Where is iodine found, features of its use. What is iodine made from? Processing natural iodine accumulators How iodine is mined and obtained

100 ml of the drug contains

active substance - iodine 5.0 g

excipients - potassium iodide,

ethyl alcohol 95%, purified water up to 100 ml

Description

Transparent liquid of red-brown color with a characteristic odor.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Antiseptics and disinfectants. Iodine preparations.

ATX code D08AG03

Pharmacological properties

Antiseptic. The main active ingredient is molecular iodine, which has antiseptic properties. When applied to large areas of the skin, iodine has a resorptive effect: it affects the functions of the thyroid gland. The local effect is due to the ability of elemental iodine to precipitate tissue proteins. A drug that removes elemental iodine has a much less pronounced irritant effect. The effect of the drug on metabolism is manifested by increased dissimilation processes.

Indications for use

For local use in surgical practice

Treatment of abrasions, cuts, small wounds

Directions for use and doses

Externally, treat damaged skin areas. Locally: when treating the surgical field, the skin is wiped twice with a sterile gauze swab soaked in the solution. The total processing time is 4-6 minutes. For local use, gauze pads are pre-moistened with iodine solution and applied to the affected skin surface for at least 2 minutes.

Side effects

Allergic reaction to iodine (skin itching, flushing, urticaria, skin irritation)

Quincke's edema, intradermal hemorrhages, purpura

Fever, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to iodine

Thyroid diseases

Use simultaneously with lithium preparation

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Drug interactions

Iodine use affects the results of thyroid function tests. Pharmaceutically incompatible with essential oils and enzymes. An alkaline or acidic environment, the presence of fat, pus, and blood weaken the antiseptic activity of the drug.

special instructions

Avoid prolonged use.

For external use only.

Do not cover iodine solutions applied to the skin with occlusive dressings.

Do not use on large, open wounds.

When used together with yellow mercury ointment, the formation of mercury iodide, which has a cauterizing effect, is possible.

Use in pediatrics

Pregnancy and lactation

It is possible to use the drug as prescribed by a doctor.

Features of the effect of the drug on the ability to drive a vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms

Does not affect

Overdose

Do not use internally! In case of accidental use internally.

Symptoms: unpleasant metallic taste in the mouth, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, thirst, headache. The lethal dose of iodine is 2-3g. Treatment: symptomatic treatment of allergic reactions; in case of acute poisoning, abundant consumption of milk and vegetable starch, activated carbon, and the use of sodium thiosulfate solution are recommended

1% or 5%. The lack of electrolytes and water must be compensated.

Pethidine or morphine sulfate can be used to relieve pain, only under medical supervision. If necessary, tracheotomy.

What is the role of iodine for our body? Many of us are accustomed to seeing this drug as an antiseptic of the pharmaceutical industry. In fact, it belongs to a group of useful microelements that are responsible for a huge number of functions in our body.

A low level of this substance leads to hormonal imbalance. This affects the emotional and physical state of a person.

Composition and indications for use

The composition of the drug consists of potassium iodide and ethanol. These components are a solid molecular lattice. The liquid has a purple tint and a pungent odor. When applied externally, it has an antiseptic effect, as a result of which up to 95% of pathogenic microflora is destroyed.

The use of iodine internally has a positive effect on the functioning of the thyroid gland. The composition helps enhance dissimilation processes, stimulates the production of the terrotoxin hormone, and also triggers tissue metabolism processes.

An incorrectly selected dosage can provoke excessive accumulation of radioactive substances in the tissues of the thyroid gland. Here, impaired production of vital hormones is noted. This entails the development of pathological processes that can cause ovarian or pituitary dysfunction.

WHAT IS IODINE USEFUL FOR THE HUMAN BODY?

The drug is intended for patients with the following symptoms:

• infectious - inflammatory processes on the mucous membranes;
• neuralgia;
• myositis;
• syphilis;
• atherosclerosis of the vascular system;
• excess cholesterol;
• laryngitis;
• intoxication of the body with heavy metals;
• ozena;
• disease of the cardiac system.

IMPORTANT: “Before starting therapeutic treatment, it is recommended to seek help from a medical doctor. The specialist will select the optimal dosage based on clinical indications and medical tests. An incorrectly selected dose can provoke the emergence of new pathological foci in the body.”

How is iodine extracted and obtained?

Where do microelements iodine come from? Today, several methods are known for producing potassium iodide on an industrial scale. Each of them differs in its technology and the resulting volume.

