Common sea buckthorn. Sea buckthorn: how to grow a tree and the benefits of berries

Sea ​​buckthorn- buckthorn-shaped. Photo from Wikipedia. Sea buckthorn (lat. Hippophae) is a genus of plants of the Elaeagnaceae family. The generic name is the Latinized Greek name of the plant “hippophaes” from “hippos” horse and “phaos” shine. In Ancient Greece, young... Encyclopedia of tourists

Sea ​​buckthorn- ? Sea buckthorn ... Wikipedia

Sea ​​buckthorn- Sea ​​buckthorn. Branch with fruits. SEA BUCKTHORN, a genus of dioecious shrubs or trees (sucker family). 3 species, in the temperate zone of Eurasia, in Russia, sea buckthorn, large tracts in Siberia (Altai, Buryatia and Tuva), in the North Caucasus.... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

SEA ​​BUCKTHORN- SEA BUCKTHORN, a genus of dioecious shrubs or trees (sucker family). 3 species, in the temperate zone of Eurasia, in Russia, sea buckthorn, large tracts in Siberia (Altai, Buryatia and Tuva), in the North Caucasus. Small tree or shrub... ... Modern encyclopedia

SEA ​​BUCKTHORN- (Hippophae), genus of plants of the family. suckers. Shrubs or trees tall. 0.1 7, less often 15 m. Branches with thorns. The leaves are silvery underneath with star-shaped scales or hairs. The flowers are small, unisexual (the plant is dioecious), female, one at a time, less often 2-5 per... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

Sea ​​buckthorn- a tall thorny shrub or tree of the sucker family with sourish, small orange-yellow berries, closely sitting on the branches. A good honey plant. Jam, juices, liqueurs, tinctures and wine products are prepared from sea buckthorn fruits. In recent years … Culinary dictionary

SEA ​​BUCKTHORN- a genus of dioecious shrubs or trees of the sucker family. 3 species, in the temperate zone of Eurasia. Sea buckthorn, growing along the banks and floodplains of rivers in Europe, the Caucasus, Siberia and Middle East. Asia, cultivated for its edible fruits (rich... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

SEA ​​BUCKTHORN- SEA BUCKTHORN, sea buckthorn, many. no, female (bot.). A tall, thorny shrub with an aromatic, sour yellow berry. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

SEA ​​BUCKTHORN- SEA BUCKTHORN, and, female. Tall thorny shrub or family tree. suckers with sour, small orange-yellow berries sitting closely on the branches, as well as the berries themselves, which have healing properties. | adj. sea ​​buckthorn, oh, oh. Sea buckthorn oil.… … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

sea ​​​​buckthorn- noun, number of synonyms: 5 tree (618) wolfberry (29) shrub (357) ... Synonym dictionary

Sea ​​buckthorn- (Hippophae L.) genus of plants from the family. suckers (Elaeagnaceae); these are shrubs, mostly thorny, up to 3-6 m in height; their leaves are alternate, narrow and long, the undersides are grayish white from the star-shaped scales densely covering them.… … Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Books

• Sea buckthorn, Alexey Bukshtynov, Boris Ermakov, Victor Faustov, Vladimir Avdeev, David Shapiro, Ivan Eliseev, Nikolai Koikov, Tit Trofimov, The importance of sea buckthorn as a valuable crop containing biologically active substances is shown. The main issues of the biology of growth, development and fruiting, the importance of introduction, selection and... Category: Home and hobbies Publisher: Timber Industry, Buy for 483 rub.
• Sea buckthorn, I. I. Matafonov, The monograph presents for the first time generalized data on pharmacology, medicinal use, chemical composition, preparation and properties of preparations from sea buckthorn. Pharmacological and clinical… Category: Beauty, health and sports Publisher:

Sea ​​buckthorn (Hippophae) is a small tree or shrub from the Sucker family. One of the botanical features of this plant is that flowers appear on the branches before the leaves bloom. The Russian name for this crop is explained by the fact that the bright orange berries cling to the branches so tightly that harvesting can be very difficult.

The ancient Greeks called this berry a “glossy horse.” They noticed that the horses that grazed in the thickets of thorny bushes, eating golden berries, became well-fed, and their mane and skin began to shine. Therefore, sea buckthorn began to be used as a medicine for sick and exhausted horses. Then the ancient Aesculapians decided that since this berry helps horses, it can also help people, and they began to treat warriors and athletes with sea buckthorn.

In Russia, the sea buckthorn plant began to be grown in the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden at the beginning of the 19th century, and in the early 90s, doctors discovered the beneficial properties of sea buckthorn oil. And a real “sea buckthorn boom” happened. In pharmacies, people signed up to receive this product, and the consumption of sea buckthorn oil was subject to special accounting. Sea buckthorn oil was in short supply! And in our time, people continue to use the healing properties of sea buckthorn. Many gardeners always plant a couple of bushes on their plot.

It must be said that the Siberian does not really like mild winters and frequent thaws. However, she confidently moved to the European part of Russia. Breeders have seriously studied it and have developed many different varieties of different ripening periods. The color of the fruit varies from light yellow to red-orange. Their shape and size are also not the same. Of course, summer residents are more interested in sea buckthorn, which does not have thorns, with relatively large fruits and longer than usual stalks - this is exactly what makes harvesting easier.

Read the botanical description of the sea buckthorn plant and learn how to grow it.

What sea buckthorn looks like and how it grows

This is a strongly branched, winter-hardy shrub, less often a tree 2-5 meters high. The shoots end in thorns.

The fruits are small, 0.4-0.5 g, light orange, oval, cylindrical or spherical, 6-10 mm long and 3-7 mm in diameter, with one seed, ripen in August-September. The skin of the fruit is oily. The ends of the branches are strewn with berries in large quantities, which is why the plant was called sea buckthorn. They taste sweet and sour, sometimes with a bitter aftertaste, and are very aromatic. It begins to bear fruit early. At 5-6 years of age, bushes can produce 6-10 kg of fruit.

Sea buckthorn is a light-loving crop. Grows well on sandy soils along the banks of rivers and lakes.

The plant bears fruit within 10–20 years.

Sea buckthorn is widespread in Europe and Asia. On the territory of Russia it is found in the European part, in Western and Eastern Siberia, Buryatia, and Altai. The plant is grown in gardens and personal plots. Given the way sea buckthorn grows, it is often planted along river banks to strengthen river beds and sands due to its extensive root system.

These photos show what sea buckthorn looks like:

How does female sea buckthorn differ from male sea buckthorn?

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant: some bushes bear only female flowers, while others bear only male flowers. How does female sea buckthorn differ from male sea buckthorn and how do these differences manifest themselves?

Female flowers produce crops, while male flowers are required for pollination. Usually, for every five female bushes, one male bush is planted. The sex of sea buckthorn can be distinguished when flower buds begin to form on the bush. Male specimens differ well from female ones in the size of fruit buds in the pre-winter state. The buds of male plants are almost 3 times larger than female ones and, up to the age of two, are located next to two- and three-lobed ones. Bushes with female buds have only dicotyledonous buds.

In the 3rd year of life, around the end of August, single trilobed buds appear - the first harbingers of fruit buds, from which berries are formed the following year. In the 4th year, all dicotyledonous buds become multicotyledonous, and this completes the plant development cycle. Now female and male bushes are almost indistinguishable. Over time, multilobed buds become larger, denser and more convex.

Sea buckthorn is a very cold-resistant crop; it can withstand frosts down to –40 °C, but winters with sudden temperature changes are harmful to it. In such conditions, the wood freezes slightly. But most of all, the flowering primordia of male plants suffer, which can die at temperatures as low as -35 °C. In addition, sea buckthorn is greatly damaged by winter thaws; it easily wakes up even with a slight increase in temperature. Generative buds of sea buckthorn are formed during the current year's growth, so its yield largely depends on winter weather conditions.

Health benefits of sea buckthorn and berry picking

How to preserve sea buckthorn for the winter? Sea buckthorn mashed with sugar has a short shelf life. You can make jam, but some of the vitamins will be destroyed under the influence of temperature. When cooked, the vitamin C content decreases almost 4 times. Therefore, the best way to preserve sea buckthorn for the winter is to freeze it! At the same time, the berry does not lose its beneficial properties.

Sea buckthorn oil also has excellent healing properties - it helps heal wounds and erosions on the mucous membrane. Considering the health benefits of sea buckthorn, its oil is used externally in the treatment of hemorrhoids, stomatitis, cervical erosion and other diseases.

Sea buckthorn berries are harvested before frost by snipping with a wire fork.

In places where frosts come early, it is much easier to collect sea buckthorn. Frostbitten fruits are simply shaken off by placing some old blanket or sheet around the tree. The fruits fall off quite easily when the branches are shaken. Strong blows to the trunk or branches are considered unacceptable. Where sea buckthorn ripens before frost arrives, problems arise with harvesting. This means that it is necessary to develop varieties from which the harvest can still be harvested by hand.

