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Atlantic Ocean: interesting facts. sea element

All-Russian competition of professional skills of teachers

"My Best Lesson"

Direction "Natural Science"

Lesson Development

« Features of the nature of the oceans.

Atlantic Ocean"

Prepared by:

Sokova V.P.

geography teacher

MBOUSOSH №1

With. Uspenskoe

year 2012

Lesson topic: Features of the nature of the oceans. Atlantic Ocean

Target: To form students' ideas and knowledge about natural phenomena occurring in the Atlantic Ocean and its significance for people's lives.

Tasks:

1.Educational:

Students will be able to identify and analyze natural phenomena occurring in the ocean;

2.Developing. Students will be able to systematize and improve the ability to work with maps of various contents, text, additional material, critically evaluate geographic information from various sources, be able to speak to an audience, cultivate a sense of cooperation

3. Nurturing: students will be able to think about the changes taking place in the nature of the ocean, about its significance for human life.

Lesson type: Absentee travel-research

Methodical methods:

Forms: group, search, frontal, individual.

Types of educational activities: independent work with cards with text, answers to questions, preparation of advanced tasks.

Predicted result:

Students will gain broad knowledge about interesting natural phenomena occurring in the ocean, its ecological state, enrich the communication experience, increase their self-esteem

Lesson script.

During the classes

1.Organizing time

Teacher activities: Guys, you already know that there are four oceans on the planet, and they are all different . (I prepare students for productive work in the classroom, create a positive emotional mood)

2. Updating knowledge: O which ocean will be discussed in the lesson today, you will learn from the poem

On the presentation slide, poems about the ocean, a physical map of the world

Student activities: The student reads the verses.

It is beautiful and large, the second largest.

It has powerful currents and there is no doubt about it.

Columbus discovered the sea there, he did not hide about the Sargasso.

It has high tides, not to be found in the world.

There are many more phenomena, we will discover without a doubt.

Teacher activities: Do you recognize the ocean? Right. Atlantic.

I appeal to students to tell the legend about the name of the ocean.

(on the slide the title of the topic and the purpose of the lesson)

Student activities: Tells the legend about the name of the Atlantic Ocean (advance task)

The origin of this name goes back to ancient myths. The sons of the Earth goddess Gaia, the mighty titans, rebelled against Zeus and other inhabitants of Olympus, but were defeated. All were severely punished. One of the titans ATLAS - was sentenced to forever hold the vault of heaven on his shoulders where it descends to the earth, in the west, on the shores of the ocean, where the end of the world is.

3. Studying new material

A) call stage(I create conditions for the formation of the goal, objectives of the lesson, I develop the motivation of students for activities)

B) Stage of comprehension

Teacher activities: Today we will make a distance travel - research, but in the beginning we will find out the boundaries of the ocean.

(I propose to determine the boundaries of the ocean on pages 2-3 in the atlas. One of the students shows the boundaries of the ocean at the wall map, the rest put the boundaries on the contour map.)

I draw the attention of the children to the table and diagram prepared in advance, which are on the students' desks, which will need to be filled in during the lesson and "swim" along the route indicated on the diagram.

Travel scheme

(fragment of the atlas map)

I know or guess

Learned new

1. The ocean is the second largest

1. The ocean is expanding in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

2. It has a powerful warm Gulf Stream

2. The reason for the formation of the Sargasso Sea

3. The highest tides in the Bay of Fundy

3, The reason for the formation of the highest tides in the ocean

4. The only sea without coasts - Sargasso

4. Crosses the Northern Tropic, so it's very hot there

5.Ocean polluted, mainly by oil film.

6. It contains the "Bermuda Triangle"

Teacher activities: A group of young climatologists, tectonists, oceanologists, biologists, ecologists will help to make a journey-study. (I propose to draw the attention of the guys to each other, to see them in the role of "scientists").

Now that we know what the boundaries of the ocean are, we can go on a trip. Our path starts from Cape Roca - the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, to the capital of the island of freedom of Cuba - Havana with a stop at the Canadian port of St. John.

Swimming to the Azores, the ocean began to seethe, frightened, and an amazing picture opened up to our eyes - a small piece of land appeared from the depths of the sea. He aroused interest and asked a group of tectonists to explain the phenomenon.

(I create conditions for the conscious assimilation of the educational material of group work)

Student activities:

Card 1. A group of tectonics - researchers

Questions:

1. Compare the map "The structure of the earth's crust" with the physical map of the world and find out what natural processes take place in the Atlantic Ocean in the area of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

2. Did similar phenomena occur in the distant past?

(students use the atlas on pp. 2-3 and pp. 4-5)

Analyzing the maps, we can say that in the region of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge there are lithospheric plates that are subject to stretching, and bottom uplifts and underwater eruptions are associated with them.

To the second question about similar phenomena in the past, he told student who was given a lead task

Student activity: According to the legend of the ancient Greek scientist Plato, Atlantis was located on the site of the Azores and west of the Strait of Gibraltar, but the ocean swallowed it up 12 thousand years ago.

Teacher activities: Having become acquainted with this natural phenomenon, we will continue our journey, which should lead us to the Canadian port of St. John. But, what a miracle, having sailed to the port, our ship cannot approach the shore, because. he is at a great height from us.

Guys, what a strange phenomenon arose in front of us?

