What antibiotics for the treatment of bronchitis in adults. Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics in adults

IN Lately All more people suffer from chronic diseases, the main disadvantage of which is incurability. To obtain a stable remission, treatment sometimes lasts several years. One of these ailments is inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, called bronchitis. This history is accompanied by cough, fever, shortness of breath.

Speaking about the disease, it is worth noting that the symptoms are caused by all sorts of provocateurs: from SARS to the presence of chlamydia. With a reduced resistance of the immune system, the course accelerates, the body is exposed to viruses and bacteria. In some people, the source of the disease are allergens or hypothermia. Staying close to the patient can be detrimental to well-being, if contact is inevitable - wear sterile gauze bandages.

In the vast majority, bronchitis is a complication viral infection which is not worth treating with antibiotics. Antiviral drugs are not able to destroy the cause, adversely affect the immune system, deprive the body of its own struggle. At viral signs stay in bed, use more liquid. As medicines, immunostimulants, drugs with expectorant properties have a positive effect.

When are antibiotics prescribed?

Treatment does not begin with medications in the early days. Use expectorant drugs against sputum, drink liquids 2 liters per day. Indications for prescribing drugs:

1. Body temperature 38 degrees for two days.
2. Manifestation of signs of toxic poisoning.
3. Dyspnea.
4. The level of ESR in the blood is above the permissible norm.
5. Wheezing with no symptoms bronchial obstruction.

The reason for the use of therapy is the disease for three weeks with the presence of inflammatory processes in the lungs and blood.

Bronchitis treatment

Before starting therapy, the doctor examines the patient, finds out the symptoms, the nature of the disease, and conducts laboratory tests. Depending on the symptoms, there are 3 types of bronchitis (acute, chronic, acute obstructive).

acute form

The doctor can establish the diagnosis when examining the patient in a few minutes, fixing the following signs:

• unproductive cough is a common ailment of the initial stage of inflammation of the bronchi. In patients, cough is caused by inhalation, and at low or high temperatures, the character is complicated;
• superthermal reaction - the presence of a body temperature of 38 degrees from three days. A temperature of 38 degrees indicates pneumonia;
• worsening general condition body, increased sweating. The accelerated inflammatory process occurring in the bronchial tree causes intoxication of the body;
• shortness of breath, deterioration of the body. As the ventilation properties decrease, the state of health becomes lethargic, the nature of the course of bronchitis becomes severe, complications may occur;
• wheezing on auscultation of the lungs initial stage are dry and rough in nature, as the mucus is discharged, it becomes large and medium-bubbly. The manifestation of other types corresponds to pneumonia.

The main symptom of the disease is cough. A two-week manifestation of which is diagnosed with an acute form.

Reasons for the appearance

Microbes and structure bronchial tree play a major role in the development of the disease. The reasons are detailed below:

1. When a cold occurs, hypothermia of the body - the body's defenses decrease.
2. The presence of bacterial infections: staphylococcus aureus, pneumococcus, Marcel and other pathogens.
3. Viral sources in SARS or influenza affect the bronchial mucosa with subsequent activation of pathogens in the damaged area of ​​the epithelium.
4. Deficiency of the immune system.
5. A thin lumen in the bronchial tree interferes with the normal discharge of sputum, so the slightest infection causes inflammation.

Treatment

Whether or not to prescribe antibiotics for acute bronchitis is decided by the doctor individually. It is advisable to recommend the use of antibacterial and antifungal drugs for their destruction and subsequent reproduction in case of complications of the course of the disease. Effective drugs against infections - Amoxicillin, Spiracimin and Erythromycin.

Therapy for acute bronchitis has remained the same and does not differ from that previously adopted. New methods have only improved the system for delivering medicines: directly to the bronchi, bypassing other organs. The most effective is inhalation. Medicines in liquid crushed form act in the smallest structures of the bronchial tree. Contraindications for inhalation therapy are sinusitis, the heating of the foci of which, when heated, promotes the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics for bronchitis for inhalation: Ambroxol, Ambrobene, Broncholitin.

What algorithm?

You can cope with the disease at home with the drugs recommended by your doctor. By following these recommendations, you can eliminate foci of infection and inflammation, avoiding complications.

When treating the initial stage, try to lie down and drink fluids 2 times the daily rate. Stick to the principles of the diet: eat dairy and plant food, avoid spicy dishes and seasonings, do not provoke the body allergenic products, include in the diet an abundance of fruit. Administer aerosol therapy with ipratropium bromide, which will deliver to the lungs the required dosage in the form of small particles. The use of Berotek or Salbutamol effectively helps (mitigate the signs of the disease). Recommended for patients with sinusitis vibration massage with postdural drainage with abundant sputum discharge.

Follow-up therapy contains methods to destroy infections. For antiviral therapy appoint 5 drops in the nose of interferon from 4 to 6 times a day. Application is also possible in the form of an aerosol. Ribavirin is indicated for influenza symptoms: 10 mg/kg per day divided into 3 doses and follow this regimen for up to 5 days. With severe ARVI, immunoglobulin 0.1 ml / kg every 6 hours helps. With immune deficiency, the dosage increases to 0.5 ml / kg.

The etiology of the disease with possible complications requires other methods. Antibiotics for acute bronchitis:

1. Azithromycin: 10 mg/kg immediately followed by 5 mg/kg daily for 5 days. You can replace the drug with another macrolide group: erythromycin (30-50 mg/kg), oleandomycin (0.25-1 g/kg), Roxithromycin (50-100 mg/kg), Medikamycin (30-50 mg/kg) .
2. How expectorant when coughing, Pertussin, Mukaltin, an infusion of licorice root are prescribed. With viscous sputum, Carbocisteine, Ambroxol for cough or Lazolvan are recommended. The dosage is individual for each patient and depends on the nature of the course of the disease and age.
3. Antitussive drugs Sinekod or Kofeks help with unproductive cough during the first days of illness. Purpose similar drugs can eliminate the cough reflex and increase the viscosity of sputum. For children with sinusitis, the described therapy is inappropriate, since it can cause a hallucinogenic effect.

