What is the 2nd belt of the water protection zone. What is a protective coastal strip
VK RF Article 65. Water protection zones and coastal protective strips
1. Water protection zones are territories that are adjacent to the coastline (borders of a water body) of seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and on which a special regime for economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as preserving the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of flora and fauna.
2. Coastal protective strips are established within the boundaries of water protection zones, in the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.
3. Outside the territories of cities and other populated areas, the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protective strip are established from the location of the corresponding coastline (border of the water body), and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protective strip stripes - from the line of maximum tide. In the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protective strips of these water bodies coincide with the parapets of the embankments; the width of the water protection zone in such territories is established from the embankment parapet.
(see text in the previous edition)
4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length of:
1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;
2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;
3) from fifty kilometers or more - in the amount of two hundred meters.
5. For a river or stream less than ten kilometers long from source to mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protective strip. The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of a river or stream is set at fifty meters.
6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, reservoir, with the exception of a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, reservoir with a water area of less than 0.5 square kilometers, is set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is set equal to the width of the water protection zone of this watercourse.
(see text in the previous edition)
7. The boundaries of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal are established in accordance with the Federal Law of May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ “On the Protection of Lake Baikal”.
(see text in the previous edition)
8. The width of the sea water protection zone is five hundred meters.
9. Water protection zones of main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the allotment strips of such canals.
10. Water protection zones for rivers and their parts placed in closed collectors are not established.
11. The width of the coastal protective strip is set depending on the slope of the shore of the water body and is thirty meters for a reverse or zero slope, forty meters for a slope of up to three degrees and fifty meters for a slope of three degrees or more.
12. For flowing and drainage lakes and corresponding watercourses located within the boundaries of swamps, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at fifty meters.
13. The width of the coastal protective strip of a river, lake, or reservoir that is of particularly valuable fishery importance (spawning, feeding, wintering areas for fish and other aquatic biological resources) is set at two hundred meters, regardless of the slope of the adjacent lands.
(see text in the previous edition)
14. In the territories of populated areas, in the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of coastal protective strips coincide with the parapets of the embankments. The width of the water protection zone in such areas is established from the embankment parapet. In the absence of an embankment, the width of the water protection zone or coastal protective strip is measured from the location of the coastline (the boundary of the water body).
(see text in the previous edition)
15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones it is prohibited:
1) use of wastewater to regulate soil fertility;
(see text in the previous edition)
2) placement of cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, production and consumption waste disposal sites, chemical, explosive, toxic, poisonous and poisonous substances, radioactive waste disposal sites;
(see text in the previous edition)
3) implementation of aviation measures to combat pests;
(see text in the previous edition)
4) movement and parking of vehicles (except for special vehicles), with the exception of their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with hard surfaces;
5) placement of gas stations, warehouses of fuel and lubricants (except for cases where gas stations, warehouses of fuel and lubricants are located in the territories of ports, shipbuilding and ship repair organizations, infrastructure of inland waterways, subject to compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and of this Code), service stations used for technical inspection and repair of vehicles, washing vehicles;
6) placement of specialized storage facilities for pesticides and agrochemicals, use of pesticides and agrochemicals;
7) discharge of wastewater, including drainage water;
8) exploration and production of common mineral resources (except for cases where exploration and production of common mineral resources is carried out by subsoil users engaged in exploration and production of other types of mineral resources, within the boundaries of mining allotments allocated to them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on subsoil resources and (or ) geological allotments on the basis of an approved technical design in accordance with Article 19.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N 2395-1 “On Subsoil”).
16. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed, provided that such facilities are equipped with structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion in accordance with water legislation and legislation in field of environmental protection. The choice of the type of structure that ensures the protection of a water body from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion is carried out taking into account the need to comply with the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms established in accordance with environmental legislation. For the purposes of this article, structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion are understood as:
1) centralized drainage (sewage) systems, centralized storm drainage systems;
Article 65 of the Water Code:
Water protection zones(WHO) – territories that are adjacent to the coastline of water bodies and where a special regime of activities is established to prevent pollution, etc. of water bodies and water depletion, as well as to preserve the habitat of aquatic biological resources.