Card 2. A group of ocean scientists-researchers

Questions:

1. Consider a map of the World Ocean, and determine in which areas of the Atlantic Ocean are the highest tides observed?

2. Why are there such high tides in this bay?

Students look at the map on pages 20-21, apply the knowledge of the 6th grade course on the movement of the waters of the oceans

Activity of student 1:. The highest tides in the world are observed in the Atlantic Ocean - up to 18 m.

Student activity 2: The Bay of Fundy is narrow, deep into the land, and this leads to high water.)

The activities of the teacher. Now that we have turned south, we can safely move on.

Student activities. I see a brownish-green land along the course, but there is none at this latitude. Why?

The activities of the teacher. Right. Let's ask this question to biologists-researchers.

Biologists-researchers came to the rescue with their explanations.

Card 3. A group of research biologists

Questions

1. What natural phenomenon did you encounter?

2. What is the name of the sea, who first discovered it? (textbook, additional material)

Activity of student 1: it's not dry land, it's brownish-green algae. Filled with gas bubbles, they rise to the surface of the ocean and create the illusion of land. .

Student activity 2: They were first discovered by the expedition of Christopher Columbus, which was also misled. The sea was named Sargasso after the name of the algae.

Teacher activity. Perhaps we all considered natural phenomena. Now we will calmly swim to Havana - our intended goal. But what is it? The compass needle darted. We got into a strip of white fog.

Student Activity: What could it be? Will our ship be lost?

captain teacher. Unfortunately, guys, we are now sailing the Bermuda Triangle, which is notorious in the world (Bermuda Triangle diagram). Ships, flying planes disappear in it. Scientists are struggling in conjectures about these phenomena, they even attribute their disappearances to aliens, but, unfortunately, no one knows the true reasons. Moreover, there are not many such places on the planet. It's just that in this part the ocean is loaded with trade routes, and if ships or planes disappear, it becomes immediately known.

Diagram of the Bermuda Triangle

But now, the compass correctly shows the course to Havana, the fog clears and we sail on.

Activity of student 1: Obviously, our adventures were over, Havana appeared on the horizon.

Student activity 2: But why did it get so hot? Where did this heat come from?

Teacher activities: I think the time has come to disturb climatologists - researchers.

Card 4. A group of climatologists-researchers.

Questions:

1. Why is there a high temperature in the region of the island of Cuba even in September? (Map of the climatic world)

2. What is the name of the parallel where high temperatures form on Earth?

Activity of student 1: We are located at the latitude of the northern tropic (23.5 gr).

Student activity 2: And, as you know, at this latitude, the sun is high overhead, which leads to high temperatures all year round.

Teacher activities: And now let's listen to ecologists - researchers. They will tell us what phenomena they encountered on the way to Havana

Card 5. A group of ecologists-researchers

Questions:

1. What environmental phenomena did you encounter along the way to Havana (map of the oceans and people).

2. How can these phenomena affect the lives of people living on the shores of the ocean and far from it?

Activity of student 1: Among all the oceans of the planet, the Atlantic Ocean

the most polluted. The main source of pollution is oil, which covers the upper layer of the ocean in the way of tankers.

Student activity 2: (advance task) And recently, due to oil leakage from a deep well during an accident in the Gulf of Mexico, it has become so much that it has affected changes in water density in the North America region, and the result was the breakup of the Gulf Stream into separate branches and its movement in the center of the ocean . This means that the warm waters of the Gulf Stream will not heat Europe and North America as before, which will affect the lives of people and their economic activities.

4. C stage of reflection(to generalize and systematize knowledge, to realize

productivity in the classroom.

Return to our table. Were you able to find out today what you were especially interested in?

-SINKWINE-

1 noun (1)- (ocean);

2 adjective (2) - the second, mysterious;

3-verb (3)expanding, cooling, fouling

4- catchphrase- Lost World of Atlantis

A) self-evaluation and mutual evaluation(to form in children the ability to objectively assess, self-assess their activities). Our journey has ended, attach a magnet to the following statements:

1) understood everything well answered 24 students

2) I want to know more answered 22 students

5. Homework: get acquainted with paragraph 10, put deep-sea trenches on the contour map (to promote the manifestation of creative activity of students). Take a trip to choose from in other oceans of the planet, using a textbook, atlas, the Internet and other sources of information.

Explanatory note

Lesson on the topic “Features of the nature of the oceans. The Atlantic Ocean is represented by fourth Natural - Scientific direction

Class characteristic

In class 7 "A" there are 24 students: 13 girls, 11 boys. Large families-5

All students are diligent, tidy, provided with textbooks and necessary school supplies for the lessons. Children are active and cheerful. Diagnostics of motivation for learning showed that everyone wants to learn. The guys are creative personalities, they respond with pleasure to various forms, methods, types of lessons, improvisations in the classroom. The guys are diligent, educated, which allows you to give advanced tasks

The team is close-knit, there are no rejected students.

The guys are working. Progress is 100%, the quality of knowledge is 62%.

for grades 6-10 of educational institutions, E.M. Domogatskikh, Moscow "Russian Word", 2008

Textbook. Geography. Continents and oceans E.M. Domogatskikh, N.I. Alekseevsky,

Section 1."The Planet We Live On"

2 hours a week 2012

Lesson stages

1. Organizational moment.

2.Updating knowledge

3. Studying new material

4. Reflection

5. Homework

Methodical methods: verbal, explanatory-illustrated, creating a situation of success, praise, evaluation, self-esteem.

Used Books:

- "Pedagogical technologies", Bulanova M.V., Toporkova. Moscow-Rostov - on Don, 2004.

