unstable blood sugar levels), stroke, hypertension, Crohn's disease and colitis, ulcers, gastritis, multiple sclerosis , Minier's disease, migraines, premenstrual syndrome, epilepsy and a host of mental disorders.

Studies have shown that chromium acts in several ways:

* By reducing sugar cravings, chromium makes it easier to stick to a low-carb diet.
* Even without dieting, the mineral can increase the overall musculoskeletal mass of the body, which in turn speeds up the metabolism and burns excess fat.
* Chromium helps prevent muscle loss if you intentionally limit your calorie intake.
* The mineral contributes to the burning of calories during exercise, which makes it even easier to lose weight. Training also increases the release of chromium from the body, increasing your need for supplementation.

The therapeutic value of chromium in other areas is not as well established as in cases of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension, but it may extend to many other conditions. For example, it may relieve chronic headaches and help treat acne, which appears to be due in part to impaired insulin metabolism. Chromium strengthens bones by increasing levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and therefore it can be part of an osteoporosis treatment program. And although we cannot say that chromium prevents glaucoma, it can (along with vitamin C) inhibit the increase in intraocular pressure.

The most important biological role of the trace element chromium is in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and blood glucose levels, since chromium is a component of a low molecular weight organic complex - the "glucose tolerance factor" (Glucose Tolerance Factor, GTF). It normalizes the permeability of cell membranes for glucose, the processes of its use by cells and deposition, and in this regard, functions together with insulin.It is assumed that they form a complex that regulates blood glucose levels.Chromium increases the sensitivity of cell tissue receptors to insulin, facilitating their interaction and reducing the body's need for insulin.It is able to enhance the action of insulin in all metabolic processes regulated by this hormone.Therefore, chromium is necessary for patients with diabetes mellitus (especially type II), since its blood level in such patients is lower.Moreover, a high deficiency of this trace element can cause a diabetes-like state.Chromium levels decrease in women during pregnancy and after childbirth. This chromium deficiency may explain diabetes in pregnancy, although this is hardly the only cause. Chromium deficiency in the body, in addition to increasing blood glucose levels, leads to an increase in triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood plasma and ultimately to atherosclerosis. The effect of chromium on lipid metabolism is also mediated by its regulatory effect on insulin function. In connection with the above, chromium is of great importance for the prevention of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Chromium is found in:
Wheat bran, germ, sprouted wheat grains, fermented milk products, wheat germ, sunflower seeds, bran bread, buckwheat, green peas, corn oil, onion, oatmeal, pearl barley, millet, brewer's yeast, pumpkin seeds, cherries , Jerusalem artichoke, legumes, potatoes, corn, blueberries, radishes, rice, plums, milk.

Information from sites: vitash.narod.ru/food13.htm, www.bessmertie.ru/vk.lek6.shtml, www.inmoment.ru/beauty/health-body/chrome.html

The fact that the parts of cars or bicycles made of chrome are beautiful and shiny, even we women know. But the fact that this metal is needed not only in mechanical engineering, but also contributes to human health, not many people know. If you're wondering why chromium in the body read the article.

Main chrome features consist in the fact that it, by activating the enzymes involved in metabolism, increases the activity of insulin. In simple words: regulates the level. Therefore, its sufficient amount is so important not only for diabetics, but also for the prevention of atherosclerosis.

Influencing the synthesis of fatty acids and hematopoietic processes, the microelement lowers cholesterol levels, prevents the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, breaks down excess fat, that is, not only health, but also the harmony of our figure depends on it. About six milligrams of chromium is found in the human body in the form of ions. It is present in almost all tissues, in every cell. The main accumulation is in such organs as the liver, spleen, bone tissue.

Have you noticed that it is among the elderly that type 2 diabetes is prevalent? And chromium is to blame for this, the concentration of which decreases with age. Type II disease can be prevented by giving the body a sufficient amount of the trace element. Interestingly, chromium can replace iodine, which for some reason is not enough in the body. This is important for the normal functioning of the thyroid gland.

Hypertensive patients should be aware that the development of the disease is affected by chromium deficiency, which disrupts the ability to include such important amino acids as glycine, serine, methionine and γ-aminobutyric acid into the heart muscle. By the way, one of the reasons for the development of neuropathy is non-inflammatory damage to the nerves; chromium deficiency is also considered. The lack of an element in children leads to a delay in growth and development, and in men it reduces the fertilizing ability of spermatozoa.

In order not to talk for a long time about the benefits of a microelement, let's dwell on what diseases it prevents. The main direction is the prevention of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, hypertension, osteoporosis, obesity, an excess of lipids in the blood - hyperlipidemia, stress resistance. Add here the removal of toxins, salts of heavy metals, radionuclides from the body.

It is important for a modern person to satisfy the daily need for chromium, as its consumption increases in situations of stress that we encounter daily, both at work and at home. The use of foods with an excess of simple carbohydrates also requires additional intake of chromium in the body. It is necessary for intense physical work, injuries and various infections.

The element enters the body, naturally, with food, as well as water and air. Foods rich in chromium - meat, beef liver, nuts, beets, broccoli, sea fish, especially tuna, pears, peaches, prunes, brewer's yeast, etc. It would seem that it’s difficult, eat right and you don’t have to think about a chromium deficiency. Not everything is so simple, because it is absorbed from food by only one percent. Our taste preferences in the form of fine flour products, processed cereals, sugar, sweets, and various carbonated drinks contribute to the chromium hunger. Heat treatment also negatively affects the absorption of chromium from products.