Within the boundaries of water protection zones, coastal protective strips(PZP), in the territories of which additional restrictions are introduced.
WHO width And PZP installed:
Outside the territories of settlements – from coastline,
For the seas - from high tide lines;
If there are embankment parapets and sewerage, then the boundaries of the PZP coincide with this embankment parapet, from which the width of the WHO is measured.
WHO width is:
For rivers and streams less than 10 km from the source to the mouth, WHO = LWP = 50 m, and the radius of the WHO around the source is 50 m.
For rivers from 10 to 50 km WHO = 100 m
Longer than 50 km, WHO = 200 m
WHO lakes, reservoirs with a water area of more than 0.5 km 2 = 50 m
WHO reservoirs on a watercourse = WHO width of this watercourse
WHO main or inter-farm canals = canal right-of-way.
WHO sea = 500 m
WHO is not established for swamps
PZP width is set depending on the slope of the shore of the water body:
Reverse or zero slope PZP = 30 m.
Slope from 0 to 3 degrees = 40 m.
More than 3 degrees = 50 m.
If the water body has especially valuable fishery value(places of spawning, feeding, wintering of fish and aquatic biological resources), then the surface area is 200 m, regardless of the slope.
PZP lakes within the boundaries of the swamps And watercourses= 50 m.
Within WHO boundaries prohibited:
Use of wastewater for fertilizer;
Placement of cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, places of burial of production and consumption waste, chemical, toxic and noxious substances and radioactive waste;
Use of aviation measures to combat pests and plant diseases;
Movement and parking of vehicles (except for special ones), with the exception of movement and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with hard surfaces.
For sites on WHO territory sewage treatment plants are required, including treatment facilities for stormwater drains.
Within the boundaries of the PZP prohibited:
Same restrictions as for WHO; Use of wastewater for fertilizer;
Plowing the land;
Placement of dumps of eroded soils;
Grazing farm animals and organizing summer camps and baths for them.
Engineering, technical and technological activities
1. Selection of machinery and equipment, raw materials and materials, technological processes and operations with less specific impact on the aquatic environment:
a. efficient water consumption schemes (circulating systems);
b. optimal routing schemes for utility networks,
c. low-waste technologies, etc.
2. Organized disposal and treatment of industrial wastewater. When constructing a new facility, choose a separate drainage system for storm, industrial and domestic wastewater.
3. Collection and separate treatment of wastewater contaminated with petroleum products.
4. Automation of control over the efficiency of local treatment facilities;
5. Prevention of filtration from sewer networks (operation, repair).
6. Measures to prevent storm water pollution (cleaning up areas).
7. Special measures for construction (construction site equipment, cleaning and wheel washing stations).
8. Reduction of unorganized wastewater;
9. Limiting the amount of wastewater contaminated with petroleum products discharged into storm drain systems.
10. Equipping with means of monitoring the efficiency of installations and equipment for environmental purposes (grease traps, VOCs).
11. Measures for the removal and temporary storage of soil and plant soil with separate storage of the fertile soil layer and potentially fertile rocks;
12. Carrying out vertical planning and landscaping of the territory of engineering facilities, improvement of adjacent territories.
13. Special for the construction phase (PIC).
Wheel washing. SNiP 12-01-2004. Organization of construction, clause 5.1
At the request of the local self-government body, the construction site can be equipped... points for cleaning or washing vehicle wheels at exits, and on linear objects - in places indicated by local self-government bodies.
If it is necessary to temporarily use certain territories not included in the construction site for construction needs that do not pose a danger to the population and the environment, the regime of use, protection (if necessary) and cleaning of these territories is determined by agreement with the owners of these territories (for public territories - with local self-government body).