- "New pedagogical and information technologies in the education system" edited by E.S. Polat. Moscow. 2003.

- Pedagogy. Kharlamov I.F. Moscow 2004.

- "Modern educational technologies". Moscow, "People's Education", 1998.

- "Methods of teaching geography at school" edited by L.M. Panchesnikova. Moscow. "Enlightenment" 1997.

Forms of study: cooperative-group involves dividing the class into groups, each of which performs only part of the overall task;

Individual, search, frontal.

Methodological materials, technical teaching aids:

- lesson summary, presentation;

Computer, multimedia projector;

Handout - cards with questions;

Children's message;

Map "Physical World";

UMK: textbook Geography. Continents and oceans E.M. Domogatzskikh,

N.I. Alekseevsky. "Russian word",

Atlas for grade 7

Lesson analysis:

The purpose of the lesson and the tasks assigned to the students of the class were fulfilled.

At the lesson, students got acquainted and got an idea about the natural phenomena occurring in the Atlantic Ocean. A link was established with topics previously explored, both this year and the previous one.

The material was presented at a sufficient level of scientific content, taking into account the age characteristics of students. At the same time, it is accessible and logical.

A physical map of the world, atlas maps, a textbook, a computer, a multimedia projector, and a presentation for the lesson were used as visual aids.

At the lesson, methods and techniques were used to enhance the cognitive activity of students. The children were actively involved in group work. They answered questions, entered the role of "scientists-researchers", increased their self-esteem.

Application

Description of pedagogical ideas and initiatives

The effectiveness of such lessons largely depends on the readiness to work independently. I prefer group work and travel-research lessons. They are especially relevant to the curriculum in grades 6-7.

To do this, I conduct preparatory work with students, determine the degree of complexity and independence of students in each lesson, involve them in systematic work with maps of various contents, and think over the connection of new material with the stage passed.

I make cards for groups, each of which has its own learning task. I note what points students need to pay attention to. I distribute the material taking into account the preparedness of each student. Each group has a leader who regulates the group members' responses. Thus, each student works and feels his responsibility, because his answer affects the assessment of the whole group.

When the group explains the task, other students listen and fill out a table prepared in advance. Extramural travel lessons - research in the form of group work is more effective, because it develops interest in the subject, the topic being studied, promotes team building, assimilation of material and the development of self-government in the classroom.

For the successful conduct of the lesson, I give several students an advanced task and additional material or Internet sites.

I believe that this form of work contributes to the development of independence, the ability to work in a team, in groups, and therefore to adaptation in later life.

In preparation for the lesson, I used technology:

1. Developmental learning, according to Z.I. Kalmykova, the main principles of which are:

- individualization and differentiation of training;

- formation of heuristic methods of mental activity;

-optimal development of various types of mental activity.

2.Problem learning according to I.M. Bazina and L.M. Panchesnikova

A problematic lesson is one in which the teacher creates a problem situation and organizes search activities to resolve them.

For the development of independence and activity, I use creative and active methods.

creative (creative) and active methods, developed by V.V. Davydov, offer the maximum orientation towards creativity in the educational activities of students, the acquisition of their own experience of creative activity. These methods were manifested throughout the lesson.

The lesson was accompanied by a presentation on the topic. Used multimedia projector

Methods for assessing the effectiveness of the lesson:

Stimulating introduction of the lesson, creation of an emotional and business mood;

-optimality of goal-setting, clarity of educational, developmental and educational tasks;

-shortness of the organizational moment, the creation of readiness of the class and equipment for the lesson;

- the presence of logical transitions from one stage of the lesson to another, the quality of mastering the topic of the lesson;

-optimality of the use of methods, motives for the educational activity of students;

-psychological readiness of the teacher: friendly tone, confidence, clarity, organization;

-competence, tact, ability to work in groups;

- the ability to check and mutually check students;

-creation by the teacher in the lesson of a situation of success, helping students to create a positive self-esteem.

Review

to the lesson “Features of the nature of the oceans. Atlantic Ocean".

Lesson on the topic “Features of the nature of the oceans. Atlantic Ocean" was held in 7 "A" class.

The goal was set for the students: To form students' ideas and knowledge about natural phenomena occurring in the Atlantic Ocean and its significance for people's lives, as well as tasks: educational, developing and educating.

The lesson is interesting, like a correspondence travel-research. The material of the lesson is well chosen. Various types of activities were used: cards for group independent work, frontal conversation, ahead of the task of children.

The purpose and methods of teaching are well thought out. The students actively worked throughout the lesson, used the maps of the atlas, the textbook, answered problematic questions with a desire. The explanation was clear, accessible, accompanied by a presentation.

The material was fixed by filling in the table and syncwine.

Aroused interest in the reflection of the lesson and the creative approach of the teacher to the students' homework.

During the lesson, the goal and objectives of the lesson were achieved.

Deputy Director for WRM Volner I.V.

The oceans are vast and stunningly gorgeous. Due to their huge size, talk about the seas included in them, about the finds and phenomena can be both amazing and intriguing. Great mysteries lie in the depths of the oceans. Despite the fact that some of these phenomena have been studied and deciphered by chemists and experts, there still remains a huge number of rather interesting phenomena that are very difficult to explain. Sailors from all over the world have witnessed or participated in a number of incredible phenomena. Below are ten of the most entertaining of these phenomena.