Below we describe where to plant sea buckthorn so that it develops well and actively bears fruit.

Where to plant sea buckthorn on the site?

Sea buckthorn is considered by many gardeners to be a capricious plant due to the fact that it does not tolerate the close proximity of other species of shrubs and trees, requires the destruction of weeds in the first two years after planting, and does not bear fruit well in shaded areas. Therefore, it is more advisable to plant sea buckthorn along the border of the garden in the form of a hedge.

Sea buckthorn can hardly tolerate unfavorable weather conditions. In the second half of winter, thaws usually occur and sea buckthorn begins to grow. In this regard, the optimal time for planting sea buckthorn is early spring. This is of particular importance when planting seedlings with bare roots or when transplanting a plant, when the root system is damaged to a significant extent. If the seedling is in a container, then replanting it is much easier. Its roots are practically not injured. If planted in a timely manner, the sea buckthorn seedling has time to form a strong root system before winter and withstands the winter better.

Where to plant sea buckthorn on a personal plot? Shrubs are planted as far as possible from the cultivated part of the garden. A suitable place for this is at the edge of the plot, close to country houses, next to the road or lawn.

The root system of this plant extends to the sides for many meters. The number of roots is small. In this case, the roots in the ground are located superficially (at a depth of 20–30 cm). When digging up the soil, they are easily damaged, which immediately affects the condition of the plant. This explains the need for remote planting of sea buckthorn.

Sea buckthorn does not want the soil around it to be dug up deeply - it reacts painfully to damage to the roots, which are located close to the surface, horizontally, and extend far beyond the crown projection. The soil under these trees is often loosened, but finely (up to 5–7 cm) so as not to damage the roots.

Sea buckthorn is a light-loving plant, so it needs to be planted in an open place.

In the next section of the article you will learn how to properly plant sea buckthorn in the garden.

How to plant and grow sea buckthorn correctly

In general, planting and caring for sea buckthorn is similar to planting and caring for other fruit trees and shrubs. When planting, do not overuse mineral and fresh organic fertilizers.

In order to plant and grow sea buckthorn as required by correct agricultural technology, planting holes of 60 x 40 cm are dug for seedlings in the fall, with the upper, more fertile layer of soil folded in one direction, and the lower in the other. In early May, as soon as warm weather sets in, sea buckthorn is planted. To grow sea buckthorn as strong as possible, the top layer of soil must be mixed with a mixture of organic and mineral fertilizers: for each square meter, 10 kg of humus or rotted manure, 0.5 kg of lime, 50 g of superphosphate are required. You need to drive a stake into the bottom of the planting hole, then fill the hole a third with the prepared soil mixture and compact it. A seedling is placed on the north side of the stake, the roots are covered with soil, and the seedling itself is tied to the stake. The tree trunk circle is trampled down. The root collar of the plant is immersed in the soil by 5–7 cm, which leads to the formation of additional roots. Then the plant is watered abundantly (2 buckets per hole). The tree trunk circle is sprinkled with sawdust or peat. The plant needs to be watered periodically - once every three days until the shoots begin to grow.

When transplanting sea buckthorn from one place to another, you need to dig up as many of its roots as possible. This is not easy to do because they are very long. If the root system had to be significantly trimmed when digging up the plant, then the same must be done with the above-ground part of the plant. In this case, it will only benefit the plant. When transplanting large plants, you can remove all the side branches and leave only a trunk 1 - 1.5 m long. In each planting hole, just add a bucket of ready-made compost, a handful of superphosphate and a glass of wood ash. If the soil in the area is prone to acidification, then double superphosphate should be used.

Sea buckthorn roots grow quickly and extend far beyond the planting hole. In this regard, already 1 - 2 years after planting, applying fertilizer to the tree trunk circle does not make sense.

In its homeland, sea buckthorn grows along the banks of rivers and streams, loves running water and hates stagnant, swampy water. Nodules grow on the roots of sea buckthorn, and the bacteria living in them absorb nitrogen from the air. In this regard, sea buckthorn is similar to a legume plant. This means that she supplies herself with nitrogen, but phosphorus, potassium and sulfur must be given to her with fertilizing. But solutions of mineral fertilizers for it should be weaker than for other garden and vegetable crops, and clean water is needed for irrigation.

How to care for sea buckthorn: proper watering

When caring for sea buckthorn, remember that this is a moisture-loving plant that reacts sharply to a lack of moisture due to its superficially located active roots. If there is a lack of watering, sea buckthorn develops poorly and bears fruit worse, and may prematurely shed its fruits and leaves. Timely soil moisture has a positive effect on yield; the berries ripen larger. But excessive watering and stagnation of water in the soil lead to a deterioration in the quality of the berries. Rare and abundant watering is optimal for sea buckthorn.

During care when growing sea buckthorn, young bushes are watered once every one to two weeks at the rate of 20–30 liters per 1 m2 of nutrient area.

Sea buckthorn needs seasonal watering throughout the summer season (from the moment the buds open to the beginning of leaf fall), but especially in July and early August, when the fruits ripen. Watering is also important during the active growth of shoots and during the formation of fruit buds, from which next year’s harvest will appear. Adult plants are watered on average every week (in the absence of precipitation) at the rate of 25-50 liters per 1 m2 of nutrient area (or 50-120 liters per plant). The lighter the soil, the more frequent and less abundant watering sea buckthorn requires. Water the plants at the root, no more than 2.5 m from the trunk (otherwise the sea buckthorn will sprout abundantly). The soil is saturated with moisture to a depth of 60 cm. To care for sea buckthorn as thoroughly as possible, sprinkling is sometimes used. After each watering, the soil in the tree trunk circle is carefully loosened, trying not to damage the roots (a 5 cm deepening is acceptable). The first watering of sea buckthorn is carried out after the buds awaken; this spring watering is especially important when the snow melts early or after a winter with little snow. Simultaneously with the first watering, sea buckthorn is fed with complex fertilizer. Spring watering is carried out at the rate of 60–75 liters of water per plant. In summer, sea buckthorn is watered at least two to three times.

In dry and warm autumn weather in October or early November, pre-winter moisture-recharging watering of sea buckthorn is carried out at the rate of 30–50 liters of water per 1 m2 of nutrient area for young plants and 70-100 liters per 1 m2 for fruiting specimens (up to 150 liters per plant) .

As you can see, growing sea buckthorn in the country is not so easy, but the result is worth it!

Soil for planting and caring for sea buckthorn in open ground

Sea buckthorn is quite unpretentious in relation to the choice of soil; in the wild it can grow even on poor sandy and washed-away lands. It needs well-aerated and permeable soils, but at the same time they must be sufficiently moist.

To plant and grow sea buckthorn, there should be no stagnant water in the soil, so wetlands are not for it. It is advisable to choose an area for planting where groundwater lies no closer than 1 m from the soil surface.

Sea buckthorn practically does not grow on heavy clay soils and peat bogs. It can grow on heavy loamy soils, but you should not expect a good harvest from it in such conditions.

Fertile soils are optimal for sea buckthorn: light sandy loam, heavy sandy loam with a light mechanical composition or medium loam. If necessary, heavy loam can be slightly improved before planting to make it more breathable. To do this, you need to mix the top layer of heavy loam with coarse river sand and humus or peat in approximately equal proportions.

For planting and caring for sea buckthorn in open ground, the acidity level of the soil is important: it does not grow in acidic soils, here it is quickly suppressed and dies. Sea buckthorn is more suitable for slightly acidic soils with a pH of 5–6 or neutral. The ideal acidity for it is pH 6.5–7. Therefore, if your site has acidic soils, they will have to be limed with slaked lime at the rate of 400–600 g per 1 m2.

Which sea buckthorn is best to plant on the site?

For planting, it is advisable to take one-year-old seedlings of zoned varieties about 40 cm in height. If part of the roots of the transplanted seedling is damaged, then the upper above-ground part should be severely cut off - this will make it easier for the plant to take root.

The roots of seedlings are very sensitive to drying out, so plants should be planted immediately after purchase, and damaged roots should be cut off. In addition, you cannot keep planting material in plastic bags for a long time - waterlogged roots will rot.

When ordering seedlings, do not forget that sea buckthorn is a dioecious plant and both female (fruit-bearing) and male non-fruit-bearing plants are needed to produce fruit. Therefore, order male copies as well. At the same time, for 5-6 female plants, one male plant is enough, planted on the side from which the wind blows, so that the pollen is transferred to the female trees. In two plots in a collective garden, when planting sea buckthorn trees in parallel rows, one male specimen is enough for 8-10 female ones.