HOW IS IODINE OBTAINED? There are several methods for extracting useful microelements. These include:

Processing of natural raw materials. Sea kelp is used here. It has been scientifically proven that 1 ton of dried seaweed contains up to 6 kg of iodine, while sea water is saturated with only 50 mg. Until the end of the 70s of the 19th century, this method of obtaining a natural trace element was considered one of the best;

Obtaining iodine from nitrate waste. They contain up to 0.5% iodized minerals and potassium iodide. This method of obtaining microelements began to be used in mid-1867. The main advantage of this method was its minimal cost. As a result of this, it has gained wide popularity among manufacturers all over the world;

Extraction from natural solutions. To do this, use salty sea water or liquid from oil settling tanks. These solutions contain up to 50 mg/l of iodide. Up to 100 mg/l of liquid is fixed in oil solutions;

Ionite iodination. This extraction method is based on chemical reactions, which result in selective absorption of iodinated molecules.

Contraindications and side effects

There are a number of medical contraindications to the use of this drug. For example, dry iodine often causes individual intolerance to one of the components of the composition. As a result, a person experiences a severe allergic reaction in the form of redness and rashes.

People with the following diseases are prohibited from consuming iodine in water. These include:

• duodenal ulcer;
• diabetes;
• nephrosis;
• tuberculosis of the kidneys and lungs;
• furunculosis;
• diathesis of hemorrhagic environment;
• hives;
• acne;
• acne.

Improper use of radioactive iodine solution can cause adverse reactions in the body. These include:

• Quincke's edema;
• lacrimation;
• local application is accompanied by redness of the skin;
• hives;
• heavy salivation;
• increased sweating;
• tachycardia;
• diarrhea;
• increased nervousness.

If such symptoms are detected, it is necessary to seek appropriate help as soon as possible.

Where is the chemical element found?

In the periodic table, iodine is number 53. Under normal conditions, this chemical type of non-metal appears as dark purple crystals that have a pungent and specific odor. This substance belongs to the group of active collagens.

Today you can get your daily dose of the substance from food. In some of them, the iodine content can reach the maximum permissible level. Excessive content of this microelement affects the psycho-emotional state of a person. He becomes too irritable or, conversely, passive.

Foods high in iodide include:

• fish;
• sea ​​shellfish;
• crabs;
• squid;
• kelp;
• green apples;
• sea ​​herring;
• hard cheese;
• dairy products;
• mushrooms.

Products that do not contain iodine include:

• sugar;
• canned goods;
• fruit jelly;
• paste.

Composition of the medicinal product Iodine

The active substance is iodine. The alcohol solution contains 5 g of iodine, 2 g of potassium iodide, water and 95% alcohol in equal parts up to 100 ml. pharmachologic effect

Dosage form

substance-plates

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Products containing iodine

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacological action - antiseptic, antimicrobial, distractive, hypolipidemic. Coagulates proteins to form iodamines. Partially absorbed. The absorbed part penetrates tissues and organs and is selectively absorbed by the thyroid gland. It is secreted by the kidneys (mainly), intestines, sweat and mammary glands. It has a bactericidal effect, has tanning and cauterizing properties. Irritates skin and mucous membrane receptors. Participates in the synthesis of thyroxine, enhances dissimilation processes, has a beneficial effect on lipid and protein metabolism (reducing cholesterol and LDL levels).

Iodine - indications for use

Inflammatory and other diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, abrasions, cuts, microtraumas, myositis, neuralgia, inflammatory infiltrates, atherosclerosis, syphilis (tertiary), chronic atrophic laryngitis, ozena, hyperthyroidism, endemic goiter, chronic lead and mercury poisoning; disinfection of the skin of the surgical field, wound edges, and surgeon's fingers.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity; for oral administration - pulmonary tuberculosis, nephritis, furunculosis, acne, chronic pyoderma, hemorrhagic diathesis, urticaria; pregnancy, childhood (up to 5 years).

Cautions for use

When used in combination with yellow mercury ointment, the formation of mercury iodide in the tear fluid, which has a cauterizing effect, is possible.

Interactions with drugs

Pharmaceutically incompatible with essential oils, ammonia solutions, white sedimentary mercury (an explosive mixture is formed). Reduces the hypothyroid and goitrogenic effects of lithium preparations.

Side effects

Iodism (runny nose, skin rashes like urticaria, drooling, lacrimation, etc.).

Overdose

When inhaling vapors - damage to the upper respiratory tract (burn, laryngobronchospasm); if concentrated solutions get inside - severe burns of the digestive tract, development of hemolysis, hemoglobinuria; the lethal dose is about 3 g. Treatment: the stomach is washed with 0.5% sodium thiosulfate solution, sodium thiosulfate 30% is injected intravenously - up to 300 ml.