Bioluminescent waves on Vaadhoo Island, Maldives

Pelagic plankton thrown onto the beaches of the island paints the shores with thousands of lights. The glow is explained by bioluminescence - chemical processes in the body of animals, in which the released energy is released in the form of light. Blue luminous waves seem to reflect the stars in the sky over the Maldives. Luminous unicellular dinoflagellates trigger their illumination from movement in the water column: an electrical impulse resulting from a mechanical stimulus opens ion channels, the work of which activates the "luminous" enzyme.

This is a beautiful and fascinating phenomenon that can be seen mainly in warm seas, where plankton and algae live, which have luminescent properties. In the photo you see how its author "bombarded" plankton with stones, and such beautiful luminous "explosions" turned out.

The very name "bioluminescence" literally means "weak living glow". However, humanity can only envy the effectiveness of this process, because the efficiency of a living glow is fantastically high: it reaches 80-90%, while the most economical "daylight" lamps convert only 10-15% of the energy into light, the rest Energy is wasted as useless heat. As it turned out, there are no luminous plants in nature, but there are luminous bacteria and fungi.

Brinicle (finger of death)

We are used to seeing icicles hanging from rooftops. However, in the Arctic there are special icicles that hang under water and are a mortal danger. This phenomenon was discovered almost 30 years ago, but it was only in 2011 that the BBC channel team managed to film the process of its birth.

Having reached the bottom, the funnel does not stop, but continues to spread along the bottom. In 15 minutes, such a structure is capable of destroying all living organisms in an area of several meters. It was for this that she was called the "icy finger of death."

Underwater world of Antarctica

The photographs that are collected here are the result of a 400 hour stay in the coldest waters on the planet. Extreme diver Norbert Wu has devoted the last 12 years to diving into the icy waters of Antarctica and photographing its underwater inhabitants. He captured such moving scenes as, for example, mass diving of penguins into the water.

He photographed such wonders of nature as frozen underwater waterfalls. Since 48-year-old Norbert first visited the icy underwater worlds in 1997, he has fallen more and more in love with this Antarctic world. During his seven trips north, he traveled over 200,000 miles to McMurdo and Palmer research stations. Diving 6 days a week for 12 hours, he spent a total of 1000 hours in icy water. Norbert says the waters around McMurdo Station are the coldest, around -1.8 C, but it's worth it to dive in and see the amazing beauty of the world. Psychologically, how cold you feel is very important, says Norbert Wu. He started filming underwater without any purpose, just for fun.

Weddell seal

Antarctic shelf

Frozen underwater waterfalls

Desmonema glaciale

stalactites

Anemones Isotealia antarctica

Mysterious underwater circles, Japan

These strange circles with patterns more than two meters in diameter were found at the bottom of the Sea of Japan, and not in corn fields (many have heard about crop circles allegedly left by aliens). Until recently, there was not the slightest idea of the culprit of what was happening, until the cameras of Japanese photographer Yeozhi Ookat did not record a tiny fish of the pufferfish family. The males of these fish are no more than 13 centimeters in length, but are able to create sculptural masterpieces, making their way under the sand and using their own fin. Thus, the fish attract a partner, and in the center of the circle, the couple lays eggs. Such "buildings" serve as a kind of protection against ocean currents.

underwater waterfalls

A question for philosophers who love riddles like "can God create a stone that he himself can not lift": how can there be an underwater waterfall if water is everywhere? Nevertheless, underwater waterfalls exist and can even be very dangerous - the currents that form near them can destroy the ship. So far, scientists have discovered 7 underwater waterfalls, and, most likely, these are not all such phenomena that we know about. The largest of them is located off the coast of Denmark.

An impressive natural anomaly, which appears to an aerial observer as a gigantic waterfall, is located off the coast of Le Morne Brabant, in the southwestern part of the island state of Mauritius.

An incredible optical illusion off the coast of the peninsula occurs due to the movement of silt deposits and sand under the influence of powerful underwater currents. Crystal-clear ocean waters, in turn, allow you to enjoy the opening picture that imitates a powerful underwater phenomenon.

Big blue hole, or Great blue (Great Blue Hole)- a large blue hole located in the center of Lighthouse Reef, an atoll in the Belize Barrier Reef. The hole is a round karst funnel with a diameter of 305 m, going to a depth of 120 m.

Freediving in Dean's Blue Hole, 202 meters deep, 4 min

Whirlpool Maelstrom

These giant whirlpools occur when two sea currents meet. The current is so strong that it can sink small boats, not to mention swimmers. The largest whirlpool is called "Saltstraumen" and is located off the coast of Norway.

Halocline (border between waters of different salinity) is the meeting point of the seas.

The meeting point of the Baltic and North Seas

In addition, the density of the waters of different seas reacts differently to the wind load, “gaining” the power of rhythmic waves in different ways, therefore, on the border of the North and Baltic Seas, the different nature of the waves is clearly visible: the Baltic water of the Danish Straits is calm, the water of the North Sea is chaotically worried ...

There are many places in the oceans where the border between the seas is observed: in Alaska (the border between the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean); in the Strait of Gibraltar (between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean); in the area of Cape Svyatoy Nos (between the Barents and White Seas); in the Bab el-Mandeb Strait (between the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean); near the Greek peninsula Peloponnese (between the Aegean and Mediterranean seas); in the Antilles region (between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean); in the area of New Zealand (between the Tasman Sea and the Pacific Ocean); at the mouth of the South American Suriname River (between the waters of the Suriname River and the Atlantic Ocean).