When growing sea buckthorn on acidic Ural podzolic soils, it should be taken into account that this is a calcareous soil-loving plant. Therefore, it is necessary to add stale (carbonized) lime 0.5-1 kg into the planting hole, and then moderate liming of the tree trunk circles should be carried out. When transplanting sea buckthorn, keep in mind that growths on its roots are not “cancerous tumors”, but useful formations with the help of which the plant absorbs nitrogen from the air. Therefore, save these “nodules”.

How to care for sea buckthorn: pruning bushes (with video)

The crown of sea buckthorn is pruned in such a way that a bush is formed, the height of the stem being at least 20 cm. Soon after planting, single-stem seedlings are slightly shortened. This is done to obtain branches in the lower part of the trunk.

The next year, shading and unnecessary branches are cut off, long and thin branches are shortened. Do not remove thick branches - this will significantly weaken the plant.

Sea buckthorn tolerates pruning well. Her greatest productivity is observed at the age of 8–12 years. After this period, it is recommended to cut the plant down and it will quickly recover from the growth coming from the stump.

Watch the video “Pruning sea buckthorn” to better understand how this agricultural technique is performed:

Types and best varieties of sea buckthorn: photos and descriptions

Sea buckthorn comes in a wide variety of species, which sometimes grow in the wild in very unusual places, settling along the banks of reservoirs, in valleys and on rocks. In Russia, most of the growing sea buckthorn is a small tree, and most often a shrub with beautiful silvery foliage and sharp spines at the ends of the branches.

Sea buckthorn is a small, very thorny dioecious tree or shrub up to 5 (6) m in height, with numerous branches lined with thorns, alternate silvery linear leaves and inconspicuous greenish flowers. The fruits are juicy orange-red drupes, sweet and sour, with a pineapple flavor, densely clinging to the ends of the branches. The fruits ripen in September – October. Reproduces mainly vegetatively. Recently, it has been widely grown in gardens and household plots.

Of the varieties that received the most recognition:

Abundant

Orange

Maslyanichnaya

Gift of Katun

golden cob

Botanical– a productive variety: up to 25 kg of berries can be collected from one bush. The bush is medium-sized, the branches are not thorny. The berries are large, rounded-elongated, light orange in color. The pulp is sour, slightly aromatic.

Galerite- a productive variety. The bush is low-growing, slightly spreading, the crown is spreading, compact. The shoots are small, arched. The berries are large, rounded-elongated, light orange in color, with a red spot at the base.

The scales are light brown, the skin is dense and glossy. The pulp of this sea buckthorn variety is juicy, tender, and sweet and sour in taste. The berries ripen in mid-September.

Augustinka– productive variety, average winter hardiness. The bush is medium-sized, medium-spreading, with an umbrella-shaped crown.

The berries are medium-sized, oval-shaped, light orange in color, with a red spot at the base. The pulp is juicy, sour, aromatic. The berries ripen in mid-August.

Rowan- an old variety. Tree-like bush, narrow pyramidal crown, non-thorny branches.

The fruits are large, dark red in color, the skin is thin and shiny. The pulp is tender, bitter, aromatic. In appearance and taste they resemble rowan fruits. The berries of this variety contain a large amount of carotene.

Nivelena– high-yielding (up to 30 kg of berries from each bush) variety. At the top of the shoot there are single spines.

The berries are oval-shaped, on a thin stalk, orange in color. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour, aromatic.

Amber– medium spreading bush, branches without thorns. The berries are orange in color and cylindrical in shape. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour, slightly aromatic. The berries ripen at the end of August.

Vorobievskaya– medium-sized bush, umbrella-shaped crown. The shoots are slightly spiny, with spines at the top.

The berries are large, similar in appearance to dogwood. The color is orange-red, with a red spot visible at the top. Advantages of the variety: winter hardiness, transportability.

Krasnokarminnaya– mid-season, productive, winter-hardy variety. The bush is medium-sized, the crown is medium-spreading. The shoots are thick and straight.

The berries are large, red, with luminous scales. They are oblong in shape, truncated at the top and elongated towards the stalks. The skin is dense and shiny. The berries ripen in mid-August. Advantages of the variety: transportability, keeping quality in a cool room.

Chuyskaya– mid-season, productive, winter-hardy variety. The bush is medium spreading, the branches are weakly spiny. The berries are large, oval-cylindrical, orange in color. The pulp is dense, sweet and sour in taste. The berry ripening period is early August.

Botanical amateur. Winter-hardy, high-yielding variety with mid-early ripening (first half of August).

A medium-sized, slightly spreading, compact tree, almost without thorns, enters full fruiting in the 3-4th year after planting. The berries are large, yellow-orange in color, oval-cylindrical in shape, with a small number of scales. The berries are universally used and have a pleasant pineapple aroma. The variety is resistant to pests, as well as tracheomycosis.

Pepper. Winter-hardy variety with mid-early ripening period - the first half of August.

The plant looks like a low compact bush with a small number of spines. The shoots are arched, so the crown of the bush looks like an umbrella. Productivity is at an average level, it begins to bear fruit in the 3-4th year of life.

As you can see in the photo, the berries of this sea buckthorn variety are large, orange-red in color, and oblong-conical in shape:

Nugget. A frost-resistant variety of mid-early ripening, the berries will ripen in the second half of August.

The variety looks like a medium-sized tree or bush of medium density with a small number of thorns. It begins to bear fruit early and the yield is increased. The berries are large, oval, orange, universal purpose.

Moscow pineapple. Medium-yielding variety with medium-late ripening.

The bush is medium-sized, somewhat spreading, with straight shoots almost without thorns, it begins to bear fruit in the 3-4th year of life. The variety is resistant to. The berries are aromatic, sweet and sour, medium in size, pear-shaped, bright orange with a red tint at the base and top, universal purpose.

Moscow beauty. Winter-hardy, but low-yielding variety of medium-late ripening.

The tree is medium-sized, somewhat spreading, with a small number of thorns, and begins to bear fruit in the 3-4th year of life. The variety is resistant to pests and diseases. The berries are pineapple-flavored, medium-sized, oval-round, bright orange with a red tan at the base and top.

Abundant. Winter-hardy, high-yielding variety with medium-late ripening period - end of August. The variety has the appearance of a tree or a vigorous bush with a fairly spreading crown and a small number of thorns.

The variety is resistant to pests and diseases. The plant begins to bear fruit in the 3-4th year of life. The berries of this one of the best varieties of sea buckthorn are bright orange, large, cylindrical in shape, and have a universal purpose.

Otradnaya. A variety with increased yield and very high winter hardiness, medium-late ripening (second half of August). The variety is quite resistant to pests and diseases.

A tree with a wide-spreading crown, almost without thorns, begins to bear fruit in the 3-5th year of life. The berries are red-orange, medium and large, round in shape, slightly elongated towards the stalk.

Giant. Medium-yielding variety with increased winter hardiness and late ripening. A tree or bush up to 2.5–3.5 m tall, with a rounded-cone-shaped crown, almost without thorns on the shoots.

The variety is resistant to pests and diseases. It enters full fruiting in the 4-5th year after planting. The berries are large, orange, universal-purpose and cylindrical in shape, ripening in early to mid-September.

The next section of the article is devoted to how to grow sea buckthorn on the site.

How to grow sea buckthorn in the country: propagation by cuttings

Sea buckthorn is propagated by green cuttings, grafting and root shoots.

Cuttings are planted in summer in tall boxes with sand and a small layer of soil at the bottom of the box. The boxes are covered with glass, and the plants are often sprayed with water from a spray bottle. They take root even better in greenhouses with artificial water mist.

To propagate sea buckthorn, the lower half of the cuttings is cleared of leaves. Rooting is facilitated by keeping the cuttings (the bare part is immersed) in a heteroauxin solution (200 mg per liter of water) for 6 hours.

Some sea buckthorn bushes, with good soil cultivation and watering, produce offspring that reproduce the quality of the fruit of the mother plant. Sea buckthorn can be propagated by grafting varietal plants from cuttings onto ordinary seedlings.

Sowing sea buckthorn seeds is interesting in two cases. Firstly, if you have received seeds of large-fruited varietal sea buckthorn, then work on its further cultivation. And, secondly, when cultivating seedlings of small-fruited red sea buckthorn, which are distinguished by the pleasant taste of the fruits.

However, seed propagation of sea buckthorn is especially important in obtaining the most winter-hardy forms for the northern regions of the Urals. In this case, it is necessary to use Sayan (Yenisei River basin) and Transbaikal sea buckthorn (Selenga River basin) seeds.

Myths and truth about sea buckthorn

Myths

Sea buckthorn helps cure myopia.

Sea buckthorn contains beta-carotene and vitamin A, known for its beneficial effects on vision. It strengthens the retina, helps prevent night blindness, but does not affect myopia.

