The best sorbent for poisoning. Sorbents for poisoning

All categories of medicinal sorbents have similar principles of impact on the human body. After the penetration of the active components of drugs inside, their active interaction with the digestive organs, with the intestinal tract begins. After entering the body, sorbents in case of poisoning begin their active action, identifying toxins, absorbing them from the gastrointestinal system intestinal tract. To reach the maximum therapeutic effect, an integrated approach is applied using selective enterosorbents. The key advantage of such products is their selective action, with the help of which absorbents, in case of poisoning, absorb only harmful microorganisms, toxins without affecting useful trace elements.

Varieties of medications

Enterosorbents are preparations whose task is to identify pathogens, toxins, bind them together, and remove them from organs and systems. That's why regardless of the cause and type of poisoning, such drugs are necessarily prescribed for the treatment. To achieve maximum success, depending on the situation and the severity of the poisoning, drugs of various categories are prescribed:

• The main active component of the category is carbon. These include drugs such as ultrasorb, sorbitol, activated charcoal.
• Silicon-based preparations are agents such as enterosgel, polysorb, atoxil, olisorb.
• key active ingredient is polyvinylpyrrolidone. In this group, drugs such as enterosorb are in demand.
• The active substance is lignin. Representatives of this category: Filtrum, Lignosorb.
• Preparations based on cellulose.
• The active element is chitin. One such drug is chitosan.
• The basis of medicines are brown algae. Known such a medicine as algisorb.
• Composed of natural dietary fiber. It's bran, pectin.
• Medicines based on peat. Here you can call the medicine sial.
• With the main components such as aluminum, minerals, alumina. Members of this category include white clay, gastal, smectu, almagel.

The most common medicines for poisoning

For cleansing internal organs from toxins and poisons that lead to poisoning and other diseases, it is important to choose the right drug, apply it, strictly following the instructions in the instructions. One of effective drugs is polyphepan. It is based on such an active substance as lignin. Such medicine suitable for use even during the period of bearing a child and lactation. An analogue of such a drug is enterosgel.

The main negative aspect of polyphepan is that, together with toxins and poisons, it also absorbs beneficial trace elements, thereby disrupting the normal microflora of the intestinal tract. Therefore, taking polyphepan should be carried out in parallel with probiotics or prebiotics, which include lacto- and bifidobacteria to restore normal microflora.

Another effective drug, which helps the digestive system and the whole body, is enterosgel. It is based on an active ingredient called methylsilicic acid. The pasty form of the drug with fine particles dissolves easily in the stomach, immediately starting its active effect. Enterosgel is highly effective even when the intoxication is severe, it quickly absorbs toxins from the organs digestive system. Also, this medicine acts as a protection of the intestinal tract from the negative effects of toxic substances, causative agents of allergic reactions. This drug can be used even for newborns.

Another medicine called polysorb perfectly cleans because it contains active silicon. This is a powder that, in addition to useful qualities, has a drawback - it removes beneficial microelements along with toxins, so it is advisable to prescribe it in combination with bifidus and lactobacilli to restore normal intestinal microflora.

Smecta is an effective enterosorbent. The basis of the medicine is medical clay. The disadvantage of this drug is its slow action after use. But it is almost twice cheaper than enterosgel, therefore, when complex therapy more often assigned.

Other enterosorbents act similarly, only the cost differs.

What is given to children

Thanks to fast action, security, great effect such drugs are often used in prescriptions for children to treat poisoning, allergic reactions, systemic diseases organs of the digestive system in children of any age. In addition, such medicines are often included in the complex therapy of diseases of the urinary system, liver, even in the treatment oncological processes, skin diseases.

Laktofiltrum in tablets is prescribed from one year. Crush the tablet and give the child an hour before feeding or before taking other medicines. At the age of one to three years, half a tablet is used in the morning, afternoon and evening. From three to seven years of age, use a whole tablet three times a day. From 8 to 12 years - 1-2 tablets, this is due to the severity of the poisoning. At the age of over 12 years, use 2-3 tablets three times a day. The duration of such therapy is at least two weeks. This is indicated by the instructions for the drug.

Polyphepan is given to the child one hour before meals or other medications. Dissolve the powder in a tablespoon of warm water. At the age of one year, the dosage is prescribed by the doctor. The duration of treatment is from three days to a week.

Smecta dissolves in water. The duration of therapy is a week. Enterodez is recommended to be taken between meals. For young children, the medicine can be slightly diluted with honey or sugar. Dosages are prescribed by the doctor. The duration of therapy is up to a week, depending on the severity of the disease and the intensity of the symptoms.

Enterosgel is diluted in boiled cooled water. For adults, use undiluted. Doses are prescribed by the doctor after examination and examination. The most common method of treating children of any age is the intake of activated charcoal (sorbex sachets are more often used for children). The duration of treatment should not exceed a week, the doses are set by the doctor, even despite the description in the instructions. Since in each case it may be necessary different dose, depending on the severity of the poisoning and the intensity of the symptoms.

If a child is poisoned, it is not recommended to self-medicate. It is better to immediately seek qualified medical help, since dehydration is dangerous for young children. And in a hospital, he will be constantly monitored.