It is interesting that this unusual property of different salty waters of seas and rivers not to mix was noticed by ancient sailors long before the beginning of a new era (from the birth of Christ).

Jacques Yves Cousteau proved that the seas do not connect with each other and the waters of the seas do not mix. This is due to the different properties of the water of different seas (density, salinity, temperature). In order for a halocline to form, it is necessary that there be a difference in water salinity of at least five times. At the meeting point of the North and Baltic Seas, this rule is not observed. The salinity of the North Sea is only 1.5 times that of the Baltic Sea. At the meeting point of the North and Baltic Seas, a slightly different border is observed in the form of waves of the North and Baltic Seas running into each other.

The meeting point of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean

The haloxin shown in the photograph can be observed in Alaska (the border of the Gulf of Alaska and the Pacific Ocean).

Suriname River and Atlantic Ocean

Other posts about nature:

Icebergs, ice, snow. Unusual and beautiful natural phenomena 27/12/16

The most interesting and beautiful caves in the world. Part 2 Cycle Natural and man-made wonders / beauty 18/12/16

The most beautiful caves in the world. Part 1. Cycle Natural and man-made wonders / beauty 04.09.16.

Incredible Facts

The ocean is full of secrets. People traditionally fear the ocean and prefer to admire it from the shore. There are places in the world's oceans that people are especially afraid of. Planes and ships disappear there without a trace. There are also giant whirlpools, waves and mysterious luminous circles on the water. However, in addition to the well-known Bermuda Triangle, there are several more such frightening places.

Sargasso Sea

Many people confuse the Sargasso Sea with the Bermuda Triangle. The sea is southeast of the triangle. Moreover, there are many who are trying to find the answer to the mysteries of the triangle in this particular sea. However, the sea is in the center of the Atlantic Ocean. There is a certain feature due to which the sea got its name. Ocean currents move clockwise.

However, the sea is a giant whirlpool that lives by its own laws. The water temperature inside the pool is much higher than outside. While staying in this place, people often see wonderful mirages, for example, it may seem that the sun rises both in the east and in the west at the same time.

Richard Sylvester, a scientist at the University of Western Australia, has suggested that the giant whirlpool of the Sargasso Sea is a centrifuge that creates smaller whirlpools that reach the Bermuda Triangle area. Whirlpools are the cause of mini-cyclones in the air. Cyclones support the spiraling movements of water, which is what makes them appear. This may be the cause of accidents in small aircraft.

devil sea

This is the region of the Pacific Ocean around Miyake Island, which is located about 100 kilometers south of Tokyo. This "relative" of the Bermuda Triangle cannot be found on any map, however, sailors prefer to stay away from this sea. A storm there can start quite unexpectedly, and end as well. Whales, dolphins, and even birds do not live in this region. Since the early 1950s, 9 ships have gone missing in this region. The most famous of the incidents is the disappearance of the Kaiyo Maru No. 5, a Japanese research vessel.

This area is also characterized by high seismic activity. The sea floor is constantly moving, volcanic islands appear and disappear. The region is also known for very active cyclonic activity.

Cape of Good Hope

This area off the coast of South Africa is also known as the Cape of Storms. For hundreds of years, many ships have been wrecked in this region. Most of the disasters have been due to bad weather, particularly killer waves. Scientists also call them solitary waves. They are very large, reaching up to 30 meters in height. They are formed by two coherent waves and become one huge wave. They do not change their shape as they move, even if they collide with other similar waves along the way. They can "move" over very long distances without losing their power. Such huge waves create very deep cavities in front of them, the depth of which corresponds to the height of the wave.

There are many other places in the world's oceans where similar waves form, but in this regard, the region near the Cape of Good Hope is extremely dangerous.

Eastern Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf

This area is known for a very spectacular and mysterious phenomenon - giant, luminous and rotating circles on the surface of the water. German oceanographer Kurt Kahle believes that the luminous circles appear as a result of underwater earthquakes, which make plankton glow. This hypothesis has been recently criticized because it fails to explain the logic of the round shape. Modern science also cannot explain it. Moreover, scientists cannot explain the origin of the rays that come from the center of the circles. The UFO version in this case comes to the fore.

Whirlpool Maelstrom

This whirlpool has no planetary significance like the whirlpool in the Sargasso Sea. However, sailors know dozens of chilling stories about this amazing phenomenon. This whirlpool occurs twice a day in the western Norwegian Sea, off the northwest coast of Norway. The word "maelstrom" was popularized by Edgar Allan Poe in the short story "The Fall into the Maelstrom". A whirlpool is a very strong and large body of "swirling" water, which has a significant downward flow of air. The water surface of the cavity in the center of a powerful vortex is tens of meters below the surface of the water in the ocean. The strength of the whirlpool is ten times greater than the strength of the general current.

Oddly enough, but the whirlpool changes its direction to the opposite every 3-4 months. Maelstrom whirlpools can also occur in other areas, including the Bermuda Triangle. It is believed that the Maelstrom is a whirlwind that spins counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern, which is explained by the rotation of the planet Earth.

The Bermuda Triangle is the site of the mysterious disappearance of ships and aircraft and other anomalous phenomena.

The Bermuda Triangle or Atlantis is a place where people disappear, ships and planes disappear, navigation instruments fail, and almost no one ever finds the wrecked. This hostile, mystical, ominous country for a person instills such great horror in the hearts of people that they often simply refuse to talk about it.