Chronic form

progressive or slow developing inflammation in the bronchi with the etiology of cough for more than three months, chronic bronchitis is determined. Main symptom appears at two years of age. The scope of the course of the disease serves as a sign in the diagnosis. The pathogenetics of the disease is inflammation in the bronchi with subsequent restructuring. The described signs lead to violations of the patency of the lungs, interfere with the separation of the secret. Are common immune mechanisms become vulnerable and unable to eliminate the disease on their own. Infections continue to become more active, inflammation becomes chronic with signs of coughing and impaired respiratory function.

Causes of the disease

Etiology of chronic inflammatory process is for the following reasons:

• infections caused by pathogens: atypical, bacterial and viral. The combination of this cause with inflammation of the tonsils, sinusitis and caris activates the disease;
• genetic predisposition in the structure of the bronchial tree: if from birth the bronchi are predisposed to external stimuli, then the secret is formed regularly. When coughing fails to get rid of sputum, so infections continue to create an inflammatory environment;
• smoking: tobacco smoke that smokers inhale develops inflammatory processes in the bronchi;
• harmful working conditions. Dust, dirt, chemical pollutants in production are regularly deposited in the bronchi;
• high humidity and low temperatures create conditions for the activation of infections;
• low degree of protection of the immune system: a weakened body is not able to fight viruses on its own.

Treatment

If signs of a chronic disease are found, the doctor draws up a treatment regimen. Should bronchitis be treated? Since there is no way to get rid of a chronic disease, do not neglect the opportunity to stabilize the state of health and slow down the nature of the disease.

Treatment chronic stage consists of complex measures: the use of antibiotics, expectorant and anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy, performing inhalations outside of sinusitis, maintaining healthy lifestyle life.

Is it worth it to fight chronic disease? This is a complex question, in the answer to which it is worth considering the etiology. Only a specialist can prescribe therapy, and self-treatment often leads to sad consequences: dysbacteriosis, the manifestation of allergic reactions, as a result - the bacteria become more resistant to the action of the drug and the course of the disease is aggravated.

Take antibiotics for chronic bronchitis suitable for the elderly and children. These groups of patients need drug therapy due to weakened immunity, since the body cannot overcome the disease on its own. initial stage. Neglect of medications can lead to pneumonia. For adults, the appointment of antibacterial drugs is necessary for the purulent course of bronchitis, after studying the sensitivity of the virus, a list of drugs is prescribed. The course lasts from 7 to 14 days, depending on the etiology. Wobenzym can reduce the resistance of infections and increase the effect of drugs. He is prescribed 5 tablets in three doses together with the general list.

Before prescribing drugs, it is necessary to determine the resistance of the patient's microflora to them. If mycoplasmas, chlamydia and legionella are detected, prescribe macrolide antibiotics: Azithromycin, Rovamycin, Roxithromycin, Tetracycline is a good antibiotic for bronchitis. For the treatment of positive coccal flora, semi-synthetic combined penicillins and cephalosporin drugs are needed. The latter - injection of extensive exposure, destroy the cell membrane of bacteria. Today, cephalospoin antibiotics of the second and third generations are used: cefriaxone - Medakson, Cefaxone, Emsef, cefuroxime - Aksef or Zinnat. Anamnesis with negative coccal flora is treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Acute obstructive stage

Obstructive bronchitis is characterized by: bronchospasm, irritation and inflammation of the bronchi, a progressive violation of the ventilation properties of the lungs. List of antibiotics obstructive bronchitis consists of four groups of antimicrobials:

1. Aminopenicillins.
2. Macrolides.
3. Fluoroquinolones.
4. Cephalonosporins.

Consider the appointment of each group of antibiotics for acute bronchitis

Medicines of the first group destroy bacterial cells, followed by the death of the "culprits" of the disease. They are prescribed for pneumococcal, streptococcal and other types of bacteria that cause inflammation in the bronchi. It is worth noting that drugs not only kill infected cells, but also affect healthy ones. In many patients, the appointment of aminopenicillins provokes allergic reactions. List of antibiotics: Amoxil, Augmentin, Ecoclave, Arlet.

Macrolides are better at eliminating cell proliferation by killing protein. Their penetration into anaerobic microorganisms is much more efficient compared to the aminopenicillin group. Macrolides include: Azitral, Azitrox, Sumamed.

The third group of drugs is prescribed if the patient has an individual intolerance to the drugs described above. Fluoroquinolones destroy bacteria, have side effects and allergies. Treatment should not be carried out in combination with supportive therapy for the immune system. good antibiotics with bronchitis: Ofloxacin, Cifran, Tsiprolet, Moxifloxacin.

The last group is strong antibiotics with bronchitis, it is most significant in the treatment of complicated types. They are needed for allergies or intolerance to these antibiotics. The main drugs: Suprax, Pancef, Ixim.

When and for whom it is important to resort to antibiotic therapy, is it possible to cure?

Men and women after 60 years of age resort to treatment with drugs that kill viruses and infections due to weakened immunity. If such recommendations are ignored, pneumonia is possible. If the symptoms do not leave for three weeks, then use antimicrobial agents. Smokers during periods of exacerbation of the disease and patients with allergic reactions of asthma need antibiotic therapy at initial manifestations. Forms of the disease caused by irritants at work or infections require the complex intervention of doctors.

The cure depends on: way of life, ecology, heredity. Significant improvements in patients have been noted in the salt mines. The natural microclimate has a positive effect on lung health. The correct medication regimen will relieve mild form, heavier - will reduce the intensity of development.

General rules for taking antibiotics

1. Strictly adhere to the course of treatment prescribed by your doctor.
2. Observe the intervals between medications indicated in the instructions.
3. Keep track of your health status, note if there are any improvements.
4. If the antibiotic is ineffective, and the pathogen is not eliminated, then it is better to prescribe another drug.

Signs such as fever, cough, malaise - require observation by a specialist. Only he can determine the nature of the course of bronchitis and prevent its complications. Trust doctors with a reasonable intake of antibiotics, always check their names with pharmacists.

Bronchitis is one of the most common respiratory diseases in adults and children. Despite this, there is no unequivocal opinion about what means are best to treat bronchitis.

Are antibiotics needed?