Iodine preparations are agents that have a disinfectant and antiseptic effect, affecting tissue metabolism. Iodine is necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones and its full functioning. The microelement is not produced by the body, so normal life requires its supply from the outside - with food or as part of preparations containing iodine.

Release form and composition

An alcoholic 5% solution of iodine for external use, transparent, red-brown in color, is available in glass bottles of 100 and 50 ml or in ampoules of 1 ml, 10 pieces per package. The dietary supplement Iodine active is sold in tablets of 200, 80 or 40 pieces per package, one tablet contains 50 mcg of iodine, the drug also contains lactose, skimmed milk powder and calcium stearate. Radioactive iodine (I131) is available in capsules for oral administration.

Pharmacological action of iodine

When used locally and externally, iodine is used as an antimicrobial, antiseptic, cauterizing agent, and also has a resorptive effect (when treating large areas of skin). When using iodine preparations internally, the processes of protein and lipid metabolism are normalized, the drug accumulates in the thyroid gland, affecting its activity, the hormone thyroxine is synthesized, and dissimilation processes are activated. The most popular among such drugs is the biological additive Iodine active. The product, as indicated in the instructions, is an organic iodine compound built into the milk protein molecule. The drug prevents iodine deficiency, since it is an analogue of a natural compound obtained from mother's milk, and has unique properties - if there is a deficiency of the microelement in the body, iodine is absorbed, and if there is excess, it is excreted naturally (without accumulating in the thyroid gland). The use of radioactive iodine is due to the ability of thyroid cells to capture and retain the trace element, which then irradiates and destroys tumor cells. The use of this method of treatment with iodine proceeds without complications and with a high therapeutic effect.

Indications for use

For external use, alcohol solutions of iodine are used as antiseptic, antimicrobial, irritating drugs for the treatment of wounds, injuries, infectious and inflammatory skin lesions, myositis, and neuralgia. Local treatment with iodine is carried out for:

• Chronic tonsillitis;
• Purulent otitis;
• Infected burns;
• Atrophic rhinitis;
• Thermal and chemical burns.

The use of iodine internally is indicated for the prevention and treatment of thyroid diseases, atherosclerosis, tertiary syphilis, chronic lead and mercury poisoning. Radioactive iodine is used for diagnosis in diseases of the thyroid gland, in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis, follicular and papillary thyroid cancer, and in case of relapse of diseases after surgery.

Directions for use and dosage

When using iodine solution externally, lubricate the affected skin surface with cotton swabs with the required amount of the drug. When applied topically, the medication is usually prescribed for 4-5 procedures for washing the supratonsillar space and lacunae, with an interval of 2-3 days, as well as for treating the nasopharynx and ears for 14-20 days, 2-3 times with the same interval. To treat burns, gauze bandages soaked in the product are applied to the affected areas as needed. Iodine active tablets are recommended to be taken orally, 1 tablet once a day with meals, this dosage is intended for adults and children over 14 years of age.

Radioactive iodine is used only in hospital settings in a specially designated ward for patients who must stop taking any medications 10 days before. Since there are no average dosages, a capsule with radioactive iodine after examinations is prepared within 7 days with a personal dose for the patient. After taking the capsule orally, the patient must be isolated for 5 days (for the safety of others). The therapeutic effect after the procedure is observed after several months.

Contraindications

Treatment with iodine is contraindicated if you are intolerant to it; it is also not recommended to use the drug orally if:

• Jades;
• Pulmonary tuberculosis;
• Acne;
• Hemorrhagic diathesis;
• Pregnancy;
• Chronic pyoderma;
• Furunculosis;
• Hives;
• Nephrosis;
• Adenoma.

Children under 5 years old should not take iodine supplements.

Side effects

When using an iodine solution externally, skin irritation may occur; long-term use of the drug can provoke iodism, manifested by rhinitis, urticaria, salivation, acne, lacrimation, and Quincke's edema. When taking iodine preparations orally, increased sweating, diarrhea, tachycardia, insomnia, nervousness, and allergic skin reactions were observed. The use of radioactive iodine in rare cases may be accompanied by a short-term feeling of discomfort in the neck.

special instructions

Avoid getting iodine solution into your eyes. The antiseptic effect of the drug is weakened in the presence of blood, alkaline and acidic environments, pus or fat. The drug in diluted form cannot be stored for a long time; temperatures exceeding 40 °C accelerate the breakdown of active iodine.