P. 5.5. The contractor ensures the safety of the work for the environment, while:
Provides cleaning of the construction site and the adjacent five-meter area; garbage and snow must be removed to the places and times established by the local government;
Not allowed release of water from the construction site without protection against erosion surfaces;
At drilling works takes measures to preventing overflow groundwater;
Performs neutralization And organization industrial and domestic wastewater...
VOC. MU 2.1.5.800-99. Drainage of populated areas, sanitary protection of water bodies. Organization of state sanitary and epidemiological supervision of wastewater disinfection
3.2. The most dangerous in terms of epidemics include the following types of wastewater:
Domestic wastewater;
Municipal mixed (industrial and domestic) wastewater;
Wastewater from infectious diseases hospitals;
Wastewater from livestock and poultry farming facilities and enterprises for processing livestock products, wastewater from wool washers, biofactories, meat processing plants, etc.;
Surface storm drains;
Mine and quarry wastewater;
Drainage waters.
3.5. In accordance with sanitary rules for the protection of surface waters from pollution, wastewater hazardous in epidemic terms, must be disinfected.
The need for disinfection of wastewater of these categories is justified by the conditions of their disposal and use in agreement with the state sanitary and epidemiological authorities in the territories.
Wastewater is subject to mandatory disinfection when discharged into water bodies recreational And sports purpose, during their industrial reuse, etc.
1. Water protection zones are territories that are adjacent to the coastline of seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and on which a special regime for economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion of their waters, as well as preserving the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of flora and fauna.
2. Coastal protective strips are established within the boundaries of water protection zones, in the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.
3. Outside the territories of cities and other populated areas, the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protective strip are established from the corresponding coastline, and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protective strip - from the line of maximum tide . In the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protective strips of these water bodies coincide with the parapets of the embankments; the width of the water protection zone in such territories is established from the embankment parapet.
4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length of:
1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;
2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;
3) from fifty kilometers or more - in the amount of two hundred meters.
5. For a river or stream less than ten kilometers long from source to mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protective strip. The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of a river or stream is set at fifty meters.
6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, reservoir, with the exception of a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, reservoir with a water area of less than 0.5 square kilometers, is set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is set equal to the width of the water protection zone of this watercourse.
7. The boundaries of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal are established in accordance with the Federal Law of May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ “On the Protection of Lake Baikal”.
8. The width of the sea water protection zone is five hundred meters.
9. Water protection zones of main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the allotment strips of such canals.
10. Water protection zones for rivers and their parts placed in closed collectors are not established.
11. The width of the coastal protective strip is set depending on the slope of the shore of the water body and is thirty meters for a reverse or zero slope, forty meters for a slope of up to three degrees and fifty meters for a slope of three degrees or more.
12. For flowing and drainage lakes and corresponding watercourses located within the boundaries of swamps, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at fifty meters.
13. The width of the coastal protective strip of a river, lake, or reservoir that is of particularly valuable fishery importance (spawning, feeding, wintering areas for fish and other aquatic biological resources) is set at two hundred meters, regardless of the slope of the adjacent lands.
14. In the territories of populated areas, in the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of coastal protective strips coincide with the parapets of the embankments. The width of the water protection zone in such areas is established from the embankment parapet. In the absence of an embankment, the width of the water protection zone or coastal protective strip is measured from the coastline.
15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones it is prohibited:
1) use of wastewater to regulate soil fertility;
2) placement of cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, production and consumption waste disposal sites, chemical, explosive, toxic, poisonous and poisonous substances, radioactive waste disposal sites;
3) implementation of aviation measures to combat pests;
4) movement and parking of vehicles (except for special vehicles), with the exception of their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with hard surfaces;
5) placement of gas stations, warehouses of fuel and lubricants (except for cases where gas stations, warehouses of fuel and lubricants are located in the territories of ports, shipbuilding and ship repair organizations, infrastructure of inland waterways, subject to compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and of this Code), service stations used for technical inspection and repair of vehicles, washing vehicles;
6) placement of specialized storage facilities for pesticides and agrochemicals, use of pesticides and agrochemicals;
7) discharge of wastewater, including drainage water;
8) exploration and production of common mineral resources (except for cases where exploration and production of common mineral resources is carried out by subsoil users engaged in exploration and production of other types of mineral resources, within the boundaries of mining allotments allocated to them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on subsoil resources and (or ) geological allotments on the basis of an approved technical design in accordance with Article 19.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N 2395-1 “On Subsoil”).
16. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed, provided that such facilities are equipped with structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion in accordance with water legislation and legislation in field of environmental protection. The choice of the type of structure that ensures the protection of a water body from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion is carried out taking into account the need to comply with the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms established in accordance with environmental legislation. For the purposes of this article, structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion are understood as:
1) centralized drainage (sewage) systems, centralized storm drainage systems;
2) structures and systems for the removal (discharge) of wastewater into centralized drainage systems (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water), if they are intended to receive such water;
3) local treatment facilities for wastewater treatment (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water), ensuring their treatment based on standards established in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and this Code;
4) structures for collecting production and consumption waste, as well as structures and systems for disposal (discharge) of wastewater (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water) into receivers made of waterproof materials.
16.1. In relation to the territories of gardening, gardening or dacha non-profit associations of citizens located within the boundaries of water protection zones and not equipped with wastewater treatment facilities, until they are equipped with such facilities and (or) connected to the systems specified in paragraph 1 of part 16 of this article, it is allowed the use of receivers made of waterproof materials that prevent the entry of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms into the environment.
17. Within the boundaries of coastal protective strips, along with the restrictions established by part 15 of this article, the following are prohibited:
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COASTAL PROTECTIVE BAND - a coastal territory of a specified width from the water's edge of a water body, which is part of the water protection zone.[...]
In the coastal protective strips of water protection zones, it is allowed to locate recreational facilities, water supply facilities, fishing and hunting facilities, as well as water intake, port and hydraulic structures, subject to a water use license.[...]
Within the coastal protective strips, in addition to the restrictions established for water protection zones, the following are prohibited: plowing of land; application of fertilizers; storage of dumps of eroded soils; grazing and organizing summer camps for livestock (except for the use of traditional watering places), arranging bathing baths; installation of seasonal stationary tent camps, placement of summer cottages and garden plots and allocation of plots for individual construction; movement of cars and tractors, except for special purpose vehicles.[...]
In forests of water protection zones and coastal protective strips, final felling is prohibited. It is permitted to carry out intermediate cuttings and other forestry activities that ensure the protection of water bodies.[...]
Within water protection zones, coastal protective strips are distinguished, which are directly adjacent to water bodies. Within their limits, in addition to the restrictions in force in water protection zones, it is prohibited to plow land, use fertilizers, store dumps of eroded soils, install seasonal tent camps, place summer cottages and garden plots, allocate plots for individual construction, lay out driveways and roads, and vehicle traffic. , tractors and mechanisms.[...]
Within water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, in the territories of which additional restrictions on environmental management are introduced.[...]
Within water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established where excavation of land, cutting and uprooting of forests, placement of livestock farms and camps, as well as other activities are prohibited. The procedure for establishing the size and boundaries of water protection zones, their coastal protective strips, as well as the regime for their use are established by the Government of the Russian Federation. In order to protect water bodies, it is also envisaged to establish other zones: sanitary protection, environmental emergency and environmental disaster on water bodies. The latter include those where, as a result of economic activity or natural processes, changes occur that threaten human health, flora and fauna, and the state of the natural environment.[...]
Territorial standards include sanitary protection zones of industrial facilities (individual enterprises or groups, industrial units), water protection zones (including coastal protective strips), sanitary protection zones for surface and underground water intakes, sanitary protection districts. [...]
It is as a result of the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protective strips and a special regime for economic and other activities within their boundaries that the protection and restoration of surface water bodies and the improvement of their hydrological regime are ensured.[...]
Maintaining water protection zones, coastal protective strips and water protection signs in proper condition is the responsibility of water users. At the same time, land owners, landowners and land users on whose lands there are water protection zones and coastal protective strips are required to comply with the established regime for the use of these zones and strips. Thus, water protection zones and coastal protective strips can be considered rather as restrictions on land rights established in accordance with Art. 56 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation.[...]
