Mannitol reviews. Mannitol - chemical compound

Mannitol

Composition and release form of the drug

Solution for infusion transparent, colorless.

When administered by inhalation

From the side of metabolism: often - loss of appetite.

From the outside nervous system: often - headache; infrequently - dizziness.

On the part of the hearing organ: infrequently - pain in the ears.

From the outside respiratory system: very often - cough; often - hemoptysis, bronchospasm, wheezing, bronchial asthma, deterioration of condition, pain in the pharyngolaryngeal region, moist cough, feeling of discomfort in the area chest, infected sputum; uncommon - positive test for fungus in sputum, "swamping" syndrome respiratory tract, throat irritation, rhinorrhea.

From the outside digestive system: often - vomiting, post-cough vomiting; infrequently - gastroesophageal reflux disease, glossalgia.

For the skin and subcutaneous tissues: uncommon - acne, itching, rash, cold sweat, acne.

From the outside musculoskeletal system: uncommon - arthralgia, joint stiffness, musculoskeletal pain in the chest area.

From the urinary system: infrequently - urinary incontinence.

Others: infrequently - pain in the area of ​​the hernial sac.

Drug interactions

At simultaneous use mannitol with cardiac glycosides may increase them toxic effect associated with hypokalemia.

special instructions

With intravenous administration

Use with caution in patients with severe forms of chronic heart failure, hypovolemia, and impaired renal function.

If symptoms such as: headache, vomiting, dizziness, visual disturbances, administration should be stopped and the development of complications such as subdural and subarachnoid bleeding should be excluded.

When using mannitol, it is necessary to monitor blood pressure, diuresis, and the concentration of electrolytes in the blood serum (potassium, sodium).

When administered by inhalation

The condition of patients with bronchial asthma for worsening symptoms of bronchial asthma after inhalation of the initial dose.

Patients should be monitored for bronchial hyperresponsiveness to inhaled mannitol when assessed during inhalation of the initial dose before starting permanent use V therapeutic doses. If the patient exhibits hyperresponsiveness, inhaled mannitol should not be used. In the control of bronchial hyperreactivity, usual measures precautions.

With inhalation of mannitol, bronchospasm may develop even in patients who did not experience hyperreactivity to inhalation of the initial dose.

The safety and effectiveness of inhaled mannitel have not been established in patients with FEV1 less than 30% of normal.

Patients with a history of hemoptysis should be carefully monitored.

Use in pediatrics

Pregnancy and lactation

Adequate and strictly controlled studies in humans have not been conducted.

The use of mannitol during pregnancy and lactation is possible in cases where the expected benefit to the mother exceeds possible risk for a fetus or an infant.

Use in childhood

For impaired renal function

Contraindicated in chronic renal failure, violation of the filtration function of the kidneys.

Use with caution in patients with impaired renal function.

Instructions

Mannitol is a diuretic medication that can be prescribed by your doctor to treat many health problems. Also used in cosmetology.

Name

Tradename

The name is traditional.

International nonproprietary name

Identical to trade name.

Latin name

Pharmacological group

The drug belongs to the diuretic (diuretic) drugs, previously considered, among other things, as a laxative.

Release forms and composition

It can be purchased in the form of a solution for infusion (glass bottles, not ampoules). Per 1000 ml of solution contains 150 g of mannitol as an active ingredient. Auxiliary components are sodium chloride and injection water. The solution is transparent. Not available in tablet form.

Mechanism of action of Mannitol

Pharmacodynamics

The active substance of the drug allows you to increase osmotic pressure in plasma and promotes the filtration process without reabsorption. Due to this, water is retained in renal tubules, urine volume increases. Fluid passes from tissues (brain and eyeball) into the vascular stream. The diuretic effect is directly proportional to the dose prescribed by the doctor. As a result of the action of the medicine, the amount of circulating blood increases.

Pharmacokinetics

The drug is excreted by the kidneys. The half-life may be up to 36 hours in patients with renal disorders. Normally, this time is 100 minutes.

Indications for use Mannitol

Administration of the drug intravenously is justified if the patient has the following pathologies:

• cerebral edema;
• forced diuresis, which was the result of poisoning with salicylates or barbiturates;
• acute attacks of glaucoma;
• cranial hypertension;
• status epilepticus;
• oliguria and renal ischemia in renal failure;
• high intracranial pressure;
• violations of the filtration function of the kidneys.

The tool can also be used to prevent hemolysis in surgical intervention, when performing shunting on the cardiopulmonary system.

Contraindications

The drug cannot be used by patients in therapeutic purposes in the following cases:

• hemorrhagic stroke;
• increased susceptibility to the main component of the drug;
• pulmonary edema;
• hyponatremia, hypokalemia;
• severe dehydration;
• chronic heart failure;
• subarachnoid hemorrhage.