The most controversial issue is the use of antibiotic therapy. After all, as experience shows, antibiotics for bronchitis are not always effective. This is related to the fact that this disease most often caused by viruses, and it makes no sense to treat it with drugs against bacteria. In addition, such treatment is fraught with consequences - dysbacteriosis, allergies, weakened immunity.

Therefore, if you are wondering what antibiotics to drink for bronchitis, first of all, think about whether you need them? recommended in the treatment of chronic bronchitis. But even in this case, it is not always possible to determine which bacteria cause a recurrence of the disease. Therefore, doctors prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics in such situations. These drugs are also called universal because of their detrimental effect on many microorganisms.

You can not make a decision on the appointment of antibiotic therapy on your own, be sure to consult your doctor. Only a specialist can choose the best drug against bronchitis, based on test and examination data.

Groups of broad-spectrum antibiotics

Quite often, doctors are forced to prescribe antibiotics for bronchitis at random, because it is not always possible to wait from 5 to 14 days for the results of an analysis of the sensitivity of the isolated microflora. Modern medicine has antibacterial drugs, capable of fighting not with one specific type of bacteria, but with a whole list of microorganisms.

Despite the wide range of activities, generic antibiotics divided into groups depending on the main active substance.

Let's get to know those groups. antibacterial agents, with the help of which the treatment of bronchitis is most often carried out.

Penicillins

Penicillins are broad-spectrum drugs natural source which are Penicillium fungi. The main substance of all antibiotics of this group - 6-APA (6-aminopenicillanic acid) consists of a thiazolidine ring and β-lactam.

The advantage of penicillins in the bactericidal effect that prevents the synthesis of peptidoglycan.

Suppression of the enzyme, which is the main component of the bacterial cell walls, leads to its immediate death. But many microorganisms have developed the ability to reproduce β-lactamases, and thus become resistant to the effects of penicillins.

Therefore, scientists have developed substances that can inhibit the activity of β-lactamase. The best known of these are clavulanic acid, tazobactam and sulbactam. It is clavulanic acid that is a necessary component of modern antibiotics, which are recommended to be taken against bronchitis.

The most popular drugs are Panklav, Augmentin, Amoxiclav. They differ in that they have a small number of side effects, but are not able to fight against the chronic form of the disease. In addition, they are allergenic and can cause a rash on the skin, fever, and even swelling of the larynx.

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins are broad-spectrum drugs based on the chemical structure of 7-ACC (7-aminocephalosporanic acid). Their main advantage is resistance to β-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria.

To further expand the range of effects of cephalosporins, scientists synthesized the drug with its semi-synthetic products, thus improving the pharmacokinetic parameters of the substance.

Treatment of bronchitis is recommended to be carried out by means such as Levofloxacin, Cefuroxime. They are also allergenic and have an impressive list of side effects, but are most effective in the fight against advanced forms of bronchitis.

Macrolides

Macrolides include drugs whose principle of action is based on the penetration active substance into the bacterial cell, on which it has a bacteriostatic effect. Such a substance is most often azithromycin, which has the ability to quickly concentrate in the foci of infection, preventing the division and growth of pathogenic cells.

In the treatment of bronchitis, they are used if the patient is allergic to penicillins. TO modern drugs of this group, which are often used against bronchitis, include Clarithromycin and Erythromycin. They are non-toxic, non-allergenic and have a small list of side effects.

Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones are drugs with a wide spectrum of action, which are based on the inhibition of the enzyme of a bacterial cell - DNA gyrase. They are characterized by rapid penetration into bacterial cells and excellent pharmacokinetic properties.

It is contraindicated for pregnant women and children to treat bronchitis with antibiotics of this group, since the active substance can disrupt the formation of cartilage. Other side effects include hypersensitivity To ultraviolet rays therefore, while taking fluoroquinolones and for 3 days after the end of treatment, prolonged exposure to the sun should be avoided.

The drugs in this group include Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin.

Tetracyclines

This type of drug is characterized by complete cross-resistance. They belong to the class of polyketides due to similar chemical composition And biological properties. Under the influence of tetracycline, bacteria do not die, but significantly reduce reproduction. Thus, microorganisms can be destroyed only due to their own extinction, provided that they are exposed to an antibiotic of this group for a long time.

Treatment of bronchitis involves the use of long-acting tetracyclines, for example, Metacycline, Rondomycin, Doxycycline.

Universal antibacterial drugs against bronchitis

Only a doctor can choose effective antibiotics for bronchitis. After all, it is he who is able to determine the drug to which a particular bacterium will be most sensitive. Here are the names of modern broad-spectrum antibacterial agents that are recommended to treat different forms bronchitis.

Treatment of acute bronchitis does not require the use of antibiotics from the first days of the disease.

If there is a risk of complications, it is worth introducing drugs such as Amoxicillin, Spiramycin, Erythromycin into treatment. But with chronic bronchitis, it is necessary to take antibiotics, they are needed to reduce the number of relapses of the disease. The chronic form of bronchitis can be treated with drugs from the penicillin group, for example, Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Arlet, Flemoklav.

Patients old age it is better to treat bronchitis with drugs from the macrolide group - Flemoxin, Rovamycin, Hemomycin, Azithromycin. Or, if necessary, replace with cephalosporins - Cefazolin, Suprax, Cefepime, Ceftriaxone.

Any viral, infectious, bacterial disease may carry danger. Bronchitis is one of these pathologies. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi. The disease develops against the background of swelling of the airways of the lungs. At this time, mucus begins to be produced.

Treatment for bronchitis is selected strictly individually for each patient. After all, there is a large number of types of pathology. And it is not always necessary to take a course of antibiotic therapy. When are antibiotics needed? So, choose the right antibiotics for bronchitis in adults.

Causes of bronchitis

It turns out that there are many causes of bronchitis. The main ones are:

• viral infection;
• bacterial infection;
• mixed infection;
• atypical pathogens;
• chemical impact;

The viral form of bronchitis occurs on average in 95% of cases of the development of the disease in patients who do not have another in the bronchi. pathological process. Antibiotic treatment is not needed in this case. A patient with normal immunity is quite enough symptomatic treatment resulting in recovery in about 2 weeks. If the patient's immune system is weakened, then the appointment of antibiotics is justified.