Additionally, to protect water bodies, coastal protective strips are installed, which are part of water protection zones, the territory of which is directly adjacent to water bodies. They should be occupied by forest-shrub vegetation or tinned. The minimum width of strips is set depending on topographic conditions and types of land adjacent to the water body. For water bodies of the highest fishery category, coastal protective strips must be at least 100 m. [...]
The procedure for establishing the size and boundaries of water protection zones and their coastal protective strips, as well as the regime for their use, are established by the government of the Russian Federation.[...]
The regulations establish the minimum width of water protection zones and coastal protective strips for various water bodies: for rivers, oxbow lakes and lakes - from the average long-term water level in the summer; for reservoirs - from the water's edge at normal retaining level; for seas - from the maximum tide level; for swamps - from their border (zero depth of the peat deposit). The minimum width of water protection zones is established for river sections extending from their source: up to 10 km - 50 m, from 10 to 50 km - 100 m, from 50 to 100 km - 200 m, from 100 to 200 km - 300 m, from 200 to 500 km - 400 m, from 500 km and more - 500 m.[...]
A special legal regime is established for certain types of 3. c. f., which include water protection zones and coastal protective strips.[...]
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 1996 “On approval of the Regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips” // SZ RF, 1996, No. 49, art. 5567.[...]
Isolation of such 3. h. provides for a law on the use and protection of natural resources, environmental legislation. Protective ecological zones include water protection zones of water bodies with coastal protective strips allocated within their boundaries, protective zones (districts) created to protect natural complexes of specially protected natural areas from anthropogenic influences, protective areas to ensure the life cycles of animals.[...]
The standards and regime of water protection zones are determined by the Water Code of the Russian Federation (Article 111) and the Regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 23, 1996. A water protection zone is the territory adjacent to the water areas of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs and other surface water bodies, where a special regime of economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation and depletion of water bodies, as well as to preserve the habitat of flora and fauna. The water protection zone is created as an integral part of environmental measures, as well as measures to improve the hydrological regime and technical condition, and improve water bodies and their coastal areas. Within water protection zones, coastal protective strips are established, in the territories of which additional restrictions on environmental management are introduced.[...]
The task of executive authorities is to bring to the attention of interested organizations and citizens decisions (decisions) on the boundaries of water protection zones and coastal strips of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and their water protection regime. State control over compliance with the procedure for establishing the size and boundaries, as well as the regime of economic and other activities within water protection zones and coastal protective strips, is entrusted to the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, basin and other territorial bodies for managing the use and protection of the water fund of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, specifically authorized state bodies in the field of environmental protection, state bodies for managing the use and protection of land and specially authorized forestry management bodies within the limits of their powers.[...]
Sometimes in the legal literature water protection zones are considered as OOGTR. However, from a formal point of view, this position does not seem entirely correct. Neither the Water Code nor the Regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal protective strips define water protection zones in general as specially protected natural areas. At the same time, the Water Code of the Russian Federation contains a provision according to which water protection zones of water bodies that are sources of drinking water supply or spawning grounds for valuable fish species are declared specially protected areas in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation (Part 6 of Article 111). As follows from the meaning of Art. 2 of the Law on Protected Natural Areas, subjects of the Russian Federation have the right to classify water protection zones as specially protected natural areas, which is already being done in some regions (for example, in the Amur region)”10 or the city of Moscow. The Land Code classifies areas occupied by water protection zones and coastal protective strips as environmental lands (see section 2.1).[...]
Lake Baikal has the status of a World Heritage Site and is included in the UNESCO list. This object is one of the largest on the list and includes the water area of the lake (with Olkhon Island and other islands) and its natural environment within the boundaries of the first catchment. The coastal protective strip of the lake includes little-changed mountain-taiga landscapes of the Barguzinsky, Primorsky, Khamar-Da-ban ridges, etc. and the Selenga delta. More remote, but ecologically significant areas of Lake Baikal are designated as various kinds of specially protected natural areas and objects.[...]