Many pilots and sailors have no other alternative than to constantly surf the water / air expanses of this mysterious territory - a considerable stream of tourists and vacationers rushes into the area surrounded on three sides by fashionable resorts. Therefore, it is simply impossible and impossible to isolate the Bermuda Triangle from the world around it. And, although most of the ships pass this zone without any problems, no one is immune from the fact that one day they may not return.

What it is?

About the existence of such a mysterious and amazing phenomenon called the Bermuda Triangle a hundred years ago, few people knew. To actively occupy people's minds and force them to put forward various hypotheses and theories, this mystery of the Bermuda Triangle began in the 70s. of the last century, when Charles Berlitz published a book in which he described the stories of the most mysterious and mystical disappearances in this region in an extremely interesting and fascinating way. After that, the journalists picked up the story, developed the theme, and the story of the Bermuda Triangle began. Everyone began to worry about the secrets of the Bermuda Triangle and the place where the Bermuda Triangle or the missing Atlantis is located.

This wonderful place or the missing Atlantis is located in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of North America - between Puerto Rico, Miami and Bermuda. It is located in two climatic zones at once: the upper part, the larger one - in the subtropics, the lower one - in the tropics. If these points are connected with each other by three lines, a large triangular figure will appear on the map, the total area of \u200b\u200bwhich is about 4 million square kilometers.

This triangle is rather conditional, since ships also disappear outside its borders - and if you mark on the map all the coordinates of disappearances, flying and floating vehicles, you will most likely get a rhombus.

The term itself is unofficial, its author is Vincent Gaddis, who in the 60s. last century published an article entitled "The Bermuda Triangle is the lair of the devil (death)". The note did not cause much excitement, but the phrase was fixed and reliably came into use.

Terrain features and possible causes of crashes

For knowledgeable people, the fact that ships often crash here is not particularly surprising: this region is not easy to navigate - there are many shoals, a huge number of fast water and air currents, cyclones often arise and hurricanes rage.

Bottom

What is hidden in the Bermuda Triangle under water? The bottom relief in this area is interesting and varied, although it is nothing ordinary and has been studied quite well, since some time ago various studies and drilling were carried out here in order to find oil and other minerals.

Scientists have determined that the Bermuda Triangle or the missing Atlantis contains mainly sedimentary rocks on the ocean floor, the layer thickness of which is from 1 to 2 km, and it itself looks like this:

Deep-water plains of oceanic basins - 35%;
Shelf with shoals - 25%;
The slope and foot of the mainland - 18%;
Plateau - 15%;
Deep oceanic depressions - 5% (the deepest places of the Atlantic Ocean are located here, as well as its maximum depth - 8742m, recorded in the Puerto Rican depression);
Deep straits - 2%;
Seamounts - 0.3% (there are six in total).

Water currents. Gulfstream

Almost the entire western part of the Bermuda Triangle is crossed by the Gulf Stream, so the air temperature here is usually 10 ° C higher than in the rest of this mysterious anomaly. Because of this, in the places of collisions of atmospheric fronts of different temperatures, one can often see fog, which often strikes the mind of overly impressionable travelers.

The Gulf Stream itself is a very fast current, the speed of which often reaches ten kilometers per hour (it should be noted that many modern transoceanic ships move slightly faster - from 13 to 30 km / h). An extremely fast flow of water can easily slow down or increase the movement of the vessel (it all depends on which direction it is sailing). There is nothing surprising in the fact that ships of weaker power in the old days easily went off course and were swept absolutely in the wrong direction, as a result of which they suffered wrecks and disappeared forever in the oceanic abyss.

Other currents

In addition to the Gulf Stream, strong but irregular currents constantly arise in the Bermuda Triangle, the appearance or direction of which is almost never predictable. They are formed mainly under the influence of tidal and ebb waves in shallow water and their speed is as high as that of the Gulf Stream - and is about 10 km / h.

As a result of their occurrence, whirlpools are often formed, causing trouble for small ships with a weak engine. There is nothing surprising in the fact that if in former times a sailing ship got here, it was not easy for him to get out of the whirlwind, and under especially unfavorable circumstances, one might even say - impossible.

water shafts

In the area of the Bermuda Triangle, hurricanes are often formed, the wind speed of which is about 120 m / s, also generating fast currents, the speed of which is equal to the speed of the Gulf Stream. They, creating huge shafts, rush along the surface of the Atlantic Ocean until they hit the coral reefs at great speed, breaking the ship if it had the misfortune to be in the path of giant waves.

In the east of the Bermuda Triangle, the Sargasso Sea is located - a sea without shores, surrounded on all sides instead of land by the strong currents of the Atlantic Ocean - the Gulf Stream, the North Atlantic, the North Trade Wind and the Canary.

Outwardly, it seems that its waters are motionless, the currents are weak and hardly noticeable, while the water here is constantly moving, since the water flows, pouring into it from all sides, rotate the sea water clockwise.

Another remarkable thing about the Sargasso Sea is the huge amount of algae in it (contrary to popular belief, there are also areas with completely clear water). When in former times ships were brought here for some reason, they became entangled in dense marine plants and, falling into a whirlpool, albeit slowly, they were no longer able to get back.

The movement of air masses

Since this area lies in the region of the trade winds, extremely strong winds constantly blow over the Bermuda Triangle. Stormy days here are not uncommon (according to the data of various meteorological services, there are about eighty stormy days here a year - that is, once every four days the weather here is terrible and disgusting.