Sea buckthorn oil helps with burns.

This is one of the most common myths - a burn cannot be smeared with any oil. The oil creates a film on the burn, the wound does not “breathe”, and microbes form on it.

Sea buckthorn helps you lose weight.

Sea buckthorn contains Omega-7 fatty acids that regulate fat metabolism. This substance prevents the accumulation of fat mass, but does not lead to weight loss.

Sea buckthorn worsens the condition of blood vessels.

Sea buckthorn contains rutin, which strengthens the walls of blood vessels.

Sea buckthorn can cause constipation.

Sea buckthorn contains dietary fiber, which improves intestinal motility. And sea buckthorn oil has a laxative effect.

Is it true

Sea buckthorn is effective in preventing vitiligo disease.

Sea buckthorn is useful for the prevention of atherosclerosis.

The dietary fiber contained in sea buckthorn removes harmful cholesterol from the body and protects blood vessels from atherosclerotic plaques. Sea buckthorn also contains beta-sitosterol, which lowers blood cholesterol levels.

Sea buckthorn improves mood.

Sea buckthorn contains serotonin, which is also produced in the human brain and is responsible for the feeling of pleasure.

Sea buckthorn prolongs the youth of the skin.

Sea buckthorn is rich in vitamin A and beta-carotene, which improve skin cell regeneration. Sea buckthorn also contains more than two daily requirements of vitamin C, which improves the synthesis of collagen, which makes our skin elastic.

Sea buckthorn helps you recover faster from a cold.

What is sea buckthorn:

What is sea buckthorn, beneficial properties and contraindications of sea buckthorn, and does this plant have any medicinal properties? These questions often arise among those who care about their health and show interest in traditional methods of treatment, in particular in treatment with medicinal plants. And this interest is understandable. Maybe in this article, to some extent, you can get an answer to these questions.

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae) is a genus of plants in the Elaeagnaceae family.

Dioecious shrubs or trees, mostly thorny, from 1 to 3-6 m (sea buckthorn up to 11 m) tall. The berries are orange or reddish, there are many of them, they are densely located and seem to “stick around” the branches (hence the Russian name of the plant). Plants reproduce by seeds and vegetatively. They grow along the banks of reservoirs, in floodplains of rivers and streams, on pebbles and sandy soils. In the mountains it rises to a height of 3500 m above sea level.

Wikipedia

Externally, sea buckthorn is a shrub, approximately 4 meters in height, endowed with sharp spines and elongated leaves. Sea buckthorn has brown bark and short shoots of a silvery-rusty-brown color, ending in spines.

The alternate, linear-lanceolate leaves are 8 cm long and 1 cm wide, narrowed into short petioles, dark green above, silvery-white below, with brown scales.

Sea buckthorn is a dioecious, dioecious plant. Small, inconspicuous flowers appear on young shoots in the leaf axils.

The sea buckthorn plant can be either “female” or “male”. Sea buckthorn of both “sexes” should be planted at a short distance from each other - if you want the sea buckthorn to give you its fruits.

Male (staminate) flowers are collected in an inflorescence in the form of a spikelet of 10–14 flowers. The perianth consists of two sepals with round-ovate concave lobes, in which 4 free stamens are located. Female (pistillate) inflorescences differ from male ones in their smaller size and the presence of two covering scales, which fall off at the beginning of flowering, and the female flowers remain covered with green leaves. Female flowers, from 3 to 12 pieces, are collected in racemose inflorescences.

The above is also of practical importance, since the size of the buds in the spring, before the start of the growing season, can easily determine the sex of the bush. On male bushes the buds are larger and have several covering leaves; female bushes have smaller buds with two covering scales.

Sea buckthorn fruits are bright orange in color. They simply sprinkle the branches of the plant at the end of September. They are rich in vitamins such as A, B1, B2, B6, B8, P, C, E and other beneficial substances, including oil, which contains palmitic, stearic and oleic acid.

Most often, sea buckthorn grows along river floodplains and on the sand and pebble banks of reservoirs, sometimes forming continuous thickets. This plant is most common in Transbaikalia, Sayan Mountains, Tuva, Altai, in the southern regions of Kazakhstan and Central Asia (Tajikistan), and in the Caucasus.

However, it can be grown in other regions of Russia, where climatic conditions allow: it is a frost-resistant plant, but demanding of light. Sea buckthorn was introduced into culture; with the help of breeding, forms were developed that do not have thorns, as well as with larger fruits and longer stalks.

This plant is equally popular in both folk and traditional medicine.

With the help of sea buckthorn, many were able to get rid of various ailments. Sea buckthorn has been used as a medicine for many centuries; more than one generation of people has used sea buckthorn for various diseases.

Sea buckthorn oil, infusions and decoctions are used to treat many diseases, but, having healing properties, it is also a valuable product of great culinary importance. It is also used in cosmetology and has value as a natural product.

Sea buckthorn fruits can be used not only for making wonderful jam. Sea buckthorn is suitable for extracting juice, preparing compotes and tinctures with alcohol, and also for treating wounds, to eliminate various kinds of inflammatory processes.

Useful properties of sea buckthorn:

First of all, sea buckthorn is used to treat skin diseases, namely: radiation burns, frostbite, and chemical burns. It was found that sea buckthorn oil, due to the sterols it contains, stimulates recovery processes and accelerates wound healing. Therefore, it is indispensable in the treatment of skin diseases, a characteristic feature of which is a sluggish process of epithelization.

The use of sea buckthorn for the treatment of surgical diseases and for therapeutic purposes is also beneficial because its oil has antibacterial properties: the drug delays the development of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia, Proteus, and hemolytic streptococcus. When sea buckthorn oil is introduced into wound cavities in the case of suppuration or laparotomy, granulation of wounds and cleansing of purulent plaque occurs faster.

The anti-inflammatory effect of sea buckthorn is also effective in the treatment of sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis and other inflammatory processes. These properties of sea buckthorn are also ideal for the treatment of gynecological diseases, in particular colpitis and endocervicitis, cervical erosion, etc.

The ability of sea buckthorn preparations to enhance cell regeneration is widely used in the treatment of eye diseases, in particular night blindness and various defects of the cornea, for example creeping ulcers of the cornea. Sea buckthorn gives quick results: when used, within a day there is a decrease in corneal infiltrate, the edge of the ulcer thickens, and vascularization increases. The ulcer is cleared of pus and intensive regeneration begins.

Due to the fact that sea buckthorn contains fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamin E (tocopherol), it is effective in treating various diseases of the stomach and liver.

Sea buckthorn oil has an inhibitory effect on the secretion of gastric juice, is effective in liver pathology caused by alcohol intoxication (liver cirrhosis), as it increases the content of proteins (nucleic acids) in its tissue and has a positive effect on lipid metabolism. Vitamin E (tocopherol) at the cellular and subcellular level protects biological membranes from the damaging effects of chemical agents, such as ethyl alcohol and carbon tetrachloride.

Since sea buckthorn preparations have a positive effect on lipid metabolism, they are also used to treat atherosclerosis. Patients experience normalization of lipids (fats) in the blood, as well as a decrease in cholesterol and phospholipids in the serum.

The consequence of this is an improvement in the condition of the coronary vessels, angina attacks and vegetative-vascular disorders disappear, and electrocadiographic indicators improve.

Treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers is possible due to the same properties of sea buckthorn - acceleration of recovery processes, as well as bactericidal effects. The positive property of sea buckthorn is that the acidity of gastric juice does not change.

Sea buckthorn, or rather sea buckthorn juice (with sugar or honey) is an expectorant. In addition, sea buckthorn juice is useful for anemia, vitamin deficiency, and all kinds of skin diseases. It promotes the removal of radionuclides from the body, and, accordingly, has a beneficial effect on its condition as a whole. If it's hot, this is an excellent remedy against thirst.

A decoction of sea buckthorn fruits has a laxative effect, which is why it is used for various intestinal dysfunctions. Tincture of sea buckthorn leaves is useful in the treatment of diabetes, rheumatism, and gout.

Sea buckthorn contraindications:

It is imperative to remember that sea buckthorn is a powerful remedy with a very high content of biologically active substances. Its berries contain especially a lot of carotene (provitamin A), which can cause allergic reactions if the immune system has any disorders.

Sea buckthorn, with all its abundance of useful qualities, is not recommended for everyone. For those who suffer from gastritis and high acidity of gastric juice, it would be wise to avoid drinking juice and fresh sea buckthorn fruits. And those of us who are susceptible to urolithiasis should not consume sea buckthorn at all.

Sea buckthorn is contraindicated for liver diseases, pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder); in addition, in the presence of inflammatory processes in the duodenum. Due to the acids that sea buckthorn contains in large quantities, it is contraindicated for diseases of the digestive tract. In all other cases, sea buckthorn is a medicinal plant unique in its benefits.