Often the patient coughs up sputum, which can be of different colors (clear, white, yellow, green, brown, pink, or red). There are several types of this disease: acute bronchitis, chronic uncomplicated bronchitis, chronic complicated bronchitis, chronic bronchitis with some characteristic diseases, chlamydial and mycoplasmal bronchitis.

Acute bronchitis is very common, often resulting from an upper respiratory tract infection. Chronic bronchitis develops when the airways are irritated for a long time (often this disease appears due to smoking).

Acute bronchitis usually resolves in 7-10 days, although the cough may continue for several weeks. But if bouts of bronchitis are repeated, then this may indicate a chronic disease.

In particular, bronchitis is considered chronic if the patient coughs up sputum for at least 90 consecutive days for more than 24 consecutive months. This disease is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

In acute and chronic bronchitis, there are the following symptoms: cough, phlegm, fatigue, breathing problems, discomfort chest. When a person has acute bronchitis, they may have some cold symptoms (such as a mild headache). These symptoms usually go away after 7-10 days, but the cough may last longer.

Important! You should consult a doctor if the cough lasts more than three weeks, if the body temperature rises above +38 ° C, if there is colorless sputum, if there is blood in the sputum, if there are wheezing when breathing or shortness of breath.

When are antibiotics needed?

In different countries, doctors continue to prescribe antibiotics with surprising obstinacy for acute bronchitis, although it has long been known that this disease is caused by viral infections. And antibiotics are not effective.

These drugs should not be used to treat acute bronchitis. The use of antibiotics when they are not needed can lead to more harm than good.

Doctors often prescribe antibiotics for bronchitis with colorless sputum. Such sputum is considered a sign of a bacterial infection. However, in 2014, Spanish scientists, as a result of a study, came to the conclusion that if you take antibiotics with colorless sputum, then the cough does not go away.

In particular, patients who took ibuprofen coughed for 9 days, and those who used antibiotics or placebo coughed for 11 days. At the same time, from the drug of "last chance" arises whole line side effects, including hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract.

Worth knowing! The American College of Physicians does not recommend prescribing antibiotics for adults with uncomplicated bronchitis (unless pneumonia is suspected). Their recommendations were published in January 2016 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

But if the doctor suspects that the patient has a bacterial infection, then he may prescribe antibiotics. These drugs also prevent secondary infections. As for children, if they have bronchitis heat then the doctor may decide to use antibiotics.

With the following indications, antibiotics are prescribed for bronchitis in adults:

1. Patients over 60 years of age. The immune system of older people often cannot cope with the disease due to the weakening of the body. Therefore, it is impossible to get rid of the inflammatory process without drugs of this group.
2. The duration of the treatment of the disease. Not every organism can cope with inflammation in the bronchi during the proposed course of treatment, therefore antibiotic therapy is prescribed.
3. Smoker's bronchitis (obstructive) in the acute stage. With it, only antibiotics are able to overcome the disease.
4. Allergy is the main cause of asthma. With her, asthma attacks torment the patient more and more often, which is the reason to treat the patient with antibiotics.
5. Chemical bronchitis. Its development starts from aggressive substances (inhalation of acids, etc.). Conventional drugs this form of the disease cannot be overcome.
6. The appearance of purulent sputum in acute bronchitis.
7. Bronchitis caused by chlamydia or mycoplasmas.

Types of antibiotics prescribed for bronchitis

If treatment requires choosing effective drug groups of antibiotics, then most often the doctor prefers new generation antimicrobials.

Some doctors believe that recovery is accelerated if used combined treatment several drugs belonging to different groups at once.

Aminopenicillins

Penicillins (oxacillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin). The group of drugs includes such as Amoxiclav, Augmentin, Panklav, etc.

They have a bactericidal effect, affect the formation of a protein wall of a harmful bacterium, as a result of which it dies. Preparations with it are considered the safest. The only negative is the property to excite allergic reactions.

Worth knowing! If the disease is advanced and drugs with penicillin do not have the desired effect, then they switch to strong drugs.

Macrolides

An extensive group of drugs, which include erythromycin, oleandomycin, midecamycin, dirithromycin, telithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin. Prominent representatives of macrolides in the pharmacological market are Erythromycin, Claricin, Sumamed.

The mechanism of action is aimed at disrupting the vital activity of the microbial cell. In terms of safety, macrolides are less harmful than tetracyclines, fluoroquinols, more dangerous than penicillins, but they are well suited for people with allergies. In combination with penicillins, their effectiveness is reduced.

Fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones (pefloxacin, lomefloxacin, sparfloxacin, gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin). On the market, drugs are represented by Afelox, Afenoxin, and medicines of the same name with the main active ingredient, for example, Moxifloxacin.

This group is directed to be used as a cure for bronchitis. It is prescribed only if the previous two groups of antibiotics did not work on the causative agent of the disease.

Tetracyclines

The most well-known antibiotics from the tetracycline group are Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Oxytetracycline, Metacycline. The action of antibiotics from the tetracycline group is bacteriostatic.

As well as macrolides, tetracyclines are able to block protein synthesis in bacterial cells, however, unlike macrolides, tetracyclines have less selectivity and therefore, in large doses or at long-term treatment can inhibit the synthesis of proteins in the cells of the human body. At the same time, tetracyclines remain indispensable "helpers" in the treatment of many infections.

The main directions for the use of antibiotics from the tetracycline group:

• treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections;
• treatment of severe infections such as anthrax;
• tularemia;
• brucellosis, etc.

Despite the relative safety, long-term use tetracyclines can cause severe side effects: hepatitis, damage to the skeleton and teeth (tetracyclines are contraindicated in children under 14 years of age), malformations (contraindication for use during pregnancy), allergies.

Cephalosporins

Cephalosporins (active substances - cephalexin, cefaclor, cefoperazone, cefepime). According to the type of pathogen, the patient is prescribed Cefalexin, Cefuroxime axetil, Cefotaxime. Limited in effect on some pathogens.