As yet not just in our body. Various chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and disorders associated with metabolism can interfere with the absorption of a microelement from foods. The connection with other minerals plays a role - calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, etc. Their combined action greatly exceeds the effectiveness of each. Poorly absorbed chromium with a lack of vitamin C and nicotinic acid (vitamin B3). The abuse of diuretics also leads to an increase in the loss of chromium, which is excreted in the urine.

Which symptoms of chromium deficiency in the body, should pay attention? Firstly, it is an increase in the level of sugar, triglycerides in the blood. Secondly, a change in body weight, both in the direction of obesity and weight loss. There are other symptoms that are either ignored or attributed to other diseases. These are insomnia, fatigue, a state of anxiety (anxiety), headaches, impaired muscle coordination and reduced sensitivity of the limbs. In men - a violation of the reproductive function.

Unfortunately, both a lack of a mineral and its excess are dangerous to health, which can lead to poisoning and the development of serious diseases. As you understand, it is almost impossible to get an excess with food. In this case, the reason is the lack of adequate air purification at industrial enterprises that use chromium, copper or slags with their content in production. Chrome dust, getting on the mucous membranes, provokes allergies, eczema, dermatitis, asthma, bronchitis, increasing the risk of developing lung cancer.

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Chromium is essential for our body. After all, this macronutrient affects such a key process for its life as carbohydrate metabolism. But not every patient and even a doctor will associate the violations that have appeared with a lack of chromium.

Chromium enters our body with food. But every day it is excreted in the urine, lost along with sweat, falling hair and bile, which is a component of feces, and its absorption from the intestines is small (less than 10% of chromium contained in food).

Meanwhile, chromium is extremely important because:

• affects the ability of insulin receptors to adequately interact with the hormone insulin (it is this process that changes when it occurs), affecting blood glucose levels;
• enhances the entry of amino acids and glucose into different cells of the body;
• reduces cravings for sweets;
• stimulates scarring of ulcers and wound healing;
• has an anti-atherosclerotic effect;
• improves metabolic processes in the nervous system and myocardium;
• in combination with vitamin C inhibits the progression of glaucoma;
• normalizes libido;
• helps with depression.

All these positive effects of chromium are possible only with the full replenishment of the daily requirement for the mineral, which in adults varies from 25 to 200 micrograms. It increases with infectious diseases, stress, trauma, physical overload, pregnancy, sports.

Reasons for deficiency

Chronic bowel disease disrupts absorption processes, which can lead to chromium deficiency in the body.

Chromium deficiency can lead to:

• severe injuries (especially extensive or deep burns);
• unbalanced diet with a shortage of products - suppliers of chromium;
• excess sugar in the diet;
• the predominance of refined foods in the diet (for example, fine flour);
• , which is accompanied by inhibition of the absorption of chromium in the intestine;
• diseases leading to intestinal absorption disorder (, serious intestinal infections, sprue, etc.);
• lack of protein in the body (albumin protein normally delivers chromium to those places where it is needed);
• taking large doses of calcium;
• prolonged stress;
• pregnancy;
• complex surgical operations;
• aging.

Symptoms

Chromium deficiency is clinically manifested by the following symptoms:

• symptoms inherent in diabetes mellitus (thirst, excessive urination, etc.);
• weight gain;
• increased appetite (especially for sweet foods);
• feeling of fear, anxiety;
• decrease in the fertilizing activity of spermatozoa;

In the blood of such patients, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and insulin may increase.

Diagnostics

In addition to the described clinical signs, an analysis of the composition of nails and hair helps to detect a lack of chromium (the mineralogram specifies the concentration of chromium and other important substances).

Treatment

In the case of the presence of clinical and laboratory signs and confirmation of chromium deficiency according to the results of the mineralogram, the patients are given an appropriate correction. It includes both dietary changes and medications.

diet therapy

The largest amount of chromium is found in fish and shrimp.

Unfortunately, the possibilities for dietary replacement of chromium are limited due to its low absorption. But still, for medicinal purposes, nutritionists advise increasing the amount of food sources of chromium in the diet. They are rich:

• fish (tuna, carp, capelin, catfish, herring, mackerel, carp, salmon, crucian carp, flounder);
• shrimps;
• red meat and offal (especially beef liver);
• poultry meat (turkey, duck);
• whole grain products (bakery products);
• bran;
• beet;
• broccoli;
• pearl barley.

At the same time, it should be taken into account that the amount of chromium in these products decreases with intensive heat treatment. In addition, an excess of simple carbohydrates (sweets) leads to an increase in the excretion of valuable chromium.

Drug treatment

Despite the assurances of manufacturers of various biological additives, there are no products containing “pure” chromium. In all preparations, including drugs, it is in combination with molecules of other substances (chromium chloride, chromium citrate, chromium nicotinate, chromium picolinate, etc.).

So, it is included in many complex vitamin and mineral medicines (Supradin, Multi-tabs, Centrum, etc.).

Prevention

The occurrence of a lack of chromium can be tried to anticipate:

• timely and long-term inclusion of foods with a large amount of it in your diet;
• periodic courses of multivitamin-mineral preparations or biological supplements with chromium.

These simple measures are especially indicated for those who can be attributed to risk groups for the development of mineral deficiency (future mothers, athletes, the elderly, people undergoing excessive psycho-emotional or physical stress, who have had intestinal infections).

Which doctor to contact

Chromium deficiency is difficult to diagnose. To identify it, you should contact a therapist, as well as consult a gastroenterologist, andrologist, endocrinologist. A nutritionist can help with treatment.