So, answering the question whether sea buckthorn has contraindications, we can say: it does, just as all medicinal plants have contraindications. The main thing is not to forget that reasonable measures are needed in everything, and even the most useful product will have its medicinal properties only if it is used correctly. Follow the rules for using this wonderful remedy, a valuable gift of nature - and it will only bring you health!

Calorie content of sea buckthorn:

Sea buckthorn berries contain more calories than, say, raspberries or currants, since they contain approximately 2.8-7.8% fatty oil. And the calorie content of this berry may increase if you make jam or jelly from it. Pay attention to this table:

Table of calorie content and nutritional value of sea buckthorn, per 100 grams:

Product	Squirrels, gr.	Fats, gr.	Carbohydrates, gr.	Calories, in kcal
fresh sea buckthorn	0,9	2,5	10,2	52
sea ​​buckthorn juice	0,6	3,4	4,3	52
Opikha with sugar	0,0	0,0	52,0	208
Opikha jam	0,5	2,75	39,6	175
both tree jam	0,0	0,0	50,0	200
jelly from both plants	0,0	0,0	13,0	52

How to make sea buckthorn juice:

First, the sea buckthorn berries are washed, dried, and then the juice is squeezed out using pressing. Then add a little warm water (0.4 liters per 1 kg), mix and wait for half an hour. Then they press again. This procedure is repeated two or three times, with all the extracts being drained together. Then the juice is filtered, heated (but not letting it boil), and filtered again.

The juice prepared in this way is poured into sterilized jars and closed. The juice is stored throughout the winter, while retaining all the beneficial properties of sea buckthorn.

Sea buckthorn is prepared in another way - by preparing a puree from it with sugar. The washed fruits are passed through a juicer, then sugar is added (in a 1:1 ratio) and heated - but not to the point of boiling. After all the sugar has dissolved, the resulting mixture is rolled up, just like the juice. The choice is yours.

Sea buckthorn in the treatment of colds:

Sea buckthorn jam, jam or tea are very good for colds. Infusions, drinks and decoctions based on this plant are useful for colds. To treat a cold, you can use the following recipe: brew tea from a mixture of the following ingredients (taken equally) - sea buckthorn leaves, chamomile, St. John's wort. Sea buckthorn bark contains a substance that has an antitumor effect. The alcoholic extract of the bark has similar properties.

How to get rid of a sore throat using sea buckthorn? For this you need mineral water or milk and 100 g of fresh berries. Prepare juice from the berries. If you prefer mineral water, you must first remove the gases from it. To do this, open the bottle and place it in a warm place. Mineral water should be consumed together with sea buckthorn juice at the rate of 1/2 cup of mineral water and 2 tbsp. l. juice Mineral water is very beneficial for the body: it kills microbes, improves intestinal function and the general condition of the body. If you don't like mineral water, you can use plain milk. Warm it up, add freshly prepared sea buckthorn juice to it, mix and take 1/2 glass a day 10 minutes before meals. For 1/2 cup of milk you will need 1-2 tbsp. l. juice

Sea buckthorn for pancreatitis:

In the treatment of such an ailment as pancreatitis, medicinal plants, in particular sea buckthorn, can be used. It must be said that not only the berries of this plant, but also the leaves, flowers and roots are used for medicinal purposes. But the most effective and powerful remedy for pancreatitis is sea buckthorn oil. It would be advisable for patients with pancreatitis to consume sea buckthorn oil in salads, mixing it with other vegetable oils indicated for this disease.

Sea buckthorn for gastritis:

Sea buckthorn oil promotes the regeneration of skin and mucous membranes after all kinds of damage. It has antibacterial properties. In addition, sea buckthorn oil also has a choleretic effect; it has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the digestive organs, and is also useful for nourishing cells and tissues. Thanks to its wound-healing, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, sea buckthorn oil has found wide use in the complex treatment of gastroenterological diseases (especially gastritis - inflammation of the inner lining of the stomach).

When treating the disease, sea buckthorn, which is part of the medicinal preparations, will help you.

You will need:
chamomile flowers – 20 g,
licorice root – 20 g,
sea ​​buckthorn berries – 20 g.

Mix all ingredients and store in glass container. 1 tbsp. l. collection, pour 1 cup of boiling water and place on low heat for 5-10 minutes. Then cool, strain and take 1/2 cup 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
The decoction reduces pain, normalizes gastric secretion, accelerates healing and tissue restoration.

Sea buckthorn for diabetes:

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that seriously affects not only your lifestyle, but also your diet. Eating foods high in carbohydrates sharply increases the level of glucose in the blood, which will negatively affect the patient’s condition. Therefore, special attention should be paid to those foods that slightly or do not increase sugar levels at all. Sea buckthorn has properties for which it is valued by both doctors and patients. For those suffering from diabetes, sea buckthorn is useful due to its composition, which includes a large amount of vitamins. With diabetes, it is very important to maintain the immune system (with this disease, it first of all comes under attack). Vitamin C is useful for strengthening the immune system, and sea buckthorn fruits are a rich source of it.

Sea buckthorn and diets for weight loss:

There are only two ways to use sea buckthorn for weight loss.

The first is ingestion:

you need to start with 0.5 tsp. oils;

consume it half an hour before meals with water;

gradually, if there is no deterioration in health, the dose is increased to 1 tbsp. l.

You should not take more than 1 tsp of oil from a pharmacy. Homemade and pharmacy oil has cleansing properties and fills the body with vitamins, which is why sea buckthorn in the form of oil is so often used as part of various diets.

Sometimes sea buckthorn oil can be found in the form of capsules resembling fish oil. They must be consumed strictly according to the instructions, usually no more than 2 capsules per day.

Oil for external use

Sea buckthorn oil serves as an excellent base for preparing various scrubs, wraps, masks and massage oils. Ideally, it should be combined with olive or other carrier oil, as this oil alone can greatly stain the skin.

How sea buckthorn oil works:

helps reduce appetite, but effectiveness depends purely on the individual characteristics of the body;

saturates the body with healthy fatty acids, which activate the burning of subcutaneous fat, but oil itself does not help eliminate extra pounds;

creates a feeling of comfort in the stomach.

There have been no scientific studies confirming the effectiveness of sea buckthorn oil specifically in the area of ​​weight loss. However, many note the positive impact of this product on well-being in the process of fighting excess weight.

Sea buckthorn

Name: Sea buckthorn.

Other names: Golden tree, Siberian pineapple, sea buckthorn.

Latin name: Hippophae rhamnoides L.

Family: Elaegnaceae

Kinds: Sucker family - shrubs, less often trees, with alternate simple leaves, monoecious or dioecious. The flowers are regular, single-covered, with a tubular perianth with 2-4 lobes, 4-8 stamens, the ovary is superior, unilocular. The fruit is drupe-shaped, false, developed from a receptacle, juicy with one stone.
A significant amount of tannins, dyes, flavonoids was found in the leaves and branches, alkaloids in the bark, sugars, organic acids, vitamins in the fruits; seeds contain fatty oil; in flowers there is little essential.

Plant type: Large thorny shrub or small tree.

Roots: The roots are numerous, superficial, and produce many shoots.

Branches: Branches are angular, ending in spines. Young shoots are densely covered with silvery scales, adult shoots are rusty-brown, sometimes almost black.

Height: Up to 6 meters.

Leaves: The leaves are simple, with a wedge-shaped base, dark green above, silvery below.

Flowers, inflorescences: The plant is dioecious as the male and female flowers are on different trees. The ratio of male and female plants on the site should be 1:5, since male flowers do not bear fruit, but are necessary for pollination. It is possible to distinguish male plants from female ones only in early spring or autumn by the size of the buds: on male plants the length of the buds is almost 2 times greater than on female ones. The flowers are small, yellowish. The female ones are located on short stalks of 2-5 pieces in the axils of branches and thorns, the male ones are collected in short ears.

Flowering time: Blooms in April-May, before or during leaf bloom.

Fruit: The fruit is an orange and red fleshy drupe of spherical shape. They remain on the branches until spring.

Ripening time: Ripens in August-September.

Smells and tastes: Ripe berries taste bitter, but after the first frost the bitterness disappears and they become pleasantly sour, with the smell of pineapple.

Collection time: Leaves and branches are harvested in the summer and at berry picking time, bark in the spring. The berries are harvested in winter, when they lose their bitterness and astringency.

Features of collection, drying and storage: Fresh berries are picked by sniffing, frozen ones are shaken off at a temperature not lower than minus 10°C. In sunny weather, the fruits are not collected, since when they thaw, the shell separates from the pulp. The shelf life of frozen products is 6 months.