Here is another explanation of why missing ships and planes were found earlier. It is now that almost all captains are aware of the meteorologists when exactly the weather will be bad. Previously, due to the lack of information, during terrible storms, many sea vessels found their last refuge in this area.

In addition to the trade winds, cyclones feel comfortable here, the air masses of which, creating whirlwinds and tornadoes, rush at a speed of 30-50 km / h. They are extremely dangerous, because, by raising warm water, they turn it into huge water columns (often their height reaches 30 meters), with an unpredictable trajectory and crazy speed. A small ship in such a situation has practically no chance of surviving, a large one is likely to stay afloat, but it is unlikely to get out of trouble safe and sound.

Infrasonic signals

Another reason for the huge number of accidents, experts call the ability of the ocean to produce infrasound signals that cause panic among the crew, because of which people can even throw themselves overboard. The sound of this frequency affects not only waterfowl, but also aircraft.

Researchers assign an important role in this process to hurricanes, storm winds and high waves. When the wind starts to beat against the crests of the waves, a low-frequency wave arises, which almost immediately rushes forward and signals the approach of a strong storm. While moving, she catches up with the floating ship, hits the sides of the ship, then goes down to the cabins.

Once in a confined space, the infrasonic wave begins to psychologically put pressure on the people there, causing panic and nightmare visions, and when they see their worst nightmares, people lose control of themselves and jump overboard in despair. The ship completely leaves life, it is left without control and begins to drift until it is found (which can take more than one decade).

The infrasonic wave acts on aircraft in a slightly different way. An infrasonic wave hits a plane flying over the Bermuda Triangle, which, as in the previous case, begins to psychologically put pressure on the pilots, as a result, they stop thinking about what they are doing, especially since at this moment phantoms begin to appear in front of them. Further, either the pilot will crash, or he will be able to take the ship out of the zone representing a danger to him, or the autopilot will save him.

Gas bubbles: methane

Researchers are constantly bringing up interesting facts about the Bermuda Triangle. For example, there are suggestions that in the area of the Bermuda Triangle bubbles often form, filled with gas - methane, which appears from cracks in the ocean floor that were formed after the eruptions of ancient volcanoes (oceanographers found huge accumulations of methane crystal hydrate above them).

After some time, certain processes begin to occur in methane for one reason or another (for example, their appearance can cause a weak earthquake) - and it forms a bubble, which, rising up, bursts at the surface of the water. When this happens, the gas escapes into the air, and a funnel forms in place of the former bubble.

Sometimes the ship passes over the bubble without problems, sometimes it breaks through it and crashes. In reality, no one has ever seen the impact of methane bubbles on ships, some researchers claim that a huge number of ships go missing for this very reason.

When the ship hits the crest of one of the waves, the ship begins to descend - and then the water under the ship suddenly bursts, disappears - and it falls into empty space, after which the waters close - and water rushes into it. There is no one to save the ship at this time - when the water disappeared, concentrated methane gas escaped, instantly killing the entire crew, and the ship sinks, and forever ends up on the ocean floor.

The authors of this hypothesis are convinced that this theory also explains the reasons for the presence in this area of ships with dead sailors, on whose bodies no injuries were found. Most likely, the ship, when the bubble burst, was far enough away that something threatened it, but the gas got to people.

As for airplanes, methane can have a detrimental effect on them too. Basically, this happens when methane that has risen into the air enters the fuel, explodes, and the plane falls down, after which, falling into a whirlpool, it disappears forever in the ocean depths.

Magnetic anomalies

In the area of the Bermuda Triangle, magnetic anomalies also often occur, confusing all the navigational equipment of ships. They are unstable, and appear mainly when the tectonic plates diverge as much as possible.

As a result, unstable electric fields and magnetic disturbances arise that adversely affect the psychological state of a person, change instrument readings and neutralize radio communications.

Hypotheses for the disappearance of ships

The mysteries of the Bermuda Triangle never cease to interest the human mind. Why it is here that ships crash and disappear, journalists and lovers of everything unknown put forward many more theories and assumptions.

Some believe that interruptions in navigation instruments are caused by Atlantis, namely its crystals, which were previously located precisely on the territory of the Bermuda Triangle. Despite the fact that only miserable crumbs of information have come down to us from an ancient civilization, these crystals are still active and send signals from the depths of the ocean floor that cause interruptions in navigation instruments.

Another interesting theory is the hypothesis that the Bermuda Triangle or Atlantis contains portals leading to other dimensions (both in space and in time). Some are even sure that it was through them that aliens penetrated the Earth in order to kidnap people and ships.

Military operations or piracy - many believe (even if this is not proven) that the loss of modern ships is directly related to these two reasons, especially since such cases have happened repeatedly before. Human error - ordinary disorientation in space and incorrect interpretation of instrument indicators may well be the cause of the death of the ship.

Is there a secret?

Have all the secrets of the Bermuda Triangle been revealed? Despite the excitement raised around the Bermuda Triangle, scientists argue that in reality this territory is no different, and a large number of accidents are mainly associated with difficult natural conditions for navigation (especially since the World Ocean contains many other, more dangerous for humans) places). And the fear that causes the Bermuda Triangle or the missing Atlantis are ordinary prejudices, constantly fueled by journalists and other sensation lovers.