How to take Mannitol?

Solution for infusion

The solution is administered intravenously by stream or drip. Treatment is mainly carried out in a hospital setting.

For adults

The dosage for preventive purposes is 0.5 g/kg of body weight, for therapeutic purposes - 1-1.5 g/kg of the patient’s weight.

The amount of the drug for treatment per day cannot exceed 140-180 g.

For children

Treatment with the drug can be carried out in children, but careful medical supervision. The dosage is 0.25-2 g per 1 kg of child weight. This dose may be changed by the doctor based on the severity of the disease and the age of the child.

Side effects

During treatment with this drug, the patient may experience the following pathologies:

• symptoms of dehydration (dry mouth, thirst, cramps, dry skin, muscle weakness, falling blood pressure, hallucinations and dyspepsia);
• problems with water and electrolyte metabolism, for example, hyponatremia and an increase in circulating blood volume;
• painful sensations behind the sternum, skin rash, tachycardia and thrombophlebitis;
• disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
• hemoptysis.

Overdose

In case of excessive intake active substance in the body may aggravate the manifestations of adverse reactions. In this case, it is important to urgently contact a specialist who will help the patient cope with the consequences of an overdose.

Application features

During pregnancy and lactation

Application during breastfeeding and during the period of bearing a child it is possible, but it must be under medical supervision. The appointment must be made with caution.

Is it possible in childhood?

The drug can be prescribed to children, but doctors must monitor vital signs during such therapy.

In old age

The purpose of this age group must be carried out with increased vigilance.

For impaired renal function

If the patient has tubular necrosis, this remedy cannot be assigned.

Effect on concentration

Does not affect the ability to concentrate or react quickly (speed of psychomotor reactions).

If they appear adverse reactions in the form of headache and dizziness, an indirect effect may be exerted.

Drug interactions

With other drugs

When used with cardiac glycosides, toxic effects may increase due to hypokalemia.

Alcohol compatibility

Alcoholic drinks can cause thirst and dehydration, so combining this medication with them is dangerous.

Storage conditions and periods

Store indicated for 3 years in a dark place away from children. Temperature should be from +18 to +20°C.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies

Is it sold without a prescription?

The acquisition of the drug without a medical prescription is impossible.

What is the price?

The cost of funds starts from 100 rubles.

Recipe in Latin

Making a prescription for given language- This is a characteristic inherent in all doctors. In such a prescription, the drug will be referred to as Mannitolum.

Gross formula

C6H14O6

Pharmacological group of the substance Mannitol

Nosological classification (ICD-10)

CAS code

69-65-8

Characteristics of the substance Mannitol

Osmotic diuretic.

Lyophilized mass light yellow color. Let's dissolve in water (very easily — in hot).

Pharmacology

pharmachologic effect- decongestant, diuretic.

Increases the osmotic pressure of plasma, promotes the transition of fluid from tissues to vascular bed, increases BCC. Filtered by the kidneys without subsequent tubular reabsorption, it increases the osmotic pressure in the tubules and interferes with the reabsorption of water, which leads to water retention in the tubules and an increase in urine volume. At the same time, natriuresis increases significantly without a significant increase in kaliuresis. The diuretic effect is higher than more dose. Approximately 80% of the administered intravenous dose is found in the urine within 3 hours. It is not effective in cases of impaired filtration function of the kidneys, as well as in azotemia in patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites.

May be slightly metabolized in the liver.

Application of the substance Mannitol

Cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure in renal or renal liver failure, status epilepticus, acute attack glaucoma, operations with extracorporeal circulation, acute renal (with preserved filtration function of the kidneys) and liver failure, post-transfusion complications caused by the introduction incompatible blood, acute poisoning barbiturates and other substances (forced diuresis).

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity, organic lesions kidneys, impaired renal filtration function, congestive heart failure, hemorrhagic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage (except bleeding during craniotomy), severe forms dehydration, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, acute tubular necrosis.

Restrictions on use

Pregnancy, lactation period.

Side effects of Mannitol

Dehydration (dryness) skin, dyspepsia, myasthenia gravis, convulsions, dry mouth, thirst, hallucinations, decreased blood pressure), disorders electrolyte balance, tachycardia, chest pain, thrombophlebitis, skin rash.

Interaction

There may be an increase in the toxic effect of cardiac glycosides (hypokalemia).

Routes of administration

Precautions for the substance Mannitol

To eliminate the phase of increasing BCC, incl. for heart failure, should be combined with loop diuretics.