Spreading: In Russia, sea buckthorn is found in the European part (Kaliningrad region), in the Caucasus, in Western (Irtysh and Altai regions) and Eastern (Angaro-Sayan and Daursky regions) Siberia; in Ukraine - in the Danube River delta.

Habitats: Grows along the banks of rivers, streams, lakes and in floodplains, often forming impenetrable thickets. Used as a hedge, to strengthen railway and highway slopes. Widely cultivated in gardens and orchards.

Culinary use: The fruits are used to obtain juice; they are used to prepare canned food, preserves, marshmallows, jams, jelly and jellies, and are used to flavor drinks. Fatty oil is obtained from the berries.

Signs, proverbs, legends: Popular wisdom says that the one who collected the fruits and leaves of sea buckthorn in the summer is stocked up with vigor and health for the whole year. It is no coincidence that sea buckthorn is called “healing berry”, “berry of health”, “healing gift of nature”, “miracle berry”, “vitamin plant”, “forest pharmacy”.

Garden care: Sea buckthorn is a light-loving plant, quite drought-resistant, but cannot tolerate stagnant groundwater. The plant is propagated by cuttings, but it is necessary to plant cuttings of a female and a male plant at once (or 5-8 female and 1 male). Almost no maintenance is required; it is enough to apply fertilizer once every 3-4 years, and also to properly shape the bush by pruning.

Medicinal parts: Medicinal raw materials are leaves, young branches, bark, fruits, seeds.

Useful content: The fruits contain fatty oil, organic acids, sugar, vitamins K, B1, B2, B6, E, P, PP, F, C (up to 900 mg%), folic acid, carotene, pigments, tannins, flavonoids. For example, 100 grams of fruits contain 5-6 daily doses of vitamin A, up to 10 doses of vitamin C, a large amount of vitamin E (up to 20 mg%), up to 100 mg of vascular-strengthening vitamin P. They contain more than 15 different microelements - manganese, aluminum , silicon, titanium, boron, iron.
The seeds of the fruit contain fatty oil, vitamins B1 and B2, E, and tannins. The leaves are rich in tannins and phytoncides, bioelements and vitamins (vitamin C, for example, up to 1400 mg%). The branches are rich in tannins, and the bark contains the alkaloid serotonin, which is widely used as an antitumor agent. Frozen fruits store vitamins for up to 6 months.

Actions: Sea buckthorn oil has anti-inflammatory, bactericidal, epithelizing, granulating and analgesic properties, and therefore it is successfully used to treat radiation skin lesions, burns and frostbite, bedsores, skin tuberculosis, eczema, lichen, trophic ulcers, phlegmonous acne (purulent acne), Darier's disease, cheilitis (inflammation of the lips with cracks and suppuration), ulcerative lupus, eye diseases ( trachoma, creeping corneal ulcers and so on), nasopharynx (sinusitis, chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis) and oral cavity (pulpitis, periodontitis), female diseases (colpitis, endocervicitis, ectopia of the epithelium, cervical erosion).

In suppositories, sea buckthorn oil is effective for erosive and ulcerative proctitis, erosive and ulcerative sphincteritis(inflammation of the anal sphincter), anal fissures, catarrhal and atrophic proctitis and internal hemorrhoids in patients with chronic enterocolitis.

Sea buckthorn oil is used internally for peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum, and for radiation therapy for esophageal cancer. There are reports of effective treatment of patients with atherosclerosis with sea buckthorn oil. The inhibitory effect of sea buckthorn on the development of atherosclerosis is explained by the presence of linoleic and linolenic acids, tocopherols, carotenoids, phospholipids and plant sterols, which have the property of helping to reduce the amount of total cholesterol, α-lipoproteins and total lipids in the blood serum. Some researchers note the weakening effect of sea buckthorn oil on the secretion of gastric juice.

Sea buckthorn fruits (fresh or processed) are widely used in therapeutic and dietary nutrition. They are used for gastric ulcers, for diseases caused by a lack of vitamins (hypo- and avitaminosis), as a general tonic for patients who have suffered infectious diseases and complex surgical operations.

Juice from fresh sea buckthorn fruits is used to lubricate skin areas with erosive or ulcerative lesions (including lesions from x-ray radiation). To enhance the therapeutic effect, fresh sea buckthorn fruits are included in the diet.

The bark has valuable therapeutic properties. Its alcohol extract has high radioprotective activity and inhibits pathological tissue growth (the effect of serotonin). Therefore, the alcohol extract is recommended for use in combination with radiotherapy for the treatment of malignant tumors.

In folk medicine, a decoction of the bark or an infusion of the leaves is given orally for diarrhea. In addition, the leaves are used for baths and poultices for rheumatic and gouty pain.

Restrictions on use: REMEMBER, SEA BUCKTHORN OIL IS CONTRAINDICATED FOR PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS, WITH A TENDENCY TO DIARRHEA AND WITH DISEASES OF THE PANCREAS!

Medicinal recipes:

Sea buckthorn oil . Pour crushed dry fruits or dried pomace remaining after obtaining the juice with an equal (by volume) amount of olive or sunflower oil (preferably refined), mix thoroughly and keep the resulting mixture for 24 hours in a heated oven or in a water bath at a temperature not exceeding 60°C . After this, squeeze the mixture through a nylon bag, and mix the resulting oil with a new portion of crushed dry fruits or dried pomace and heat again as described above. Repeating the operation three times makes it possible to obtain high quality sea buckthorn oil. After settling for a week, the oil is filtered. Take 1 teaspoon 2-3 times a day 30-40 minutes before meals for gastric ulcers, and for radiation therapy for esophageal cancer - 1/2 tablespoon 2-3 times a day throughout the course of treatment and after it completion – another 2-3 weeks.

Sea buckthorn oil is used as an external remedy. Apply sea buckthorn oil to the affected area of ​​skin, cleaned of necrotic tissue, using a pipette and apply a cotton-gauze bandage. Change the bandage every other day. A cotton swab moistened with sea buckthorn oil (5-10 ml per swab) is inserted into the vagina for 12-14 hours after preliminary douching (course of treatment is 2-3 weeks). Sea buckthorn oil is used for inhalation for chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Endocervicitis. Endometritis. Haemorrhoids . Ectopic epithelium. Cracks in the anus.

Sea buckthorn oil – a thick liquid of red-orange color with a characteristic taste and smell, consisting of a mixture of carotene, vitamin E and organic acids.
If the goal is to obtain the maximum amount of oil, then the fruits must be collected at the beginning of their overripening and softening, when they accumulate the most oil, that is, no earlier than mid-September. The fruits are washed with warm water (not higher than 60°C) and dried until all the water dries in the shade, the juice is squeezed out and the pulp is collected (marc, leftovers after squeezing). The pulp with seeds is laid out in a thin layer in the sun and dried, stirring and rubbing the lumps, after which it is crushed in a coffee grinder (the better it is crushed, the more fully the oil is extracted).
The pulp (fruit juice) is placed in a vessel and filled with refined sunflower or olive oil (the oil layer should be 3-4 cm higher than the pulp). The prepared mixture should be kept on low heat for 1 hour so that its temperature does not rise above 40-50°C, and stir periodically; Place the broth in a dark, cool place for 3-4 weeks and shake once a day.
Then the oil is drained, the pulp is squeezed out through several layers of gauze or thick cloth, filtered, allowed to stand in a dark place until transparent and drained from the sediment. Store it in a completely filled container with a stopper in a cool place for a year.
The resulting oil can be enriched. To do this, it is heated to 40-60°C, and a new portion of pulp is poured into it. This operation can be repeated 3-4 times. After doing all this several times, you get 1.5-2 times more concentrated oil, although there is no particular need for this. There is another way. The juice is squeezed out of the berries and left to stand in a cold place. When settling, the oil will float to the surface and is removed. This oil is considered to be of the highest quality.
The remains of the fruit (pulp) after extracting the juice and obtaining the oil can be used to prepare multivitamin tea.
Use the oil in the form of tampons in the treatment of cervical erosion and vaginal inflammation, colpitis, endocervicitis and endometritis. For hemorrhoids, they make microenemas, lotions, and lubricate the inflamed surface.

Get well!

Sea buckthorn (Nirrornae rhamnoides L.) in our country is widespread in many areas. Sea buckthorn is a branched tree-like shrub or small tree up to 6, sometimes 10 m high, with short shoots ending in very strong spines 2-7 cm long. In Kyrgyzstan and Azerbaijan there are sea buckthorn groves with trees up to 15 m high and up to 30-40 cm in diameter

Morphological characteristics

The root system of sea buckthorn is fibrous, loose, superficial, located in loam at a depth of 30-40 cm, on lighter soils - up to 60 cm. In the first year after planting the seedling, mainly the central root develops to a depth of 30-40 cm. From the 2nd year year, its growth weakens, and the lateral horizontal roots grow (1 m per year or more), extending far beyond the crown. At 6 years old they extend in the soil up to 2.5 m, and by 12 years up to 7.5 m. The vertical roots of sea buckthorn lie mainly at a depth of 30-120 cm, and only a few of them penetrate to a depth of 2.7 m. The diameter of the root system in tall varieties is 1.5 times greater than the diameter of the crown, and in short varieties it is even 2-3 times.

