Our topic today is sentences with direct speech. Examples of such sentences are found everywhere: in fiction, magazines, newspapers, and journalistic materials. Already from the very name “direct speech” it becomes clear that in this case the author of the text conveys the words of a person exactly as they were spoken.

What is the difference between direct speech and indirect speech?

With direct speech, any utterance retains its characteristics - syntactic, lexical and stylistic. It is connected with the words of the author only in intonation and meaning, while remaining an independent construction.

If we are talking about sentences with indirect speech, then the author conveys someone else’s speech without its syntactic, stylistic and lexical features, keeping only the content of the statement unchanged. Moreover, depending on the author’s goals and context, the statement can be changed.

Let's take a closer look at sentences with direct speech. Examples of such structures might look like this:

Ivan said: “Let’s quickly clean up the classroom and go to the park!”
“It’s warm outside today,” Anna noted. “It seems like spring has finally come into its own.”
“Would you like some tea?” - Daniel asked the guests.

Now let’s try to reformulate these same sentences so that instead of direct speech they use indirect speech:

Ivan suggested quickly finishing cleaning the classroom and going to the park.
Anna noted that it had become unusually warm outside and spring had finally come into its own.
Daniel asked the guests if they would like to drink tea.

Basics of spelling sentences with direct speech

Punctuation when conveying direct speech directly depends on how the statement is positioned in a sentence relative to the words of the author.

Direct speech at the beginning of a sentence

The entire statement in this case is highlighted in quotation marks (“”). Depending on the type (exclamation or interrogative), the further transition to the author’s words may be different:

for declarative sentences:“DIRECT SPEECH,” - the words of the author;
for exclamatory (motivational) sentences:"DIRECT SPEECH!" - words of the author;
for interrogative sentences:"DIRECT SPEECH?" - author's words.

Note! In declarative sentences, there is NOT a period at the end of the quotation. But an exclamation or an exclamation mark is a must. In addition, in declarative sentences there is a comma after the quotation marks, but in other cases there is not.

Here are some examples:

“There will be a lot of mushrooms in the forest today,” the grandfather noted.
“Do you think there will be a lot of mushrooms in the forest today?” - asked the boy.
“There are so many mushrooms in the forest today!” - Zhenya exclaimed.

Direct speech at the end of a sentence

In another case, direct speech may be located after the author’s words. Here everything is much simpler: immediately after the author’s words a colon is placed, and the entire quote is again enclosed in quotation marks.

Let's consider similar sentences with direct speech. Examples might look like this:

Anya said: “I read an interesting book.”
The librarian asked: “Have you finished reading the book you borrowed a week ago?”
Dima exclaimed: “I have never read a more interesting story in my life!”

Note! In a declarative sentence, the quotation marks are closed first, and only then a period is added. But if you need to put an exclamation point, it must be placed exclusively inside quotation marks.

Direct speech between the words of the author

If a quote from someone’s statement is located between two fragments of the author’s words, the above rules seem to be combined.

Unclear? Then let's try with direct speech of this type:

He said, “It looks like it’s going to rain today,” and put the umbrella in his bag.
Igor asked: “How are you doing?” - and handed his classmate a bouquet of wild flowers.
Katya shouted: “Faster! All come here!" - and began to wave her arms vigorously to attract attention.

You already know these rules, and therefore there should be no problems with such proposals at all - just be more careful!

Direct speech that is interrupted by the author's text

But this is a rather interesting type of proposal.

As always, direct speech begins with quotation marks. Before the author's words there is a comma and a dash, and after that there is a period, a dash and the continuation of the quotation. Wherein direct speech continues with a capital letter! At the end of a sentence, quotation marks are closed.

Let's look at such sentences with direct speech in practice. Examples that can be given in this case:

“Let's buy a bouquet of flowers,” Lena suggested. “We’ll give it to mom.”
“Grandma loves this set very much,” Roman noted. “My grandfather gave it to me.”

Note! If, due to a break in direct speech, the first part loses its semantic completeness and a feeling of understatement appears, then after the author’s words you need to put a comma, and the continuation of direct speech needs to begin lower case.

“It would be nice,” said Igor, “it would be nice to walk along the embankment in the evening.”
“It seems,” the girl noted, “they promised rain today.”