Therapy must be carried out under the control of water-electrolyte balance and central hemodynamics. If headache, vomiting, dizziness, or visual disturbances occur during administration, the administration should be stopped and the development of complications such as subdural and subarachnoid bleeding should be excluded.

Administration of mannitol for anuria caused by organic diseases kidneys, can lead to the development of pulmonary edema.

special instructions

A 10% solution can be prepared at room temperature, 15 and 20% solutions can be prepared by heating in a water bath to 37 °C. In a 20% solution of mannitol, especially when it is cooled, crystals may form, to dissolve which it is necessary to heat the bottle in hot water or in an autoclave, shaking occasionally. Cool to body temperature or below before use.

Interactions with other active ingredients

Trade names

Name	The value of the Vyshkowski Index ®

Mannitol - organic compound, polyhydric (sugar) alcohol with six carbon atoms is a saturated aliphatic hexahydric alcohol with the formula CH 2 OH-(CHOH) 4 -CH 2 OH or C 6 H 14 O 6, or C 6 H 8 (OH) 6. Synonym: mannitol.

It was first isolated from manna, a lichen growing in the southern steppes. Manna (referred to in the Bible as “manna from heaven”) is also the name given to the sweet dried sap of tamarisk trees and shrubs. Later, this substance was discovered in other plants, for example, manna ash and round-leaved ash, asparagus, beets, onions, lilacs, camel thorn, figs, celery, jasmine, cauliflower, olives, mushrooms, seaweed (kelp).

Industrially, mannitol is obtained by processing natural raw materials, most often brown seaweed ( seaweed), or reduction of fructose. There are ways to obtain mannitol by chemical synthesis.

Properties

The substance is a crystalline, non-hygroscopic powder, colorless and odorless, with a sweetish taste. It dissolves well in water, aniline, alcohol, and does not dissolve in ethers and hydrocarbons.

Possesses weak acidic and basic properties. Forms esters as a result of interaction with acids, for example, hexanitrogen ether nitromannite, which explodes on impact. With careful oxidation, it passes into glucose. Forms anhydrides.

Mannitol has the same chemical formula that dulcite and sorbitol. They differ as optical stereoisomers. Mannitol has an axis of symmetry and is found in the form of d- and l-isomers, rotating the plane of polarization in different sides, as well as a mixture of these modifications, which does not have optical activity.

It is non-toxic, does not cause allergies, does not contribute to the development of caries, and can be eaten even by children and pregnant women. The EU Commission has confirmed that at recommended doses, mannitol can be used as a sweetener for a long time, as it increases blood glucose levels much less than sucrose. In addition, it has almost half the calorie content of sorbitol and xylitol.

Uses of mannitol

- In medicine it is used as a mild laxative, for preparing saline solutions, diuretics, choleretic drugs; for removing toxins, barbiturates, salicylates, bromides, lithium and other substances in case of poisoning. Used to diagnose kidney function.
— In pharmaceuticals: for the production of drugs to reduce intracranial and intraocular pressure; drugs for intensive care at the time of surgical intervention; drugs used for renal and liver failure; to remove convulsive syndrome; for the treatment of the gastrointestinal tract. Popular as a filler for tablets with a pleasant fresh and sweet taste, especially lozenges.
— Food supplement E421, viscosity stabilizer, confectionery baking powder - in the food industry. It is added to dairy and some other products to prevent lumps from forming and caking. Due to its low hygroscopicity, mannitol is used to prepare durable glazes for sweets, ice cream and chewing gum. E421 enhances the cooling effect of mints and chewing gum. Used as a sweetener in foods for diabetics, dietary nutrition.
— For the production of drying oils, resins, varnishes, paints, surfactants; as a raw material for complex organic syntheses in the chemical industry.
— In analytical chemistry, mannitol solution is used for titrimetric detection of boron and germanium.
— For the production of cosmetic and perfumery products.
— In microbiology for preparation nutrient media.
— To create a background in electrochemical methods of analyzing a substance (in polarography).
— As an indicator for monitoring technological processes in metallurgy, textile, chemical, food industry and in agriculture.

In the Prime Chemicals Group chemical reagents and equipment store, you can buy mannitol with delivery at a good price. Wholesale customers are provided with discounts.

Diuretics have different structure, but have one general property. They increase the volume of fluid removed from the body. Otherwise they are called osmotic diuretics. These medications are used in complex therapy hypertension, pathologies of cardio-vascular system. In addition, their use is justified for any other disorders accompanied by swelling of organs and tissues. Among all, Mannitol is the most popular. This is exactly what this article will be about.

"Mannitol" - what is it?

"Mannitol" is medicine, which has a pronounced diuretic effect. The composition also significantly increases the volume of blood circulating in the body. The main indications for its use are status epilepticus, high intracranial pressure, and renal failure.