The use of enterosorbents in the treatment of allergic reactions

Such drugs are used not only for the treatment of food or drug poisoning. Sometimes the symptoms of such diseases are similar to the manifestations of an allergic reaction. Vomiting, stool disorder may also appear, but they are often supplemented by skin rashes, itching, rhinitis, or shortness of breath. Since toxic substances that accumulate in the organs can cause severe allergies, enterosorbents will help to remove them from the body:

• Activated carbon;
• white coal;
• polyphethan;
• enterosgel.

It must be remembered that such substances may also have contraindications Therefore, their independent use is not recommended, so as not to disrupt the intestinal microflora. All dosages are also prescribed by the doctor in the complex therapy of the disease. In addition to treatment medications, it is important to exclude the allergen, observe diet food follow all medical prescriptions.

Absorbent substances from food

In many useful products the composition contains natural absorbent elements, thanks to which it is also possible to supplement complex therapy:

• The bran contains alimentary fiber, similar to the active substances of enterosorbents, vitamin substances. You can buy bran in stores or pharmacy chains.
• Remove radionuclides and heavy metals, toxins from the body, algae and fruits will help, which contain substances such as polysaccharide pectins. Additionally, they reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood fluid.
• Fresh cereals, vegetables. Their regular use in pure form, without heat treatment, helps in cleansing the digestive system and the whole body from toxic substances and slag.

Thanks to the correct, integrated approach in the treatment of poisoning, you can eliminate unpleasant symptoms, cleanse your body of the waste products of pathogens. It must be remembered that it is not recommended to self-medicate, only a doctor can choose the right therapy algorithm based on the stage of development pathological processes, severity of manifestations, age, presence concomitant diseases and possible contraindications. Especially when it comes to a child.

As you know, poisoning with any product () or substance has a detrimental effect on the human body. Severe intoxication develops, which can only be dealt with experienced doctors in a hospital setting. Absorbents are used at all stages of therapy for such conditions. Absorbent drugs for poisoning are used quite widely, in all pharmacological forms, and have a lot of positive effects.

Pharmacological forms of absorbents

The most commonly used absorbents for poisoning can be divided into three large groups depending on their physical properties:

1. Powders.
2. Tablets.
3. Gels.

Without exception, all drugs of these groups have a number of similar indications for use:

1. Removal of symptoms of intoxication after eating stale food.
2. Withdrawal syndrome in long-term use alcoholic beverages and narcotic substances.
3. Cleansing the body without the presence of pathologies.
4. Various kinds of hepatitis, jaundice and other therapeutic diseases.
5. allergies various origins.

Important! Absorbents must be well evacuated from the intestines and have a high sorption capacity!

Powders used to relieve intoxication

The favorite dosage form of many people is an absorbent powder, in case of poisoning it is quite easy to use the most common powders are Polysorb and Smecta. The mechanism of their action is based on the enormous absorbing ability of the particles that make up their composition. Powders not only take away all the harmful components, but also prevent them from being released in the future. The essence of purification lies in the subsequent withdrawal of such bound particles in a natural way.

The main substances deposited on the powders are:

• toxins;
• allergens;
• cholesterol;
• urea;
• bilirubin.

Powders are used in all branches of medicine, as their reliability exceeds the reliability of other forms of detoxification preparations due to the largest absorbent area.

Tablets used to treat poisoning

In the form of tablets, the absorbent in case of poisoning is used mainly at home. Everyone is well known. It is convenient to store such a drug, and it will not be difficult to calculate the required dose, since one tablet should correspond to ten kilograms of weight.

Interesting! Since the time of Hippocrates, charcoal has been used as a powder for wounds.

The essence of the drug's action is practically no different from that of powders. Tablets have a porous structure and when meeting with biological fluids able to be divided into smaller parts, which significantly increases the speed and efficiency of action. The inconvenience of using tablets is that they are too difficult to swallow, and a person with a large body weight sometimes has to eat a whole package at a time.

Gels as the main absorbent preparations in the treatment of children

This form of absorbents appeared relatively recently. Its brightest representative is Enterosgel. I would like to say that the absorbent gel from poisoning in an adult is not the best helper. He is ideal option for a child. The gel has a number of advantages, according to which it is more expedient to prescribe it to children:

1. The sorption capacity is the smallest among other forms, but sufficient for a child.
2. The gel is easy to swallow.
3. Gel does not leave discomfort in the mouth and throat unlike other medicines.

Thus, gels can be taken by an adult, but it is advisable to do this only if there is no possibility of taking other absorbents in case of poisoning. The mechanism of action of the gels is similar to the two previous groups.

Natural substances in the treatment of poisoning

Medicines with medicines, but forget that there are a huge number around us natural helpers not worth it either. The most effective non-drug absorbents for poisoning are dried apricots, raisins, prunes. Do not forget about nuts, rice and bran, which help even better than any pills.

An additional "pros" in their application is that all listed products, have in their composition many useful substances and ions of sodium, potassium, magnesium, which in huge number lost in illness. Thus, natural absorbents will help not only to remove the poison, but also to restore the lost nutrients.

Should you take full control of your treatment?

Many people in the treatment of intoxication are faced with the question of time, when the drug should act. Ideally positive effect should be visible from the first application. With each subsequent intake required dosage the condition should progressively improve.