For example, such antibiotics have absolutely no effect on pneumococci, chlamydia, microplasma, listeria. First-generation drugs are practically not absorbed into the blood, and therefore are prescribed in the form of injections.

Features of the treatment of bronchitis in pregnant women

Acute bronchitis is treated during pregnancy, depending on the severity of the disease and the form of bronchitis. In the absence of pronounced symptoms and pathology, you can be treated at home. In other cases, hospitalization is required and mandatory compliance bed rest.

Standard treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics is not suitable during pregnancy, as is the use of antibacterial drugs. If you can not do without these drugs, then antibiotics of the penicillin series are prescribed: Flemoxin Solutab, Ampicillin.

They can be used even during pregnancy and do not harm the fetus. Starting from the second trimester, cephalosporin antibiotics can be connected.

In order to relieve the symptoms of intoxication, it is recommended to drink plenty of water and complete vitamin nutrition. You can drink tea with honey, milk, mineral water, decoctions of herbs. To improve sputum discharge, antitussive therapy is prescribed: licorice root, marshmallow syrup, licorice decoction. Massage or gymnastics will also help to remove phlegm.

The best antibiotics for bronchitis

At the first manifestations of a strong and suffocating cough, you should contact the local therapist, who, during the reception, will listen to the lungs for wheezing. This is very important, as it happens that patients confuse bronchitis and pneumonia, and this various diseases and none of them are self-healing.

If the diagnosis of bronchitis is confirmed, the doctor chooses a method of treatment. It happens that only antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are the best solution. But not all patients tolerate penicillin preparations; in this case, sulfa drugs are prescribed. It is also impossible to stop taking antibiotics without the permission of a doctor.

Important! Remember that untreated bronchitis is even worse than the chronic form of the disease.

Amoxicillin

A broad spectrum antibiotic that rarely causes side effects. In some patients, there is complete resistance to the active substance of the drug. Taking into account the development of the severity of the disease in bronchitis, it may be recommended to take 500-1000 mg active ingredient three times a day for an hour or two hours after meals.

Amoxicillin capsules should not be chewed and divided, washed down with water or juice. Therapy with the drug continues for 5-14 days, on average treatment is on 10 days.

Biseptol

It is a combined antimicrobial agent based on sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. It refers to broad-spectrum antibiotics, is active against streptococci, staphylococci, and a number of other bacteria that can cause inflammation in the bronchi.

The drug is taken orally, after a meal, with a sufficient amount of liquid. The dose is set individually.

Ofloxacin

A broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent from the group of fluoroquinolones, acts on the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase, which provides supercoiling, etc. stability of bacterial DNA (destabilization of DNA chains leads to their death). It has a bactericidal effect.

Take orally: adults - 200-800 mg / day, course of treatment - 7-10 days, frequency of use - 2 times a day. Doses up to 400 mg/day may be given as a single dose, preferably in the morning. Tablets are taken whole with water, before or during meals. The duration of treatment is determined by the sensitivity of the pathogen and the clinical picture.

Worth knowing! Treatment should be continued for at least 3 more days after the disappearance of the symptoms of the disease and the complete normalization of body temperature.

Flemoxin-Solyutab

Flemoxin Solutab is an effective antimicrobial drug that helps to cope with a large number of completely different infectious agents. This medicinal product has a wide range antimicrobial activity against most staphylococcal, streptococcal, gonococcal, pneumococcal infections.

The main operating medicinal substance Flemoxin is Amoxicillin, which has an effective antibacterial effect against many bacterial pathogens.

The daily dose of Flemoxin for adults and children over 16 years of age is 1 ton (500 mg of the active ingredient) no more than 2-3 r. a day after meals, preferably with plenty of water.

As a rule, the necessary medicinal dose of this antimicrobial drug is determined for each patient absolutely individually, depending on the severity of the course of a particular infectious and inflammatory disease.

The minimum interval between doses of Flemoxin is 5-6 hours, while the maximum daily dose for adults should not exceed more than 3 tons (1500 mg). Average duration treatment with this antimicrobial drug is 5-7 days and is determined by the attending physician absolutely individually for each patient.

Augmentin

A combined broad-spectrum antibiotic resistant to β-lactamase containing amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic that is active against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

The dosage regimen is set individually depending on the age, body weight, kidney function of the patient, as well as the severity of the infection. For optimal absorption and to reduce possible side effects from the digestive system, Augmentin is recommended to be taken at the beginning of a meal.

Treatment should not be continued for more than 14 days without a review of the clinical situation.

Important! Adults and children over 12 years of age or weighing more than 40 kg take 1 tablet (875 mg + 125 mg) 2 times / day or 1 tablet (500 mg + 125 mg) 3 times / day.

Sumamed

It is used for and pneumonia. It is not used by patients with dysfunction of the liver and kidneys. Available in tablets, capsules, powder for suspensions. Dosage for adults - 500 mg per day, a course of 3-5 days. For children, the dose is determined by weight - 5-30 mg of medication per 1 kg. Only a specialist will tell you a more accurate and correct dosage, do not neglect the medical opinion.

Azithromycin

Powerful modern antibiotic for adults, which allows you to stabilize the patient's condition in a short time. In severe lesions, treatment with Azithromycin usually does not last more than 5 days.

To obtain a pronounced therapeutic result, patients take 0.5-1 g of the active ingredient once a day. In some cases, a three-day course of treatment is sufficient.

Cefazolin

Produced as a powder for the preparation of infusions and injections. Methods of administration - only intravenously and intramuscularly. For adults, 3-4 injections are made per day, 0.25-1 g each. The treatment course is 7-10 days. Children's dose is determined in proportion to the weight of the child - 25-50 mg per 1 kg. Stab - 3-4 times a day.

If patients have renal dysfunction, dosage adjustments are made.

Ceftazidime

It is an analogue of Cefazolin. People with antibiotic intolerance penicillin series may react poorly to injections, therefore, before treatment, it is necessary to make sure that there are no allergic manifestations for a medication.

It is not recommended to stop therapy with Ceftazidime until the end of the course of treatment, even if the person feels much better and the signs of the disease have disappeared. This can lead to the emergence of resistance of the source of the disease to the remedy, the transition of the disease into a chronic form.