Young shoots are silvery in color with scales and hairs, then rusty-brown, the bark on the trunks is yellow-brown, almost black, on the branches it is brown-green or gray. Leaves are alternate, linear or lanceolate, simple, entire, 2–8 cm long, 2–8 mm wide, with rolled edges, obtuse at the apex, on short petioles, without stipules, almost sessile, gray-green above, silvery-white below , pubescent. The plant is dioecious with unisexual small, inconspicuous flowers, wind-pollinated, not visited by bees and other insects, since the flowers do not have nectaries. Flower buds are formed on the growth of the previous year, i.e. in the year preceding fruiting.

The flowers are collected in short, 5-8 mm long, 4-6-flowered spikes. The flowering period of male bushes usually lasts 6-12 days. Pistillate (female) flowers, like staminate flowers, develop singly in the axil of the covering leaf, less often in the form of a few-flowered umbrella with 2-3 yellowish-green flowers. They are petalless, cup-shaped, with a two-lobed tubular perianth of an oblong-ovate shape, 2-4 mm long, up to 1.5 mm wide, on a short (0.3-0.7 mm) peduncle. It blooms in April-May before blooming or simultaneously with the leaves blooming; the fruits ripen in late August - October; From the beginning of flowering to the full ripening of the fruit, 12-15 weeks pass.

Fruits are juicy false drupes of various shapes: spherical, ovoid, oval, ellipsoidal, 0.8-1 cm long, 3-8 mm wide, glabrous, shiny, orange, golden yellow or yellowish-red in color, sweet and sour with a flavor pineapple They sit tightly on the shoots, literally clinging to the fruit-bearing branches, often remaining on them all winter.

The lifespan of sea buckthorn is 25-30 years, but fruiting and the ability to reproduce by root shoots decrease from 15-18 years. It enters the fruiting stage at the age of 3-4 years, reaching its greatest productivity by 7-12 years, when up to 15 kg of fruit can be collected from 1 bush or tree.

Environmental requirements

Sea buckthorn grows mainly along pebble-sandy banks of streams, rivers, lakes, seas, in floodplains and above-floodplain terraces. It rises into the mountains up to 2000-3000 m (Caucasus) and even up to 5000 m (Tibet) above sea level. It has pronounced ecological plasticity: it grows on relatively poor sandy soils subject to wind erosion, even on slightly saline soils, which is greatly facilitated by the presence of nodules with nitrogen-fixing microorganisms on the roots, but it prefers loose, light-textured carbonate soils, and is sensitive to their fertility and moisture. The root system in floodplain conditions easily withstands flooding. The soil should have a neutral reaction (pH 6-7). It grows poorly on heavily podzolized soils and does not tolerate heavy clay soils at all, especially in swampy and flooded areas with standing water. It is very photophilous, bears almost no fruit under the canopy of tree species and dies off relatively early. Resistant to low winter (withstands up to -50 °C) and high summer (up to 40 °C) temperatures.

Chemical composition

100 g of sea buckthorn fruit contains 5-6 daily doses of provitamin A (11 mg), up to 10 doses of vitamin C (316-1000 mg), a large amount of vitamin E (from 8 to 18 mg), up to 1000 mg of vitamin P, which strengthens the blood vessels. In addition, there are vitamins: B (0.35 mg), B 2 (0.3 mg), B 6 (0.79 mg), PP and K. The fruit pulp contains up to 8.5% sugars, 2.7% organic acids. The amount of valuable sea buckthorn oil, rich in unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic), reaches 9% in the pulp and up to 12% in the seeds. The content of pectin substances is from 0.3 to 0.4%. In terms of the amount of microelements, sea buckthorn also occupies one of the leading places. 15 different microelements were found in it, including manganese, aluminum, magnesium, silicon and titanium. Sea buckthorn leaves are rich in tannins (8%), bactericidal substances - phytoncides and vitamins. Thus, the amount of vitamin C in the leaves reaches 1374 mg%.

Of all fruit plants, sea buckthorn fruits contain the most tocopherols (vitamin E) - from 4 to 18 mg%. Fruit pulp oil contains up to 160 mg%.

Application of sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn has been known for a long time as a food and medicinal plant. Ancient Tibetan medicine used it "from roots to seeds." Sea buckthorn was considered an amazing, universal healing agent. They treated gout and rheumatism, scurvy and tumors, diseases of the digestive tract and many others. Sea buckthorn oil is especially widely used. It has a wound-healing and analgesic effect, and is used in the treatment of burns, eczema and diabetes, blood diseases and hypertension, radiation sickness and senile cataracts, hair loss and in cosmetics. The popularity of sea buckthorn as a dietary product is also widely known. Its fruits, a real natural storehouse of vitamins, are widely used in food in fresh and processed forms. It is used in nutrition for stomach ulcers and metabolic disorders; a decoction of the fruit in the form of lotions is used for skin diseases. A decoction of the seeds has a laxative effect.

To treat gastric ulcers, prescribe 1 teaspoon of sea buckthorn oil 2-3 times a day 30-40 minutes before meals.
Nourishing masks based on sea buckthorn oil are widely used in cosmetics. For animals, the industry produces a multivitamin concentrate from oil production waste.

Yellow paint is obtained from sea buckthorn fruits, and black paint is obtained from young shoots and leaves. The bark, young shoots and leaves contain over 10% tannins, suitable for high-quality leather processing. The wood is very durable, fine-grained, has a beautiful streak structure, yellowish-brown color, is highly polished, and is used for the production of turning, carpentry and carvings. Sea buckthorn is an ideal species for consolidating and greening loose sand, slopes of ravines and gullies, steep slopes, railway embankments, for strengthening the banks of rivers and reservoirs, for reclamation of lands used in the mining industry that were previously considered waste. As an ornamental plant, it is used in green building to create residential hedges that tolerate pruning; grows well in urban environments with high levels of smoke, dust and gases in the air.

Planting sea buckthorn

Sea buckthorn should be planted early in the spring, not in the fall. Fertilizers applied to the planting hole provide the plant with nutrition for 2 years.

Planting is done in holes measuring 60 x 60 x 60 cm. Usually, before planting seedlings, sand and humus (peat compost, manure) are added to the hole or to the entire area in a 1:1 ratio at the rate of 2 kg/m2, as well as phosphorus-potassium fertilizers at a dose of 50-60 g/m2. If the soil is acidic, then add a half-liter jar of ash or 100 g of lime to the mixture. When planting, it is better to place plants in rows at a distance of 2-2.5 m, with a row spacing of 4 m.

Soil treatment after planting

It is preferable to keep the soil under fallow for the first 2-3 years, and in the future you can grow green crops (parsley, dill, etc.) with shallow tillage. They loosen it shallowly (at the trunk by 5-8 cm, then about 10 cm). When the roots are mechanically damaged, lush root shoots appear. Grass can be grown around and between tree trunks, which is then mowed and left as fertilizer. This creates favorable conditions for the root system of plants.

When caring for sea buckthorn, all treatments are carried out to a depth of no more than 7 cm. The shallow location of sea buckthorn roots requires constant monitoring of soil moisture. When organizing irrigation, you should proceed from the fact that perennial plantings have a root system located in an 80-centimeter layer of soil. On average, 3-10 buckets of water are required per 1 m2 of tree trunk circle during the dry period. The most important period in this regard is from June to July, when the formation of fruit buds of the next year's harvest occurs. After watering and the formation of a surface crust, the soil must be loosened.

Sea buckthorn feeding

Fertilize with mineral fertilizers (20 g of Kemira-hydro per 10 liters of water and about 3-3.5 liters of solution for each plant). It is advisable to feed fruit-bearing sea buckthorn plants once every 3 years with 10 kg of organic matter and 20-30 g of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers per 1 m 2 of tree trunk circle. Previously, experts did not recommend applying nitrogen fertilizers to fruit-bearing trees. In recent years, it has been established and tested in practice that early spring, as well as during the flowering period and immediately after flowering, especially on sandy and infertile soils, fertilizing with nitrogen in moderate doses (10-15 g) has a positive effect on the yield and size of berries . Instead of mineral fertilizers, you can use liquid fertilizers with slurry, manure or infusion of green grass.