If such an improvement does not occur, it is not worth being a hero. This fact only indicates that the process has already gone far. Or the concentration of the poison in the body is many times greater than the binding capacity of the drug. In such a situation, you can not do with one absorbent medicine, in case of poisoning severe degree you need to trust the specialists, otherwise this condition can be life-threatening.

A sorbent is a substance that has the ability to bind chemical compounds, vapors, gases and other elements. In medicine, they are used to cleanse the body of poisons, toxins and toxins. In addition, modern sorbents are effective in poisoning with heavy metals, nitrates, pesticides and radionuclides.

They act as follows:

• bind foreign agents and neutralize their harmful effects;
• accelerate the movement of poisons to the nearest exit;
• promote the processing of undigested food residues;
• fixed and transferred physiologically active substances- cholesterol, bile acids, enzymes;
• facilitate the work of the liver - the body's natural filter;
• help the process of natural self-cleaning;
• improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

To prove the effectiveness of sorbents, the French scientist Bertrand in 1830 publicly accepted a teaspoon of arsenic mixed with coal. Thus, he convinced the public of the ability of sorbents to neutralize the effects of poisons.

Substances with sorbing properties are popular not only in medicine - they are used for disinfection and water purification, in the chemical and gas industries, as well as in Unisorb thermal power engineering.

Types of sorbents

According to the principle of absorption of foreign substances, the following main groups are distinguished:

• absorbents that form a single solution or solid mixture with foreign agents;
• adsorbents that bind other elements with their own surface;
• ion exchangers.

In medicine, several types of sorbents are used:

• enterosorbents - substances taken orally, appropriate for the treatment of intestinal pathologies, elimination of symptoms of intoxication and complex cleansing of the body;
• topical products - ointments and creams that help with skin pathologies, ulcers, burns, diaper rash, fungal diseases;
• solutions for intravenous administration - purify blood and plasma (hemosorbents and plasmasorbents).

Classification by chemical composition defines the following types of sorbents:

• carbon - from activated or granulated carbons;
• based clay materials– zeolites and aluminosilicates;
• silicon-containing;
• from vegetable dietary fibers with or without additional processing;
• ion-exchange - are created from natural or synthetic resins.

Sorbent preparations are available in several dosage forms:

• tablets;
• dragee;
• granules;
• powders;
• gels;
• pastes.

The form of the drug is chosen taking into account the desired effect:

• powders are able to interact with toxins that are not only in the intestines, but even in the patient's stomach;
• gels and pastes do not require preliminary dilution, but do not tolerate negative temperatures;
• granules and powders must be washed down or diluted with water;
• tablets are convenient and practical, but last longer;
• dragees are not suitable for all patients due to the presence of additives in the composition.

Sorbents for cleansing the body with allergies

Due to the ability of sorbents to purify the blood, they are successfully used in various types allergies:

• urticaria;
• atopic dermatitis;
• angioedema;
• bronchial asthma;
• food or drug allergies;
• reactions to pollen;
• insect bites.

The drug is prescribed when the first symptoms appear; duration of admission - 1-2 weeks. It is used in combination with antihistamines.

For acute allergic reactions severe redness skin, peeling and uncontrollable itching is acceptable to use shock dose medicines (about 2g/kg of body weight). Such treatment should last no more than 2-3 days.

For the prevention of allergies in people with a predisposition to them, a course is carried out: they take 0.2-0.5 g / kg of body weight for one week of the month, then they make a 3-week pause, and so 3 months after the exacerbation. After taking a break, you can resume the course four times a year.

Enterosorbents for cleansing the body of alcohol

To reduce the toxic effects of future libations, enterosorbents are taken 10-15 minutes before the start of the feast. The next dose should be drunk after the end of the event, and another one in the morning, to eliminate the hangover.

Enterosorbents are also used in acute alcohol poisoning. In this case, preparations with lignin in the composition are recommended. Drink after gastric lavage single dose in accordance with the instructions, and after another 5-7 hours, the reception is repeated.

Many alcoholic beverages have diuretic properties. Therefore, with a severe hangover, as well as to prevent dehydration, it is useful to drink a solution of rehydron (10 ml per 1 kg of body weight). In the absence of it, you can replace it with homemade glucose-salt solution or brine.

Natural sorbents for cleansing the body

Some natural substances have sorbent abilities. This tendency is most pronounced in pectins - fibers that swell when they enter the intestines. Thus, excess moisture is removed along with toxins, as well as excess cholesterol, mercury and lead.

Natural sorbents are obtained by extraction from citrus fruits, apples and seaweed. They are processed and produced in the form of dietary supplements (food additives).

One of the most well-known such sorbents is Akvion, an apple pectin preparation produced in liquid form. It removes toxins and residual decay products of drugs from the body, and also normalizes the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract due to the presence of the prebiotic inulin in the composition.

To carry out a preventive cleansing of the body, you can include in your diet foods that are high in pectins:

• pears;
• plums;
• grape;
• strawberries;
• raspberries;
• cabbage;
• beets;
• carrot;
• buckwheat;
• oatmeal.