Simply put, if a sentence can be divided into two, and the reader will still understand everything, a period is needed. And if one of the fragments of direct speech individually does not carry any meaning, it makes sense to put a comma and continue the thought with a small letter.

Parsing sentences with direct speech

With direct speech, it is practically no different from ordinary speech. However, you will need, among other things, to name the author and direct speech, parse them (as two separate sentences), explain the placement of punctuation marks, and also draw a diagram.

This is how, in practice, direct speech turns out to be completely simple and understandable. The main thing is to analyze each example and try to create your own options based on the model.

The author's narrative may include statements or individual words belonging to other persons. There are several ways to introduce someone else's speech into a sentence or text: direct speech, indirect speech, improperly direct speech And dialogue.

1. Punctuation marks in sentences with direct speech

Legend:

P- direct speech starting with a capital letter;
P– direct speech starting with a lowercase letter;
A– author’s words starting with a capital letter;
A– words of the author starting with a lowercase letter.

Exercise

And his father told him
_You, Gavrilo, are great!_
(Ershov)

“Everything will be decided,” he thought, approaching the living room, “I’ll explain it to her myself.” (Pushkin).

He sat down in a chair, put his cane in the corner, yawned and announced that it was getting hot outside (Lermontov).

I didn’t ask my faithful companion why he didn’t take me straight to those places (Turgenev).

Suddenly the driver began to look to the side and, finally, taking off his hat, turned to me and said_ _ Master, would you order me to come back?_ (Pushkin)

No, no, she repeated in despair, it’s better to die, it’s better to go to a monastery, I’d rather marry Dubrovsky.

Oh, my fate is deplorable! _
The princess tells him
If you want to take me
Then deliver it to me in three days
My ring is made of okiyan_.
(Ershov)

I answered with indignation that I, an officer and a nobleman, could not enter into any service with Pugachev and could not accept any orders from him (according to Pushkin).

Sometimes I tell myself_ _ No, of course not! The little prince always covers the rose with a glass cap at night, and he takes great care of the lamb..._ (Antoine de Saint-Exupéry)

The girl tells him_
_But look, you’re gray;
I'm only fifteen years old:
How can we get married?
All the kings will begin to laugh,
Grandfather, they will say, took his granddaughter!_
(Ershov)

He reported_ _ that the governor ordered his officials on special assignments to wear spurs_ (according to Turgenev).

He sat down next to me and began to tell me what a famous surname and important upbringing he had (according to Leskov).

It doesn’t matter, Petrusha, my mother told me, this is your imprisoned father; kiss his hand and may he bless you..._ (Pushkin)

It used to be that you would stand in the corner, so that your knees and back would ache, and you would think_ _ Karl Ivanovich forgot about me; It must be calm for him to sit on an easy chair and read hydrostatics - but what does it feel like for me?_ _ and you begin, to remind yourself of yourself, slowly opening and closing the damper or picking the plaster from the wall (Tolstoy).

You are not our sovereign_ _ replied Ivan Ignatich, repeating the words of his captain._ You, uncle, are a thief and an impostor!_ (Pushkin)

The next day, at breakfast, Grigory Ivanovich asked his daughter if she still intended to hide from the Berestovs (Pushkin).

If the narration includes the statements of other people, then they form the so-called “alien speech” (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Methods of transmitting someone else’s speech ()

Petrov said: “ Finding treasure is a great idea!» - straight speech

Petrov said that finding the treasure is a great idea . - indirect speech.

In someone else's speech also called the author’s own statement, which he has uttered previously or is about to utter, as well as the thoughts of the author or other people:

I’ll go up to him tomorrow and say “ I won’t look for treasure with you, I’ll find one myself!»

or with indirect speech:

I'll go up to him tomorrow and say that I won’t look for treasure with them, but I’ll find it alone.

Direct speech- This is a literal reproduction of someone else's statement. To convey it, special syntactic constructions are used, which consist of two components: words author and actually direct speech.

(from the Greek dialogos - conversation) is used in cases where it is necessary to convey several replicas of characters talking to each other (Fig. 2).

Direct speech in such constructions it is a mandatory component, but the author’s words may be missing.

Indirect speech- This is a retelling of someone else's statement. To form it, one of the types of subordinate clauses is used - a construction with an explanatory clause.