Every year, 1.5 buckets of rotted manure are poured around the tree trunk circles (a layer of about 4-5 cm). It is known that the main part of sea buckthorn roots is located superficially (15-40 cm) and there are nodule formations on the roots that can fix nitrogen, so sea buckthorn roots require access to air. The application of rotted manure is necessary so that new roots are formed and the plant is better anchored in the soil.

In the spring, dry branches are pruned so as not to interfere with the harvesting of fruits, and also so that the plant has a decent appearance, and also in order to prevent pest damage, pests can accumulate on dry branches. The cut branches are burned.
With age, plants produce abundant growth, which should be removed in a timely manner. To do this, use a shovel or hoe to expose the base of the root shoot and remove it with pruners or a knife.

Diseases and pests

In recent years, a pest has appeared on sea buckthorn - a fly (the larvae of the sea buckthorn fly destroy up to 90% of the fruit harvest in some years), which lays eggs in the still green berries, from which larvae are formed. They feed on the juice of the berries and leave them to mummify. Fruits damaged by such flies are easy to detect on the plant - they have a black dot (injection site). To combat the sea buckthorn fly, the well-known sea buckthorn practitioner A. Eidelnant recommends sprinkling the tree trunk circle with rotted manure in early spring so that the overwintered larvae cannot get to the surface.

Diseases include endomycosis, fusarium, and scab. Berries affected by endomycosis turn white, lose their flavor, and are easily crushed in the hands when picked. Sometimes they completely cover the fruiting branches, some of them burst, and the contents of the berries spread over the branches. The next year, the disease-affected bushes bear almost no fruit. Yield losses from endomycosis reach 40%, from scab - up to 50%. Black cancer, cytosporosis, necrosis, and heart rot also cause great damage to sea buckthorn thickets. Most of the crop is destroyed by birds: fieldfare, magpies, crows, etc.

Sea buckthorn blooms simultaneously with the leaves blooming. At this time, male specimens become very dusty. The wind carries pollen up to 100 m, so flowers on female plants are more likely to be pollinated. To be fair, it must be said that in garden plots the lack of one’s own male plants is not such a problem: often the neighboring “men” are also sufficient. But still, for a full-fledged harvest, it is better to take special measures for pollination of females. Some gardeners, during the abundant “dusting” of male plants, hang bottles of water on female specimens, placing branches cut from male plants in them. Others make it even simpler: they shake off pollen from a “male” branch borrowed from their neighbors near the female plants. You can also graft a cutting from a male specimen into the crown of a female specimen (the branch grown from the scion is enough to pollinate three or four female specimens). This way you can increase the number of varieties on the site by selecting them, for example, according to different ripening periods.

Special pollinating varieties have been created for pollinating female sea buckthorn flowers, for example, the Altai variety Gnome, which has no thorns, flower primordia are winter-hardy, and growth is restrained. They can be used for grafting and for planting in the garden.

Nowadays, gardeners have a lot of choice. Quite a lot of varieties of sea buckthorn have been created, they have been tested at variety plots and recommended for cultivation; larger fruits (1 g) have appeared, with rather long stalks. The most interesting varieties include: early ones - Vorobyovskaya Lyubimaya, Chuyskaya, Panteleevskaya, Lyubimaya; medium - Trofimovskaya, Universitetskaya, Moscow Beauty, Gift to the Garden; late ones - Vorobyovskaya, Perchik, Moskvichka, Galerit, Krasno-karminnaya, Elizaveta. Low-growing varieties with a bush height of 1.5-2.5 m also appeared: Galerit, Ryabinovaya, Studencheskaya, Universitetskaya and Mendeleevskaya.

It is better not to purchase seedlings from random sellers. It is difficult for a non-specialist to distinguish a female plant from a male one. It is more profitable to look for the nursery closest to you that has a state license for the production of planting material, and purchase the variety most suitable for your conditions.

Sea buckthorn propagation

Sea buckthorn can be propagated by shoots, layering, lignified and green cuttings, grafting and seeds.
When propagated by shoots, all the characteristics of the mother plant are transmitted. At the same time, you should know that the shoots formed near the mother plant are unsuitable for reproduction; as a rule, they do not have their own roots. Such growth must be removed by carefully removing the top layer of soil down to the horizontal root of the mother plant, and cut off without leaving a stump. Cover the cut area with garden varnish and fill the hole with fertile soil. For propagation, you should use the shoots that have formed no closer than 1.5-2 m from the trunk of the mother plant. In order for the roots of this coppice plant to actively grow, it should be covered with loose, fertile soil in early spring and kept moist throughout the spring and summer. In the spring of next year, the mound is carefully raked. In the place of hilling of a coppice plant, a good root lobe is usually formed. Such a specimen is cut with pruning shears with a small part of the mother root and planted in a permanent place.

Layerings for propagation of sea buckthorn are easier to obtain from young plants when they have branches located close to the surface of the ground. In early spring, select a branch with the strongest annual growth, make a groove about 15 cm deep in the soil, tilt the intended branch and pin it with hooks until it is covered with soil. When side shoots appear on the laid branch, it is sprinkled with fertile, loose soil. During the summer and autumn, the soil of the ditch should be constantly moist. In the spring of next year, carefully dig up the bent branch, separate the rooted annual shoots with pruning shears and plant them for growing or immediately in a permanent place.

For propagation by lignified cuttings during the plant's dormant period (late autumn, winter or early spring), annual lignified cuttings are prepared. They are cut from pre-selected high-yielding, healthy varietal plants. The rooting ability of such cuttings depends to a large extent on their length and thickness. The optimal length of annual growths from which cuttings are taken is about 40 cm, thickness - 6-8 mm. From the harvested annual growths, cuttings 15-20 cm long are cut with a knife or pruning shears, wrapped in a damp cloth, placed in a plastic bag, snow is poured there and placed in a snow pile. To prevent it from melting prematurely, it is sprinkled with sawdust on top in a fairly thick layer of 25-30 cm. A bed for harvested cuttings is prepared in the fall or early spring. Before planting, the cuttings are soaked in warm water for 3-4 days, changing it daily. They are planted vertically or with a slight slope, leaving 2-4 buds on the surface. The distance between plants is from 5 to 20 cm, between rows - from 10 to 30 cm. This depends on the available area and the number of cuttings.

Planting lignified cuttings on black film is effective. To do this, early in the spring the prepared bed is covered with black film. Under it, the soil warms up faster and better, retains moisture and heat longer, and weeds practically do not develop. Maintenance throughout the growing season is usual: watering, loosening. Typically, the roots of cuttings appear 3-4 weeks after planting. By the end of summer, most plants reach a height of 20-30 cm, and under favorable conditions and good care - up to 60 cm. Usually 30-40% of cuttings take root.

The method of propagating sea buckthorn by green cuttings is practically unacceptable for amateur gardeners; fog-forming installations are needed. Although some enthusiasts plant cuttings under a jar or under low arcs with film, providing systematic moistening of the soil and air. On selected green cuttings, cut off the leaf blades, leaving 2-3 upper leaves. The cutting is cut from the current year's growth, and the top of the branch is removed.

Sea buckthorn can also be propagated by seeds, sowing them in the fall. Just be aware that with this method, many of the characteristics of the mother plant may not be preserved. Seedlings grown from seeds are well adapted to growing conditions and produce high yields, but their berries are often small and there are many thorns on the branches. When propagated by seeds, approximately equal numbers of male and female plants are obtained, but their sex can be determined, but not without difficulty, only at the age of 3-4 years. The buds of male plants are larger and round in shape. For a more accurate determination, you should approach an adult male plant, perhaps from a neighbor, and consider the differences in the structure of the buds in male and female plants. For 3-5 female plants, it is enough to plant one male plant.

Sea buckthorn is rarely propagated by grafting. This process is complex. The tissues of grafted cuttings are quite soft, wrinkle at the cut site, and survival rate is usually low. However, you can still try. With skillful handling of grafting materials, the presence of sharply sharpened knives and sufficient dexterity, grafting can be obtained. Sea buckthorn grafting has to be used if there is no male plant in the garden or it has died. In this case, 1-2 cuttings of a male plant can be grafted into the crown of a female plant. This should be done early in the spring before the sap begins to flow. The grafted cuttings should have 2-4 unopened buds. Grafting is usually done using improved copulation; other methods can also be used. If the grafting is successful, after 3-4 weeks you will notice whether it worked.

Collection and storage of berries

If there is a strong overload of fruits, wooden supports (slingshots) are placed. The fruits are harvested in the last ten days of August after they acquire a yellow color and elasticity, and always in dry weather. The collection is carried out manually, if they are located sparsely on the branches and are easily torn off (varieties Nivelena and Lyubitelskaya), or by cutting off part of the branches with fruits (variety Krasno-karminnaya), because they are closely collected as if on a cob and it is difficult to pick them off.

Fresh berries are stored in a cool, dark place for no more than 3 days.

(Shrubs and subshrubs)

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