In the role active ingredient The medicine is a substance of the same name - mannitol. Among the auxiliary ingredients, the instructions note sodium chloride, sodium sulfacyl, flavacridine hydrochloride. Pharmaceutical companies The medicine is produced in the form of a solution for intravenous injections. It goes on sale in glass bottles of various sizes.

Pharmacological properties

Instructions for use "Mannitol" is characterized as a drug with a diuretic effect. The diuretic effect is due to an increase in plasma and a decrease in water reabsorption. The use of the drug for therapeutic purposes promotes the transfer of fluid from tissues to blood vessels. This is exactly the result that patients with high pressure in these organs.

The diuretic effect is dose-dependent. An increase in the volume of the drug directly proportional to the amount excreted osmotically free liquid, chlorine and sodium. For azotemia in patients with liver cirrhosis or ascites, the use of the drug is not advisable. Its use may cause hyponatremia, therefore self-treatment unacceptable. During therapy, the physician should constantly monitor the sodium/potassium content in the blood serum, as well as diuresis and blood pressure.

Indications for use

• renal failure;
• attack of glaucoma;
• acute liver failure;
• increased;
• chemical poisoning.

Mannitol solution is also used during surgery with extracorporeal circulation to prevent hemoglobinemia.

Mode of application

The diuretic is administered intravenously by drip or stream. It is recommended to warm it up to body temperature beforehand. The dosage regimen is determined by the doctor taking into account the patient’s condition and his disease. For preventive purposes, the drug is prescribed at the rate of 500 mg per kilogram of weight, for therapeutic purposes - 1.5 g per kilogram of weight. Daily dosage should not exceed 180 g.

At surgical intervention using extracorporeal circulation, the patient is injected with 20-40 g of solution immediately before the operation. For patients with oliguria, the medication is first given slowly by drip over five minutes. The dosage regimen is determined by the doctor. If within three hours after the injection an increase in diuresis to 45 ml/g is not observed, the drug is discontinued.

Contraindications and side effects

What does the instructions for use say about contraindications? Mannitol is not recommended for use in the following pathologies:

• hemorrhagic stroke;
• dehydration of the body;
• left ventricular failure;
• pulmonary edema;
• acute tubular necrosis;
• subarachnoid bleeding.

With extreme caution, the drug is prescribed to pregnant and lactating women. The use of the drug is permissible only under the supervision of a physician. The specialist must weigh the ratio of risk to the baby and benefit to the mother.

Information about side effects

Before starting therapy, you should read the annotation to the drug. What does the instructions for use say about side effects? Mannitol, in case of excess permissible dosage, can cause dehydration. Therefore, the use of the drug is permissible only under the supervision of a physician. Dyspepsia, thirst, low blood pressure, convulsions - these symptoms indicate a change in water-electrolyte balance in the body. The drug should be stopped and consult a doctor. The specialist must adjust the treatment regimen or prescribe a synonym for the medication.

Available analogues

When considering the description of the drug "Mannitol" (what it is, how and for what purpose it is prescribed), it is important to pay attention to its analogues. Despite the good tolerance of the medication, it is not suitable for everyone. If during treatment the patient experiences headaches and vision problems, it should be discontinued. In particularly serious cases, the doctor will order an examination to rule out complications such as subdural bleeding.

Similar in mechanism of action and pharmacological properties"Mannitol" is a lyophilisate for the preparation infusion solution"Urea". Among other analogues of the drug positive reviews deserved "Mannitol". This is a medicine used to increase the volume of urine. Pharmaceutical companies produce it in the form of an injection solution. "Mannitol" and "Mannitol" are identical drugs. Their use is justified when there is increased intracranial pressure, cerebral edema, glaucoma and other disorders. The only difference is the side reactions. Taking Mannitol is sometimes accompanied by disturbances in water-electrolyte balance and the appearance of symptoms characteristic of this condition. Exceeding the recommended dosage of "Mannitol" during treatment can lead to the development of thrombophlebitis and tachycardia. WITH medical point In terms of vision, Mannitol is safer.

Price, drug reviews

Consumer opinions about the drug are found with both positive and negative connotations. An important advantage of the diuretic is its low price. For example, for a bottle (200 ml) you will have to pay only 100 rubles. Reviews from patients confirm that the drug fully performs its intended functions. Side effects are extremely rare.

Negative reviews are most often due to the method of using the drug Mannitol. For many people, pills are preferred option treatment. This diuretic is produced only in the form of an injection solution. Therefore, patients are forced to refuse it, replacing it with analogues.

In conclusion, it should be noted that Mannitol is effective osmotic diuretic. Still this medicinal product. Therefore, before using it, you must read the instructions. Be healthy!