In addition to pectins, the following natural sorbents are useful for cleansing the body:

1. chitin is a substance found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and invertebrates. Based on it, the amino sugar chitosan is created, which has a unique molecular structure. Chitosan binds hydrogen ions, acquiring a positive ionic charge, and also has chelating properties. It is a universal sorbent that improves intestinal motility, increases the volume of feces and neutralizes excess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. According to some reports, chitosan also helps with hypertension, removing negative impact NaCl;
2. fiber - sheath plant cells, coarse dietary fiber that can bind toxins and toxins in the intestines. It is found in some foods (whole grains, vegetable and fruit peels, legume husks). For prevention, it is recommended to consume about 35 grams daily;
3. Cellulose is a type of fiber found in in large numbers in bran, Brussels sprouts, wholemeal wheat flour, apples, cucumber peel. Can be used as biological active additive to food.

It is necessary to gradually adjust the diet by introducing new products with cleansing properties into it. Maximum amount useful ingredients, natural sorbents, is preserved in raw vegetables and fruits, as well as whole grains of cereals.

Sorbents for children

Sorbent preparations for children are used for food poisoning, but only after prior consultation with the attending pediatrician. Up to a year, funds are used:

• Polysorb MP;
• Filtrum;
• Smekta.

Older children are allowed:

• Atoxil (from the age of one);
• Enterosgel, Sorbolong (from 3 years old);
• Sorbex, activated carbon, Karbolen, Karbolong (from 7 years old);
• white coal (from 14 years old).

Danger independent application consists in the sensitivity of the children's gastrointestinal tract and the possibility of injury to the mucous membranes. When choosing a specific medicine, preference is given to products based on natural ingredients.

Sorbents in tablets

The most available tableted sorbents:

Activated carbon. It is created on the basis of wood or coal coke, which has undergone additional processing. The drug is characterized by a low sorption capacity - 5 mg/g. For prevention, activated charcoal is taken 1-2 tablets a week in the morning with a glass of water. In acute intoxication, the dosage is 1 tablet per 1 kg of body weight (the daily volume is divided into several doses). The tool has a low selective ability, absorbing not only harmful, but also useful substances. At long-term use appear side effects:

• nausea;
• heartburn;
• flatulence;
• pain in the abdomen.

Activated charcoal acts within 30 minutes after ingestion; maximum efficiency occurs after 5-6 hours. In addition to enterosorbing properties, it reduces intoxication of the body and eliminates diarrhea.

It is currently used mainly due to its wide distribution (it is sold literally in every pharmacy) and affordability.

Filtrum i Laktofiltrum. They contain lignin and lactulose and are suitable for the treatment of long-term intoxications. The drugs remove the decay products of alcohol and drugs, ammonia, metal salts and radionuclides, and also normalize the composition of the intestinal microflora, creating favorable conditions for growth beneficial bacteria. They are taken as follows:

• children from 3 to 7 years - 1 tablet;
• adolescents under 12 years old - 1-2 tablets;
• adults - 3 tablets three times a day.

If the condition is acute, continue taking it for 5 days; for chronic diseases, follow the recommendations for 2-3 weeks.

White charcoal is a product based on silicon dioxide and sucrose. Not suitable for people with diabetes. Otherwise, it has many positive properties:

• high sorption capacity (2 tablets per day are enough);
• elimination of dysbacteriosis and flatulence;
• elimination of toxins resulting from chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract and malnutrition;
• improvement of peristalsis;
• efficacy in intestinal infections, allergies and acute poisoning.

Bionorm - tablets containing prebiotic lactulose, lignin and cellulose. Not an officially recognized drug, classified as food additive. It is prescribed 2-3 tablets three times a day; duration of admission - 14 days.

Sorbents in capsules

Names of sorbents for cleansing the body in capsules:

1. Sorbex. It is created on the basis of activated carbon obtained from coconut shells. The substance does not undergo chemical changes, but has an increased sorption capacity and has a longer effect (1.5–2 days).
2. Sorbolong - a mixture of inulin with Enterosgel, is used in severe acute conditions (overdose medicines, alcohol intoxication, disorders of the digestive tract), as well as planned cleansing. You need to adhere to this dosage:

• children from 3 to 5 years - 5 grams;
• from 5 to 14 years - 10 grams;
• adults - 15 grams, three times a day.

Powders, gels and pastes

In this group, the most popular drugs are:

1. Carbolong is a black powder based on stone charcoal. Produced in packages for single use of 5-10 grams, and more voluminous - 100 and 150 grams. It has the same scope as activated charcoal, and is also effective in hyperacid gastritis. It is prescribed 5-10 grams three times a day; course of treatment - 3-15 days.
2. Enterodes, the active substance is povidone. Does not remove useful substances from the body; good for poisoning light weight and as prophylactic. Suitable for pregnancy; course - 2-15 days.
3. Smecta is a clay-based powder. Envelops and soothes the mucosa, eliminates diarrhea, removes poisons and toxins. Produced in single packages with a dosage of 3 grams each. Duration of admission - 1-4 weeks; in acute poisoning, the dose is tripled. Can be mixed with juice, puree or any semi-liquid product. Contains fragrances.
4. Polyphepan - powder dark brown based on lignin, in bags of 10, 50, 100, 250 and 500 grams. It is mixed with water, consumed four times a day in a tablespoon, for a period of 5-7 days. It has not only a sorption effect, but also reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood. For complex cleansing, the course is extended for a month.
5. Enterosgel is a silicon-based sorbent, white gel or paste. Requires dissolution in 100 ml of water. Apart from acute conditions, appropriate in complex therapy congestion Gastrointestinal tract (except intestinal atony). To a small child can be given without adding water (one dessert spoon).
6. Polysorb is a non-selective silica-based enterosorbent, a bluish powder for suspension preparation. It is characterized by a detoxifying and sorption effect, it is allowed during pregnancy and children from the first day of life. It has wide range applications including:

• food and drug allergies;
• viral hepatitis;
• food poisoning;
• intestinal infections;
• chronic renal failure;
• purulent-septic diseases;
• prevention for residents in areas with polluted ecology.