The main part of such proposals is built on behalf of the author of the text and matches the words author in direct speech, and the subordinate part conveys the content statements and corresponds to direct speech.

Indirect speech

How are the author’s words and direct speech indicated? Punctuation marks for direct speech

Seventh-graders of pedagogical gymnasium No. 1505 in Moscow developed and compiled a collection of exercises for their younger fellow students (supervisor I.L. STARIKOVA). This is how they do project activities - one of the types of research work - at this school.
In the fall, children in grades 6–10 choose a project topic, and during the winter session they defend the project as an exam.

Compilers of the collection are 7th grade students
Nadezhda ZAVYALOVA,
Nikita FILATOV,
Ivan TRIFONOV,
Andrey YUSHIN,
Karen LALAYAN,
GOU gymnasium No. 1505,
Moscow

Direct speech

Seventh graders make a book of exercises

I. Linguistic phenomenon
(What is direct speech?)

Direct speech - This is the transmission of someone else's speech, preserving its content and form. It accurately reproduces someone else’s statement and is accompanied by the author’s words.

"Guys let's be friends!" – Leopold the cat said with a smile.

Direct speech can include not one, but several sentences.

The pike began to beg Emelya: “Don’t destroy me, Emelya. Let it go into the river. Do you want me to make you rich for this?”

II. Spelling aspect
(Punctuation)

To highlight direct speech, quotation marks are used. The author's words can appear before, after, or inside direct speech.

Direct Speech Sentence Schemes

"P!" - A.

"Leopold, we surrender!" - shouted the mice, swimming in a glass of soda.

“P” – a.

“Frog, frog, give me my arrow,” Ivan Tsarevich begged.

"P?" - A.

“Do you know where you ended up?” – the robber Barmaley asked Doctor Aibolit.

A: "P".

The sly fox grinned and said: “Let me divide the cheese equally between you.”

A: “P?”

The wolf licked his lips and asked: “Where are you going, Little Red Riding Hood?”

A: “P!”

A fox rides on a wolf and slowly sings: “The beaten one carries the unbeaten, the beaten one carries the unbeaten!”

“P, – a, – p?”

“You say,” said the Needlewoman, “that you are kind, but why do you keep green grass under a snowy feather bed?”

"P! - A. - P!"

“Sivka-Burka, prophetic kaurka! - Ivanushka the Fool shouted. “Stand before me like a leaf before the grass!”

"P! - A. - P".

“Show me! - Danila the master shouted. “I can’t live without a flower.”

“P, – a. - P?"

“Hey, master,” Buratino said importantly. “Will you give us three crusts of bread?”

"P? - A. - P!"

“What kind of fool is he? - people whispered. “He’s cunning if he made the buckets move!”

Conventions.

- the easiest task
– moderate task
- the most difficult task

Exercise No. 1

* If you have any difficulties, see the diagrams at the beginning of the collection.

Autumn came, and the sun was no longer so hot. “It’s time for us to think about winter,” Naf-Naf once said. But the brothers decided that they would walk and jump in the meadow. “Winter is still far away,” said Nif-Nif and somersaulted over his head. Nuf-Nuf lay down in a puddle and said: “When necessary, I will build myself a house.” Every day it became colder and colder. “Today we’ll take another walk, and tomorrow morning we’ll get down to business,” said the piglets. When a large puddle near the road began to be covered with a thin crust of ice in the morning, the lazy brothers decided to get to work. And only the hardworking Naf-Naf, building a house, believed that his house should be a fortress.

(Seventh graders provided the keys to all connected texts. They are not in this publication. - Red.)

Exercise No. 1

Read the text and write out sentences with direct speech from it.

Ole Lukoje quietly opens the door, and the children’s eyelids begin to stick together.
“Do you want to visit foreign lands at night and return home by morning?” – Ole asked Hjalmar.
The stork flapped his wide wings and flew to warmer lands.
“Tomorrow they will make soup from these chickens,” said Hjalmar and woke up in his small bed.
Ole-Lukoje said: “This mouse has come to invite you to the wedding.”
“How can I get through the small hole in the floor?” - asked the boy.
“What a wonderful smell! The whole corridor smells like lard! What could be better? - the mouse squeaked.
“What will you tell today?” - asked Hjalmar.
He opened his beautiful umbrella over the boy and said: “There is no time today!”