Important! Patients are advised to avoid alcohol during injections, as this increases the likelihood of toxic injury kidneys and liver.

When prescribing the drug to people with severe kidney damage or chronic kidney failure it is necessary to carefully monitor the work of the body. With a slight deterioration in health, antimicrobial therapy is immediately stopped.

When using the drug intravenously, the patient may experience dizziness and drowsiness, therefore, during therapy, it is necessary to refrain from driving vehicles and driving equipment that requires increased attention.

Features of the course of antibiotics

The thesis that antibiotics are harmful is known to almost every child in our time. But few people understand why antibiotics are actually harmful, what organs and systems are adversely affected by these drugs? Here are some of the main areas of their negative impact:

1. Antibiotics kill beneficial microflora, which is involved in digestion and protects the body from fungi. Thus, treatment with such drugs often requires the patient to comply with and take additional antifungal drugs. But even this does not completely eliminate the harm of antibiotics.
2. Fungal infections, which are inevitably activated during treatment, damage the body's immune system and, in turn, can lead to the development of new diseases.
3. Antibiotics are harmful to the liver, as they force it to process drugs in large volumes. Regular use of these medications can cause liver dysfunction.

So, the answer to the question "Are antibiotics harmful?" - an unequivocal "Yes". On the other hand, before starting treatment, it will always be reasonable to think: how to reduce the harm of antibiotics, how to reduce their negative impact on the body? Here are some recommendations of doctors in this regard:

• antibiotics should be used only as prescribed by a specialist: not all infections are effectively treated with antibiotics, and if there is a benefit, it is important to understand which drug fit better Total;
• the harm of antibiotics - the price for it powerful properties, which should only be used in real difficult situation. In many cases it is much easier and safer to get around traditional methods treatment;
• antibiotics should be taken according to the prescribed schedule and be sure to complete the course, even if the disease has receded. By stopping taking drugs, you strengthen the infection, making it less susceptible to this drug;
• A lot of medicines depend on each other. Some increase the effect, some are able to nullify the entire effectiveness of the drug. In order to avoid side effects, antibiotics must be taken with, as well as with antifungal drugs;
• the harm of antibiotics to the liver increases many times if a person drinks them with alcohol;
• together with blood thinners, antibiotics are harmful to circulatory system, as they increase the risk of internal hemorrhages;
• during a course of antibiotics, it is wise to maintain your digestive system"live" yoghurts and / or kefirs, avoid heavy food for the intestines;
• You can reduce the harm of antibiotics to the immune system by taking antifungal drugs prescribed by your doctor.

Bronchitis itself is a non-infectious disease. This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchi, which affects not only the mucous membrane, but also the wall of the bronchi. Most often, bronchitis in adults develops after respiratory diseases. Bronchitis does not require antibiotic treatment. When infected with a viral infection, antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are not effective. Just on last step disease can be connected to a bacterial infection. With coughing fits, when sputum is purulent and with a characteristic odor - only then, with a diagnosis of bronchitis, antibiotics are prescribed. What antibiotics to take for bronchitis and when, read further in the article.

Antibiotics for bronchitis as standard of care in adults

Most often, bronchitis in adults is prescribed antimicrobials. And basically prescribe drugs of new generations, to which microorganisms have not yet had time to adapt. Or prescribe a combined treatment of bronchitis in adults with two or more antibiotics. Each of the antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis in adults belongs to a different group of drugs. It has to be taken into account and individual intolerance To certain types antibiotics or an allergic reaction is not drugs.

In the diagnosis of bronchitis, a bacteriological and microbiological examination of sputum is carried out, which makes it possible to identify microorganisms (their association), which cause the disease and select more effective antibiotic, which will act on microorganisms, causing their death when minimum concentration in blood.

In the presence of foci of bacterial infection, antibiotics are prescribed for bronchitis in adults, as well as for protracted illness and inflammatory process, which are found in clinical analyzes blood. Antibiotics for bronchitis in adults are prescribed from five to seven days, and in rare cases and up to ten. It all depends on what form the disease has:

• obstructive
• acute or
• chronic.

Principles of treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics

Antibiotics for bronchitis are taken when the symptoms of intoxication are clearly visible, and also if the secreted sputum becomes purulent. The treatment lasts for two weeks, and if antibiotics do not give the desired result, a sputum analysis should be performed to determine the causative agent of the disease. During the illness, the patient should eat well, the diet should contain enough proteins, vitamins and biologically active additives. When prescribed by a doctor, bronchitis is cured without problems.

When it comes to antibiotics that are needed to treat bronchitis, experts are divided. Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics is used in cases where bronchitis is in the stage of a relapsing condition. Very often, viruses are the cause of the disease, and the use of antibiotics is not practiced, since viruses are treated with antiseptics. Prescribed drugs antibacterial group can lead to the development of allergies, dysbacteriosis and resistance of microorganisms to this drug.

Today, antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of bronchitis just at random. Some types, such as drugs of the tetracycline, penicillin, erythromycin group, may weaken immune system. To treat bronchitis with antibiotics, it is necessary to conduct a series of tests to determine the sensitivity to a particular drug, and the use of only an effective drug.

Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics lasts from three to seven days, in rare cases, treatment lasts up to ten days. It depends, most likely, on the form of bronchitis. When treatment does not give the desired result, antibiotics of several groups are prescribed. Combine different groups antibiotics can be on special tables.

Indications for the appointment of antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis

Experts have not come to a consensus on the advisability of using antibiotics for the treatment of bronchitis. There is only one opinion with which they are in solidarity - the treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics should not be used from the first days of the disease. The use of antibiotics is possible in a number of cases:

very high, non-falling temperature (above 38 degrees) for more than 2 days;

manifestation of toxic poisoning (toxicosis);

in the absence of bronchial obstruction, the appearance of shortness of breath;

high ESR level in blood;

hissing breath without bronchial obstruction.

The basis for prescribing antibiotics for bronchitis in adults is a protracted course of the disease, when laboratory analysis blood reveal an inflammatory process of the upper respiratory organs. Appoint medications in the presence of a bacterial infection.