Effective sorbent for complex body cleansing

Preparations used to cleanse the body should be evaluated according to the following criteria:

• the level of sorption capacity, the amount of foreign agents that are able to bind 1 g of sorbent;
• toxicity - Negative influence on the body, provoking side effects;
• selectivity of action - the lack of a tendency to remove useful substances from the body - vitamins, enzymes, micro- and macroelements;
• versatility - the ability to bind molecules different size and masses;
• the speed and duration of exposure after taking the drug;
• ease of storage and use dosage form drug;
• the presence of additional properties - for example, a calming effect on the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract.

Rules for the use of sorbents for cleansing the body

When using drugs, follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer. Generally general rules sorbent applications are as follows:

• the daily dosage is calculated taking into account the patient's body weight, and is taken in several stages;
• regardless of the form of the drug, the intake should be accompanied by the use of liquid (boiled or mineral water);
• for greater efficiency, tableted sorbents can be crushed and mixed with water;
• all aqueous suspensions, suspensions and solutions are prepared immediately before use;
• in case of taking other medicines (Nifuroxazide, Loperamide, Enterol, etc.), a break of at least 2 hours should be observed;
• sorbents can be taken one hour after a meal or 1.5 hours before it;
• in case of poisoning, the funds are used immediately after identifying symptoms and providing first aid; white sorbent
• long-term intake of sorbents must be compensated by the introduction of vitamin-mineral complexes.

Enterosorbents used for planned complex protection of the body are taken in a course lasting from 10 days to two weeks. Cleansing must be accompanied by a parallel intake of vitamins and probiotics.

For more effective cleaning body should minimize the intake of new harmful substances, following these rules:

• quitting tobacco and alcohol;
• regular walks in the fresh air;
• physical activity;
• drink plenty of water - at least 2 liters pure water(in addition to tea, juices, decoctions) per day;
• diet food, the minimum amount spices, fried and smoked foods.

The best sorbents for cleansing the body: a list of drugs

Taking into account the cause of intoxication, the following drugs are recognized as the best:

With dysbacteriosis and intestinal infections - enterosorbents with the addition of prebiotics and probiotics:

• Sorbolong;
• Lactobioenterosgel;
• Lactofiltrum;
• Baktistatin.

For allergies - non-selective coals:

• Carbolene;
• Carbolone;
• Sorbex.

In case of alcohol poisoning - lignin-based products:

• Lignosorb;
• Polyphepan;
• Liferan.

For liver diseases - preparations with lactulose in the composition:

• actobioenterosgel;
• Lactofiltrum.

At acute intoxication– enterosorbents based on silicon:

• Polysorb MP, which has the highest sorption capacity - 300 mg / g.

Contraindications for cleansing the body with sorbents

Sorbent preparations should not be used in the following cases:

• individual intolerance;
• hypersensitivity or injury to the gastrointestinal mucosa;
• gastritis, accompanied by erosive phenomena;
• peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
• constipation;
• internal bleeding in the intestines;
• reduced peristalsis;
• diabetes mellitus (dragees and granules containing sugar in the composition are prohibited).

Women during pregnancy and lactation should consult with their doctor.

Often, ordinary citizens turn to the help of sorbents in case of serious poisoning of various origins. But some people use such assistants not only for ordinary food intoxication but as a general cleansing of the body. This is typical for those who often drink alcohol, smoke, live in an ecologically unfavorable area, or violate the recommended diet.

But such a practice without prior consultation with a doctor can end in failure. The result does not always justify the investment, since self-treatment is not based on the recommended course of treatment for each patient individually. Another thing is sorbents for food-type poisoning. Their action in different situations have been studied and beneficial features confirmed by clinical trials.

General information about sorbents

The word "sorbent" itself comes from Latin. Literally translated, this means "absorbing", which corresponds to the spectrum of their activities. Substances that absorb toxins and remove accumulated toxins are considered an integral part of therapy for intoxication.

With the help of taking sorbents for poisoning, people experience almost instant relief. The active substance of each such drug neutralizes biological poisons that poison cells various organs and body tissues.

Slags act similar in terms of the area of ​​\u200b\u200baction on toxins. It's a complex harmful substances, which tends to accumulate. Slags adversely affect the functionality of various organs. To prevent this bad influence, people take sorbents.

When ingested, such beneficial substances immediately begin vigorous activity:

• Bind toxins. Work takes place in the intestines, where radionuclides are neutralized, as well as cholesterol and even salts of various heavy metals.
• Speed ​​up the withdrawal process.
• Provoke the production of useful digestive secrets. This rule does not apply to all sorbents, but only to some of them. The latter contribute to the improvement of the activity of the stomach.
• Cleanse the body. The remedy pulls over part of the functional duties of the liver, which cannot cope with the influx of toxins that negatively affect it.
• Encourages the body to remove toxins naturally. According to this principle, the sorbents of the expectorant, choleretic, diuretic spectrum of activity function.