When developing the Concept of the System of Protected Natural Areas in Russia, its developers proceeded from a broad understanding of protected natural areas3. Protected natural areas (PNA) - natural areas allocated for the purpose of nature conservation, for which a special regime of environmental management and protection has been established (specially protected natural areas, forests of various protection categories, specially protected forest areas, water protection zones and coastal protective strips, sanitary protection zones sources of drinking water supply, protective areas allocated for the protection of fauna, natural landscapes within the boundaries of historical and cultural museum-reserves, reserved territories, lands of anti-erosion, pasture-protective and field-protective plantings, other lands performing environmental functions and classified as lands environmental purposes, etc.). In this interpretation, specially protected natural areas are an element of a more general system of protected natural areas.[...]
In order to maintain water bodies in a condition that meets environmental requirements, ensure the protection and rational use of water resources when carrying out economic and other activities on the territory of the Russian Federation, the Water Code of the Russian Federation (dated November 16, 1995 No. 167-FZ) and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the approved Regulations on water protection zones of water bodies and their coastal strips" dated November 23, 1996 No. 1404 provides for the establishment of water protection zones and coastal protective strips. Practical work in this direction is carried out by the basin departments of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia, which prepare Lists of water bodies in the region indicating their sizes. The lists are approved by order of the governor.[...]
To maintain water bodies in a condition that meets environmental requirements, eliminates pollution, clogging and depletion of surface water and preserves the habitat of animals and plants, water protection zones are organized. They are territories adjacent to the waters of rivers, reservoirs and other surface water bodies; they are subject to a special regime for the use and protection of natural resources, as well as the implementation of other activities. Within the specified zones, coastal protective strips are established, where it is not allowed to plow the land, cut down forests, place farms, etc.[...]
Particular attention should be paid to the special justification for the purpose of the water treatment plant in Cheboksary, the creation of artificial watercourses and reservoirs as protected objects, settling ponds for wastewater, etc. Due to the fact that the natural waters of Cheboksary are characterized by a high degree of pollution, their rehabilitation is necessary. This is a complex of impacts on natural waters and other components of the ecosystem in order to restore the latter’s lost properties and qualities (Orlov, Chernogaeva, 1999). Inside the Cheboksary Water Protection Zone, a coastal protective strip with the most stringent regime should be allocated, although this measure will cause a negative attitude from the owners of summer cottages and garages located in the valleys of small rivers. This should not scare us, since it is the river valleys that provide the city with its ecological framework. Water protection in Cheboksary must be observed not only for open natural channels, but also for canals, watercourses in pipes, collectors, embankments, etc. Therefore, when arranging embankments, drainages and filters should be installed at their base to ensure a hydraulic connection of groundwater and surface waters. In addition, such a connection always arises when trying to fill up streams and ravines, channel diversion, etc. In this case, under-channel flows and other groundwater are formed, which should also be taken into account when arranging the water intake. It is obvious that it is inadmissible to discharge untreated storm and melt water into the city’s hydrographic network, from where it then flows into the Cheboksary reservoir.[...]
Mole alloy, despite its simplicity, has disadvantages. Significant losses of wood are associated with the release of logs onto the banks and especially with their sinking. Deciduous trees sink and get wet most quickly: birch, aspen, maple, etc. Moth alloy affects the natural state of rivers and causes great damage to fisheries. Sunken wood and bark litter the riverbed, and when they decompose, oxygen is absorbed and harmful substances are released that poison the water. Floating logs often injure fish going to spawn, destroy spawning grounds and banks, which contributes to siltation of the riverbed. To facilitate the management of timber rafting, the coastal protective strip of bushes is usually cut down, which leads to intense erosion of the banks, contributes to siltation of riverbeds and water pollution by surface runoff.[...]