10 Striped Icebergs

Depending on the ocean and in which part of the world it is located, its temperature and general characteristics change. The phenomenon that we will describe in this paragraph is associated with the cold, icy waters of Antarctica. There is such a phenomenon as striped icebergs, which are formed when the blue and transparent ice of Antarctica merges. The water first thaws and then freezes again. Thus, dirt and other particles get into it, which, when frozen, remain in the iceberg, forming stripes. Thanks to this process, many colorful stripes can be seen on the surface of the iceberg. Therefore, not all icebergs are just large blocks of white or transparent ice, in some of them you can observe an interesting play of colors and shades. Looking at them, one gets the impression that nature has decorated these icebergs with her own hand.

9. Whirlpool

The very word "whirlpool" clearly does not bode well, as if this phenomenon warns us to be wary of it. Originally described by the author Edgar Allan Poe, the word "whirlpool" actually means "destructive current", which is quite true. In fact, this is a very powerful and wide funnel with a lower thrust, which sucks in everything that is nearby. Weather is often the determining factor in the strength and power of the whirlpool. There are urban legends that tell that the whirlpool will certainly drag you to the bottom of the ocean. But these legends have long been dispelled by scientists. Who would come up with the idea to go to the bottom in the middle of the ocean? Sounds like a scary place.

8. Red tide

It is this phenomenon that can be described as especially amazing. Juicy and bright reds and oranges, piercing the rolling waves, are truly an amazing sight. However, do not crave the opportunity to enjoy this beauty too often, because what causes it is actually very dangerous. Harmful algal blooms, which are colonies of various types of algae, can become so intense that plants produce toxins and harmful chemicals that are harmful to marine mammals, fish, birds and humans. The largest Red Tide can be seen every summer off the Florida Gulf Coast.

7. Brinicle or salty icicle (Brinicle)

This phenomenon is really something unimaginable. When a brinicle is fully formed, it almost looks like a crystal underwater - very beautiful. It is formed when salt-rich water flows out of sea ice and seeps into the sea, creating a unique ice pattern. Because brinicles require very low temperatures to form, they only form in cold ocean waters near the South and North Poles. Brinicles can be very dangerous and destructive to ocean life in their immediate vicinity. When starfish, fish, or algae come into contact with a brinicle, they either freeze or get severely cut.

6. The Brazilian wave is the longest wave in the world.

Because the oceans are so inextricably linked to the weather, there are phenomena that can only be seen during certain seasons. We will describe one of these phenomena in this section. The longest wave in the world can only be seen twice a year. Between February and March, the waters of the Atlantic Ocean rise up the Amazon River, which flows in Brazil. It is during this period that the longest wave in the world is formed. This phenomenon is called Pororoca. This happens when the tide enters the mouth of the river. The waves that form during this phenomenon sometimes reach 3.6 meters in height. The wave can be heard 30 minutes before it hits the shore. This wave is capable of destroying local houses, trees and different types of animals.

5. Frosty Flowers

These delicate, charming looking flowers are a phenomenon that most people don't know exist. Frosty flowers usually form on young ice in cold waters. As a rule, they form at low temperatures and the almost complete absence of wind. The diameter of such formations is usually about four centimeters, and they often take the form of flowers. These frosty flowers contain a lot of salt, which also explains their crystallized appearance. If many of these flowers form in any particular part of the sea, they release salt into the air. Thus, the sea can not only create and support life, it also changes and creates the most real art that we do not see in most cases. Flowers look very exciting.

4. Killer Wave

Most of us can pinpoint when a wave begins to form, we see or hear signs that indicate that it is about to break on the shore. However, not all waves can be defined in this way. There is such a phenomenon as a killer wave, which, in fact, appears out of nowhere and does not show any signs of its arrival. These waves are usually found far from land and their size is simply colossal, their height can reach up to 24 meters. They are sailors' worst nightmare and feature in some of the creepiest marine tales. There is something mysterious, sinister, deep and dark about them, something that no one can predict. It seems incredible that such a wall of water could suddenly hit a ship and it is impossible to predict its appearance. The thought of a killer wave will definitely make you think differently about being in the middle of the ocean, even if you are on a ship or boat.

3. Meeting point of the Baltic and North seas

In this picturesque place, two seas meet - the Baltic and the North, but at the same time, they do not mix. Even the different colors of the waters of the seas have enough effects and seem almost unbelievable. This oceanic phenomenon causes a lot of controversy. The vanishing point is located in the province of Skagen, Denmark. Due to the different density indicators of sea waters, they remain on their side of the "border" and do not mix, without yielding to each other. It is worth noting that the meeting of these two oceans is mentioned in religious literature, namely in the Koran.

2. Bioluminescence

This phenomenon is, without any doubt, one of the most interesting, and you would certainly like to photograph it. The existence of bioluminescence is determined by the light emitted by living organisms and mixed with atmospheric oxygen, resulting in a chemical reaction with the release of light. With this phenomenon, it seems that huge parts of the ocean begin to glow. The phenomenon is similar to the fact that giant searchlights were lowered under the water, which illuminate the water in the dark. Naturally, bioluminescence is best observed at night, as the glow below the water surface is more visible.

1. Phenomenon of the Milky Sea

This effect manifests itself in the Indian Ocean and is similar to bioluminescence, which manifests itself in the waters of various oceans. In fact, large volumes of salt water get a blue color due to certain bacteria, but to the human eye, the water appears milky white. This phenomenon has a long history and has been regularly observed for more than four centuries. So scientific and interesting phenomena in the ocean occurred not only in the coming centuries, but also manifested themselves in ancient history. In particular, this unusual phenomenon is so noticeable and wide that it can be seen even from space. It's impressive!