It is worth remembering that the longer the poison lingers in the body, the more it damages human organs. Toxins primarily affect:

• the functioning of the digestive system;
• metabolic processes;
• circulatory system, poisoning the blood and lymph;
• the formation of cancer cells.

That is why doctors urge all poisoned people not to delay contacting the hospital.

Indications for the use of sorbents

Looking for information on what sorbents are and their names, not everyone fully understands the meaning of prescribing such drugs. Uncontrolled intake of drugs of this series can cause irreversible damage to the body. Even an overabundance of the most common activated charcoal can lead to prolonged constipation.

The main indications for the use of sorbent drugs look like this:

• obesity (the mechanism of sorbents helps to remove excess fats);
• acute food poisoning;
• intoxication with poisons different groups origin;
• overdose of other medications or drugs;
• alcohol intoxication;
• withdrawal syndrome;
• kidney disease in acute and chronic form;
• diseases associated with the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas;
• allergic reactions;
• bronchial asthma.

Sorbents have long been used as In the morning after drinking alcohol large doses it is also allowed to use sorbents in the dosage allowed by the doctor.

Much less often, drugs of this spectrum of action are used to relieve symptoms and treat rheumatism, psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. They also work ahead of increased risks development of ischemia and concomitant atherosclerosis.

Modern medicine has developed a special polymer-type adsorbent that alleviates the suffering of a patient with an inoperable stage of oncology. It is injected directly into infected tissues.

The main classification of sorbents

There are several options for sorting these medicines. But the most important classification is the division into sources of their origin and methods of interaction with poisons. They all work in a different way. Because of this diversity, the list of sorbent preparations is updated annually with new products.

The main directions of drugs of this type are divided into the following categories:

• ion exchange,
• carbon,
• natural,
• other.

In the first case, various vegetable resins, or synthetic origin. They work on the principle of a binder for all toxic ions. As a result, new bonds are formed in the body, which contain poisons. At the same time, after exposure to ion-exchange sorbents, these bonds become completely safe.

The human body receives an improved internal environment inside, which became possible due to the activation metabolic processes. Together, this leads to the establishment of the work of all systems and tissues.

The carbon category is considered the most popular among the townsfolk. The funds are in demand because of their effectiveness. They are based on coal. He can be:

• activated,
• granulated.

A little less often, other carbon fiber materials are taken for identical purposes. The principle of operation provides for a "sponge mechanism". Orally administered sorbents absorb accumulated toxins. This ensures that poisons do not enter the bloodstream. The only relative disadvantage when taking carbon sorbents is the number of tablets to eliminate unpleasant symptoms.

Less popular in recent times natural sorbent. It collects all the toxins and accumulated toxic components according to the Velcro principle, sticking it on itself. by the most a prime example pectin is considered such a remedy. It can be found in some fruits and algae. Pharmacists also extract it from:

• cellulose,
• fiber,
• special part cell wall plants.

All remaining sorbents with different mechanism help collected in a single group instead of sorting in more detail. They are not very popular with patients. different principles, but in some cases they can not be dispensed with.

The main representatives of non-standard sorbents are called:

• clay,
• silica gels,
• minerals with high absorption capacity.

Doctors note that with ordinary food poisoning mild degree gravity, it is enough to take the right amount of carbon funds.

But a person absorbs a natural sorbent during his daily diet nutrition if it is balanced.

Main differences between absorbents and adsorbents

Most people who are far from medicine do not understand the difference between absorbents and adsorbents, believing that they are one and the same. But tablets from different groups have a slightly different range of activities.

Absorbent can be called a sorbent having both natural and artificial origin. Its central feature is the ability to absorb the entire mass.

Their surface allows to draw in substances dangerous to the body, which automatically expands the area of ​​the sorbent. There is a retraction of poisons in two ways of interaction:

• chemical,
• physical.

The industrial area is considered the widest scope of absorbent application. They are used as the main assistants in cleaning. natural sources from accumulated poisons and possible chemicals. The gas mixture is subjected to absorption.

Most often, the absorbent comes to the rescue in case of oil spills with any scale of damage or any other types of poisoning. environment. In everyday life, people use them in order to disinfect wastewater or air.

Professionals involved in this professionally often resort to:

• coconut sorbent,
• activated coconut charcoal
• glycol,
• propylene carbonate.

And at home, the listed absorbents become an integral part of:

• multi-level water filters;
• air cleaners;
• funds for the maintenance of sewer systems.

But adsorbents have found their application in medicine. They absorb toxins on their own surface. Due to this, they bind harmful chemical compounds that have entered the body. In practice, this means that toxins are collected on the surface of the sorbent, and do not penetrate into it.

These drugs are aimed not only at blocking the effects of toxins, but also at slowing down their absorption. Assign adsorbents in the following situations:

• overdose of sleeping pills or glycosides;
• development of dyspepsia (problems with the activity of the stomach);
• food infections;
• intoxication with salts of heavy metals;
• alkaloid poisoning;
• exacerbation of a number of diseases associated with the digestive tract.