Administrative liability for water offences. Perhaps, during the administrative reform, this part of Russian legislation (except for the introduction of general environmental offenses) has undergone the greatest changes. The legislator decided not only to significantly expand the list of elements of water offenses, but also used the means of legal technology to the maximum extent when formulating the characteristics of the subject and the objective side, trying to specify them. Thus, the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses contains Part 1 of Art. 7.2 compositions for destruction or damage to observation regime wells for groundwater, observation regime sites on water bodies, water management or water protection information signs, signs defining the boundaries of coastal protective strips and water protection zones of a water body; in Art. 7.6 - elements of unauthorized occupation of a water body or part thereof and use of them without permission (license) or without an agreement or in violation of the terms of the permission (license), agreement; in Art. 7.7 - composition of damage to hydraulic, water management, water protection structures, devices or installations; in Art. 7.8 - composition of unauthorized occupation of a land plot of a coastal protective strip, water protection zone of a water body or zone (district) of sanitary protection of sources of drinking and domestic water supply; in Art. 7.10 - elements of unauthorized assignment of the right to use a water body and unauthorized exchange of a water body; in Art. 8.12 - elements of violation of the procedure for allotment of land plots, the procedure for providing forests for use in water protection zones and coastal strips of water bodies, violation of the regime of their use; in Art.[...]
In 1999-2000 when checking the implementation of water legislation (in connection with the pollution of the water area with insufficiently treated and contaminated wastewater), more than 5.6 thousand violations were identified, for the commission of which 2,360 persons were brought to various types of legal liability as a result of 1,912 submissions by prosecutors, and 42 illegal ones were protested legal act. Prosecutor's inspections established that in the area of the Ivankovo reservoir - the main source of drinking water supply in Moscow, from which 6 million cubic meters are supplied per day. m of water for the capital, no more than 20% of treatment facilities actually operate, while more than 100 million cubic meters are received annually from the territories of enterprises and 27 settlements. m of wastewater, half of which is not treated to the standard level. Employees of the prosecutor's office achieved the repair of treatment facilities at 12 enterprises, the commissioning of treatment facilities with a capacity of 2000 cubic meters. m at the Zavidovskaya poultry farm, the removal of 14 objects from the banks of the reservoir, including 4 livestock complexes, about 40 objects, at the request of the prosecutor's office, passed the state environmental assessment, more than 200 violations were suppressed, in particular, unauthorized construction in a 15-meter coastal protective strip, unauthorized construction of berths and boathouses, etc., unauthorized construction of more than 30 cottages, the village of Zeleny Bor with 300 houses, was suspended, nine claims were filed in court for the demolition of unauthorized buildings, of which five have already been satisfied.
Water protection zones are territories that are adjacent to the coastline (borders of a water body) of seas, rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and in which a special regime for economic and other activities is established in order to prevent pollution, clogging, siltation of these water bodies and depletion their waters, as well as preserving the habitat of aquatic biological resources and other objects of flora and fauna.
2. Coastal protective strips are established within the boundaries of water protection zones, in the territories of which additional restrictions on economic and other activities are introduced.
3. Outside the territories of cities and other populated areas, the width of the water protection zone of rivers, streams, canals, lakes, reservoirs and the width of their coastal protective strip are established from the location of the corresponding coastline (border of the water body), and the width of the water protection zone of the seas and the width of their coastal protective strip stripes - from the line of maximum tide. In the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of the coastal protective strips of these water bodies coincide with the parapets of the embankments; the width of the water protection zone in such territories is established from the embankment parapet.
4. The width of the water protection zone of rivers or streams is established from their source for rivers or streams with a length of:
1) up to ten kilometers - in the amount of fifty meters;
2) from ten to fifty kilometers - in the amount of one hundred meters;
3) from fifty kilometers or more - in the amount of two hundred meters.
5. For a river or stream less than ten kilometers long from source to mouth, the water protection zone coincides with the coastal protective strip. The radius of the water protection zone for the sources of a river or stream is set at fifty meters.