What antibiotics and other medicines should be taken for bronchitis?

In the treatment of bronchitis in adults, the most effective are:

antibiotics Hemomycin, Flemoxin, Macropen, Rovamycin, Azithromycin, Frolimid - which represent the first group of drugs.

The second group includes cephalosporins: Suprax, Cephalozolin, Ceftriaxone, Klaforan, Cefalexin, Fortum, Cefepim, Rocephin. Drugs are prescribed orally orally for mild and moderate forms of the disease.

In severe bronchitis, antibiotics in the form of injections are more effective. Sometimes the doctor combines drugs, prescribes injections and tablets at the same time.

With a viral infection with bronchitis take antiviral drugs: Kipferon, Genferon, Viferon.

Also, with bronchitis in adults, expectorants are prescribed: Lazolvan, Bromhexine, Ambroxol, Fluditec, ACC.

With shortness of breath, effective bronchodilator drugs are used: Teopec, Eufillin, Berodual, Teotard, Salbutamol. Treatment is supplemented with half-vitamin preparations.

In the treatment of bronchitis with drugs, there are different directions. Each of them has its own way to treat bronchitis. This article will list the most effective medicines from bronchitis, which exist in medical practice.

Bronchitis medicines for treatment by inhalation

by the most safe method inhalation of drugs for bronchitis into the respiratory tract is inhalation. To achieve results, various devices are used: metered aerosols and dry powders. In some cases, nebulizers are used.

Anticholinergic drugs are administered by inhalation to treat bronchitis. Most popular remedy- Ipratropium bromide. The method of administering drugs using dosage aerosols. For basic treatment bronchitis, anticholinergics are used, which have no side effects. When prescribing Beta2-agonists to the elderly, you need to be careful, there are contraindications for people with heart disease. In the form of an aerosol with a dosage, they are used: Berotek, Berodual, Salbutamol.

Medicines for bronchitis of the mucoregulatory and glucosteroid class

Medicines for bronchitis of the mucoregulatory class are taken for bronchitis by those patients in whom mucus secretion is impaired, and lazolvan and acetylcysteine ​​are considered effective in use.

Therapy of bronchitis with glucocorticosteroids has results when basic therapy does not come to the rescue even at high dosages. Apply this therapy with a successful effective course of corticosteroids (taking prednisolone tablets). It is very important to try the method of corticosteroids in the form of inhalations, and only after a poor result, it is possible to treat bronchitis in adults with corticosteroids.

Home treatment and folk remedies as an alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of bronchitis

It is possible to treat and prevent bronchitis in adults with folk remedies, but only when the patient is at the stage of recovery.

If you get sick with bronchitis, be sure to adhere to bed rest.

Take for bronchitis hot tea with honey and lemon for bronchitis.

Brew with bronchitis sprigs of raspberries and Linden blossom.

Warm compresses on the chest.

Great help in the treatment of bronchitis in adults menthol, eucalyptus inhalation.

It is necessary to use expectorant and antiallergic drugs for the treatment of acute forms of bronchitis treatment.

Add to your daily intake food vitamins and dietary supplements that contain significant amount micro and macro elements.

Of the drugs that are used to treat bronchitis in adults, it is worth highlighting Bronchipret. It contains natural plant elements that have a complex effect.

Folk remedies in addition to antibiotics for home treatment bronchitis

To improve the separation of sputum in bronchitis, it is recommended to take an apple drink several times a day. To do this, you need to cut several apples into equal pieces, brew them with boiling water, let them brew for 30 minutes and consume them warm.

Well helps in the treatment of bronchitis in adults a simple recipe for cough treatment: mix the juice of black radish, carrots and a tablespoon of honey. Take 1 tablespoon every hour.

Extremely useful in the treatment of bronchitis in adults is also chicory with honey, ginger drink. These foods help your body fight bacteria.

It is also recommended to do rubbing of the chest for the treatment of bronchitis, spend enough time on fresh air, eat well, exercise. Do not overcool in cold and wet weather. In order for you to be always healthy, you need to take time to rest.

One of the causes of chronic bronchitis in adults is smoking. Bronchitis is an infectious disease, in order for the treatment to pass quickly, it is necessary to abandon first of all bad habits, and then the treatment of bronchitis in adults will be much more effective.

Treatment of bronchitis in adults gives a positive and quick result when the cause of the disease - smoking - is eliminated. When smoking, chronic bronchitis is difficult to treat, and antibiotics sulfonamides are used for this. This method of treating bronchitis using antibiotics helps to stop the inflammatory process in the upper respiratory tract, improve bronchial patency, and also helps restore immunity.

Recently, antibacterial and antiviral drugs have been elevated to the rank of a panacea for any inflammatory processes. Is it really? Are antibiotics needed for bronchitis and if needed, in what dosages and for what symptoms? Let's try to understand this issue from a practical and scientific points vision. Let's figure out what drugs are used to treat bronchitis in adults and children.

So, bronchitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tree under the influence of various factors. One of the main agents of the inflammatory process is histamine. This substance is secreted by mast cells, which are present in almost all tissues. human body. It causes swelling and provokes blood flow in order to convey to the focus of the introduction of a pathogenic agent. the largest number macrophages, lymphocytes and leukocytes. At the same time, histamine is an indicator of an allergic reaction. To suppress it, modern antihistamines are used, which suppress the release of histamine from mast cells. The names of the drugs may differ from those given in the article!

What antibiotics to take for bronchitis, which, for example, has an allergic or ectopic etiology, given that synthetic antibacterial drugs themselves are the strongest allergens for the human body? In the vast majority of cases, with an allergic etiology of damage to the mucous membranes of the bronchi, such methods of therapy are categorically contraindicated. But there are other cases as well.

In particular, antibiotics for bronchitis in children and adults are prescribed if there is convincing evidence that the disease is provoked by the introduction of pathogenic microflora sensitive to them. The most reasonable decision of any doctor can be called the direction of the patient for a sputum test to determine the sensitivity. This allows you to choose the most accurate drug and its dosage.

Based on the names given in the article, one can get a rough idea of ​​which drugs are most often used to treat these pathologies. But it is strongly not recommended to conduct therapy on your own, since only an experienced doctor can choose an adequate tactic.