The most prominent representative of this category is considered. Also, doctors often prescribe white clay, silica gels and drugs like Enterosorbent.

The advantage of adsorbents is the ability to use them for almost all people. The only warning is an allergic reaction to individual components or individual intolerance to the active substance. It is also not recommended to use them for bleeding or exacerbation of peptic ulcer. gastric disease. In all other cases, they are considered relatively safe medicines.

What are enterosorbents?

Separately, enterosorbents are isolated, which belong to the segment of drugs with different structures. Their main duty is to bind harmful substances in the stomach and intestines that got there from the outside or were formed there on their own.

Their mechanism of action differs depending on the specific drug. Some of these medicines work as an absorber of poisons in volumes, and some work only on the surface.

In addition to the fact that enterosorbents help with typical intoxications, they are often prescribed to alleviate the patient's condition with chronic diseases gastrointestinal tract. In some situations, they may not even be prescribed orally, but as a wound treatment.

Indications for their use are called:

• acute intestinal infections;
• an allergic reaction to drugs or foods;
• alcohol intoxication;
• poisoning with salts of heavy metals;
• treatment of wounds with the release of pus and burns of the trophic type;
• intoxication after viral hepatitis;
• liver failure;
• intestinal dysbacteriosis;
• prevention chronic poisoning, which is typical for employees in the field of chemical production.

The main drugs of this series are called:

• "Enterosgel" and "Sorbolong", which is based on its detoxifier;
• "MP";

Despite the fact that all types of sorbents belong to the conditional category of "safe drugs", they should not be taken without a doctor's prescription.

Almost every person took drugs from the sorbents group. Pharmaceutics does not stand in one place, so a variety of sorbed drugs are now being produced, and each has its own spectrum of action and contraindications.

In this article, we will just consider what sorbents should be taken in case of poisoning.

But, it is worth remembering that in case of poisoning, you need not only to take the drug, but also to carry out a number of other activities.

The content of the article:
1. Good (popular) sorbents

Good (popular) sorbents

The sorbent itself is solid, which is able to sorb gases, dissolve components, including liquids, both human and those that enter the body from the external environment.

Consider a list of the most popular sorbents that doctors prescribe for varying degrees severity of poisoning.

Prescribe:

• Activated carbon.
• Carbolene.
• Polyphepan.

As a quick removal of toxins, you can use Polysorb or Carbolong preparations.

Activated charcoal is available in powder and tablet form. If used incorrectly, the digestion process is disturbed. The patient has constipation, diarrhea. It is necessary to take the drug correctly. Do not take tablets or powder for more than 14 days.

Important! If you take activated charcoal in conjunction with other drugs, then its effectiveness is significantly reduced.

Karbolen, has not only adsorbing, but detoxification spectrum of action. The drug for plant-based belongs to the group of antidotes. Due to the rich composition, it helps to adsorb not only toxins of plant origin, but also of natural origin.

Contraindications: intestinal obstruction, stomach bleeding. Do not use the remedy for stomach ulcers.

Enterosgel contains polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate. According to its structure, the drug has an organosilicon matrix, also called a molecular sponge. The drug has a similar spectrum of action, in the lumen of the stomach begins to bind toxic poisons. After that, the process of their removal is carried out.

Do not use the drug Enterosgel: in case of intolerance to the main composition, as well as intestinal atony.

Polyphepan, the active ingredient is hydrolytic lignin. In addition to sorption activity, Polyphepan additionally has a non-specific detoxification spectrum.

Do not drink Polyphepan if there is intolerance to the composition, during exacerbation peptic ulcer stomach, including 12 duodenal ulcers. Additional contraindications include intestinal atony and anacid gastritis.

Smecta, the preparation contains diomectite. It has a good adsorbing effect on the human body. This drug helps to stabilize the mucosal barrier directly in the gastrointestinal tract. Against this background, a polyvalent bond begins to form, the amount of fluid increases, and the cytoprotective property improves significantly.

Contraindications for use: do not use the drug for intestinal obstruction, fructose intolerance, and also if a person has a sucrase-isomaltase deficiency.

Important! Before using any of the above sorbent in case of poisoning, you should carefully read the instructions. Each drug has different side effects that you need to be aware of.

As we said above, there are several groups of sorbents. Let us give the main examples of medical adsorbed groups.

The first group is called adsorbents. Active ingredients drugs from this group are capable of binding toxic substances. At this moment it creates liquid solution or solid mass, which is subsequently excreted from the human body. The process of separating the solution and the solid mass occurs with the help of the excretory system.

The second group is adsorbents that are capable of thickening toxic components. The withdrawal process is similar.

The third group is ion exchangers. In this case, the absorption of ions of one type occurs, which is subsequently replaced by another ion.

Need to pay Special attention that the first group and the second can be combined during treatment.

As you already understood, the main purpose of sorbent preparations is to “catch” toxic components in the human body as quickly as possible, and naturally remove them.

How do drugs work? Active binding of the drug with toxins occurs due to the porous structure. It does not matter what you take for the release form.

Important! Sorbents "catch" toxins, it does not neutralize them, especially if they have penetrated into the blood.

Sorbents for cleaning the body in case of alcohol poisoning

Alcohol poisoning occurs not only in drinking people(alcoholics). Absolutely anyone can get poisoned by alcohol-containing drinks.