6. The width of the water protection zone of a lake, reservoir, with the exception of a lake located inside a swamp, or a lake, reservoir with a water area of less than 0.5 square kilometers, is set at fifty meters. The width of the water protection zone of a reservoir located on a watercourse is set equal to the width of the water protection zone of this watercourse.
7. The boundaries of the water protection zone of Lake Baikal are established in accordance with the Federal Law of May 1, 1999 N 94-FZ “On the Protection of Lake Baikal”.
8. The width of the sea water protection zone is five hundred meters.
9. Water protection zones of main or inter-farm canals coincide in width with the allotment strips of such canals.
10. Water protection zones for rivers and their parts placed in closed collectors are not established.
11. The width of the coastal protective strip is set depending on the slope of the shore of the water body and is thirty meters for a reverse or zero slope, forty meters for a slope of up to three degrees and fifty meters for a slope of three degrees or more.
12. For flowing and drainage lakes and corresponding watercourses located within the boundaries of swamps, the width of the coastal protective strip is set at fifty meters.
13. The width of the coastal protective strip of a river, lake, or reservoir that is of particularly valuable fishery importance (spawning, feeding, wintering areas for fish and other aquatic biological resources) is set at two hundred meters, regardless of the slope of the adjacent lands.
14. In the territories of populated areas, in the presence of centralized storm drainage systems and embankments, the boundaries of coastal protective strips coincide with the parapets of the embankments. The width of the water protection zone in such areas is established from the embankment parapet. In the absence of an embankment, the width of the water protection zone or coastal protective strip is measured from the location of the coastline (the boundary of the water body).
15. Within the boundaries of water protection zones it is prohibited:
2) placement of cemeteries, cattle burial grounds, production and consumption waste disposal sites, chemical, explosive, toxic, poisonous and poisonous substances, radioactive waste disposal sites;
4) movement and parking of vehicles (except for special vehicles), with the exception of their movement on roads and parking on roads and in specially equipped places with hard surfaces;
Information about changes:
Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013 supplemented Part 15 of Article 65 of this Code with paragraph 5
5) placement of gas stations, warehouses of fuel and lubricants (except for cases where gas stations, warehouses of fuel and lubricants are located in the territories of ports, shipbuilding and ship repair organizations, infrastructure of inland waterways, subject to compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and of this Code), service stations used for technical inspection and repair of vehicles, washing vehicles;
Information about changes:
Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013 supplemented Part 15 of Article 65 of this Code with paragraph 6
6) placement of specialized storage facilities for pesticides and agrochemicals, use of pesticides and agrochemicals;
Information about changes:
Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013 supplemented Part 15 of Article 65 of this Code with paragraph 7
7) discharge of wastewater, including drainage water;
Information about changes:
Federal Law No. 282-FZ of October 21, 2013 supplemented Part 15 of Article 65 of this Code with paragraph 8
8) exploration and production of common mineral resources (except for cases where exploration and production of common mineral resources is carried out by subsoil users engaged in exploration and production of other types of mineral resources, within the boundaries of mining allotments allocated to them in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on subsoil resources and (or ) geological allotments on the basis of an approved technical design in accordance with Article 19.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 21, 1992 N 2395-I “On Subsoil”).
16. Within the boundaries of water protection zones, design, construction, reconstruction, commissioning, operation of economic and other facilities are allowed, provided that such facilities are equipped with structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion in accordance with water legislation and legislation in field of environmental protection. The choice of the type of structure that ensures the protection of a water body from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion is carried out taking into account the need to comply with the standards for permissible discharges of pollutants, other substances and microorganisms established in accordance with environmental legislation. For the purposes of this article, structures that ensure the protection of water bodies from pollution, clogging, siltation and water depletion are understood as:
1) centralized drainage (sewage) systems, centralized storm drainage systems;
2) structures and systems for the removal (discharge) of wastewater into centralized drainage systems (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water), if they are intended to receive such water;
3) local treatment facilities for wastewater treatment (including rain, melt, infiltration, irrigation and drainage water), ensuring their treatment based on standards established in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection and this Code;