Drug interactions

Iodine preparations cannot be used simultaneously with essential oils, ammonia solutions and mercury amidochloride.

antiseptic for animals

(Developer organization: Vettorg LLC,

143180, Moscow region, Zvenigorod, Nakhabinskoe highway, no. 2)

I. GENERAL INFORMATION

Trade name of the drug: Alcoholic iodine solution 5% (Solutio Iodi spirituosa 5%).

International nonproprietary name: iodine.

Dosage form: solution for external use.

Alcohol iodine solution 5% is a medicinal product in the form of a solution, 100 ml contains 5 g of crystalline iodine as the active substance, potassium iodide, ethyl alcohol (ethanol) and purified water 1:1 as excipients.

Alcoholic iodine solution 5% is a transparent liquid of brown-brown color with a characteristic odor of iodine. Shelf life, subject to storage conditions in tightly closed containers of the manufacturer, is 3 years from the date of production. Do not use 5% alcohol solution of iodine after the expiration date.

A 5% alcohol solution of iodine is produced packaged in 10, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100 and 500 ml bottles and dark (orange) glass bottles of appropriate capacity, sealed with polyethylene stoppers and closed with threaded plastic caps. Consumer packages, complete with instructions for use, are placed in group (containerized) packaging.

Alcohol iodine solution 5% is stored in the manufacturer's packaging, separately from food and feed, in a dry place, protected from direct sunlight, at a temperature from 0 ° C to 25 ° C.

Alcohol iodine solution 5% should be stored out of the reach of children.

Unused medicinal product is disposed of in accordance with legal requirements.

Conditions of release: without a veterinarian's prescription.

II. PHARMACOLOGICAL (BIOLOGICAL) PROPERTIES

Pharmacotherapeutic group: antiseptic for external use. An alcohol solution of iodine 5% has an antimicrobial, irritating, distracting effect, and accelerates wound healing. When applied to the skin, the drug slowly and evenly releases active iodine, which oxidizes the amino acids of enzymes and transmembrane proteins of pathogenic microorganisms.

In terms of the degree of impact on the body, 5% alcohol solution of iodine is classified as a moderately hazardous substance (hazard class 3 according to GOST 12.1.007-76).

III. ORDER OF APPLICATION

An alcohol solution of iodine 5% is prescribed as an antiseptic, hemostatic agent; for treating the surgical field, surgical sutures, sites for parenteral administration of medicinal substances (injections) and the surgeon’s fingers; for the primary treatment of fresh wounds, for the treatment of infected wounds, for injuries, abrasions, cuts, furunculosis, abscesses and fistulas; as a distracting and irritating agent for chronic inflammation of joints, tendons, and muscles.

A contraindication for the use of 5% alcoholic iodine solution is the individual hypersensitivity of the animal to iodine-containing drugs.

An alcohol solution of iodine 5% is used externally. Treatment of the skin surface is carried out once. Lubricate the affected areas of the skin along the edges of the wound with gauze or cotton swabs soaked in a 5% alcohol iodine solution, without applying to the wound. When treating the surgical field, the skin is wiped twice with a sterile gauze swab soaked in iodine solution. For a distracting effect, a 5% alcohol solution of iodine is applied to the skin in the form of a grid.

When using a 5% alcohol solution of iodine according to the instructions, symptoms of overdose in animals are not detected. It is advisable not to re-treat during the day, since excess active iodine can cause a chemical burn.

The specific effects of 5% alcohol iodine solution upon first use and withdrawal have not been established.

Pregnant animals, newborns and young animals should use iodine solution with caution to avoid chemical burns.

Frequent use of a 5% iodine solution is not recommended. Increasing the intervals between treatments does not affect the effectiveness of treatment.

When used correctly, side effects are usually not observed. With repeated and frequent lubrication with iodine solution throughout the day, as well as with prolonged use on large surfaces, inflammatory reactions and skin burns are possible, as well as the phenomenon of iodism, that is, iodine poisoning (urticaria, rhinitis, salivation, lacrimation, swelling of the eyelids).

Alcoholic iodine solution 5% is pharmaceutically incompatible with essential oils and ammonia solutions. When used together with yellow mercury ointment, the formation of mercury iodide, which has a cauterizing effect, is possible.

Products of animal origin obtained from animals after treatment with 5% alcoholic iodine solution are used without restrictions.

IV. PERSONAL PREVENTION MEASURES

When working with 5% alcohol solution of iodine, you should follow the general rules of personal hygiene and safety precautions provided for when working with medicines.

In case of accidental contact of 5% alcohol iodine solution with the mucous membrane of the eyes, immediately rinse the eyes with plenty of water. If allergic reactions occur or if the drug accidentally enters the human body, you should immediately contact a medical facility (bring with you the instructions for use of the drug and the label).