When is it necessary to treat bronchitis with antibiotics in children and adults?

To begin with, it is worthwhile to understand in detail in which cases the appointment of these drugs is fully justified. Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics may be required if the patient has symptoms of severe intoxication and inflammatory response bacterial genesis. For viral, fungal and allergic pathologies these funds are not only ineffective, but also harmful to the patient's condition.

The fact is that antibiotics can suppress not only the growth of pathogenic microflora, but also human immunity. The vast majority of cells responsible for the immune response to pathogenic microflora are produced in the epithelium of the small intestine. Under the influence of antibacterial agents, the beneficial intestinal microflora is inhibited and may die. This in turn damages the immune system. Fungal flora and viruses begin to actively develop.

Remember one simple rule: the treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics, both in adults and in children, is possible only if microflora sensitive to them is detected during sputum culture. For prevention and "just like that" you should not take these drugs in any case.

Usually inflammation of the bronchi is associated either with a complication of a viral respiratory infection, or with negative impacts factors external environment. Therefore, in the first 3 days, it is necessary to build treatment on the platform of antiviral effects and the exclusion of negative environmental factors. Plentiful drinking, walks in the fresh air are prescribed. It is necessary to completely eliminate the influence of tobacco smoke.

Treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics should be started with the following indications:

• high body temperature (above 38.5 degrees Celsius) lasts more than 5 days in a row;
• discharge of purulent sputum green or yellow;
• severe shortness of breath at rest and with minimal physical exertion;
• pathological abnormalities in general analysis blood, indicating an inflammatory process ( elevated level ESR, leukocytosis with a shift of the formula to the left).

The predominant indications may be the elderly and infancy, the presence of chronic foci of infection in the patient's body, pronounced changes in radiographic images.

A prerequisite is sputum culture for microflora and the exclusion of tuberculosis infection.

Names of drugs, groups, dosages and regimens

It is worth mentioning right away that knowing the names of antibiotics used in the treatment of bronchitis in adults does not mean the possibility of their use in children, especially in a child under the age of 12 years. Many drugs have a contraindication for the use of children's age and low body weight.

Consider the main groups, the names of drugs and the recommended regimens for their administration for the sanitation of foci of infection in the bronchi. Recommendations will also be given on taking additional drugs, the purpose of which is to exclude negative side effects.

You can use antibiotics for acute and chronic bronchitis, if there are reasonable and motivated indications for this. In particular, in chronic obstructive bronchitis, these drugs can be prescribed only after laboratory research and if available evidence base that the pathology is provoked by exposure to pathogenic microflora.

At acute form In the inflammatory process, the drugs of first choice are broad-spectrum antibiotics. They can be prescribed at the first suspicion of bacterial infection, since they have pronounced disastrous effect per gram positive and gram negative forms of bacteria. Sputum cultures are done before starting treatment. The result is usually ready after 4-5 days.

But back to the names of antibiotics that are preferred in the treatment of bronchitis in adults and children, they are divided into groups, the action of which is due to bactericidal (killing) and bacteriostatic (growth-suppressing) properties. Bactericidal drugs give quick effect, but their reception is accompanied by a short-term deterioration in the patient's condition due to an increase in symptoms of intoxication. This is due to the mass death of bacteria and the release of a huge amount of toxins. To neutralize this effect, it is recommended to take antihistamines, vitamin C and drink plenty of fluids.

So, the group of penicillins is currently represented by artificial semi-synthetic agents: Amoxicillin and Ampicillin. IN pharmacy network there are variations of these substances under the trade names "Flemoxin slyutab", "Amoxiclav", "Augmentin", "Amotide", "Grunamox". They are prescribed in the form of tablets (including those soluble in water). They have a wide spectrum bactericidal action for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The standard dosage for an adult is 500 mg 2-3 times a day for 7 days. For a child, the dosage is calculated based on body weight. At the age of 6 years, it is not recommended to prescribe.

The aminoglycoside group is prescribed mainly as additional funds impact. Introduced by "Gentamicin", which is used for intramuscular injections. Macrolides of the latest generation are more effective: Sumamed, Azitral, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin. They are used in all forms of the disease. They differ in the short duration of the course of treatment and relatively low dosages. Their undoubted advantage is that they do not have an overwhelming effect on normal microflora intestines. The standard dosage is 500 mg once a day for an adult for 3 days.

Antibiotics belonging to the cephalosporin group are no less effective in bronchitis. These are "Ciprofloxacin", "Tsiprolet", "Cifran" and others. They can be used both in the form of tablets and in the form of intravenous, intramuscular injections. The elimination of bacteria is quickly achieved, the patient's condition improves on the 2nd day from the start of treatment.

It is important to know in order not to harm your health!

Before starting the treatment of bronchitis with antibiotics, it is important to learn the basic rules of this therapy. This is necessary in order not to harm your health and not upset the balance of beneficial microflora in the intestines.

First of all, at the time of treatment and 14 days after it, the intake of any alcoholic beverages. Violation of this rule may lead to the development toxic hepatitis leading to cirrhosis of the liver. The main impact from exposure to toxins and antibacterial agents falls on the liver cells. Therefore, if there are problems with it, it is necessary to provide additional protection for hepatocytes. This may be a prophylactic intake of essential phospholipids "Essentiale", "Esliver", "Phosphogliv".

It is also important to know that antihistamine therapy is needed to prevent the development of allergic reactions. IN without fail"Pipolfen", "Ketotifen", "Suprastin", "Diazolin" and a number of other drugs are prescribed. They are taken 1 tablet 2 times a day throughout the antibiotic treatment.

To strengthen the immune system, it is necessary to take complex vitamin and mineral formulations. To strengthen vascular wall you can recommend "Ascorutin" 1 tablet 3 times a day.

If there is a financial opportunity, you can supplement the treatment with Wobenzym - it strengthens the immune system, enhances the effect of antibacterial agents and protects the beneficial intestinal microflora. Also, for the prevention of dysbacteriosis, you can advise "Linex" and its analogues.

Therapist Nechaeva G.I.