Now there is a lot of burnt alcohol on the market, so the choice of such products must be taken seriously.

As a rule, people with a hangover start taking activated charcoal. Some will now say that the drug in this case is ineffective.

We want to draw your attention to the most important points. Ethanol molecules are not only small, but also quite "nimble". It is for this reason that ethanol is rapidly absorbed into human blood.

Activated charcoal and its other analogues, as a rule, do not help with alcohol poisoning. However, there is one exception to the rule. If you take the remedy immediately after alcohol, at least for an hour, then a positive effect will occur.

So what to do with a hangover, how to help yourself? You should not think that sorbents are not at all effective in this situation, no, they are not.

To prevent strong hangover syndrome, it is necessary to take the drug on the eve of the feast, about 30 minutes in advance. In this case, you can avoid a hangover. But here there is one small point. If you take activated charcoal, then you will get drunk less and more slowly, although if you look from the other side, this moment can be attributed to positive qualities.

Each person must understand that the sorbent will remove the bulk of the toxins, the cooled part will be removed in the morning. But anyway you won't have severe hangover. According to statistics, after taking the sorbent, in the morning the condition is excellent.

As for signs alcohol poisoning. Activated charcoal can also be taken with such poisoning, but doctors recommend it as emergency assistance use other medicines. For example: Enterosgel or Polysorb. They have a large spectrum of action, thereby more actively removing toxins from the human body.

Sorbents for drug poisoning

Drugs can be both harmful and beneficial. The tablet form of release, including capsules, dragees, is able to kill all inorganics in our gastrointestinal tract.

In order to eliminate the signs of poisoning with tablets, it is necessary to use Carbolong as an emergency. The drug is produced in 100-150 g and 5-10 g each. With such poisoning, the patient needs to drink at least 5-10 grams of the sorbed agent. Take three times a day.

Appoint drug Polysorb You shouldn't take pills. Since the drug is available in a variety of release forms, they can rinse the stomach well. You will not be able to carry out the procedure on your own, therefore, as soon as possible, contact the hospital.

Sorbents for food poisoning

There are a lot of drugs that help with this poisoning. Currently, doctors are actively prescribing Enterosgel. In childhood, it is best to use the gel. At the age of two years, one teaspoon is sufficient.

Adults take 1 tablespoon, it is allowed to drink 2-3 times a day.

In second place in terms of effectiveness is the drug Smecta. Sold in powder form of 3 grams. For an adult, it is enough to take 9 grams, that is, these are 3 sachets of the drug. Drink once a day, in order to achieve the maximum effect, you need to take the drug two more times a day.

In third place is activated carbon. If the signs are pronounced, then it is necessary to take 20-30 mg 3-4 times a day. After some time, you can reduce the dosage activated carbon. Take two grams per day when stable.

Sorbents for children: which ones are better to use

Food poisoning, including drug poisoning, most often occurs in childhood. Why? The fact is that children's body does not have "persistence", so you can get poisoned at any time. The microflora in children is not formed, so microorganisms can hit it in a matter of minutes.

Now let's talk about help, how about helping a child? If an adult can take coal in case of poisoning, then in children under 7 years of age it is strictly contraindicated.

The ideal option for poisoning in a child is to give Enterosgel a drink that is soft enough in structure, so it is easier to tolerate. The second significant quality of the drug: Enterosgel has a more pronounced adsorbing spectrum of action than, for example, activated carbon.

Before taking Enterosgel, parents should carefully read the instructions. It is desirable to have this remedy at home all the time. The instructions prescribe all dosages by age category.

Enterosgel - enough expensive remedy, a good alternative is Polysorb, Polyphepan. In childhood, Smecta can also be used.

Natural sorbents for cleansing the body

To cleanse the body of any intoxication, you can resort to natural products.

Distinguish:

• Chitin.
• Cellulose.
• Pectin.
• Bran.
• Cellulose.

In carrots, apples, and also in pears, you can find a lot of fiber and pectin. These components are also found in vegetable food such as in seaweeds.

Cellulose is found in a variety of foods, but most of all in flour. coarse grinding. As for chitin, most of it is found in mushrooms, for example, in champignons. Bran is freely available, sold in almost every store in simple bags.

All products should be used after the main symptoms of poisoning, in particular vomiting and gastrointestinal upset, have passed.

When are sorbents prescribed?

They use means - sorbents not only for poisoning and to prevent a hangover. AT medical practice drugs from this group can be used for various diseases and pathological processes.

When else can you take:

• prescribed drugs for overeating;
• with severe poisoning with chemical poisons;
• if poisoning with narcotic components has occurred;
• often sorbents are used in complex therapy, in acute or chronic kidney failure(drugs are also prescribed for liver failure);
• with allergies.

In addition to these indications, they are used in pathologies, such as the digestive tract or pancreas. Sorbents help well with immune-mediated pathologies. For example: if the patient has a history of bronchial asthma, psoriasis, rheumatism.

As you can see, the list of sorbents is not that big. The most important thing is to know how to choose the right drug for poisoning. It is necessary to take into account general state, contraindications and of course the age of the patient. To obtain desired effect and prevent side reaction observe a strict dosage.

How to choose a sorbent video